Database

Management System
Core Concepts

Lecture 1
 Database Management System: CORE
Concepts

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software

that permits the organization to centralize data, manage
them efficiently, and provide access to the stored data by
application programs.
The DBMS is a general-purpose software system that
facilitates the processes of defining, constructing,
manipulating, and sharing databases among various
users and applications.
RDBMS – Relational Database Management System

Why do we need one?

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 Relational Management System

An RDBMS is a type of DBMS that stores data in a

row-based table structure which connects related
data elements.
 Security DATA

 Integrity
 Performance DATABASE

 Reliability

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 What is a Database?

• Collection of related files containing records on

people, places, or things.
• A database is a logically coherent, organized
collection of similar or related data

Customers Orders Products

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 Basic Concept of Data Management

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 Basic Database Concept

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 Basic Database Concept

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 Database System Environment

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 Database Management System

• Combination of software and data for Collecting,

storing and managing data in a database
environment.
• A DBMS basically includes:
o Database
o Database engine (for accessing and modifying the DB
content)
o Data Manipulation Language (DML)

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 Database Management System

APPLICATION 1

APPLICATION 2 DBMS
DATABASE

APPLICATION …N

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 Database Management System

• A database management system (DBMS) is simply

the software that permits an organization to
centralize data, manage them efficiently, and
provide access to the stored data by application
programs
• an interface between application programs and the
physical data files

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 Advantages of DBMS

• Reduction in Data Redundancy

• Reduction in Data Inconsistency
• Sharing of data
• Enforcement of standards
• Improvement in data security
• Management of data integrity
• Better interaction with users
• Efficient system

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 Disadvantages of DBMS

Main inhibitor of using a DBMS:

 High initial investment and possible need for
additional hardware.
• When a DBMS may be unnecessary:
 If the database and applications are simple, well
defined, and not expected to change.
 If access to data by multiple users is not required.

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 Database Management System

 Centralized Database
• Used by single central processor or multiple
processors in client/server network
 Distributed Database
• Database stored in more than one physical
location
• Partitioned database
• Duplicated database

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 Choosing a DBMS

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 Choosing a DBMS

• Why Microsoft SQL Server?

 INTEGRATION
 HOSTED SOLUTION
 ADVANCED FEATURES

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 Choosing a DBMS

db db

MySQL ORACLE SQL SERVER

db db db db db

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 SQL Server Components and Application

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 SQL Server Editions

 EXPRESS Edition  DEVELOPER Edition

 WEB Edition  WORKGROUP Edition
 COMPACT Edition

Microsoft SQL Server

 AZURE  ENTERPRISE Edition
 STANDARD Edition  DATA WAREHOUSE

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 MS SQL Server Download

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 Planning SQL Server Installation

 INSTANCES  SECURITY

 STORAGE  AVAILABILITY

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 SQL Server INSTANCES

 Stability
• If an instance goes down, everything goes down.
 Security
• Each instance has its own instance-wide security.
 Performance
• Control how many resources used by each instance.
 Configuration and Compliance
• Each instance can be configured independently from
one another.

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 Too many INSTANCES…

 NOT a good IDEA!

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 Storage

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 Security

• WINDOWS Authentication
• Windows Accounts based on active directory

• MIXED Mode
• Windows accounts
• SQL Login accounts

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 Windows Authentication SECURITY

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 SQL Login SECURITY

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 Service SECURITY

LOCAL System
DOMAIN Account
 Recommended to use separate accounts
for each services:
▪ Database Engine
▪ SQL Server Agents
▪ Analysis Services
▪ Reporting Services

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 AVAILABILITY

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 Using MS SQL Server: Creating Database

Planning your Database

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 Planning your Database

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 Planning your Database

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 What’s IT for?

• “The database stores necessary product and order

information.”
• “We help customer find books, discover what
others thought about them, purchase and track
their orders, contribute their own reviews and
opinions, and learn about other products they
might like based on people with similar reading
habits.”

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 What do you have?

Existing database?
 Don’t just import: re-architect
Existing process?
 Physical assets: order forms, filing cabinets,
people

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 What tables do you need?

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 What columns do you need?

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 What keys do you need?

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 What relations do you need?

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 SQL Server Database

Creating Database
 Database files
• File groups, Size, location
 Database option
• Automatic, Cursor, Miscellaneous, State, etc.
• Compatibility level
• Recovery Model

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 Creating a Table

• Attributes (fields/columns)
• Data types
• Primary Key
• Default value
• Check Constraint
• Unique Keys
• Computed Column
• character / string data types

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 Data Types

 character / string data types

• text
• ntext
• char
• nchar
• varchar
• nvarcha

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 Character Data Types

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 Character Data Types

Fixed-length character data

• nchar(10) - 20 bytes, padded with space
• char(10) - 10 bytes, padded with space

Variable-length character data

• nvarchar(10) - it depends, up to 20 bytes
• nvarchar(4000) - maximum specified length
• varchar(8000) - maximum specified length
• nvarchar(max) - up to 2GB

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 Numeric Data Types

Exact Numbers
• int - /+ 2 billion
• smallint - 32,768 to + 32,767
• tinyint - 0 to 255
• bigint - /+ 2^63
• money - /+ 922,337,203,685,477.5808
• smallmoney - /+ 214,748.3648
• decimal / numeric - fixed precision and scale (p,s)
• ▪ Ex: decimal (9,2) -> max value of: 9999999.99

Approximate Numbers
• float(n) / real

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 Date Data Types

 date
 time
 datetime
 datetime2
 datetimeoffset
 smalldatetime

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 Other Data Types

 binary
 varbinary
 bit
 xml
 uniqueidentifier
 user defined
 geometry
 geography

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 How database works?

 SQL Server Storage Model

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 How database works?

• Schema Design Consideration

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 How database works?

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 How database works?

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 -

Thank you!!!

Truth. Excellence. Service.

 REFERENCES

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