NPD RF Journal No.2 VoLTE

Security Level:
NPD RF 期刊
VoLTE 专刊（ 3 月上）
www.huawei.com
Author/ Email: CuiYufei/00281823

Version: V1.1(28 March 2015)
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Concept
What is VoLTE? The reason why the operator need VoLTE

On the early stage of LTE network deployment, the operators
VoLTE is the voice communication between haven’t implemented IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), they
UE and IMS, and the voice is carried on PS usually take CSFB as transitional voice solution. After the IMS
domain. implementation, they will move to the final Voice Solution as
VoLTE.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 2

4G Voice Evolution
a  Three Stage of 4G Voice Evolution ：
CS is on 2G/3G, PS is On LTE CS fall back to 2/3G, PS is on LTE as first priority. Both CS and PS are on LTE. When UE move out of LTE Coverage, it will
handover to 2/3G through SRVCC or PS
b  Advantage on VoLTE Solution
SVLTE CSFB VoLTE
Voice Quality 2/3G Voice Quality 2/3G Voice Quality HD Voice Quality
Access Time Short (5~6S) Long (8S) Shorter (0.5~2S)
UE Power Consumption High High Low
Spectrum Effieiency Low Low High (4 Time)

Global Project Distribution
Huawei's VoLTE solution deployed on globally with good clients satisfaction.
2012 ： South Korea LGU+ commercialized 06/2015: China Mobile plans to deploy VoLTE on
FDD TDD National wide;
05/2014 ： Hong Kong PCCW
Commercialized 12/2014 ： China Mobile (Hangzhou)
announced to commercialize the VoLTE
03/2015: China Mobile (Shenzhen & Shanghai)
is on the way
UK VDF&EE Denmark TDC
China Mobile Korea LGU+

(Shanghai)
Kuwait VIVA
German VDF D2 China Mobile
Canada Rogers (Hangzhou) Japan SBM
China Mobile
Saudi Arabia (Shenzhen)
Mobily
&STC Hong Kong
PCCW&HUT
Omantel
Emirates ET
Thailand TDG
Commercialized To Be Commercialized Trial

*The data was based on 01/03/2015 VoLTE Project Data

Application Result
 Huawei’s VoLTE solution help the client on the network performance
improvement, and deployed on our global clients with good satisfaction
The global first VoLTE deployment on country K (Project L), due to they took Huawei’s VoLTE
a solution, the acceptance KPI was much better compared with other vendors solutions.
KPI Huawei Vendor E Vendor N Vendor S
Call Setup Successful

Rate
99.87% 99.70% 99.70% 99.60%
Call Drop Rate 0% 1% 1% 0%
Call Setup Delay 2.06S 2.84S 2.9S 3S
The first VoLTE service on the region H (Project P), due to the client took Huawei’s VoLTE
b solution; the deployment time was only 8 months with excellent voice quality. The MOS on
the demon test is 4.2.

Key Technology – Capacity Improvement
a  Half Static Scheduling c  Dynamic Scheduling

based on the time delay
Save PDCCH resource ， improve the capacity In order to improve all end-user
satisfaction on the voice quality, reduce
Switch off the Half Static Scheduling Switch on the Half Static Scheduling the scheduling priority for the
surrounding UE, increase the
scheduling priority for the far away UE.
 RoHC
b Compress the overhead of the voice package before
transmission on the air interface, so that it saves the air
interface resource and improve the capacity.

Key Technology – Cell Edge Coverage Improvement
a  TTI Bundling
Focused on the coverage edge UE, transmit the same data on the continuous 4 TTI to improve the
reliability for the edge UE.
OFF
ON OFF
ON
 RoHC
b Reduce the size of the voice package from 60-80 bytes to 21-41 bytes, it will satisfy the
transmission requirements on the cell edge, even if it is on the lower throughput condition.
OFF ON
Original Message Compressed Message

Key Technology– UE Power Saving & Mobility Management
a  UE Power Saving
Once DRX switch on, the UE will become dormancy status when UE doesn’t transmit the data.
b  Mobility Management
When the UE handover to 2/3G, voice will be carried on CS domain through SRVCC; the data service
will be carried on the PS domain through PS handover.

VoLTE Planning
 VoLTE planning, including the evaluation on the coverage, capacity and hardware
capability.
 Feature switch on ？  Product satisfied ？

 Mobility parameters ？  Tx resource satisfied ？
Parameters Hardware
Capability
Neighboring &
Feature VoLTE Planning Inter-RAT operation
Evaluation
 Determine which  ConfigureL2G 、 L2U Neighboring ？
features have to switch  eSRVCC and return Strategy?
on
Coverage Capacity
 Could VoLTE have continuous coverage ？  Determine whether the network could
meet VoLTE capacity requirements?

VoLTE Planning – 3 Stages on the coverage planning
Confirm the Evaluate Optimize

standard of VoLTE VoLTE
VoLTE continuous Coverage
Coverage Coverage
 Final  Final Confirmation:  Final

confirmation: whether the Confirmation:
RSRP and SINR existing coverage Optimization
baseline
 Factor meet VoLTE
continuous
proposal;
consideration:
coverage  Manual
VoLTE voice
codec, throughput requirement; method:
on the cell edge,  Existing Network Traditional RF
loading on the Evaluation: based Optimization
adjacent cells, on the DT data  Automatic
operation  Tools : Assistant,
Optimization :
frequency band, Mapinfo;
 New Build take ACP
VoLTE
 enhancement Network: based on function on
Tool ： RND
features; the simulation data the U-Net
 Tools: U-Net

VoLTE Plan – Key Points on the coverage plan
D Band F Band
 Confirm the Coverage Standard Scenario Service Type
a 1. Due to the parameter AMR12.2K/
RSRP(dBm) RS-SINR(dB) RSRP(dBm) RS-SINR(dB)
-116 -6.9 -116 -6.9

12.65K
configuration variety on FDD Dense Urban AMR23.85 -114 -5.5 -114 -5.5
and TDD globally, there is no a Thin Coverage
Video192kbps -110 -0.9 -110 -0.9
standard setting; you have to video384kbs -107 1.5 -107 1.7
customize the setting locally. AMR12.2K/
-104 -7 -108 -6.9
12.65K
2. Please find an example of the Dense Urban
Deep AMR23.85 -102 -5.5 -106 -5.5
coverage standard as right chart. Coverage Video192kbps -98 -1 -102 -0.9
Video384kbs -95 1.5 -99 1.7
 Simulate VoLTE Coverage Coverage comparison at difference technologies Voice on the Dense Urban
b
1. The coverage of VoLTE depends
on the frequency band,
throughput, enhancement
feature, etc;
2. Please find the comparison
result based on the difference
voice codec at the Dense Urban
(Lab simulation data, reference
only)

VoLTE Plan – 4 Stages on the Capacity Plan
VoLTE VoLTE VoLTE Existing

Capacity Capacity Capacity Network
Evaluation Simulation Optimization Impact
Analysis
 Final  Final  Final  Final confirmation:

Confirmation: Confirmation: Confirmation: analyze the impact
Average no of UE max UE within capacity on the existing
per cell the network improvement network after the
 Factor capacity proposal VoLTE switch on;
consideration:  Factor  Manually  Factor
VoLTE codec, consideration: method: consideration:
Scheduling site & traffic traditional RF evaluate UL
algorithm, distribution and optimization interference and
enhancement VoLTE codec;  Automatically existing network
features  Tools: U-Net Optimization: throughput impact
 Tools: RND – take ASP due to VoLTE user
VoLTE capacity function on increase;
and hybrid the U-Net;  Only provide the
capacity simulation data
evaluation

VoLTE Plan – Cooperation plan
 Interoperation planning
a VoLTE interoperation include 4 part
Adjacent Cell Frequency Plan Neighboring Plan Feature application strategy Plan
Frequency Plan Multi-band & tech priority plan Idle status strategy Plann Connection Status strategy
Plan
Cooperation strategy plan on the region without VoLTE Parameter configuration PDCP Parameter plan
strategy Plan
Inter-RAT (Layer) strategy plan TAC QCI Handover Parameter Plan
 Ripe Feature Application

b The strategy on the feature application is an importance part on the VoLTE cooperation with 2/3G. Please
note that there is strong relationship between the feature and the system version, find the example as below
table for eRAN8.1 (reference only)
Idle Status Connection Status

Scenario Version Status Scenario Version Status
LTE->UMTS eSRVCC Handover

LTE->UMTS Re-selection Commercial Version Commercial Version
LTE->GSM Re-selection Commercial Version SRVCC Flexible Layers Pre-Commercial Version
UMTS->LTE Re-selection Commercial Version LTE->GSM eSRVCC Recommended (China Mobile)
Commercial Version(NC0)
GSM->LTE RE-selection No Recommended(eNC2)
UMTS ->LTE Re-direction Commercial Version
LTE inter frequency re-selection Commercial Version UMTS->LTE FR Commercial Version
- - GSM->LTE FR Conditional Commercial Version

VoLTE Plan – Feature Deployment and Parameter Plan
 Feature Deployment
a Feature deployment plan is not an isolation
plan, it depends on the difference solution to VoLTE Basic solution plan Congestion Control
set a serial features.
Carrier Power
Voice Codec Voice Strategy management Control
VoLTE Enhancement Solution Plan UE Power Saving
Capacity Coverage
Voice Quality Improvement
Improvement Improvement
VoLTE Voice quality Monitoring Solution Plan
Voice Quality Monitoring

VQM Voice Problem Demarcation
b  Parameter Plan
Please plan difference set of Parameter based on the difference the solution, and refer to the
relevance version VoLTE baseline parameter for the detail setting.

VoLTE Plan – Product Specification and Transmission Resource Evaluation
 VoLTE Product Specification Evaluation  Max no of users which
a 1.
2.
Main Control Broad
Baseband Broad
support by baseband
(please refer to 3MS)
3. Software Version  Generally don’t consider the
max no of user which
support by the main control
 RND evaluate the
Tx and Bandwidth broad;
throughput on S1 and X2
 The software version may
interface Resource also impact on the max no
 Have to conduct the final Evaluation of users
evaluation on the
existing and new VoLTE
bandwidth requirements
 The tools doesn’t
support the evaluation
directly.
 VoLTE Bandwidth Requirement Evaluation
b There is no tool support the automatically bandwidth requirement evaluation, we only could
conduct the single site evaluation. Please find an example as below:
Singe site busy hour Erl Tx Bandwidth occupation per

Voice Codec throughput Tx occupation per service
prediction site
AMR-NB 12.2kbps 22.9kbps 15 0.79Mbps
AMR-WB 12.65kbps 23.1kbps 5
AMR-WB 23.85kbps 29.7kbps -
Video (384kbps) 384kbps 416kbps 0.8

VoLTE Optimization
 VoLTE Optimization 3 parts

1. VoLTE Test, mainly focus on the
voice quality and access delay;
2. KPI monitoring, mainly focus on VoLTE Test
the new VoLTE KPI and their
maintenance;
3. Problem Analysis and process,
mainly focus on the problem KPI Monitoring
demarcation and take difference VoLTE
optimization method to fix up the Optimization
problems.
Delay
Access Problem Analysis
and Processing
Drop 6 Category SRVCC
Call Problems
Voice Complaining
Quality Support

VoLTE Optimization – VoLTE Test
 VoLTE delay is including of call setup delay, E2E delay, HO delay, HO interruption delay;
 VoLTE test mainly focus on the VoLTE call setup delay
VoLTE Call setup delay cause factor 1: configure either early or later rings
a
Ring Type Access Delay Bearer Relevance Risk
Early Ringing Short （ 0.5~1.5S ） Reply 180 Ring message first, then setup QCI1 Bearer Ghost / Fake Ring
Later Ringing Long （ 0.7~1.8S ） Setup QCI1 Bearer first, then reply 180 Ring message Long Access Time
b VoLTE Call setup delay cause factor 2: status of VoLTE call at incoming / Out-going
2000
1800 1718.8 1705.2
1600 1446.8
1400
1197.4
1200
1000 Early Ringing
802.4
800 684.2 Later Ringing
600 520.4 548.8
400
200
0
Both two UE on the Out-Going (Connect), Out-Going (Idle), Both two UE on the
Connect mode Incoming (Idle) Incoming (Connect) Idle mode

VoLTE Optimization – VoLTE Test
 The voice quality evaluation is the importance part on the VoLTE test
1. Compared with traditional voice quality, VoLTE voice quality easily influence by the network quality
a •
•
Directly influence factors: Packet Loss, Delay and Jitter;
Indirectly influence factors: Coverage, Interference, Handover, Transmission, Algorithm, etc;
2. On the moment, take MOS to determine VoLTE voice quality, the algorithm takes POLQA
MOS Result
5 Excellent
4 Good
3 Accept
2 Poor
1 Bad
The Voice Box conducts the MOS recording and

b analysis
1. Purpose: Evaluate the voice quality
2. Operation Method: the voice box will
provide the standard voice to the Tx UE, Compare the Hello! >>>>>> Helle!
differential and
and record the Rx UE voice, then compare estimate MOS Marks Holle! <<<<<< Helle!
these two voice and estimate the marks

VoLTE Optimization – KPI Monitoring
 In order to monitor the VoLTE performance on the multiple dimension, such as
access, resource occupation and voice quality, it introduces the more relevance
counts on the area of VoLTE functional , traffic and feature.
Carrier setup successful rate VoLTE Drop Call Rate

VoLTE
HO & HO preparation successful
Functional Rate Time Delay
Relevance
Counter Voice Quality Packet Loss
VoLTE
Traffic Average time per retainable call Throughput
Relevance
Counter No of VoLTE User No of PRB occupation by VoLTE
Users
VoLTE SPS relevance Counter RoHC relevance Counter

Feature
Relevance
TTI Bundling relevance Counter
Counter

VoLTE Optimization – Problem Analysis
 The VoLTE voice solution is not only on the 2/3G voice access, drop call and handover
issues, it also introduce the voice quality, delay and inter-RAT handover issues.
Delay Problem Access Problem

Reference: LTE X Action – paging and
Reference: LTE X Action – PS
access Optimization
Optimization
Tool ： FMA/ wireshark Tool ： FMA/OMStar
VIP & Complaining Support HO & Drop call Problem

VoLTE Reference: LTE X Action – Handover
Reference: VIP & Complaining support
package Guideline Problem and drop call Optimization
Tool ： Nastar Analysis Tool ： FMA/OMStar
Voice Quality Problem eSRVCC

Reference: LTE X Action – Voice Quality Reference: SRVCC Commercial Feature
Optiization Guideline
Tool ： FMA/OMStar Tool ： FMA/OMStar

VoLTE Optimization – Differential between VoLTE and PS Service
 Due to the character of VoLTE service, there is some differential with the
character of PS service.
VoLTE Difference
PS Service
between
Service
1. Relative with SIP signaling, there are huge impact on the
weak coverage and frequently handover, thus it require 1. Irrelative with SIP signaling;
the great network performance before VoLTE 2. Generally, it is irrelative with QCI1 and QCI5
implements; bearers;
2. Due to complex system setup, including multiple 3. Most of PS service are released due to
transmission NE and large size of SIP message, it easily deactivation timer is time out;
introduce the packet loss, and hard identify the problem 4. Generally, the PS service depends on the traffic
from eNodeB side; model;
3. Due to there may be some conflict on QCI1 bearer and 5. Multiple service types, including small and large
other bearers, it will cause abnormal performance on packet;
VoLTE. Normally, QCI1 and QCI5 are configured 6. The default drop packet timer is unlimited;
separately; 7. No matter the RRC release process is failure or
4. Generally, VoLTE is not released even if the deactivation successful, it always count as normal release
timer is time out;
5. Generally VoLTE service retain a long period;
6. Small packet service, same bandwidth requirement on
UL and DL, no data transmit during the silence period;
7. Real-time service, it will drop the packet once the drop
packet timer is time out;
8. QCI1 will be released when RRC reconfigure; VoLTE
consider the drop call when the reconfiguration is
failure;
VoLTE Optimization – Differential between VoLTE and PS Service
 Due to the difference service character between VoLTE and PS Service, of course, their
optimization methods are difference.
Difference
VoLTE between PS Service
optimization
1. Have to accurately configure the Inter-RAT
neighboring: Impact the HO successful rate 1. Only have to configure the frequency of other
systems (layer): On CSFB, we don’t have to
on eSRVCC; configure other system (layer) neighboring in
2. Accurately optimize the threshold of inter- details;
RAT cooperation based on difference 2. Set the standard threshold of the inter-RAT
scenario: the trigger is based on the cooperation on the network wide: normally it is
measurement; based on re-direction and blind handover, it is
3. Have to accurately configure 4G neighboring: insensitive on the lost connection to other
systems (Layers);
Missing neighboring will introduce huge 3. Try to avoid on the 4G missing neighboring
impact on time delay, jitter and packet loss configuration: no obviously performance
for VoLTE; impact on the missing neighboring
4. Tightly control UL interference: Service configuration;
impact obviously due to UL interference; 4. Try to optimize the UL interference: Less impact
5. Tightly control frequently handover: on the performance from the UL interference;
5. Try to avoid the frequently handover: Less
Frequently handover may cause SIP loss, impact the performance from the frequently
VoLTE call setup failure, drop call, etc; handover;

VoLTE Documentation, Experts and Training
 VoLTE relevance documents, including sale support, implementation, planning and optimizations
a Material Sub-
Service Scenario Material Name and Web Link
Category
Customer Customer
Presentation Presentation RF Network Planning and Optimization Service V100R006 Customer Presentation(VOL
TE)
Dimension and RF Dimension and
Costing guide Costing guide RF Network Planning and Optimization Service V100R006 Cost Estimation Tool(VoLTE)
RF Network Planning and Optimization Service V100R006 Service Proposal（VoLTE
Service Proposal RF Service Proposal
）
RF Sales Guide RF Sales Guide RF Network Planning and Optimization Service V100R006 Sales Guide (VOLTE)
RF Technical Guide RF Network Planning and Optimization Service V100R006 VoLTE

Planning and Design Guide
RF Technical Guide RF Network Planning and Optimization Service V100R006 FDD VoLTE
Solution Engineering Guide(eRAN8.1)
Technical Guide
Interoperation Policy Guide

 Any question about VoLTE,TestPlease consult
and Evaluation Guide with VoLTE Experts.
b  Any bottleneck on VoLTE knowledge, please contact training interface.
VoLTE Contact List
Huang Chaoping
VoLTE Experts Jin Yu/00114921 Chu Xinpu/00124891 Cui Yufei/00281823 Xie Qinghe/00283346
/00231870
VoLTE Training
Luo Yu/00168263
Interface

List of Acronyms
List of Acronyms
VoLE Voice Over LTE SVLTE Simultaneous Voice and LTE
CSFB CS Fallback IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
SPS Semi-Persistent Scheduling RoHC Robust Header Compression
TTI Transmission Time Interval VQM Voice Quality Monitor
AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate QCI QoS Class Indicator
SIP Session Initial Protocol

Perceptual Objective Listening
POLQA
Quality Analysis
SRVCC Single Radio Voice Call Continuity
NPD RF Forums:
http://3ms.huawei.com/hi/group/1001923
Contact Us:
If you have any suggestion and comments, please contact Mr. Yufei Cui (00281823,
Cuiyufei@huawei.com) Thanks!!

Thank you
www.huawei.com
Copyright©2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements
regarding the future financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number
of factors that could cause actual results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the
predictive statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an
offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.

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Author/ Email: CuiYufei/00281823

What is VoLTE? The reason why the operator need VoLTE

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 2

a  Three Stage of 4G Voice Evolution ：

b  Advantage on VoLTE Solution

SVLTE CSFB VoLTE

Access Time Short (5~6S) Long (8S) Shorter (0.5~2S)

UE Power Consumption High High Low

Spectrum Effieiency Low Low High (4 Time)

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 3

China Mobile Korea LGU+

Commercialized To Be Commercialized Trial

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 4

KPI Huawei Vendor E Vendor N Vendor S

Call Setup Successful

Call Drop Rate 0% 1% 1% 0%

Call Setup Delay 2.06S 2.84S 2.9S 3S

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 5

a  Half Static Scheduling c  Dynamic Scheduling

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 6

Original Message Compressed Message

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 7

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 8

 Feature switch on ？  Product satisfied ？

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 9

Confirm the Evaluate Optimize

 Final  Final Confirmation:  Final

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 10

-116 -6.9 -116 -6.9

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 11

VoLTE VoLTE VoLTE Existing

 Final  Final  Final  Final confirmation:

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 12

Inter-RAT (Layer) strategy plan TAC QCI Handover Parameter Plan

 Ripe Feature Application

Idle Status Connection Status

LTE->UMTS eSRVCC Handover

LTE->GSM Re-selection Commercial Version SRVCC Flexible Layers Pre-Commercial Version

UMTS->LTE Re-selection Commercial Version LTE->GSM eSRVCC Recommended (China Mobile)

LTE inter frequency re-selection Commercial Version UMTS->LTE FR Commercial Version

- - GSM->LTE FR Conditional Commercial Version

VoLTE Enhancement Solution Plan UE Power Saving

VoLTE Voice quality Monitoring Solution Plan

Voice Quality Monitoring

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 14

Singe site busy hour Erl Tx Bandwidth occupation per

AMR-NB 12.2kbps 22.9kbps 15 0.79Mbps

AMR-WB 12.65kbps 23.1kbps 5

AMR-WB 23.85kbps 29.7kbps -

Video (384kbps) 384kbps 416kbps 0.8

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 15

 VoLTE Optimization 3 parts

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 16

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 17

The Voice Box conducts the MOS recording and

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 18

Carrier setup successful rate VoLTE Drop Call Rate

VoLTE SPS relevance Counter RoHC relevance Counter

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential 19

Delay Problem Access Problem

Tool ： FMA/ wireshark Tool ： FMA/OMStar

VIP & Complaining Support HO & Drop call Problem