5g RAN

nr Michaell Kalani
Michae
Senior Advisor RAN Solutions
Busin ess Ar ea Ne
Netwo rks
Ericsson Swe
Sweden
den
5G global plan

Industrial Use Case Studies & Pilots

5G FT’s & Radio E2E Network & Pre-

5G Commercial Launches
Radio Testbed Prototypes commercial Trials

IMT-2020
ITU Requirements Proposals Specifications

3GPP R14 5G
5G Study Item R15 NR
NR Ph.1 R16 NR
NR Ph.2

Early Ph.2 Deployments

Early Drop
Early Ph.1 Deployments

Early Drop Deployments

5G NR NSA Completion 5G NR SA Completion

NSA Op.3 ASN.1 SA & NSA ASN.1 Full IMT-2020

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

5G global plan

Industrial Use Case Studies & Pilots

5G FT’s & Radio E2E Network & Pre-

5G Commercial Launches
Radio Testbed Prototypes commercial Trials

IMT-2020
ITU Requirements Proposals Specifications

3GPP R14 5G
5G Study Item R15 NR
NR Ph.1 R16 NR
NR Ph.2

Early Ph.2 Deployments

Early Drop
Early Ph.1 Deployments

Early Drop Deployments

5G NR NSA Completion 5G NR SA Completion

NSA Op.3 ASN.1 SA & NSA ASN.1 Full IMT-2020

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

5G Radio Access
Overall 5G solution

LTE evolution Interworking New Technology

Backwards compatible “NX or NR”

Gradual migration
Existing spectrum into existing spectrum
New
New s pectrum

Below 6 GHz
GHz  Abo ve 6 GHz
Potentiall n ew spectrum below 6 GHz
Potentia

 A combination of evolved and new access technologies

NR numerology options
Flexible Numerology to Support Varying Frequency Bands & Carrier Bandwidth

Lower-frequency/wide-area Higher-frequency deployments Millimeter wave

deployments with less time dispersion

Frequency domain

Time domain
Larger CP – larger Shorter symbol time & CP
time dispersions in  – Potential for even
wide areas lower latency
Current LTE

Sub-carrier spacing 15 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz

Cyclic prefix ( s) 4.7 s (6.6%) 2.4 s (6.6%) 1.2 s (6.6%)

Slot duration 500 s 250 s 125 s

Symbols per slot 7 7 7
on the road to 5G
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

3GPP Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel-17

Early
deployments 5G new Carrier Type, NR

Intelligent Connectivity

Low latency

RAN Virtualization

Massive MIMO

Massive IoT

LTE Advanced
LTE/NR co-existence
Migration LTE band to NR
› In order to continue to support legacy LTE users, and at the same time enable NR coverage in the same
band, LTE/NR co-existence is needed.
 –  Both DL and UL sharing are needed
 –  3GPP impact only when UE support is needed and/or enable multi-vendorness
› If not the solutions are completely vendor specific

Static sharing- Frequency multiplexing

• + No UE support needed
• + Easy migration option
• - Impact LTE and NR peak rate

Semi-dynamic or dynamic sharing

• + More efficient use of spectrum
• + No Impact LTE and NR peak rate
• - UE support might be needed
• - More complex migration option
 5G architectures
5G Enabled Core NextGen Core
3GPP target Q4 17 3GPP target Q2 18

S1’-based NG-S1 like based

Op.2*
Op.1 Op.3* Op.5
Op.7

• Q4’18: Option 3 (NSA)

NR
NR • Q2’19: Option 2 (SA)
LTE
• From Q2’19: Option 7(NSA)*
• From Q2’19: Option 5 *

LTE LTE * Timing depends on the complexity of the new NextGen

NR/EPC Core interface to LTE – currently being defined in 3GPP
• Current archtiecture
• Supported in 3GPP
• * Most likely 1st architectures supported commercially
 NR & LTE
 Al l depl oymen ts With m assive MIMO In mmW bands
› 10-30% higher peak › Improved MU-MIMO › Optimized numerology
spectral efficiency performance › Support for analogue BF
› Up to 2x cell-edge rates › Beamformed control
at low load channels for coverage
› Faster response times › Better TDD feedback
› Increased energy efficiency
NR NR
  e
  c
  n
  a
  m
  r LTE
  o
   f NR
  r
  e LTE
   P No
LTE
 FDD Peak Rates (DL)
› NR has 12-20% higher peak spectral efficiency due to
 –  Higher spectrum utilization
 –  More flexible overhead (control channels, reference symbols)

Peak Data Rate (2x2) NR spectral efficiency gain over LTE

400 374 25.00%
   ] 350
  s
312
  p 20.00%
   b300
   E
   M
   [    S
  e250
   t    d15.00%
  a
  r
200 182   e
  z
   i
   l
  a
   t
  a
156   a
  m 10.00%
   d150   r
   k
  a100
  e
78 88   o
   N
   P
5.00%
50
0 0.00%
10 MHz 20 MHz 40 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 40 MHz

LTE NR
2x2 antenna configuration for all systems
 TDD Peak Rates (DL)

› 100 MHz, 77% DL (LTE TDD Conf 2)

› NR has 10-35% higher peak spectral efficiency

Peak Data Rate TDD NR spectral efficiency gain over LTE

4.0 40.00%
LTE NR 3.6
   ] 3.5 35.00%
  s
  p
   b3.0
   G
2.7    E30.00%
   S
   [
  e2.5    d25.00%
   t   e
1.6 1.8
  a
  r 2.0   z
   i
   l 20.00%
  a   a
   t   m
  a   r 15.00%
   d1.5   o
   k
  a1.0
  e
0.8 0.9    N10.00%

   P 5.00%
0.5
0.0 0.00%
2x2 4x4 8x8 2x2 4x4 8x8
Low band FDD Latency

› Significant reductions in RAN latency for both NR and LTE Rel-15

NR IUA + mini-slot 0.79

0.79 UL DL

NR IUA 3.2
3.2

NR 6.2
3.2

LTE Rel-15 sTTI 0.86

1

LTE Rel-14 IUA 4

4

LTE Baseline 8
4

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Mid band TDD Latency

› Significant reductions in RAN latency for both NR and LTE Rel-15

NR IUA + mini-slot 1.1

1.1 UL DL

NR IUA 2.1
2.1

NR 4.6
2.1

LTE Rel-15 sTTI 5

4

LTE Rel-14 IUA 7

6

LTE Baseline 18
6

0 5 10 15 20
Empty CELL - LTE vs NR
0.25

System Information (SIB): Sync Signal

0.2

NR:
   ] 0.15
   %
   [
   d
   a
   o
   l
   A
   P 0.1

NR:
0.05 PA on time ratio   5%
0
0 50 100 150 200
Time [ms]
0.25

0.2

 ]0.15
 [ %
 d
 a
 o
 l
 A
 P0.1

0.05

0.25
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0
Time[ms]

0.2

    ] 0.15
    %
    [
    d

LTE:
   a
   o
    l
    A
    P 0.1
LTE:
PA on time ratio   50%
0.05
Higher frequencies
› Quite crowded at 1-3 GHz
300 MHz 3 GHz 30 GHz 300 GHz
› Solution: Use higher frequency bands
 –  Beyond 6 GHz and up to mmW
› New problem: Higher path loss?
› Solution: Use beamforming

2.1GHz UE2
2.1GHz  C 
 e
 C   C  l    
l    
 e  e  e
l     l      d  
l    
 e l    
 e   g
 d    d    e
  g   g 1  
 e  e  & 
6,5GHz 2   UE2 1   2  
-- - 6,5GHz -
RBS -- UE1 RBS -- UE1&2 UE1
-
RBS
< 20% of area

100% of area
Same bit-rate Same bit-rate
london Macro 3.5GHz

› Macro network in London

 –  Macro network, ~400m ISD
 –  Digital 3D map
 –  Raytracing propagation model

› NR 40MHz TDD at 3.5GHz

 –  64T/64R base station antenna array
 –  TDD, DL:UL 3:1
 –  80W output power 

› High resolution 3D geo data including terrain, clutter and building info
› Ray-tracing propagation model
Site-specific and fully frequency dependent
 – 
london Macro 3.5GHz

› NR DL throughput unloaded
› Very good coverage
 –  Peak rate achievable outdoors
 –  > 30Mbps in 95% of indoor area
 NR 3.5GHz

london Macro 3.5GHz

› UL throughput unloaded
› Decent NR 3.5GHz coverage stand
alone but superior when combined
with LTE 800MHz

NR 3.5GHz+LTE 800MHz
NR@mmwave for offload and
peak rate
[Gbps]

› To show real NR performance in dense urban Low-loss

building
areas High-
loss
› Feasibility building
 –  Great outdoor coverage with NR mmwave, despite
reflections, diffractions, etc.
 –  Indoor coverage highly depends on building material
› Benefits
 –  Peak rate, low band offload
› Three key scenarios where 28GHz is very useful:
 –  Macro deployment with low band support
 –  Fixed wireless use case with advanced CPE
 –  Street level small cell deployment
Mbb-maCRO
scenario: gangnam

› Gangnam - dense urban hotspot

 –  ISD ~ 200m
 –  Digital 3D map
 –  Raytracing propagation model

› LTE 60MHz FDD at 2.6GHz

4x4 SU-MIMO
 – 

› NR 800MHz TDD at 28GHz

2x4 SU-MIMO
 – 

› High resolution 3D geo data including terrain, and building info

› Ray-tracing propagation model
 –  Site-specific and fully frequency dependent
NR 28GHZ, LTE 2600MHz, isd 200m
data usage: 5GB/month
25000 users/sq.mil e
40% market share

LTE only LTE + NR

Peak is
6Gpbs

No user gets 1Gbps 40% of t he users g et >1Gbps

59% of the DL traffic is carr ied by NR@28GHz

NR 28GHZ, LTE 2600MHz, isd 200m
data usage: 100GB/month

LTE only LTE + NR

Peak is
6Gpbs

5% of the u sers g et >100Mbps 95% of t he users get >100Mbps

cell edg e=0Mbps
Ericsson radio system
5G Plug-ins:
baseband Shorter TTI
Industry's first full Mixed Mode Baseband
Latency reduction

LTE FDD Massive IOT

NB / M1 / EC-GSM
LTE TDD
+E-Cpri
+Router 
+SYNC
WCDMA GSM
+5G Ready

 All simultaneously supported on one Baseband board

5G RAN commercial product plan
high level
2018 2019 2020

NR Radio
@39GHz  Additional frequency bands

NR Radio NR Radio NR Radios, 600,

@28GHz @4.5GHz 700, 900 MHz

NR Radio 3GPP NR
@3.4..3.8GHz NG HW

First 3GPP Full 3GPP Self- Start 3GPP

5G NR R15 NR SW R15 NR SW backhauling R16 NR SW

SA Op. 2 SA Op. 2
w/wo vPP w/wo vRAN

NSA Option 3x NSA Op. 3x NSA Op. 3x NSA Op. 7

w/wo vPP w/wo vRAN and/or Op. 4

Indoor: 5G
DOT @ 3.5GHz
5G RAN product plan
beyond 2019
2020 2021 2022+

Massive MIMO Massive MIMO

NR@24-27GHz NR@60+GHz

Optimized
Indoor solutions Indoor solutions
for mmWave

Massive IoT Critical IoT

NR Optimized
HW (Gen4>?)
5G NR

First 3GPP Full 3GPP

NR SW rel16 NR SW rel16

NSA Option 7
and/or Option 4
5G DEVICE Roadmap
1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H 1H 2H
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

39GHz

28GHz

4.5GHz

3.5GHz
ASIC TRIAL DEVICE

600MHz
700MHz
900MHz

Single Band Device Multiband Devices

FPGA Pre 3GPP spec test start
Non Optimized solutions Optimized Multimode Solutions
FPGA 3GPP tracking test start
 ASIC 3GPP spec test start Non Stand Alone 3X
 NR Physical Layer 
User #2 scheduled
 Δf=15, 30, 60 kHz
User #1 scheduled
›  Adaptive OFDM and OFDMA User #3
Channel-dependent scheduling and link
 –  scheduled
adaptation in time and frequency
Flexible numerology (15, 30, 60… kHz)
7 or 14 OFDM symbols per slot
 – 
frequency y kHz

› Multi-Antennas, both RBS and terminal

 – Massive MIMO, antenna beams, TX- and RX diversity, interference rejection
 – High bit rates and high capacity
 – Increased coverage TX
RX
 – Energy efficiency

› Flexible bandwidth
 – Possible to deploy different bandwidths …
up to hundreds of MHz
5 10 15 20 MHz ~100 MHz

› Harmonized FDD and TDD concept

Maximum commonality between FDD and TDD
 – 

FDD-only Half -duplex FDD TDD-only DynamicTDD

Dynamic TDD
 – 
f DL f DL f DL/UL
 5G RAN Requirements (38.913)
Performance Measure Requirement Performance Measure Requirement
Peak data rate DL: [20 Gbps] UL: [10 Gbps] Ue Battery life 10-15 years
Peak spectral efficiency DL: [30 bps/Hz] UL: [15 bps/Hz] UE energy efficiency Inspection (Qualitative)
Spectrum Scalability Yes Cell/Tx Point/TRP sp. Eff. 3xIMT-A requirement
Bandwidth Reference to IMT-2020  Area traffic capacity 10Mbps/m2 [ITU]
Bandwidth Scalability Yes TRP spectral efficiency [3x IMT-A requirement]
Control plane latency [10 ms] User experienced data rate 100/50 Mbps DL/UL [ITU]
UP latency URLLC, one-way [0,5 ms] User sp. eff. at 5% percentile [3x cell edge IMT-A requirement]
UP latency eMBB, one way [4ms] Connection density [1,000,000 devices/Km2]
Latency for infrequent small packets 10s / 20byte packet NW energy efficiency Qualitative & Quantitative KPI
Mobility interruption time (intra-syst.) [0 ms] eMBB Extreme coverage 140/143 dB loss MaxCL (2/1(DL))
Mobility Up to 500 km/h IoT Coverage MCL [164dB] for [160bps]
Inter-system mobility Yes Support of wide range of services Yes
Reliability [1-10-5] in [1ms]
 5G RAN Requirements (38.913)
Performance Measure Requirement Performance Measure Requirement
Peak data rate DL: [20 Gbps] UL: [10 Gbps] Ue Battery life 10-15 years
Peak spectral efficiency DL: [30 bps/Hz] UL: [15 bps/Hz] UE energy efficiency Inspection (Qualitative)
Spectrum Scalability Yes Cell/Tx Point/TRP sp. Eff. 3xIMT-A requirement
Bandwidth Reference to IMT-2020  Area traffic capacity 10Mbps/m2 [ITU]
Bandwidth Scalability Yes TRP spectral efficiency [3x IMT-A requirement]
Control plane latency [10 ms] User experienced data rate 100/50 Mbps DL/UL [ITU]
UP latency URLLC, one-way [0,5 ms] User sp. eff. at 5% percentile [3x cell edge IMT-A requirement]
UP latency eMBB, one way [4ms] Connection density [1,000,000 devices/Km2]
Latency for infrequent small packets 10s / 20byte packet NW energy efficiency Qualitative & Quantitative KPI
Mobility interruption time (intra-syst.) [0 ms] eMBB Extreme coverage 140/143 dB loss MaxCL
Mobility Up to 500 km/h IoT Coverage MCL [164dB]
Inter-system mobility Yes Support of wide range of services Yes
Reliability [1-10-5] in [1ms]

Important for FWA & eMBB

• DL Peak data rate, CP/UP eMBB latency, etc
 5G RAN Requirements (38.913)
Performance Measure Requirement Performance Measure Requirement
Peak data rate DL: [20 Gbps] UL: [10 Gbps] Ue Battery life 10-15 years
Peak spectral efficiency DL: [30 bps/Hz] UL: [15 bps/Hz] UE energy efficiency Inspection (Qualitative)
Spectrum Scalability Yes Cell/Tx Point/TRP sp. Eff. 3xIMT-A requirement
Bandwidth Reference to IMT-2020  Area traffic capacity 10Mbps/m2 [ITU]
Bandwidth Scalability Yes TRP spectral efficiency [3x IMT-A requirement]
Control plane latency [10 ms] User experienced data rate 100/50 Mbps DL/UL [ITU]
UP latency URLLC, one-way [0,5 ms] User sp. eff. at 5% percentile [3x cell edge IMT-A requirement]
UP latency eMBB, one way [4ms] Connection density [1,000,000 devices/Km2]
Latency for infrequent small packets 10s / 20byte packet NW energy efficiency Qualitative & Quantitative KPI
Mobility interruption time (intra-syst.) [0 ms] eMBB Extreme coverage 140/143 dB loss MaxCL
Mobility Up to 500 km/h IoT Coverage MCL [164dB]
Inter-system mobility Yes Support of wide range of services Yes
Reliability [1-10-5] in [1ms]

Important for future IOT

• NGMN requirements type (like combinations of the above for possible future services) are pending durring the 3GPP
R15/16 WI‘s
Classical Antennas

› A classical antenna consists of › Weighting of subelements shapes a beam

› Two TXRUs (antenna ports) per column
subelements
Beam shape fixed vertically
 – 

one column
 –  Beam shape adaptable horizontally
subelement
weights

w1

PA w4
antenna
ports
PA w5

w8
Note: Special case of only
one column shown
Active antenna system
Maximum flexibility case
Note: Special case of only
one column shown
› One TXRUs (small PA / receiver) per element
(or per sub-array)
w1 PA
PA
  s
› Baseband has access to each element/sub-array    t
  r
  o
PA
  p w4 PA
  a
  n
  n
  e
   t w5 PA
›  Adaptable & flexible weighting   n
  a
PA
Horizontal and vertical
 –  PA
w8 PA

What is new?

Increased opportunities to adapt the weights!

Beamforming as such is not a distinguishing factor for active antennas

Functional Split For LTE/NX
With NX on different grid

De-centralized PDCP

RRC
PDCP
RLC
MAC
RLC
PHY
MAC
PHY

LTE-E NX (separate)
Functional split For LTE/NX
With NX on different grid

De-centralized PDCP C-RAN

Centralized
or D-RAN PDCP

RRC
PDCP

RRC
PDCP
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
RLC RLC
PHY PHY
MAC MAC
PHY PHY

LTE-E NX (separate) LTE-E NX (separate)

4G-5G Interworking

Core network

S1/X2 S1/X2
L3-C L3-C
PDCP PDCP

S1/X2
L3-C
PDCP RLC RLC RLC
UPC UPC UPC
RLC MAC MAC MAC
UPC
MAC PHY PHY-C PHY PHY-C PHY PHY-C
PHY PHY-C Interworking
BF BF BF BF BF BF

Current BF and PDCP split 4G-5G Interworking with Common PDCP

PPF and RCF ON COTS

› RCF will run as a VNF

› PPF will run as a VNF
 –  VNF (server look-aside ciphering HW)
 –  VNF with more of the packet processing
accelerated In a smart NIC

› Smart Network Interface Card (NIC)

with PPF acceleration

VRAN is compatible with DRAN/CRAN/ERAN

VRAN deployment on controller site or EPC site
5G technology brings the
capability to efficiently
address multiple
industries simultaneously