Aviation Legislation (AV - LEG)

AVIATION LEGISLATION
(TRAINING NOTES)
AVIATION LEGISLATION FOR TRAINING PURPOSE ONLY
ANO Part M SUBPART F MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION ................................. 76

Contents 4 Air Operations ............................................................................................ 78
1 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK .................................................................. 2
4.1 Commercial Air Transport/Commercial Operations Air Operators Certificate
1.1 Role of International Civil Aviation Organization ..................................... 2 (AOC) .................................................................................................................. 78
1.2 Role of the European Commission. .......................................................... 6 4.2 Operators Responsibility in particular regarding Continuing
1.2.2 European Union Policy ................................................................................ 6 Airworthiness & Maintenance ........................................................................... 79
1.3 Role of the Pakistan CAA & General Understanding of Civil Aviation 4.3 Aircraft Maintenance Program .............................................................. 80
Regulations: ......................................................................................................... 7 4.4 Master minimum Equipment List .......................................................... 81
1.4 Pakistan National Aviation Policy........................................................... 11 4.5 DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED ................................................................ 82
1.5 Civil Aviation Rules of 1994 .................................................................... 13 4.6 Aircraft Placarding (Markings) ............................................................... 83
1.5.4 Air Navigation Orders:............................................................................... 28 5. Certification of aircraft, parts and appliances ...................................... 84
1.5.5 Airworthiness Notices: (AWNOTs) ............................................................ 28 5.1 Certification Specifications .................................................................... 84
1.5.6 PCAA Policy Letters ................................................................................... 29 (European Aviation Certification Standards EACS or CS) ................................... 84
1.6 THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY .................... 29 5.2 Certificate of Airworthiness ................................................................... 92
1.7 Relationship between Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and 5.3 Restricted Certificate of Airworthiness: ................................................. 97
EU-OPS ............................................................................................................... 34
5.4 Certificate of Registration ...................................................................... 98
1.8 The Relationship between EASA and Other Aviation Authorities ......... 35
5.5 Aircraft Noise Certificate........................................................................ 99
2 Certifying Staff - Maintenance ..................................................................... 36
5.6 Weight Schedule .................................................................................. 102
Detailed Understanding of ANO 066 ................................................................. 36
5.7 Radio Station License and Approval..................................................... 103
REGULATIONS .................................................................................................... 37
6 Continuing Airworthiness .......................................................................... 104
EASA Part 66 .................................................................................................. 51
6.1 Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to Continuing
3 Approved Maintenance Organization........................................................... 57 Airworthiness ................................................................................................... 104
Detailed Understanding of ANO-145 ................................................................. 57 6.2 EASA Part M ............................................................................................... 106
Detailed understanding of EASA Part 145 ......................................................... 67 6.3 ANO Part M .......................................................................................... 115
EASA Part M SUBPART F MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION................................. 75 7 Applicable National and International Requirements For: .......................... 125
DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb. 2018 REV: 00 Page i

7.1 Aircraft Maintenance Program ............................................................ 125

7.1.1 Maintenance Checks & Inspections .................................................... 125
7.2 Airworthiness Directives ...................................................................... 126
7.2.3 Service Bulletin.................................................................................... 127
7.2.4 Manufacturers Service Information .................................................... 127
7.3 Modifications & Repairs ....................................................................... 128
7.4 Maintenance Documentation .............................................................. 129
7.4.1 Maintenance Manual .......................................................................... 129
7.4.2 Structural Repair Manual .................................................................... 129
7.4.3 Illustrated Parts Catalogue .................................................................. 129
7.4.4 Overhaul Manual ................................................................................ 129
7.4.5 Wiring Diagram Manual ...................................................................... 129
7.5 Master minimum Equipment List ........................................................ 130
7.5.1 Minimum Equipment List .................................................................... 130
7.5.2 Dispatch Deviation List/DDPG ............................................................. 131
7.6 Continuing Airworthiness .................................................................... 132
7.6.1 Test Flight ............................................................................................ 132
7.7 ETOPS ................................................................................................... 132
7.7.1 Maintenance and Dispatch Requirements.......................................... 133
7.8 All Weather Operations, Category 2/3 operations & minimum
Equipment Requirements ................................................................................ 134
DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page ii

HISTORY OF AIRPLANES Rules and regulations

Rules and regulations were worked out for the following reasons:
Human Dream to fly comes true
1) Protection of people on the ground
For thousands of years, people dreamed to fly in the air like birds do. Some even 2) Protection of passengers and cargo
tried to fly by tying feathers to their arms and flapping them in air but in vain and 3) Protection of cockpit and cabin crew
had to face fatal consequences. 4) Standardization of activities within the civil aviation industry world wide
Most of them thought that flying was beyond the powers of ordinary people. Some 5) Ensure safe, airworthy and reliable civil aircraft operation
narrated stories of godlike people, who could fly or be carried by winged animals
through the air. The ancient Greek believed in a story about “Daedal us” and his
son “Lcarus”, both of whom flew with wings made of feathers and wax. But
“Lcarus” flew too close to the sun, and the solar heat melted his wings and he fell
into the sea and drowned.
HISTORY of AVIATION LEGISLATION
Aviation Legislation
It is the term used to define the process through which laws relating to all areas of
the civil aviation industry are brought into force.
Need for Aviation Legislation

It already became clear in the early years of the civil aviation industry that
transportation of passengers and goods with aircraft always involve a certain
amount of risk and danger inherent in aviation. Therefore local and later on
international lawmaking was inevitable and problems faced by the world wide
expanding civil aviation demanded the need for generally accepted standards of
safety to be recognized and enforced.
Airlines throughout the world have strong incentives to maintain high standards of
safety. Loss of passenger and cargo trade and increase in insurance rates that nay
airline which compromises on safety standards has little chances of survival
DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 1 of 135

1 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 9) In 1945, International Air Transport Association (IATA) was created by an
1.1 Role of International Civil Aviation Organization act of Canadian Parliament and replaces International Air Traffic
Association.
1.1.1 Introduction and History of ICAO
1) In 1889, First International Conference was held in Paris to establish 10) The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency
some generally accepted form of Air Law. of the United Nations, was created with the signing in Chicago, on 7th
December 1944, of the Convention on International Civil Aviation.
2) No real progress till First World War.
11) ICAO is the permanent body and formed in April 1947 and is charged with
3) In 1914 UK, Aeronautical Inspection Directorate (AID) was formed to
the administration of the principles laid out in the Convention. Chicago
ensure high standards of inspection throughout Aircraft industry.
convention is the constitution of ICAO.
4) In 1918 UK, Air Ministry was formed and control of AID was transferred
12) Currently there are 190 contracting states out of 192 UN member states
to this Ministry.
( two remaining UN member states which are not ICAO member states
5) In 1919, International Convention for Aerial Navigation (ICAN) took place include Liechtenstein and Tuvalu)
in Paris, which made a number of definitions and classifications like
13) PCAA is a member of ICAO
Private & state Aircraft.
14) ICAO works in close co-operation with other members of the United
6) In 1919, Air operator on realizing international cooperation established
Nations family such as
International Air Traffic Association.
a) the World Meteorological Organization,
7) In 1929, International Conference on private air law was held commonly
b) the International Telecommunication Union,
known as Warsaw Convention overcoming the difficulties of selecting
c) the Universal Postal Union,
the law of which nation would be applicable in a given set of
d) the World Health Organization and
circumstances.
e) The International Maritime Organization.
8) In November 1944, 52 nations sent representative to an International 15) Non-governmental organizations which also participate in ICAO's work
Civil aviation convention at Chicago. In this convention principles and include
arrangements were setup on International air rights. Pending ratification a) the International Air Transport Association,
of the convention by 26 states, the Provisional International Civil aviation b) the Airports Council International,
Organization (PICAO) was established. It functioned from 6 June 1945 c) the International Federation of Air Line Pilots' Associations,
until 4 April 1947. d) The International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations.
16) Currently there are 192 UN member states

1.1.2 The Chicago Convention 11. The Convention accepts the principle that every State has complete and
exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory and provides
1. The Second World War was a powerful catalyst for the technical
that no scheduled international air service may operate over or into the
development of the aero plane.
territory of a Contracting State without its previous consent.
2. At that time, a vast network of passenger and freight carriage was set up,
but in order for air transport to support and benefit a world at peace, 1.1.3 Aims and Objectives of ICAO
there were many obstacles, both political and technical, to overcome. The aims and objectives of ICAO, as contained in Article 44 of the Chicago
3. In the early days of 1944, the Government of the United States Convention, are to develop the principles and techniques of
conducted exploratory discussions with other allied nations to develop international air navigation and to foster the planning and development
an effective strategy. of international air transport so as to:
4. On the basis of these talks, 52 States met in Chicago in November 1944. 1. insure the safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation
throughout the world;
5. For five weeks, the delegates considered the myriad issues of
international civil aviation. 2. encourage the arts of aircraft design and operation for peaceful
purposes;
6. The outcome was the Convention on International Civil Aviation, also
referred to as the Chicago Convention. 3. encourage the development of airways, airports and air navigation
facilities for international civil aviation;
7. At the Chicago talks, it was agreed that the Convention would only come
into force thirty days after its ratification by a 26th State. 4. meet the needs of the peoples of the world for safe, regular, efficient
and economical air transport;
8. In the interim, a provisional ICAO (PICAO) was formed and given advisory
powers, with instructions to lay the foundation for an international 5. prevent economic waste caused by unreasonable competition;
organization devoted to the needs of civil aviation. 6. insure that the rights of Contracting States are fully respected and that
9. The Chicago Convention entered in force on 4 April 1947 and ICAO was every Contracting State has a fair opportunity to operate international
formed. airlines;
10. The 96 articles of the Chicago Convention establish the privileges and 7. avoid discrimination between Contracting States;
restrictions of all Contracting States and provide for the adoption of 8. promote safety of flight in international air navigation;
International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) regulating
9. Promote generally the development of all aspects of international civil
international air transport.
aeronautics.

1.1.4 The Organization 8) At ICAO, DGCAs meet for high-level discussions or strategies in the
field of aviation either during Assembly Sessions or subject-
Contracting States
dedicated conferences.
1) According to Article 52 of the Convention on International Civil
Aviation, also named Chicago Convention, this Convention shall be 9) The three main organs of ICAO are the assembly, the council, and
open for adherence by members of the United Nations and States the secretariat, headed by the Secretary General ICAO has a
associated with them. sovereign body, the Assembly, and a governing body, the Council.
2) State members of the International Civil Aviation Organization The Assembly

(ICAO) are also named Contracting States (Article 1 of the Chicago 1) Meets at least once every three years and is convened by the Council.
Convention) or Members States.
2) Each Contracting State is entitled to one vote, and decisions of the
3) Contracting States have usually established a Civil Aviation Assembly are taken by a majority of the votes cast except when
Authority (CAA) within their country as the regulatory body in the otherwise provided for in the Convention.
field of civil aviation primarily dealing with safety issues and
3) At these sessions, the complete work of the Organization in the
responsible for the regulation of air transport services
technical, economic, legal and technical cooperation fields is
to/from/within the country and for the enforcement of civil air
reviewed in detail, and guidance is given to the other bodies of ICAO
regulations, air safety and airworthiness standards.
for their future work.
4) It co-ordinates all regulatory functions with ICAO by taking the
The Council
policy decisions necessitated by the advances made in the field of
1) It is a permanent body responsible to the Assembly.
International Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS)
adopted in the ICAO Annexes. 2) It is composed of representatives from 36 Contracting States elected
by the Assembly for a three-year term.
5) The CAAs are headed by the Director General of Civil Aviation
(DGCA); depending on the structure of the states. 3) According to Article 51, the council shall elect its President, for a
period of three years. He may be reelected also.
6) The CAAs may take other names such as the Directorate General of
Civil Aviation or are established under the Ministry of 4) The council shall elect amongst its members one or more Vice
Transportation. Presidents.
7) ICAO communicates with its Contracting States through the DGCAs 5) In the election, adequate representation is given to States of chief
by the means of State Letters. DGCAs and their experts participate importance in air transport, States not otherwise included which
in ICAO meetings and follow-up action thereon. make the largest contribution to the provision of facilities for civil air

navigation and States not otherwise included whose designation will 3) Technical Cooperation Bureau (TCB)
ensure that all the major geographic areas of the world are 4) Bureau of administration and service (ADB)
represented on the Council. 5) Legal Affairs and External Relations Bureau (LEB)
6) One of the major duties of the Council is to adopt International 1.1.5 Air Navigation Commission
Standards and Recommended Practices and to incorporate these as
1) Is composed of 19 persons qualified and experienced in the science
Annexes to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.
and practice of aeronautics.
A Standard is any specification whose uniform application is
recognized as necessary for the safety or regularity of international 2) Its members are nominated by Contracting States and are appointed
air navigation and to which Contracting States will conform in by the Council.
accordance with the Convention. 3) They act in their personal expert capacity and not as representatives
A Recommended Practice is any specification whose uniform of their nominators.
application is recognized as desirable for the safety, regularity or 4) The Commission is assisted by small groups of experts nominated by
efficiency of international air navigation. Contracting States and international organizations and approved by
the Commission.
ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices are detailed in Annexes
(total 19) to the Chicago Convention that cover all aspects of 1.1.6 Regions and regional offices
international civil aviation.
Although the Council is responsible for the adoption of SARPs and the
approval of Procedures for Air Navigation Services (PANS), the
principal body concerned with their development is the ICAO Air
Navigation Commission.
Secretariat
Administrative body of the organization is the Secretariat. The council
appoints the Secretary General. The Secretary General appoints the staff
of the ICAO secretariat and supervises and directs its activities.
There are 05 bureaus, working under the Secretary General ICAO. They
are:
1) Air Navigation Bureau (ANB)
2) Air Transport Bureau (ATB)

1) ICAO World Headquarters, Montreal, Canada 1.2 Role of the European Commission.
2) The ICAO has seven regional offices serving nine regions: 1.2.1 European Commission
a) Asia and Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand (APAC) www.icao.int/apac
b) Middle East, Cairo, Egypt The Commission is the EU institution that has the monopoly on legislative
c) Western and Central Africa, Dakar, Senegal initiative and important executive powers in policies such as competition and
d) South America, Lima, Peru external trade. It is the principal executive body of the European Union and
e) North America, Central America and Caribbean, Mexico City, it is formed by a College of members composed of one Commissioner per
Mexico. Member State. It also chairs the committees responsible for the
f) Eastern and Southern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya Implementation of EU law. The former comitology system has been replaced
g) Europe and North Atlantic, Paris, France by new legal instruments, namely implementing and delegated acts. The
Commission operates as a cabinet government, with 28 members of the
1.1.7 ICAO PUBLICATIONS Commission (informally known as "commissioners"). There is one member
1) ICAO field manuals per member state, but members are bound by their oath of office to
2) Procedure for Air Navigation Services (PANS) represent the general interest of the EU as a whole rather than their home
3) Air Navigation Plan state. One of the 28 is the Commission President proposed by the European
4) ICAO Annexes Council and elected by the European Parliament. The Council of the
5) Technical Manuals European Union then nominates the other 27 members of the Commission
6) Regional Supplementary Procedures in agreement with the nominated President, and the 28 members as a single
7) ICAO circulars body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament.
8) Aircraft Type Designators 1.2.2 European Union Policy
9) Aviation Training Directory
The European Commission develops and implements EU policies by:
10) ICAO Doc Series
11) ICAO Journal
 proposing laws to the European Parliament and Council of the European
12) ICAO MRTD Report
Union
13) ICAO Regional Reports
 helping member countries implement EU legislation
14) Miscellaneous Publications
 managing the EU's budget and allocating funding
 ensuring that EU law is complied with together with the Court of Justice
 representing the EU outside Europe together with the EU's diplomatic
service, the European External Action Service

How EU policy is made 1.3 Role of the Pakistan CAA & General Understanding of Civil Aviation
EU policies and laws are carefully designed to bring benefits to citizens, businesses Regulations:
and other stakeholders in the EU. Better regulation tools ensure that policy is based 1.3.1 Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority
on evidence and best available practice.
1. Civil aviation activities in Pakistan started immediately after
1.2.3 Commission plans independence in 1947 under civil Aircraft Rules 1937 but no formal
orders or ordinance was issued neither any particular legislation took
Before the Commission proposes a new policy, it:
place until 1960.
 describes the policy in a roadmap or inception impact assessment 2. In 1960, the first legal step was taken and President of Pakistan
 examines the potential economic, social and environmental promulgated an ordinance (No. XXXII of 1960) known as the Civil Aviation
consequences in an impact assessment Ordinance 1960, Quote “to make better provisions for the control,
 requests input from the public and stakeholders, for example via public manufacture, possession, use, operation, sale, import and export of
consultations aircraft, the control and regulation of Air Transport Services and the
control and development of Aerodromes in Pakistan”.
The Commission continuously evaluates so as to improve policies and laws,
3. This was the first legal step taken.
so that they achieve their objectives in the most efficient and effective way
possible. 4. A committee was formed by the Government of Pakistan in1976 to draft
rules for the regulation of Air Transport in Pakistan.
5. As a result of these, a set of Rules known as the “Civil Aviation Rules
1978” were formulated and later promulgated in January 1979.
6. The Pakistan Civil Aviation Ordinance, 1982 has replaced the erstwhile
Department of Civil Aviation with a semi - autonomous body known as
the Civil Aviation Authority (C.A.A.).
7. As from 7th December, 1982 the Aeronautical Inspection Directorate and
its functions have been transferred to Airworthiness Directorate of the
Civil Aviation Authority and all applications and enquiries hitherto
addressed to A.I.D.

8. Head Office should be addressed to HQs Civil Aviation Authority, 11) The authority should from time to time prepare five year plan for the
Airworthiness Directorate, and JIAP Karachi. Latest Revision of AWNOT approval of federal government for the development of infrastructure
No. 31 provides details of all PCAA Airworthiness field offices. for safe, efficient, economical and properly coordinated air transport
service in Pakistan
9. The Pakistan CAA is a semi-autonomous body, the general direction and
administration of the Authority and its affairs are vested in a board which
exercises all powers and performs all functions and does all acts which
are exercised/performed or done by the authority.
Mission of PCAA
1) Be a world-class service provider in the aviation industry.

2) Provide safe, secure and efficient best-in-class aviation services to the
stakeholders
1.3.2 Functions of PCAA
1) Licensing of airlines
2) Licensing of pilots, flight engineers, navigators, flight operation
officers, air traffic controllers, and aircraft maintenance engineer
3) Certification of Airworthiness/ registration of aircraft
4) Provisions of air traffic control/navigational facilities
5) Maintenance of airports and runways
6) Provision of fire extinguishing and rescue facilities
7) Fixation of domestic tariff
8) Assists IATA in fixation of International tariff
9) Make bilateral agreements
10) The authority is responsible for promotion, regulation and control of
civil aviation activities in Pakistan

1.3.3 Organ gram of Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority

1.3.4 Various Directorates of PCAA 1.3.6 Duties and Responsibilities of Airworthiness Directorate
1) Flight Standards Duties and Responsibilities associated with the Airworthiness Directorate
2) Personnel Licensing include
3) Airworthiness 1) Aircraft Registration
4) Air Transport 2) Airworthiness Certificate
5) Flight Inspection Unit 3) Proficiency Certificate
4) Aircraft Maintenance Engineers License
1.3.5 Airworthiness Directorate and their functions
5) Wet Lease Aircraft Clearance
1) Airworthiness Directorate is headed by Director Airworthiness. 6) Concession grant
2) Responsibilities associated w.r.t Airworthiness Directorate are as follows 7) Engineering Change Order Approval
a) Monitoring of SBs and Ads 8) Extended Range Operation Approval
b) Investigation of defects/delays as well as accidents/incidents (on 9) Maintenance Program Approval
request of SIB to become part of SIB investigations) and special 10) Exposition Manual Approval
occurrences 11) Reliability Manual Approval
c) Inspection and providing renewal related to C of A 12) Maintenance Schedule Approval
d) Evaluation and approval of ECO
e) Supervision of weigh-ment
f) Scrutiny and providing approval of maintenance schedule
g) Monitoring of reliability programs, hard time, on condition and
condition monitoring and providing approval for Reliability manual
h) Inspections, issuing, extension and renewal of maintenance
organizations approval
i) Scrutiny of AME license examination/P.C application and providing
AME license and P.C
j) Inspection of storage, refueling and other approved companies for
compliance with laid down requirements
k) Monitor company approval examination

1.4 Pakistan National Aviation Policy 1.4.4 Commuter Services by General Aviation (Charter Operators) on Selected
1.4.1 Vision Socio-Political Routes
To promote and regulate civil aviation activities, and to develop an Pakistani charter operators (including helicopter operations) would be
infrastructure for safe, secure, efficient, adequate, economical and properly encouraged to operate scheduled commuter services to/from Gwadar,
coordinated civil air transport service in Pakistan. Turbat, Panjgur, Khuzadar, Dalbandin, Zhob, Rawalakot, Skardu, Chitral,
Gilgit, Bannu, Parachinar, and Muzaffarabad. While economic advantages to
1.4.2 Objectives of the policy these areas will also accrue over time, political integration shall be the prime
a) To improve governance and oversight for the compliance of ICAO objective of this plan (Socio-political routes).
standards of aviation safety, security and efficiency. The scheduled commuter services for the selected socio-political routes shall
be entitled for the following privileges:
b) To provide level playing field for national airlines and liberalize aviation
sector in the country by allowing market forces to determine the price, a. No landing, housing and air navigation charges on both ends of the
quality, frequency and range of air services options. selected socio-political route
c) To follow suitable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) models for the b. Tax incentives shall be provided for the socio political routes.
operations, management and development of airports. c. After satisfactory operations of two years, with acceptable regularity of
d) To develop a state-of-the-art infrastructure for the provision of safe and seven (7) weekly flights on socio-political routes, the operator would be
efficient air transportation. entitled to apply for RPT license which shall be processed within 60 days.
The operator shall then become entitled for RPT operations for all
e) To incentivize aviation sector for socio-economic growth. categories of domestic routes. However, seven (7) weekly flights to any
f) To create conditions conducive for affordable general aviation activities, one or more of the socio-political routes shall be mandatory to continue
i.e., sports flying and inter-city air travel by private aircraft /air-taxi RPT.
service/charters, etc.
1.4.5 Airline Registration, Size and Age of Fleet
1.4.3 Liberalization of Air Service Agreements
a) Fleet registration in Pakistan by all operators shall be mandatory.
Pakistan shall pursue bilateral open skies policy with other countries on the
b) Foreign airlines shall be permitted to take equity stakes up to 49% in
principle of reciprocity.
domestic carriers.
c) Minimum fleet size for domestic operators shall be three (3) airworthy
aircraft and for international operations shall be five (5) airworthy
aircraft. Calendar age of all types of commercial aircraft, operated by

Pakistani operators shall not be more than twelve (12) years at the time iv) Satisfactory operations on socio-economic routes
of induction with minimum of 35% remaining operational life
v) No outstanding PCAA dues.
Operational life expectancy shall be based on international standards
considering limitations on maximum hours, flight cycles, chronological b. Qualifying airlines shall be eligible to operate on international routes, to
age and environmental exposure. Aircraft older than twenty (20) years, countries pursuing open skies or where there are no bilateral constraints
being operated by Pakistani operators, including non RPT operators on capacity.
utilizing aircraft for commercial passenger service, shall not be allowed 1.4.7 Government taxes & duties
to continue operations in Pakistan. The existing operators shall fulfill this
requirement within 2 years a) For levy of Government duties & taxes on import of aircraft and spares,
both PIA and private airlines would be treated at par.
d) Shall have aircraft that meet the international noise and environmental b) On import of aircraft, engines and spares a uniform duty of 10% would
standards. be levied. The airline may pay 5% as down payment and the remaining
e) For charter operation of passenger aircraft (domestic/international) 5% in two years in installments.
minimum requirement shall be two (2) airworthy aircraft. c) Used aircraft engines/spares are allowed to be imported on the duty to
be 10 % of the value of the item.
f) For cargo operation, one (1) airworthy aircraft shall be acceptable.
d) The ramp area at airports is declared as duty free area / zone.
1.4.6 International operations e) Note: Government taxes and duties are subject to reviews by Central
Board of Revenue through SRO”s. Current SRO’s may be referred pm
The interest of users will be best served if airlines are free to compete
website www.cbr.gov.pk Finance Division to be consulted.
according to their commercial judgment. However, following parameters
shall have to be met: 1.4.8 Development of Airports Infrastructure
a. Pakistani designated airlines shall be eligible to commence operations on Airports infrastructure in the country needs to be modernized in line with
international routes after one year of continued satisfactory operations global standards to cater for the needs of passengers and shippers. Following
on domestic routes. Continued satisfactory operations would entail the policy guidelines shall be observed for the infrastructure development of
following performance parameters: airports:
i) Flight Punctuality above 80%. a) Airports shall be made safer and user friendly. Commensurate with
ii) Flight Regularity above 95%. anticipated increase in traffic demand, optimum capacity utilization and
efficient management shall be ensured while appropriate world class airport
iii) No outstanding complaints on account of Air Passenger Rights as
infrastructure is provided. To achieve this end, participation by private sector
promulgated by PCAA/Government.
would be encouraged.

b) Private sector shall be encouraged to construct and/or operate 1.5 Civil Aviation Rules of 1994
new/existing airports, 1.5.1 How Rules are made
1.4.9 Monitoring & implementation of aviation policy
a) Making of rules start from different departments of PCAA where PCAA
a) The aviation policy will be implemented by DG CAA. officers and legal experts, taking into consideration ICAO Annexes and
b) Review and monitoring of the policy will be carried out by the Ministry rules from other regulatory bodies and making them compatible with our
of Defense. environment form a report and sends it to the National Assembly through
the Ministry of defense where it is recommended and send to the Senate
1.4.10 Market clean up board
for approval.
a) In order to regulate tariffs, a market clean-up board will be established b) After getting approval from the Parliament, it is signed by the President
by the PCAA, with one representative each from AOC, private airlines and of Pakistan and it becomes a LAW
travel agents.
1.5.2 Civil Aviation Rules
b) The board to meet as required reviewing the tariffs filed by airlines.
Investigate complaints and impose penalties on violators. a. These rules may be called the Civil Aviation Rules 1994.
b. Civil Aviation Rules are part of Gazette of Pakistan, a statutory notification,
issued by the order of the President of Pakistan.
c. Currently issued on 3rd October 1994.
d. This is the master document and through ANOs, AWNOTs, Policy letters on
this master document, all concerned with the many areas which make up
the Civil Aviation industry as a whole, come under its powers
e. These rules shall come into force at once.
f. These rules shall apply to flight operations within Pakistan by aircrafts
other than military aircrafts and, except where otherwise prescribed, to
flight operations by aircrafts registered, acquired or operating under these
rules, wherever they may be.

1.5.3 Index of Rules Some of the rules present in following parts are of great interest to
Aircraft Maintenance Engineers and Aircraft Maintenance
a) There are currently 378 rules under CAR 1994.
Technician:
b) Amendments are issued from time to time.
 Part II Administration
c) These rules are divided into 21 parts which are further divided into
sections and sections have further rules.  Part III Registration and Marking of Aircraft
 Part IV Airworthiness Requirements
Part 1 Preliminary
Part 2 Administration  Part V Personnel Licenses Section 2 ( Rule 51)
 Part XI Licensing and certification of Commercial Air Operations Sect. 3
Part 3 Registration and Marking of Aircraft
Part 4 Airworthiness of Aircraft  Part XIII Aircraft Requirements Section 2
Part 5 Personnel licenses  Part XV Accidents and Incidents Section 1 & 2
Part 6 Flying training
 Part XXI Miscellaneous (Rule 378)
Part 7 Personal Flying Books
Part 8 Aerodrome facilities and services Part II Administration
Part 9 Conduct of Persons on board an aircraft 4. Duties and Powers of the Director General.-
Part 10 Rules of the air 1. The Director General shall, subject to the directions of the Federal
Part 11 Licenses and certification of commercial air operations Government, be charged with the administration of these rules, and shall
Part 12 Commercial flight operations exercise and perform all the powers, and functions conferred on the
Part 13 Aircraft requirements Director-General by these rules.
Part 14 Private aircraft operations 2. Without prejudice to the generality of sub rule (1) for the purpose of
Part 15 Accidents and incidents exercising his powers, or implementing these rules, the Director-General
Part 16 Transport of dangerous goods by air may:
Part 17 Unlawful interference a) at all reasonable times enter any place to which access is necessary;
Part 18 Penal provisions and prosecutions
b) at all times during working hours enter that portion of any factory or
Part 19 Withholding, suspension and cancellations of licences and
place in which aircraft, or parts of aircraft, or aero engines, or parts of
certificates
aero engines, are being manufactured, overhauled, repaired or
Part 20 Fares, freights, timetable and statistical returns
assembled, and inspect any such factory or place, aircraft, aero engine,
Part 21 miscellaneous
or parts or documents relating thereto;

c) at any time inspect any aircraft which is required by these rules to be requirements under these rules he may do so, by including such information in
certified as airworthy, or in respect of which a certificate of the Aeronautical Information Publication, or in NOTAMS or in aeronautical
Airworthiness is in force; information circulars, or in airworthiness notices, or air safety circulars, or in
Civil Aviation Authority Publications, or by writing under his own hand, as he
d) enter, inspect and search any aircraft registered in Pakistan, or in a
considers appropriate.
contracting State, for the purpose of securing compliance with any of
these rules; 4. Director-General shall maintain close liaison with the Pakistan Air Force in
e) at any time conduct or direct such examination or test of the holder of matters of common interest.
a Licence as may be considered necessary to establish the continued
5. Delegation of Powers.-
medical fitness or the proficiency of the Licence holder in the capacity
The Federal Government or the Authority or the Director- General may by order
authorized by the Licence;
in writing direct that any power or function conferred upon, or entrusted to, it,
f) require the production of any document, Licence permit or log book under these rules shall, in such circumstances and under such conditions, if any,
related to the operation of an aircraft if in the opinion of the Director- as may be specified in the direction, be exercised or performed by :
General, or the authorized person, it is necessary for the purpose of (a) any officer or authority subordinate to it or him, or
inspecting the same; (b) any other person.
g) subject to the provisions of rule 236, board any aircraft registered in Part III Registration and Marking of Aircraft
Pakistan, prior to its departure, if his purpose is a flight inspection of the 6. Pakistan Aircraft Register.
operation of that aircraft, or of the performance of its crew ; and (1) The Director-General shall maintain a register of aircraft which shall be called
h) the Director General, may with the approval of the Federal government, the Pakistan Aircraft Register and which shall be kept in such form as the
issue Operating Regulations to meet the requirements of the Director-General may determine.
International Civil Aviation Organization Standards, Recommended (2) The Pakistan Aircraft Register shall be made available for inspection at such
Practices and Procedures. times and subject to such conditions as the Director-General may specify.
3. Wherever the Director-General is empowered or required under these rules to
7. Unregistered aircraft not to fly.
issue any direction, or to give any permission, approval or authority, he may
An aircraft other than a military aircraft shall not fly in Pakistan unless it has
unless the contrary intention appears in the rule conferring the power or
been included in the Pakistan Aircraft Register or has been registered in a
function, or imposing the obligation or duty, issue the direction, or give the
contracting State.
permission, approval or authority by writing under his hand or by inclusion in
Air Navigation Orders or Airworthiness Notices, or air safety circulars and at any
time that he deems it necessary to publish information relating to conditions or

8. Application for registration of an aircraft. (7) On receipt of an application for registration of an aircraft, or
(1) An application for the inclusion of an aircraft in the Pakistan Aircraft Register notification of a change in the particulars given in an application for
and for the issue of a certificate of registration shall contain: registration of an aircraft, the Director-General shall, when he is satisfied of
(a) The name of the manufacturer; the accuracy of the information given in the application, or notification,
(b) The manufacturer's designation of the aircraft; enter the relevant details in the Pakistan Aircraft Register and issue a
(c) The serial number of the aircraft; certificate of registration to the owner of the aircraft, or to the person
(d) The name and addresses of all persons or organizations who have a legal nominated in the application or notification as the person to whom such a
interest as owners of the aircraft; certificate may be issued.
(e) if the aircraft is the subject of a hire purchase or leasing agreement, the (8) No registered aircraft, whether its certificate of registration is in force or
name and address of the person or persons or organization purchasing or not, shall be leased outside Pakistan nor shall there be any change, partial
leasing the aircraft; and or otherwise in the ownership, possession or use of the aircraft otherwise
(f) A declaration as to the truth of the statement set out in the application. transferred to any person, company or corporation, without the prior
(2) An application made by two or more persons or organizations who hold joint permission in writing of the Director-General.
interest as owner, hire purchasers or lessor of the aircraft shall in the 10. Cancellation of registration.
application nominate one of them as the person or organization to whom (1) The person, or persons, or organization named in Pakistan Aircraft Register
the certificate of registration may be issued. as the owner, or owners of that aircraft shall inform the Director-General:
(3) The holder of the certificate of registration of an aircraft registered in
(a) if the aircraft suffers destruction;
Pakistan shall notify the Director-General of any change in the particulars
given in the application for registration within fourteen days of the change. (b) if it is permanently withdrawn from use; or
(4) Any transfer of ownership of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be (c) If it is transferred to the aircraft register of another State.
notified to the Director-General by the person or persons acquiring (2) In each case the certificate of registration shall be deemed to be cancelled,
ownership within fourteen days of the transfer. and if it is in the possession of the owner or owners, it shall be forwarded
(5) Any person or persons acquiring an interest in an aircraft registered in to the Director-General.
Pakistan under a hire purchase or leasing agreement shall notify the
(3) The holder of a certificate of registration in respect of a registered aircraft
Director-General within fourteen days of such acquisition.
may, at any time, apply to the Director-General for the cancellation of the
(6) A certificate of registration of an aircraft shall be returned to the Director- registration of the aircraft and the Director-General may cancel the
General by the holder when notifying a change in the registration registration and the holder shall surrender such certificate to the Director-
particulars, or when the holder ceases to have an interest in the aircraft. General.

12. Aircraft to carry certificate of registration. cargo, or any persons other than those required to perform duties in the
The certificate of registration issued by the Director- General in respect of an aircraft related to qualifying it for the reissue of the certificate of
aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be carried in that aircraft at all times. Airworthiness or to positioning it at another aerodrome;
13. Nationality and registration marks.
(b) an aircraft that has been constructed in Pakistan may fly, subject to the issue
(1) The nationality mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be the letters
of a permit to fly by the Director- General, for the purpose of qualifying the
"AP".
aircraft for the issue of a certificate of Airworthiness provided that it has
(2) The registration mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be the been certified as fit to fly by a person duly authorized by the Director-
group of three letters assigned to the aircraft and included in its General and it does not carry passengers or cargo, or any persons other than
certificate of registration. those related to qualifying it for the issue of a certificate of Airworthiness;
(3) The nationality and registration marks allocated to an aircraft shall be and
painted on its structure or affixed by any other means giving a similar (c) Where an aircraft is to be exported from Pakistan, the Director-General may
degree of permanence and shall be clean and visible at all times. issue an export certificate of Airworthiness in such form as he may prescribe
(4) An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall carry an identification plate in the circumstances of the case in respect of the aircraft. An export
inscribed with its nationality and registration marks. The plate shall be certificate of Airworthiness is not a certificate of Airworthiness for the
made of fireproof material and shall be secured to the aircraft in a purpose of these rules.
prominent position near the main entrance.
(c) Where an aircraft is constructed or assembled in Pakistan as an Amateur
Part IV Airworthiness Requirements Built Aircraft, Light Sport Aircraft, kit-built and like aircraft, the Director
General may prescribe such requirements for issuance of a Special and
16. Aircraft to have a Certificate of Airworthiness.-
Experimental Certificate of Airworthiness as deemed necessary or
An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not fly unless there is, relating to that
appropriate.
aircraft, a current certificate of Airworthiness issued or validated by the
Director General, except that: 17. Foreign aircraft to have a certificate of Airworthiness.
(a) an aircraft that has previously been given a certificate of Airworthiness may An aircraft registered in a State other than Pakistan shall not fly within Pakistan
fly, subject to approval by the Director-General for the purpose of unless there is relating to that aircraft, a current certificate of Airworthiness
qualifying the aircraft for the re-issue of the certificate, or if the aircraft has issued or validated by the State of registry of the aircraft.
suffered damage, to position the aircraft at an aerodrome at which the 18. Issue of certificate of Airworthiness.
repairs necessary to restore it to an airworthy condition can be carried out, (1) The Director-General shall issue or validate a certificate of Airworthiness
provided that in each case it has been certified as fit to fly by a person subject to such conditions as he sees fit when he is satisfied that:
authorized to do so under these rules and it does not carry passengers or

(a) There has been issued by the appropriate authority of the State from
(f) If any Airworthiness directive issued by the State of manufacture, or a
which the aircraft has been exported to Pakistan, a certificate with
directive issued by the Director- General, is not complied with; or
respect to the Airworthiness of the aircraft that is acceptable to the
Director-General; or (g) if the aircraft has sustained damage of such a nature that in the opinion of
(b) The aircraft was manufactured by the holder of a certificate of a maintenance engineer licensed under these rules, or employed by a
approval issued by the Director-General with respect to that maintenance organization approved under these rules, it is no longer fit to
manufacture. fly.
(2) A certificate of Airworthiness issued or validated under this rule shall be 23. Approval of Persons or organizations.
valid for such period as the Director- General may determine not (1) An aircraft shall not be constructed nor any part of an aircraft or equipment
exceeding twelve months from the date of issue. to be installed in an aircraft be manufactured in Pakistan except in
19. Conditions of validity of Certificate of Airworthiness.- conformity with the Airworthiness design standards specified by the
A certificate of Airworthiness issued by the Director- General in respect of an Director-General.
aircraft shall cease to be current: (2) A person or organization within Pakistan shall not act as an aircraft
constructor, or as a supplier, or stockist, or distributor of aircraft
(a) After the date of expiry included in the certificate;
components to be issued in the construction, maintenance or operation
(b) if the aircraft, or any of its equipment which is essential to the continued of aircraft unless that person or organization has the approval of the
Airworthiness of the aircraft, is overhauled or repaired, or such equipment Director-General to perform that function.
is removed or replaced, other than in a manner which complies with the
(3) Applicants for an approval under this rule shall comply with such
maintenance and repair procedures issued by the aircraft manufacturer
requirements as the Director- General may specify and any approval shall
and any maintenance schedule issued by the State of manufacture of the
be subject to such conditions as the Director-General may attach to it.
aircraft and approved by the Director-General;
(c) If any inspection of the aircraft, or of the aforementioned essential (4) An approval given under this rule shall be valid for such period as the
equipment, required by the approved maintenance procedure or Director-General may specify not exceeding one year.
schedules is not carried out; 24. Suspension or cancellation of approval.
(d) if any modification specified by the State of manufacture, or by the If the Director General has reason to believe that a person or organization
Director-General, as essential for the continued Airworthiness of the holding an approval as an aircraft constructor, or as a supplier, or stockist, or
aircraft is not carried out; distributor of aircraft components has ceased to comply with the conditions
for approval, he may subject to the provisions of rule 341, suspend such
(e) If any modification is carried out, or equipment installed other than as
approval for such period as he sees deems fit, or may cancel it.
approved by the Director- General;

25. Approval of maintenance organizations. procedures approved in respect of that aircraft by the Director- General;
(1) Maintenance or inspection of aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not be carried and
out other than by an approved maintenance organization or by persons (b) any repairs, replacements or modifications have been carried out in a
licensed or otherwise authorized to do so under these rules. manner approved by the Director- General; and
(2) An aircraft maintenance organization within Pakistan shall obtain the approval (c) all modifications and inspections deemed mandatory by the Director-
of the Director-General and shall comply with such directions as he may give General have been carried out within the prescribed time periods, or
before commencing operation. within such extended periods as may have been authorized by the
Director- General; and
(3) Applicants for an approval under this rule shall comply with such requirements
(d) all defects entered in the aircraft technical log have been rectified, or have
as the Director- General may specify and any approval shall be subject to such
been deferred in accordance with procedures approved by the Director-
conditions as the Director-General may attach to it.
General; and
(4) Aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not be maintained or modified, or repaired
(e) the aircraft has been serviced and replenished in accordance with the
by an organization outside Pakistan except with the approval of the Director-
procedures specified in the flight manual or maintenance documents,
General.
using the substances or materials specified therein, or as may be specified
(5) An approval given under this rule shall be valid for such period as the Director by the Director-General in Air Navigation
General may specify, not exceeding one year. Orders, or by other means; and
(6) An operator shall provide for the proper and periodic instruction of all (f) in the case of aircraft in respect of which a certificate of airworthiness in the
maintenance personnel and the training program shall be subject to the private category has been issued, a certificate of maintenance has been
approval of the Director-General. completed and signed by a person authorized to do so by the Director-
General, to certify that all maintenance work has been completed
26. Suspension or cancellation of approval of a maintenance organization.- satisfactorily and in accordance with the approved maintenance
procedures and schedules; or
If the Director-General has reason to believe that a maintenance organization
(g) in the case of aircraft in respect of which a certificate of airworthiness in
has ceased to comply with the conditions for approval, he may, subject to the
the public transport category or aerial work category, has been issued:
provisions of rule 341, suspend such approval for such period as he deems fit,
or may cancel it. (i) a certificate of release to service has been completed and signed by a
person authorized to do so by the Director-General, being a certificate
27. Maintenance, inspection and servicing of aircraft.
issued after overhauls, repairs, replacements, modifications and
An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall not fly unless;
mandatory inspections have been carried out on that aircraft; and
(a) the aircraft, including its engines, equipment and radios, has been (ii) a certificate of maintenance review has been completed and signed by
maintained and periodically inspected in accordance with the maintenance a person authorized to do so by the Director-General, certifying that all

maintenance specified in the approved maintenance schedule has been overhauls, repairs, or modifications and to sign the appropriate certificate
carried out within the time period specified therein, or within such of release to service or certificate of maintenance review.
extended period as may have been authorized by the Director-General.
30. Exposition manuals.-
27B. Issuance of Maintenance release. The operator of an aircraft, other than a private aircraft, registered in Pakistan
(1) Maintenance release in respect of a registered aircraft shall be issued only shall provide for the use and guidance of the personnel or organization
by authorized persons and in such a manner, and in accordance with such engaged in the repair, overhaul or maintenance of his aircraft a maintenance
form, as the Director- General may direct. manual approved by the Director-General which contains at least the
following:
28. Maintenance of commercial aircraft.-
(a) Procedures for servicing and maintenance;
(1) All work carried out on a regular public transport aircraft, a charter aircraft,
(b) The frequency of each check, overhaul or inspection;
or an aerial work aircraft in respect of overhaul, repair, installation of
(c) The responsibilities of the various classes of skilled maintenance personnel;
equipment, or inspection shall be carried out by, or under the supervision
(d) The servicing and maintenance methods;
of the holder of an appropriate Licence, except that if the overhaul, repair,
(e) The procedure for preparing the certificate of maintenance review and the
installation of equipment, or inspection is carried out by a maintenance
certificate of release to service, the circumstances under which these
organization approved under this Part such work may be carried out by, or
certificates are to be issued and the personnel authorized to sign them.
under the supervision of a person or persons, approved by the Director-
General for that purpose. 31. Minimum Equipment List.-
(2) A person, other than an authorized person employed Part shall not sign a A regular public transport aircraft, or charter aircraft registered in Pakistan
certificate of release to service or a certificate of maintenance review in shall not fly unless all the items of equipment which are included in the
respect of a regular public transport aircraft, a charter aircraft, or an aerial minimum equipment list in the approved flight manual, or other certification
work aircraft unless he is the holder of an appropriate Licence. document for the aircraft, as being required to be serviceable for the
particular operation, are serviceable. No amendment shall be made to a
(3) For the purpose of this rule, an appropriate Licence shall be an aircraft
minimum equipment list except with the approval of the Director-General.
maintenance engineer Licence, issued or recognized as valid by the
Director- General, authorizing the holder to carry out, or to supervise the 32. Recording and reporting of defects.-
overhaul, the repair, the installation of equipment, or the modification of (1) Any person concerned with the maintenance or operation of an aircraft
such aircraft, or such part, or components, or equipment of aircraft as are registered in Pakistan who becomes aware of a defect in that aircraft shall
included in the Licence, and to certify as airworthy an aircraft or parts of take such action as may be necessary to record the defect in the
an aircraft or components, or equipment as appropriate, following such appropriate maintenance document.

(2) An owner or operator of an aircraft registered in Pakistan which develops 34. Radio equipment to be licensed and approved.-
a defect, shall cause an investigation of the defect to be carried out and, Radio equipment shall not be installed in an aircraft registered in Pakistan
if it is a major defect, shall make a report of the investigation as the unless:
Director-General may specify.
(a) There is in respect of such radio equipment a License issued by the Federal
33. Operators to keep records.- Government;
(1) The operator of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall ensure that a current (b) The installation in the aircraft has been approved by the Director-General;
maintenance record is kept which shall contain in respect of the entire and
aircraft:
(c) The equipment is of a type approved by the Director General and complies
(a) the empty mass and the location of the center of gravity; with such directions issued by him in respect of airworthiness
(b) A record of the addition or removal of equipment; requirements.
(c) Details of the type and extent of maintenance work or modification or
repair, the time in service and the date that the work was carried out; Part V Personnel Licenses
and 51. Aircraft maintenance engineer licences.
(d) A chronological list of compliance with Airworthiness directives (1) The Director General shall grant aircraft maintenance engineer licences
together with the method of compliance. under this Part, subject to such conditions as he thinks fit, when he is
satisfied that the applicant for such a Licence is a fit person and is qualified
(2) In the case of a regular public transport aircraft, a charter aircraft, or an
by reason of his knowledge, experience, competence, skill, physical and
aerial work aircraft, the record kept under this rule shall include:
mental fitness to act in the capacity authorized by the Licence; for that
(a) in respect of the whole aircraft, the total time in service; purpose the applicant shall furnish such evidence, undergo such
(b) in respect of the major components of the aircraft, the total time in examinations and tests as the Director- General may specify in
service, the date of the last overhaul, and the date of the last Airworthiness notices and Air Safety Circulars.
inspection; and
(2) The holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer Licence shall be authorized
(c) in respect of those instruments and equipment’s which are limited to
to carry out, or to supervise, such overhauls, authorized repairs, or
a specified period in service, a record of their time in service which
authorized modifications of such aircraft, or parts, or components, or
will enable their serviceability to be determined and the remaining
equipment of aircraft as may be permitted by the Licence, and to certify as
part of their operating life to be computed, together with the date of
airworthy such aircraft, or parts of an aircraft or components, or
last inspection.
equipment as appropriate, following such overhauls, repairs, or
modifications, and to sign a certificate of maintenance review or a

certificate of release to service in respect of the aircraft included in the person is a pilot or flight engineer, licensed to fly that aircraft, or is a
Licence, within the limitations of the Licence. licensed aircraft maintenance engineer or a member of an approved
maintenance organization authorized to ground run the engines of that
(3) Aircraft maintenance engineer licences issued under this Part shall become
aircraft.
valid on the date of issue and shall remain valid for a period not greater
than two years. (2) The engine or engines of an aircraft shall not be started unless chocks are
in position in front of the main wheels, or the aircraft brakes, if any are
(4) Renewal of such licences shall be dependent on compliance with such
on.
requirements as may be specified by the Director-General in Airworthiness
notices. 108. Provision of first aid kits.-
All tenants or lessees of hangars, workshops, or other premises utilized for
Part VIII Aerodrome, Facilities and Services
commercial purposes at an aerodrome shall provide first aid kits of a type
85. Fuelling of aircraft.-
approved by the Director-General or the Manager, located in such hangars,
(1) An aircraft shall not be refueled or refueled at an aerodrome:
workshops or premises at a conveniently accessible place.
(a) Within 15 meters of a building; or
Part XI Licensing & Certification of Commercial Air Operations
(b) at a time when passengers are embarking, or disembarking, or are on
176. Description of an operator.
board, unless there are qualified personnel in the aircraft who are
For the purpose of this Part an operator is a person, organization or
ready to initiate and direct an evacuation of the aircraft by the most
enterprise engaged in, or offering to engage in, an aircraft operation and in
practical and expeditious means available, and who are in two way
the case of a Pakistan Operator is one that has a principal place of business
communication with the ground crew supervising the refueling.
in Pakistan or, if there is no such place of business, has a permanent
(2) Refueling or refueling of an aircraft shall be supervised by a person residence in Pakistan.
appointed by the owner or operator of the aircraft, or by a member of
the flight crew, or by a supervisor appointed by the fuel supplier; the 177. Commercial operations to be licensed.
person supervising shall ensure that the aircraft is bonded to the fueling (1) An aircraft shall not fly for any type of operation unless the operator of that
hose and to the fueling unit and that both are earthed, and that no aircraft holds an appropriate Licence granted by the Director-General. The
source of flame or sparks is in the vicinity of the aircraft. During refueling Director General shall, with the prior approval of the Federal Government,
or refueling no electrical switch shall be operated in the aircraft. issue the following licences, namely:-
(a) regular public transport;
90. Engines to be run by qualified personnel.-
(b) charter, if the service is an international service, or if the aircraft has a
(1) A person shall not start the engine or engines of an aircraft on the ground,
maximum permissible take-off mass greater than 5,700 kgs; or
nor operate the controls of an aircraft engine which is running, unless that

(c) aerial work, if the service is an international service; unless the operator of (2) An air operator certificate issued under this Part shall be subject to such
that aircraft holds an appropriate Licence granted by the Federal conditions as the Director-General may include in the certificate in the
Government. interests of flight safety.
(2) For the purpose of this rule, an appropriate Licence means in the case of regular
188. Air operator certificates.-
public transport a regular public transport Licence, in the case of charter, a
(1) An air operator certificate issued under this Part shall be:
charter Licence, and in the case of aerial work, an aerial work Licence.
(i) an "air operator certificate - airline" which shall authorize the holder to
(3) The period of validity of such a Licence and any conditions attached to it shall
engage in regular public transport operations within the conditions
be as determined by the Director General with the prior approval of Federal
and limitations of that certificate, provided that he has also been
Government.
granted a Licence for such operations by the Federal Government;
186. Operators to hold an air operator certificate.-
(ii) an "air operator certificate - charter" which shall authorize the holder
Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2 of this Part, an aircraft shall not
to engage in charter operations within the conditions and limitations
fly for the purpose of:
of that certificate, provided that in the case of international charter
(a) regular public transport; operations, and of charter operations by
(b) charter; or aircraft with a maximum permissible take-off mass greater than 5,700
(c) aerial work; kgs, he has also been granted a Licence for such operations by the
unless the operator of that aircraft holds an air operator certificate issued by Federal Government; or
the Director-General.
(iii) an "air operator certificate-aerial work" which shall authorize the
187. Issue of air operator certificates.- holder to engage in aerial work operations within the conditions and
(1) The Director-General shall issue or renew air operator certificates under limitations, of that certificate, provided that in the case of international
this Part, when he is satisfied that an applicant has demonstrated that aerial work he has also been granted a
his equipment, organization, staffing, maintenance And other Licence by the Federal Government.
arrangements are adequate to secure the safe operation of the types of (2) An air operator certificate issued under this Part shall be valid for a period
aircraft to be included in the certificate, on such flights as are to be of one year from the date of issue or renewal, unless suspended or
authorized, and that the applicant can establish and maintain a cancelled by the Director-General.
satisfactory method of supervision of these flight operations. For this
purpose an applicant shall supply such information as the Director- 199. Operators to be insured.-
General may require. The holder of an air operator certificate issued under this Part shall arrange
for insurance in respect of such claims as may be made relating to injury or
death of a person, not being a passenger in his aircraft, or damage to

property resulting from any accident or incident involving his aircraft, and in 246. In-flight emergency equipment.
the case of the holder of an air operator certificate - airline or an air operator An aircraft registered in Pakistan and operated by the holder of an Air
certificate - charter, shall arrange for insurance within the limits of liability Operator Certificate, shall not fly unless it is equipped with:
specified in the Warsaw Convention as amended by the Hague Convention,
(a) adequate medical supplies which are appropriate to the passenger
in respect of possible claims relating to injury or death of one or more
carrying capacity of the aircraft and which are accessible during flights;
passengers carried in his aircraft, as a result of any accident or incident in
(b) portable fire extinguishers, of a type which will not cause dangerous
which his aircraft is involved.
contamination of the air when they are used inside the aeroplane,
Part XIII Aircraft Requirements located in the pilot's compartment and in passenger compartments
243. Emergency locator beacons.- which are separate from the pilot's compartment;
(1) An aircraft which is registered in Pakistan shall not be flown over water at
(c) a seat fitted with a seat belt or a berth fitted with restraining belts for
a distance of 93kms or more from land, or over areas where search and
each passenger in the aircraft who is more than two years old;
rescue would be difficult unless it carries an Emergency Location Beacon-
Aircraft which; (d) a seat fitted with a safety harness for each member of the flight crew
and for each cabin *[crew member] who is assigned emergency
(a) operates automatically in the event of a crash;
evacuation duties, and a seat fitted, with a safety belt for each other
(b) is capable of manual operation by survivors; cabin *[crew member];
(c) has a power source independent of the aeroplane; (e) a means of informing passengers when seat belts are to be fastened
(d) is water resistant and buoyant; and and when restrictions on smoking apply;
(e) is unlikely to be rendered inoperative in the event of a crash. (f) a means of informing passengers about the location and the use of life
jackets and / or flotation devices when these are required to be carried
(2) An aircraft to which this rule applied shall not be flown over land areas in on that flight;
Pakistan which have been designated by the Director-General as areas in
(g) a means of informing passengers about the location and the method
which search and rescue would be especially difficult, or over land areas
of opening emergency exists;
in other States which have been designated by the State concerned as
areas in which search and rescue would be especially difficult unless it is (h) a means of informing passengers as to when and how oxygen
equipped with at least one portable survival radio equipment and with equipment is to be used if the carriage of oxygen is required on that
such signaling devices and lifesaving equipment, including means of flight; and
sustaining life, as may be appropriate to the area over flown. (i) spare electrical fuses of appropriate ratings for replacement of those
which are accessible in flight.

247. Flight recorders. 10000 ft. unless it carries sufficient stored breathing oxygen with
(1) An aircraft registered in Pakistan which has a maximum permissible all up dispensing apparatus:
mass over 5700 kgs and which is operated by the holder of an air
operator certificate - airline or an air operator certificate charter, shall (a) To supply all crew members and all passengers for any period that
not commence a flight unless it is equipped with a serviceable flight data the aircraft will be flown at an altitude higher than 13000 ft.
recorder capable of recording time, altitude, airspeed, vertical 253. Documents to be carried.
acceleration and heading. (1) An aircraft registered in Pakistan other than a private aircraft shall not fly
(2) If an aircraft subject to sub rule (1) of this rule has a maximum permissible unless it carries:
all up mass over 27000 kgs, the flight data recorder shall in addition be
(a) the certificate of Airworthiness issued in relation to that aircraft;
capable of recording the attitude, of the aircraft, and the basic forces
acting upon it, together with the origin of such forces. The aircraft shall (b) the certificate of release to service and the certificate of
also be equipped with a serviceable cockpit voice recorder capable of maintenance review issued in relation to that aircraft;
recording the aural environment of the flight deck. (c) the aircraft Flight Manual or equivalent certification document;
(3) Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders which are installed in (d) the licenses issued in respect of the radio equipment installed in the
compliance with this rule shall be so constructed and located as to afford aircraft;
maximum practicable protection to the recorded data.
(e) if passengers are carried, a list of their names, places of embarkation
(4) Flight data recorders shall be capable of retaining the data recorded and intended places of disembarkation;
during at least the last 25 hours operation. Cockpit voice recorders shall
(f) if cargo is carried, bills of lading and manifests relating to that cargo;
be capable of retaining the information recorded during at least the last
30 minutes of operation. (g) the Operations Manual or those parts of it relating to flight
operations.
(5) Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recorders shall be switched on at
all times during flight. Part XV Accidents and Incidents
269. Accidents and Incidents.-
249. Oxygen requirements - commercial aircraft.
For the purpose of this Part:
(1) An aircraft registered in Pakistan which is operated by the holder of an
a) an accident in relation to an aircraft, is an occurrence associated with the
Air Operator Certificate and which is not equipped with a system for
operation of the aircraft which takes place between the time any person
maintaining a pressure greater than 700 hectopascals in the flight crew
boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time as all such
and passenger compartments, shall not fly at an altitude higher than
persons have disembarked, in which:

(i) a person is fatally or seriously injured as a result of being in the immediately after the accident, and by a written report to the
aircraft, or of being in direct contact with any part of the aircraft, Director-General as soon as practicable.
including parts which have become detached from the aircraft, or of (2) The written report referred to in this rule shall contain the following
direct exposure to jet blast; except when the injuries are from natural particulars, except that if they are not all immediately available the report
causes, or are self-inflicted, by other persons, or when the injuries are shall so state, and a supplementary report containing those particulars
to persons secreting themselves outside the areas normally available not included in the first report shall be furnished to the Director General
to the passengers and crew; or at the earliest possible date:
(ii) the aircraft sustains damage or structural failure which adversely a) the type, model, nationality and registration marks of the aircraft;
affects the structural strength, the performance, or the flight
b) the name of the owner, operator, and hirer if any, of the aircraft;
characteristics of the aircraft, and which would normally require
major repair or replacement of the affected component; except when c) the name of the pilot-in-command of the aircraft;
the damage is limited to the engine, its cowlings or accessories, or d) the date and time of the accident;
when the damage is
e) The last point of departure and the point of intended landing of the
limited to propellers, wing tips, antennas, tires, brakes, bearings,
aircraft and the nature of the flight;
small dents or puncture holes in the aircraft skin; or
f) The position of the aircraft with reference to some easily defined
(iii) the aircraft is missing or is completely inaccessible ;
geographical point;
(b) An incident in relation to an aircraft is an occurrence other than an
g) The number of persons aboard the aircraft, the number killed or
accident associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or
seriously injured and the number of others killed or seriously injured;
could affect the safety of operation and shall include such occurrences
as the Director-General may specify in Air Navigation Orders or by other h) The nature of the accident as far as is known;
means. i) The nature and extent of the damage to the aircraft and/or to other
270. Notification of an accident.- property; and
(1) In the event that an accident occurs: j) The physical characteristics of the accident area.
(a) To an aircraft registered in Pakistan; or 271. Notification of an incident.-
(b) in Pakistan to an aircraft registered in another State; the pilot-in- (1) In the event of the occurrence of an incident involving an aircraft
command, the operator, the owner, and the hirer ( if any ) shall each registered in Pakistan, the pilot-in-command, the owner, the operator,
be responsible for ensuring that a notification of the accident is and the hirer (if any) shall each be responsible for ensuring that a written
furnished to the Director General by the quickest available means

notification of the incident is furnished to the Director-General within e) The applicant is not a fit and proper person to have the
forty-eight hours of the occurrence. responsibilities and to exercise the functions and duties of a holder
of the license or certificate for which the application was made.
(2) The written report referred to in this rule shall contain such particulars as
the Director-General may specify in Air Navigation Orders or by other (2) The reasons for such a refusal shall be given in writing by the Director-
means. General to the applicant, including a statement of the facts or
circumstances that justify the refusal.
Part XVIII Penal Provisions and Prosecutions
333. Penalty for contravention of the rules.- 341. Suspension or cancellation of aerodrome or flying school
(1) A person who contravenes or fails to comply with any provision of these rules Licenses and air operator certificates etc.-
is guilty of an offence. (1) For the purpose of enforcing compliance with these rules or with the
(2) The owner, the operator and the hirer, and the pilot-in command and any requirements of Air Navigation Orders, or with directions issued under
other pilot, of an aircraft that flies in contravention of or fails to comply with any these rules, and provided that the purpose is to be secure safety of flight
provision of these rules is guilty of an offence. operations, the Director-General may:
a) suspend any license or approval granted by him under Parts IV, VI or
Part XIX With holding, Suspension and Cancellation of licenses and Cfts VIII of these rules or any certificate granted by him under Part XI of
these rules for such period of time as he may consider necessary,
340. Refusal to grant or renew a license or certificate.-
after recording reasons therefore in writing, and/or;
(1) The Director-General may refuse to grant or to renew a license or
b) With the approval of the Federal Government cancels such a license;
certificate under Parts IV, V, VI, VIII or XI of these rules on one or more
provided that in each case, notice in writing is delivered by hand to
of the following grounds:
the holder of the license or certificate or is sent to him by registered
a) The applicant has failed to satisfy a requirement prescribed by or post at the address given in the application for issue or renewal of the
specified under these rules in relation to the granting of the license license or certificate.
or certificate;
(2) The notice of suspension or cancellation under this rule shall include a
b) The applicant has made a false or misleading statement in his full statement of the facts or circumstances that constitute the grounds
application, or in connection with his application; for such action.
c) The applicant is the holder of a license that is suspended; 342. Suspension or cancellation of personnel licenses.-
d) The applicant was the holder of a license that has been cancelled; or (1) The Director General may vary, or suspend, and with the approval of the
Federal Government may cancel, a license issued under Part V of these

rules, where he is satisfied that one or more of the following is circulars and at any time that he deems it necessary to publish information
applicable: relating to conditions or requirements under these rules he may do so, by
including such information in the Aeronautical Information Publication, or in
a. the license holder has contravened or failed to comply with any
NOTAMS or in aeronautical information circulars, or in airworthiness notices,
provision of the Civil Aviation Ordinance, 1960, the Pakistan Civil
or air safety circulars, or in Civil Aviation Authority Publications, or by writing
Aviation Authority, Ordinance 1982, or of these rules;
under his own hand, as he considers appropriate”
b. the license holder fails to satisfy, or to continue to satisfy any
requirement prescribed by or specified under these rules in relation Air Navigation Orders are issued by different Directorates of PCAA.
to the obtaining or holding of such a license; Previously they were represented by:
c. the license holder obtained the license as a result of making an untrue
statement or by means of a misrepresentation;  90 Issued by PCAA Licensing Directorate
d. the license holder has not complied with the Requirements of Air  91 Issued by PCAA Flight Standards Directorate
Navigation Orders, or with directions issued under these rules;  92 issued by PCAA Airworthiness Directorate
e. the license holder has failed in his duty with respect to any matter Currently they are represented by:
affecting the safe or efficient flight operation of an aircraft;
 ANO-00X-XXLC Issued by PCAA Licensing Directorate
f. The license holder has ceased to be a fit and proper person to have the
 ANO.91.000X Issued by PCAA Flight Standards Directorate
responsibilities to exercise and perform the functions and duties of a
 ANO-0XX-AWRG Issued by PCAA Airworthiness Directorate
holder of such a license; or
g. The license holder is required to undergo an examination or test under Some of the following Air Navigation Orders are of great interest to Aircraft
clause (e), sub rule (2), rule 4 of these rules, Maintenance Engineers and Aircraft Maintenance Technician:
378. Repeal the Civil Aviation Rules, 1978, are hereby repealed. 1.5.5 Airworthiness Notices: (AWNOTs)
1.5.4 Air Navigation Orders: The Airworthiness Notices, hereinafter referred to as Notices, are issued by
These are the orders issued by DGCAA in accordance with Part 2 the Airworthiness Directorate of Civil Aviation Authority. The Notices are a
Administration, Rule regarding Duties and Powers of DGCAA Rule No. 4.3 means of circulating essential information of an administrative or technical
Rule 4.3 “Wherever the Director-General is empowered or required under nature to all Civil Aircraft Owners/ Organizations and Aircraft Maintenance
these rules to issue any direction, or to give any permission, approval or Engineers.
authority, he may unless the contrary intention appears in the rule conferring  These Notices are published as a guide and are intended to highlight
the power or function, or imposing the obligation or duty, issue the direction, important operational and maintenance requirements of Civil Aviation
or give the permission, approval or authority by writing under his hand or by Authority
inclusion in Air Navigation Orders or airworthiness notices, or air safety

 Instructions contained in these Notices are to be observed by all 1.6.2 EASA Organogram
concerned and where dates/periods are given for compliance with such
instructions, the specified date/period must not be exceeded, except by
the prior written authority of the Director Airworthiness
 Some of the following Air Worthiness Notices are of great interest to
Aircraft Maintenance Engineers and Aircraft Maintenance Technicians:
1.5.6 PCAA Policy Letters

These are letters issued by the DAW on any policy which needs to be
emphasized
1.6 THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY

1.6.1 European Aviation Safety Agency EASA
1) EASA is an agency of the European Union (EU) with offices in Cologne,

Germany, which has been given regulatory and executive tasks in the
field of civilian aviation safety.
2) It was created on 28 September 2003, and it reached full functionality in
2008, taking over functions of the JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities) Web
site www.easa.europa.eu

1.6.3 The Role of EASA in Legislation 10) EASA is an independent legal entity set up by the European Union.
11) EASA assists the European Union Commission in preparing European
1) EASA contributes to the production of all European Union legislation
Union legislation on civil aviation safety and environmental
related to the regulation of civil aviation safety and environmental
compatibility.
compatibility.
12) It also develops its own standards (certification specifications and
2) It submits opinions to the European Union Commission and must be
guidance material) to facilitate the implementation of its objectives).
consulted by the Commission on all legislative proposals in this field.
13) EASA is responsible for the certification of aeronautical products -
3) Its experts have direct contact with all relevant organizations and
aircraft, engine parts and appliances - and the organizations that design
authorities, and it makes use of the knowledge available within industry
them to ensure that aircraft are airworthy and meet environmental
and national administrations across the European Union.
standards.
4) EASA, in consultation with its stakeholders, adopts also so called 'soft
14) It is also the ‘one-stop-shop’ for the certification of foreign organizations
rules'.
that manufacture or maintain products used by Community operators.
5) These are non-binding standards, specifications and guidance material,
15) Where Community regulation is implemented at Member State level
to assist in the consistent application of European Union legislation
(issuing of individual airworthiness certificates and approvals to
across the European Union.
production and maintenance organizations and personnel in their
6) Where Community law is implemented at Member State level, EASA territory), EASA assists the Commission in overseeing its effective and
assists the Commission in overseeing its effective application and its uniform application.
uniform understanding.
16) EASA works closely with countries outside the European Union and
7) This ensures that the necessary standards are therefore being developed international organizations in the aviation field, to promote European
and maintained properly, uniformly and consistently across the Union safety standards and ensure a high degree of harmonization
European Union. across the world.
8) Therefore, EASA conducts inspections of undertakings as well as national 17) While the work of EASA focuses on the airworthiness and environmental
authorities throughout the European Union, both to monitor the compatibility of aeronautical products, it also will be given additional
application of European Union rules on aviation safety, and to assess the responsibilities as the scope of Community competences is extended to
effectiveness of these rules. the regulation of air operations, the licensing of flight crew and the
9) EASA also provides technical training, which is essential to achieve oversight of third country aircraft flying in the territory of Member
overall consistency and high-level standards. States.

1.6.4 Rule Making Regulation Structure

1.6.5 EASA Basic Regulation: (EC) No 216/2008

1.6.6 The Management of European Aviation Safety Agency d. With reference to rulemaking activities, EASA consults with two bodies:
1) Control of EASA is ensured through the Management Board, which is made e. National authorities (the Advisory Group of National Authorities - AGNA).
up of representatives of each European Union Member State and the This is a political forum. The UK CAA has one voice, in this group but that
European Union Commission. voice is significantly influential.
2) The Board adopts the work of EASA work program in cooperation with the f. Stakeholder’s representatives (the Safety Standards Consultative
European Union Commission. Committee - SSCC).
3) It also adopts EASA budget after approval by the European Union 1.6.8 Certification
Parliament.
1) The new Certification Directorate is responsible for:
4) The Management Board appoints the Executive Director, who has
a) The management of all applications for design organization approvals,
responsibility for the management of EASA.
the issue of related certificates and their continued monitoring.
5) To fulfill its tasks, the Board consults with an Advisory Body of Interested
b) The management of all applications from non EU countries, or from EU
Parties (ABIP), representing all aviation stakeholders.
country on request of the competent authority of that country, for
6) EASA is made up of four directorates, corresponding to its main tasks: production organization approvals, the issue of related certificates and
 Rulemaking their continued surveillance.
 Certification
c) The management of all applications from non-European Union
 Quality
countries for maintenance and maintenance training organization
 Standardization
approvals, the issue of related certificates and their continued
surveillance.
1.6.7 Rulemaking
1.6.9 Quality and Standardization
a. Currently the Basic Regulation establishes Community competence only
for the regulation of the airworthiness and environmental compatibility 1) Where European Community law is implemented at Member State
of aeronautical products, parts and appliances. level, the Agency assists the European Commission in overseeing its
effective application and its uniform understanding.
b. Work is underway to extend the scope of this regulation to embrace the
regulation of pilot licensing, air operations and third country aircraft. 2) The necessary standards are therefore being developed and maintained
c. It is envisaged also to extend the scope of the Basic Regulation to the properly, uniformly and consistently across the European Union.
safety regulation of airport operations and air traffic control services.

3) Accordingly, EASA conducts inspections of undertakings as well as 1.7 Relationship between Part-21, Part-M, Part-145, Part-66, Part-147 and
national authorities throughout the EU, both to monitor the application EU-OPS
of EU rules on aviation safety, and to assess the effectiveness of these 1.7.1 The Relationship between Part-66, Part-147 and Part-145
rules.
1) Under the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) regulation (EC)
4) EASA also provides technical training, which is essential to achieve 1592/2002 it is a legal requirement throughout the member states of the
overall consistency and high level standards. European Union (EU) for aircraft to be maintained by organizations,
5) In addition there is a directorate, which deals entirely with which have been approved to do so by EASA and the approval, has been
administration. issued and is being supervised on its behalf by the Competent Authority
in each member state and by EASA itself in non-member states.
6) Each Director reports to the Executive Director.
2) In the case of the UK the competent authority is the Civil Aviation
7) Decisions of EASA, which adversely affect a person or organization, may
Authority (CAA). The approval is issued in accordance with Implementing
be addressed to the Board of Appeal, established specifically for the
Regulations Part-145 (IR Part-145).
purpose.
3) As a consequence of this requirement, Certifying Maintenance Engineers
8) This Board is an independent body, whose decisions may be appealed and Mechanics who are employed within these maintenance
to the European Union Court of Justice. organizations are required, in the first instance to be approved to a
9) EASA is bound to implement the decisions of the Board of Appeal and suitable standard based on education, training and experience.
the Court. 4) On satisfying the basic requirements, Certifying Maintenance Engineers
and Mechanics are granted a license by the relevant competent
authority in accordance with Implementing Regulations Part-66 (IR Part-
66).
5) As they accumulate experience and undertake aircraft and equipment
type and task training then this is reflected on their individual licenses
and in the scope of work, which they are approved to carry out.
6) In order to obtain the elements of basic training necessary for the
granting of an IR Part-66 license and to take the necessary examinations,
which provide the evidence of conformity for the issue of a Part-66
license, organizations have been set up in accordance with Implementing
Regulations Part-147 (IR Part-147) these organizations are approved to

provide the basic training, conversion of license training and aircraft and 1.8 The Relationship between EASA and Other Aviation Authorities
equipment type training depending on the specification of each IR Part-
147 training organization approval. EASA works closely with representatives of other organizations to ensure
that the agency takes their views into account:
1) Interested parties in industry, which are subject to rules drafted by EASA,
are key to ensuring the success of civil aviation safety standards by
assisting in the drafting and correct application of European Community
and EASA rules;
2) European aviation authorities perform a critical role in assisting EASA
with the performance of its core rulemaking, certification and
standardization functions;
3) International aviation organizations such as the Joint Aviation
Authorities, Euro control and the International Civil Aviation
Organization work together with EASA to promote international civil
aviation standards;
4) International aviation authorities such as the Federal Aviation
Administration, Transport Canada, DAC/CTA (Brazil) and the Interstate
Aviation Committee (Russia) work with EASA to ensure compliance with
international standards and to facilitate trade in aeronautical products.
5) Accident investigation bodies issue safety recommendations and
analysis that guide the agency’s safety strategy.

2 Certifying Staff - Maintenance Moreover, it will be ensured that whenever there is any change in SARI-066
Detailed Understanding of ANO 066 document, ANO-066 and/or MNL-066 shall be updated accordingly.
FOREWORD
1. The Civil Aviation Authorities of South Asian Regional Initiative (SARI) members
(here in after referred as “Member State Country”) have agreed to a common
comprehensive and detailed aviation requirements, with a view to make it
compatible for maintenance carried out in one Member State to be accepted
by the Civil Aviation Authority in another Member State.
ANO-066-AWRG (herein also referred as “ANO-066”), requirements for
issuance of Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License has been developed to
address issuance of license of personnel’s involved in the maintenance of large
aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport, and components
intended for fitment thereto.
ANO-066 has been divided in to three chapters:
Chapter 1: Regulations
(Section A: Technical Requirements)*refer text below
Chapter 2: Acceptable Means of Compliance to ANO-066
(Section A: Technical Requirements)*
Chapter 3: Guidance Material to ANO-066
(Section A: Technical Requirements)*
* PCAA has published Section B of Chapter 1,2 & 3 of SARI Part- 066 document
in the form of “Manual” under the title of “PCAA Procedures for Aircraft
Maintenance Engineer License” with reference MNL-066-AWRG (herein also
referred as MNL-066)”.
MNL-066 will be the source document for all working procedures of PCAA to
deal with Aircraft Maintenance Licenses issued under ANO-066.

REGULATIONS  Category C
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS (b) Categories A and B1 are subdivided into subcategories relative to
combinations of aeroplanes, helicopters, turbine and piston engines. The
SUBPART A: AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE AEROPLANES AND
subcategories are:
HELICOPTERS  A1 and B1.1 Aeroplanes Turbine
 A2 and B1.2 Aeroplanes Piston
66.1 Authority
 A3 and B1.3 Helicopters Turbine
This Air Navigation Order (ANO) is issued by Director General of Pakistan Civil
 A4 and B1.4 Helicopters Piston
Aviation Authority (PCAA) in pursuance of power vested in him under Rule 4, 5,
180, 360 and sub rule (3) and (5) of Rule 333 and all other enabling provisions of (c) Categories B3 is applicable to piston-engine non-pressurized aeroplanes of
the Civil Aviation Rules 1994 (CARs, 1994). 2000 Kg MTOM.
66.2 Implementation 66. A.4 Applicability
This Air Navigation Order shall become effective from 11th September, 2017 and
supersedes ANO-066-AWRG-1.0, issued on 18th November, 2013, ANO-014- Applicable to all AMEs/Technicians/Aviation cadets who performs or intended to
AWRG-2.0 issued on 4th April, 2011, ANO-017-AWRG-2.0 issued on 4th April, 2011 perform maintenance activity, carryout scheduled/unscheduled inspection,
and Manual MNL-066-AWRG-1.0 dated 15th August, 2013. replacement, or modifications on Aircrafts in PCAA approved manner.
66. A.1 Scope 66. A.10 Application
This section defines the aircraft maintenance license and establishes the a) An application for an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License or change to such
requirements for application, issue and continuation of its validity
license shall be made on PCAA Form 19 in a manner established by PCAA and
(b) Categories A and B1 are subdivided into subcategories relative to combinations submitted thereto. .
of aeroplanes, helicopters, turbine and piston engines. The subcategories are: b) In addition to the documents required in points 66.A.10 (a), as appropriate, the
 A1 and B1.1 Aero planes Turbine applicant for additional basic categories or subcategories to an Aircraft
 A2 and B1.2 Aero planes Piston Maintenance Engineer license shall submit his/her current original Aircraft
 A3 and B1.3 Helicopters Turbine Maintenance Engineer license to PCAA together with PCAA Form 19.
 A4 and B1.4 Helicopters Piston 66. A.15 Eligibility
66. A.3 License Categories An applicant for an Aircraft Maintenance Engineer License shall be at least 18 years
(a) Aircraft maintenance licenses includes the following categories: of age.
 Category A
 Category B1 66. A.20 Privileges
 Category B2 (a) The following privileges shall apply:
 Category B3

1. A category A aircraft maintenance engineer licence permits the holder to issue  work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their
certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance and serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting.
simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the 5. A category C aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue
certification authorisation referred to in point 145.A.35 of ANO-145. The certificates of release to service following base maintenance on aircraft. The
certification privileges shall be restricted to work that the licence holder has privileges apply to the aircraft in its entirety.
personally performed in the maintenance organisation that issued the certification (b) The holder of an aircraft maintenance engineer license may not exercise
authorization. certification privileges unless:
2. A category B1 aircraft maintenance engineer licence shall permit the holder to 1. in compliance with the applicable requirements of ANO-M and / or ANO-
issue certificates of release to service and to act as B1 support staff following: 145; and
2. in the preceding 2-year period he/she has, either had six months of
 Maintenance performed on aircraft structure, powerplant and mechanical
maintenance experience in accordance with the privileges granted by
and electrical systems.
the aircraft maintenance engineer licence or, met the provision for the
 Work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their
issue of the appropriate privileges; and
serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting.
3. he/she has the adequate competence to certify maintenance on the
Category B1 includes the corresponding A subcategory.
corresponding aircraft; and
3. A category B2 aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder: 4. he/she is able to read, write and communicate to an understandable
i. to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B2 support staff for level in the language(s) in which the technical documentation and
following: procedures necessary to support the issue of the certificate of release
 maintenance performed on avionic and electrical systems, and to service are written.
 electrical and avionics tasks within power plant and mechanical systems,
requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability; and 66. A.25 Basic knowledge requirements
ii. to issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line (a) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance engineer license, or the addition of a
maintenance and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks category or subcategory to such a license, shall demonstrate by examination a level
specifically endorsed on the certification authorization referred to in point of knowledge in the appropriate subject modules in accordance with Appendix I to
145.A.35 of ANO-145. This certification privilege shall be restricted to work that this ANO. The examination shall be conducted either by a training organisation
the licence holder has personally performed in the maintenance organisation, appropriately approved in accordance with ANO-147/EASA Part-147 or by PCAA.
which issued the certification authorisation and limited to the ratings already (b) The training courses and examinations shall be passed within 10 years prior to
endorsed in the B2 licence. the application for an aircraft maintenance license or the addition of a category or
The category B2 license does not include any A subcategory. subcategory to such aircraft maintenance license. Should this not be the case,
examination credits may however be obtained in accordance with point (c).
4. A category B3 aircraft maintenance license shall permit the holder to issue (c) The applicant may apply to PCAA for full or partial examination credit to the
certificates of release to service and to act as B3 support staff for: basic knowledge requirements for:
 maintenance performed on aeroplane structure, powerplant and
mechanical and electrical systems,

1. Basic knowledge examinations that do not meet the requirement described in 66. A.30 Experience requirements
point (b) above; and
2. Any other technical qualification considered by PCAA to be equivalent to the (a) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance engineer licence shall have acquired:
knowledge standard of ANO-066. 1. for category ‘A’ and subcategories B1.2 and B1.4 and category B3:
Credits shall be granted in accordance with Subpart E of Section B of this ANO. (i) 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft, if the
(d) Credits expire 10 years after they were granted to the applicant by PCAA. applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or
The applicant may apply for new credits after expiration. (ii) 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and
completion of training considered relevant by PCAA as a skilled worker, in
Examination Credit a technical trade; or
(a) PCAA may only grant examination credit on the basis of an examination credit (iii) 1 year of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and
completion of a basic training course approved in accordance with ANO-
report
147/EASA Part-147.
(b) The examination credit report must be either developed by PCAA or approved
by PCAA. 2. for category B2 and subcategories B1.1 and B1.3:
(i) 5 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the
Examination credit report applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or
(a) For each technical qualification concerned, the report shall identify the subject (ii) 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and
matter and knowledge levels contained in Basic Knowledge Requirements to completion of training considered relevant by PCAA as a skilled worker, in
ANO-066 relevant to the particular category being compared. a technical trade; or
(iii) 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and
(b) The report shall include a statement of compliance against each subject stating completion of a basic training course approved in accordance with ANO-
where, in the technical qualification, the equivalent standard can be found. If 147/EASA Part-147.
there is no equivalent standard for the particular subject, the report shall state
3. for category C with respect to complex motor-powered aircraft:
such facts.
(i) 3 years of experience exercising category B1.1, B1.3 or B2 privileges on
(c) Based upon paragraph (b) comparison, the report shall indicate for each complex motor-powered aircraft or as support staff according to point
technical qualification concerned the Appendix I subject matters subject to 145.A.35, or, a combination of both; or
examination credits. (ii) 5 years of experience exercising category B1.2 or B1.4 privileges on complex
motor-powered aircraft or as support staff according to point 145.A.35, or
(d) Where the national qualification standard is changed, the report shall be
a combination of both;
amended as necessary. 4. for category C with respect to other than complex motor-powered aircraft:
3 years of experience exercising category B1 or B2 privileges on other than
complex motor-powered aircraft or as support staff according to point
145.A.35, or a combination of both;

5. For category C obtained through the academic route: (c) The experience shall be practical and involve a representative cross section of
An applicant holding an academic degree in a technical discipline, from a maintenance tasks on aircraft.
university or other higher educational institution recognized by Higher
Education Commission (d) At least 1 year of the required experience shall be recent maintenance
experience on aircraft of the category/subcategory for which the initial aircraft
(HEC) and PCAA, 3 years of experience working in a civil aircraft maintenance
environment on a representative selection of tasks directly associated with maintenance licence is sought. For subsequent category/subcategory additions to
aircraft maintenance including 6 months of observation of base maintenance an existing aircraft maintenance licence, the additional recent maintenance
tasks. experience required may be less than 1 year, but shall be at least 3 months. The
required experience shall be dependent upon the difference between the licence
(b) An applicant for an extension to an aircraft maintenance license shall have a category/subcategory held and applied for. Such additional experience shall be
minimum civil aircraft maintenance experience requirement appropriate to the typical of the new licence category/subcategory sought.
additional category or subcategory of license applied for as defined in Appendix IV
to this ANO. (e) Notwithstanding point (a), aircraft maintenance experience gained outside a
civil aircraft maintenance environment shall be accepted when such maintenance
The table below shows the experience requirements for adding a new category or is equivalent to that required by this ANO as established by PCAA. Additional
subcategory to an existing ANO-066 license. experience of civil aircraft maintenance shall, however, be required to ensure
The experience must be practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft in adequate understanding of the civil aircraft maintenance environment.
the subcategory relevant to the application.
(f) Experience shall have been acquired within the 10 years preceding the
The experience requirement will be reduced by 50% if the applicant has completed
an approved ANO-147/EASA Part-147 course relevant to the subcategory. application for an aircraft maintenance license or the addition of a category or
subcategory to such a license.
66. A.40 Continued validity of the aircraft maintenance engineer license
(a) The aircraft maintenance licence becomes invalid 2 years after its initial issue or
last renewal, unless the holder submits his/her aircraft maintenance licence to
PCAA, in order to verify that the information contained in the licence is the same
as that contained in PCAA records, pursuant to point 66.B.120.
(b) The holder of an aircraft maintenance licence shall complete the relevant parts
of PCAA Form 19 and submit it with the holder's copy of the licence to PCAA in
accordance with AWNOT-085, unless the holder works in a maintenance
organisation approved in accordance with ANO-145 that has a procedure in its
exposition whereby such organization may submit the necessary documentation
on behalf of the aircraft maintenance licence holder.

(c) Any certification privilege based upon an aircraft maintenance engineer license Basic Knowledge Requirements
becomes invalid as soon as the aircraft maintenance engineer licence is invalid.
1. Knowledge Levels — Category A, B1, B2 and C Aircraft Maintenance Engineer
(d) The aircraft maintenance engineer license is only valid (i) when issued and/or License Basic knowledge for categories A, B1 and B2 are indicated by the
changed by PCAA and (ii) when the holder has signed the document. allocation of knowledge levels indicators (1, 2 or 3) against each applicable
subject. Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or the category
66. A.55 Evidence of qualification
Personnel exercising certification privileges as well as support staff shall produce B2 basic knowledge levels. The knowledge level indicators are defined as
their licence, as evidence of qualification, within 24 hours upon request by an follows:
authorised person. 2. LEVEL 1:
A familiarization with the principal elements of the subject.
66. A.70 Conversion provisions Objectives:
(a) The holder of a valid certifying staff qualification issued by PCAA, prior to the 1) The applicant should be familiar with the basic elements of the subject.
date of entry into force of this ANO shall be issued an Aircraft Maintenance 2) The applicant should be able to give a simple description of the whole
Engineer license without further examination subject subject, using common words and examples.
3) The applicant should be able to use typical terms.
(b) A person undergoing a qualification process valid in Pakistan, prior to the date
of entry into force of this ANO may continue to be qualified. The holder of LEVEL 2:
a qualification gained following such qualification process shall be issued an A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. An
aircraft maintenance licence without further examination subject to the ability to apply that knowledge.
conditions specified in Conversion of National Qualifications
Objectives:
Conversion report for national qualifications 1) The applicant should be able to understand the theoretical fundamentals of
the subject.
The report shall describe the scope of each type of qualification and show to which
aircraft maintenance license it will be converted, which limitation will be added 2) The applicant should be able to give a general description of the subject
and the ANO-066 module/subjects on which examination is needed to ensure using, as appropriate, typical examples.
conversion to the aircraft maintenance license without limitation, or to include an 3) The applicant should be able to use mathematical formulae in conjunction
additional (sub-) category. The report shall include a copy of the existing regulation with physical laws describing the subject.
defining the license categories and scopes.
4) The applicant should be able to read and understand sketches, drawings
and schematics describing the subject.

5) The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner

using detailed procedures.
LEVEL 3:
A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. A
capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical
and comprehensive manner.
Objectives:
1) The applicant should know the theory of the subject and interrelationships
with other subjects.
2) The applicant should be able to give a detailed description of the subject
using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples.
3) The applicant should understand and be able to use mathematical formulae
related to the subject.
4) The applicant should be able to read, understand and prepare sketches,
simple drawings and schematics describing the subject.
5) The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner
using manufacturer's instructions.
2. MODULARIZATION
Qualification on basic subjects for each ANO-066 Aircraft Maintenance Engineer
license category or subcategory should be in accordance with the following
matrix. Applicable subjects are indicated by an ‘X’:

APPENDIX II - BASIC EXAMINATION STANDARD 1.10 Penalty marking systems must not be used to determine whether a
1. General candidate has passed.
1.1 All basic examinations must be carried out using the multi-choice question 1.11 A failed module may not be retaken for at least 90 days following the date of
format and essay questions as specified below. The incorrect alternatives shall the failed module examination, except in the case of a maintenance training
seem equally plausible to anyone ignorant of the subject. All of the alternatives organisation approved in accordance with ANO/EASA-147 which conducts a
shall be clearly related to the question and of similar vocabulary, grammatical course of retraining tailored to the failed subjects in the particular module when
construction and length. In numerical questions, the incorrect answers shall the failed module may be retaken after 30 days.
correspond to procedural errors such as corrections applied in the wrong sense or
incorrect unit conversions: they shall not be mere random numbers. 1.12 The time periods required by point 66.A.25 apply to each individual module
examination, with the exception of those module examinations which were
1.2 Each multi-choice question must have three alternative answers of which only passed as part of another category licence, where the licence has already been
one must be the correct answer and the candidate must be allowed a time per issued.
module, which is based upon a nominal average of 75 seconds per question.
1.13 The maximum number of consecutive attempts for each module is three.
1.3 Each essay question requires the preparation of a written answer and the Further sets of three attempts are allowed with a 1 year waiting period between
candidate must be allowed 20 minutes to answer each such question. sets.
1.4 Suitable essay questions must be drafted and evaluated using the knowledge The applicant shall confirm in writing to the approved maintenance training
syllabus in ANO-066, Appendix I Modules 7A, 7B, 9A, 9B and 10. organisation or the PCAA to which they apply for an examination, the number and
1.5 Each question will have a model answer drafted for it, which will also include dates of attempts during the last year and the organisation or the competent
any known alternative answers that may be relevant for other subdivisions. authority where these attempts took place. The maintenance training
organisation or PCAA (as the case may be) is responsible for checking the number
1.6 The model answer will also be broken down into a list of the important points of attempts within the applicable timeframes.
known as Key Points.
1.7 The pass mark for each module and sub-module multi-choice part of the
examination is 75 %.
1.8 The pass mark for each essay question is 75% in that the candidates answer
must contain 75% of the required key points addressed by the question and no
significant error related to any required key point.
1.9 If either the multi-choice part only or the essay part only is failed, then it is
only necessary to retake the multi-choice or essay part, as appropriate.

1. General
Aircraft type training shall consist of theoretical training and examination, and,
except for the category C ratings, practical training and assessment.
a) Theoretical training and examination shall comply with the following
requirements:
i) Shall be conducted by a maintenance training organisation appropriately
approved in accordance with ANO-147 or, when conducted by other
organisations, as directly approved by PCAA.
ii) Shall comply, except as permitted by the differences training described in
point (c), with the standard described in point 3.1 of this appendix and the type
training examination standard described in point 4.1 of this appendix.
iii) In the case of a category C person qualified by holding an academic degree
as specified in point 66.A.30(a)(5), the first relevant aircraft type theoretical
training shall be at the category B1 or B2 level.
iv) Shall have been started and completed within the 3 years preceding the
application for a type rating endorsement.
b) Practical training and assessment shall comply with the following requirements:
i) Shall be conducted by a maintenance training organisation appropriately
approved in accordance with ANO-147 or, when conducted by other
organisations, as directly approved by PCAA.
ii) Shall comply, except as permitted by the differences training described in
point (c), with the standard described in point 3.2 of this appendix, and the
type training assessment standard described in point 4.2 of this appendix.
iii) Shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities
relevant to the aircraft type.
iv) Shall include demonstrations using equipment, components, simulators,
other training devices or aircraft.
v) Shall have been started and completed within the 3 years preceding the
application for a type rating endorsement.
c) Differences training

i) Differences training is the training required in order to cover the differences troubleshooting, general knowledge of the theoretical and practical
between two different aircraft type ratings of the same manufacturer as aspects of the subject.
determined by PCAA.
Course objectives:
ii) Differences training has to be defined on a case-to-case basis taking into In addition to the information contained in the Level 1 training, at the completion
account the requirements contained in this Appendix III in respect of both of Level 2 training, the student will be able to:
theoretical and practical elements of type rating training. (a) Understand the theoretical fundamentals; apply knowledge in a practical
manner using detailed procedures;
iii) A type rating shall only be endorsed on a licence after differences training (b) Recall the safety precautions to be observed when working on or near the
when the applicant also complies with one of the following conditions: aircraft, powerplant and systems;
 having already endorsed on the licence the aircraft type rating from which (c) Describe systems and aircraft handling particularly access, power
the differences are being identified, or availability and sources.
 having completed the type training requirements for the aircraft from (d) Identify the locations of the principal components;
which the differences are being identified. (e) Explain the normal functioning of each major system, including terminology
2. Aircraft type training levels and nomenclature.
The three levels listed below define the objectives, the depth of training and the (f) Perform the procedures for servicing associated with the aircraft for the
level of knowledge that the training is intended to achieve. following systems: Fuel, Power Plants, Hydraulics, Landing Gear, Water/Waste,
 Level 1: A brief overview of the airframe, systems and powerplant as and Oxygen;
outlined in the Systems Description Section of the Aircraft Maintenance (g) Demonstrate proficiency in use of crew reports and on-board reporting
Manual/Instructions for Continued Airworthiness. systems (minor troubleshooting) and determine aircraft airworthiness per the
MEL/CDL;
Course objectives: (h) Demonstrate the use, interpretation and application of appropriate
Upon completion of Level 1 training, the student will be able to: documentation including instructions for continued airworthiness,
maintenance manual, illustrated parts catalogue, etc.
(a) Provide a simple description of the whole subject, using common words and
examples, using typical terms and identify safety precautions related to the  Level 3: Detailed description, operation, component location,
airframe, its systems and powerplant; removal/installation and bite and troubleshooting procedures to
(b) Identify aircraft manuals, maintenance practices important to the airframe, maintenance manual level.
its systems and powerplant
(c) Define the general layout of the aircraft's major systems; Course objectives:
(d) Define the general layout and characteristics of the powerplant; In addition to the information contained in Level 1 and Level 2 training, at the
(e) Identify special tooling and test equipment used with the aircraft. completion of Level 3 training, the student will be able to:
(a) Demonstrate a theoretical knowledge of aircraft systems and structures and
 Level 2: Basic system overview of controls, indicators, principal interrelationships with other systems, provide a detailed description of the
components, including their location and purpose, servicing and minor subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples and to interpret

results from various sources and measurements and apply corrective action (c) Duration:
where appropriate; The theoretical training minimum tuition hours are contained in the following
(b) Perform system, powerplant, component and functional checks as specified table:
in the maintenance manual;
(c) Demonstrate the use, interpret and apply appropriate documentation
including structural repair manual, troubleshooting manual, etc;
(d) Correlate information for the purpose of making decisions in respect of fault
diagnosis and rectification to maintenance manual level;
(e) Describe procedures for replacement of components unique to aircraft
type.
3. Aircraft type training standard
Although aircraft type training includes both theoretical and practical elements,
courses can be approved for the theoretical element, the practical element or for
a combination of both.
3.1. Theoretical element
(a) Objective:
On completion of a theoretical training course the student shall be able to
demonstrate, to the levels identified in the Appendix III syllabus, the detailed
theoretical knowledge of the aircraft’s applicable systems, structure,
operations, maintenance, repair, and troubleshooting according to approved
For the purpose of the table above, a tuition hour means 60 minutes of teaching
maintenance data. The student shall be able to demonstrate the use of
and exclude any breaks, examination, revision, preparation and aircraft visit.
manuals and approved procedures, including the knowledge of relevant
These hours apply only to theoretical courses for complete aircraft/engine
inspections and limitations.
combinations according to the type rating as defined by PCAA.
(b) Level of training: (d) Justification of course duration:
Training levels are those levels defined in point 2 above. Training courses carried out in a maintenance training organisation approved in
After the first type course for category C certifying staff all subsequent courses accordance with ANO-147 and courses directly approved by PCAA shall justify
need only be to level 1. During a level 3 theoretical training, level 1 and 2 their hour duration and the coverage of the full syllabus by a training needs
training material may be used to teach the full scope of the chapter if required. analysis based on:
However, during the training the majority of the course material and training  the design of the aircraft type, its maintenance needs and the types of
time shall be at the higher level. operation,
 detailed analysis of applicable chapters – see contents table in point
3.1(e) below,

 Detailed competency analysis showing that the objectives as stated in 3.2. Practical element
point 3.1(a) above are fully met. (a) Objective:
Where the training needs analysis shows that more hours are needed, course The objective of practical training is to gain the required competence in performing
lengths shall be longer than the minimum specified in the table. safe maintenance, inspections and routine work according to the maintenance
Similarly, tuition hours of differences courses or other training course manual and other relevant instructions and tasks as appropriate for the type of
combinations (such as combined B1/B2 courses), and in cases of theoretical type aircraft, for example troubleshooting, repairs, adjustments, replacements, rigging
training courses below the figures given in point 3.1(c) above, these shall be and functional checks. It includes the awareness of the use of all technical literature
justified to PCAA by the training needs analysis as described above. and documentation for the aircraft, the use of specialist/special tooling and test
In addition, the course must describe and justify the following: equipment for performing removal and replacement of components and modules
 the minimum attendance required to the trainee, in order to meet the unique to type, including any on-wing maintenance activity.
objectives of the course.
(b) Content:
 the maximum number of hours of training per day, taking into account
At least 50% of the crossed items in the table below, which are relevant to the
pedagogical and human factors principles.
particular aircraft type, shall be completed as part of the practical training.
If the minimum attendance required is not met, the certificate of recognition shall
Tasks crossed represent subjects that are important for practical training purposes
not be issued. Additional training may be provided by the training organisation in
to ensure that the operation, function, installation and safety significance of key
order to meet the minimum attendance time.
maintenance tasks is adequately addressed; particularly where these cannot be
(e) Content: fully explained by theoretical training alone. Although the list details the minimum
As a minimum, the elements in the syllabus below that are specific to the practical training subjects, other items may be added where applicable to the
aircraft type shall be covered. Additional elements introduced due to type particular aircraft type.
variations, technological changes, etc. shall also be included.
Tasks to be completed shall be representative of the aircraft and systems both in
The training syllabus shall be focused on mechanical and electrical aspects for
complexity and in the technical input required to complete that task. While
B1 personnel, and electrical and avionic aspects for B2.
relatively simple tasks may be included, other more complex tasks shall also be
(f) Multimedia Based Training (MBT) methods may be used to satisfy the incorporated and undertaken as appropriate to the aircraft type.
theoretical training element either in the classroom or in a virtual controlled Glossary of the table: LOC: Location; FOT: Functional / Operational Test; SGH:
environment subject to the acceptance of PCAA approving the training course. Service and Ground Handling; R/I: Removal / Installation; MEL: Minimum
Equipment List; TS: Trouble Shooting.
4. Type training examination and assessment standard

4.1. Theoretical element examination standard
After the theoretical portion of the aircraft type training has been completed, a
written examination shall be performed, which shall comply with the following:
(a) Format of the examination is of the multi-choice type. Each multi-choice
question shall have 3 alternative answers of which only one shall be the correct

answer. The total time is based on the total number of questions and the time for 4.2. Practical element examination standard
answering is based upon a nominal average of 90 seconds per question. After the practical element of the aircraft type training has been completed, an
assessment must be performed, which must comply with the following:
(b) The incorrect alternatives shall seem equally plausible to anyone ignorant of (a) The assessment shall be performed by designated assessors appropriately
the subject. All the alternatives shall be clearly related to the question and of
qualified.
similar vocabulary, grammatical construction and length. (b) The assessment shall evaluate the knowledge and skills of the trainee.
(c) In numerical questions, the incorrect answers shall correspond to procedural 5. Type examination standard
errors such as the use of incorrect sense (+ versus -) or incorrect measurement Type examination shall be conducted by training organisations appropriately
units. They shall not be mere random numbers. approved under ANO-147 or by PCAA.
(d) The level of examination for each chapter* shall be the one defined in point 2 The examination shall be oral, written or practical assessment based, or a
‘Aircraft type training levels’. However, the use of a limited number of questions at combination thereof and it shall comply with the following requirements:
a lower level is acceptable. (a) Oral examination questions shall be open.
(e) The examination shall be of the closed book type. No reference material is (b) Written examination questions shall be essay type or multiple-choice questions.
permitted. (c) Practical assessment shall determine a person's competence to perform a task.
An exception will be made for the case of examining a B1 or B2 candidate's ability
to interpret technical documents. (d) Examination shall be on a sample of chapters** drawn from point 3 type
(f) The number of questions shall be at least 1 question per hour of instruction. The training/examination syllabus, at the indicated level.
number of questions for each chapter and level shall be proportionate to:
(e) The incorrect alternatives shall seem equally plausible to anyone ignorant of
 the effective training hours spent teaching at that chapter and level;
the subject. All of the alternatives shall be clearly related to the question and of
 the learning objectives as given by the training needs analysis.
similar vocabulary, grammatical construction and length.
PCAA will assess the number and the level of the questions when approving the
course. (f) In numerical questions, the incorrect answers shall correspond to procedural
errors such as corrections applied in the wrong sense or incorrect unit conversions:
(g) The minimum examination pass mark is 75 %. When the type training
they shall not be mere random numbers.
examination is split in several examinations, each examination shall be passed with
at least a 75 % mark. (g) The examination shall ensure that the following objectives are met:
In order to be possible to achieve exactly a 75 % pass mark, the number of
questions in the examination shall be a multiple of 4. 1. Properly discuss with confidence the aircraft and its systems.
2. Ensure safe performance of maintenance, inspections and routine work
(h) Penalty marking (negative points for failed questions) is not to be used. according to the maintenance manual and other relevant instructions and tasks
as appropriate for the type of aircraft, for example troubleshooting, repairs,
(i) End of module phase examinations cannot be used as part of the final
adjustments, replacements, rigging and functional checks such as engine run,
examination unless they contain the correct number and level of questions
etc., if required.
required.
3. Correctly use all technical literature and documentation for the aircraft.

4. Correctly use specialist/special tooling and test equipment, perform removal PCAA FORM – 26
and replacement of components and modules unique to type, including any
on-wing maintenance activity AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEER LICENSE
1. An example of the aircraft maintenance license referred to in ANO-066 can be
(h) The following conditions apply to the examination:
1. The maximum number of consecutive attempts is three. Further sets of three found on the following pages.
attempts are allowed with a 1 year waiting period between sets. A waiting
period of 30 days is required after the first failed attempt within one set, and a
waiting period of 60 days is required after the second failed attempt.
The applicant shall confirm in writing to the maintenance training organisation
or to the PCAA to which they apply for an examination, the number and dates
of attempts during the last year and the maintenance training organisation or
PCAA where these attempts took place. The maintenance training organisation
or PCAA is responsible for checking the number of attempts within the
applicable timeframes.
2. The type examination shall be passed and the required practical experience
shall be completed within the three years preceding the application for the
rating endorsement on the aircraft maintenance licence.
3. Type examination shall be performed with at least one examiner present.
The examiner(s) shall not have been involved in the applicant’s training.
(i) A written and signed report shall be made by the examiner(s) to explain why
the candidate has passed or failed.
PCAA FORM – 19
APPLICATION FORM
1. PCAA form-19 is used for application for the Aircraft Maintenance Engineer
license referred in this ANO.


EASA Part 66 (b) An application for the change to an aircraft maintenance licence shall be made
SECTION A TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS to the competent authority of the Member State that issued the aircraft
maintenance licence.
SUBPART A
(c) In addition to the documents required, as appropriate, the applicant for
AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENCE additional basic categories or subcategories to an aircraft maintenance licence shall
66. A.1 Scope submit his/her current original aircraft maintenance licence to the competent
This section defines the aircraft maintenance license and establishes the authority together with the EASA Form 19.
requirements for application, issue and continuation of its validity. (d) Each application shall be supported by documentation to demonstrate
66. A.3 Licence categories compliance with the applicable theoretical knowledge, practical training and
experience requirements at the time of application.
(a) Aircraft maintenance licences include the following categories:
— Category A 66. A.15 Eligibility
— Category B1 An applicant for an aircraft maintenance licence shall be at least 18 years of age.
— Category B2
66. A.20 Privileges
— Category B3
— Category C (a) The following privileges shall apply:
1. A category a aircraft maintenance licence permits the holder to issue
(b) Categories A and B1 are subdivided into subcategories relative to combinations
certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance
of aeroplanes, helicopters, turbine and piston engines. These subcategories are:
and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed
— A1 and B1.1 Aeroplanes Turbine
on the certification authorization. The certification privileges shall be
— A2 and B1.2 Aeroplanes Piston
restricted to work that the licence holder has personally performed in the
— A3 and B1.3 Helicopters Turbine
maintenance organisation that issued the certification authorisation.
— A4 and B1.4 Helicopters Piston
2. A category B1 aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue
(a) Category B3 is applicable to piston-engine non-pressurized aeroplanes of 2 000
certificates of release to service and to act as B1 support staff following:
kg MTOM and below.
— Maintenance performed on aircraft structure, power plant and mechanical
66. A.10 Application and electrical systems,
— Work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests to prove their
(a) An application for an aircraft maintenance licence or change to such licence serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting.
shall be made on an EASA Form 19. Category B1 includes the corresponding A subcategory.

3. A category B2 aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder: 3. he/she has the adequate competence to certify maintenance on the
(i) to issue certificates of release to service and to act as B2 support staff for corresponding aircraft; and
following:
4. he/she is able to read, write and communicate to an understandable level in
— maintenance performed on avionic and electrical systems, and
the language(s) in which the technical documentation and procedures
— electrical and avionics tasks within power plant and mechanical systems,
necessary to support the issue of the certificate of release to service are
requiring only simple tests to prove their serviceability; and (ii) to issue
written.
certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance
and simple defect rectification within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed 66. A.25 Basic knowledge requirements
on the certification authorization. This certification privilege shall be (a) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance licence, or the addition of a category
restricted to work that the licence holder has personally performed in the or subcategory to such a licence, shall demonstrate by examination a level of
maintenance organisation which issued the certification authorisation and knowledge in the appropriate subject modules in accordance with the Basic
limited to the ratings already endorsed in the B2 licence. Knowledge requirements, as led down in Annex III (Part-66). The examination
The category B2 licence does not include any A subcategory. shall be conducted either by a training organisation appropriately approved
in accordance with Annex IV (Part-147) or by the competent authority.
4. A category B3 aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue
certificates of release to service and to act as B3 support staff for: (b) The training courses and examinations shall be passed within 10 years prior
— maintenance performed on aeroplane structure, power plant and mechanical to the application for an aircraft maintenance licence or the addition of a
and electrical systems, — work on avionic systems requiring only simple tests category or subcategory to such aircraft maintenance licence. Should this not
to prove their serviceability and not requiring troubleshooting. be the case, examination credits may however be obtained in accordance with
5. A category C aircraft maintenance licence shall permit the holder to issue point (c).
certificates of release to service following base maintenance on aircraft. The
(c) The applicant may apply to the competent authority for full or partial
privileges apply to the aircraft in its entirety.
examination credit to the basic knowledge requirements for:
(b) The holder of an aircraft maintenance licence may not exercise its privileges 1. basic knowledge examinations that do not meet the requirement described in
unless: point (b) above; and
1. in compliance with the applicable requirements of Annex I (Part-M) and Annex 2. any other technical qualification considered by the competent authority to be
II (Part-145); and equivalent to the knowledge standard of Annex III (Part-66). Credits shall be
2. in the preceding 2-year period he/she has, either had 6 months of granted in accordance with Subpart E of Section B of this Annex (Part-66).
maintenance experience in accordance with the privileges granted by the
aircraft maintenance licence or, met the provision for the issue of the
appropriate privileges; and

(d) Credits expire 10 years after they were granted to the applicant by the 3. for category C with respect to large aircraft:
competent authority. The applicant may apply for new credits after (i) 3 years of experience exercising category B1.1, B1.3 or B2 privileges on large
expiration. aircraft or as support staff, or, a combination of both; or
66. A.30 Basic experience requirements (ii) 5 years of experience exercising category B1.2 or B1.4 privileges on large
(a) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance licence shall have acquired: aircraft or as support staff, or a combination of both;
1. for category A, subcategories B1.2 and B1.4 and category B3: 4. for category C with respect to other than large aircraft:
(i) 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft, if the 3 years of experience exercising category B1 or B2 privileges on other than large
applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or aircraft or as support staff, or a combination of both;
5. For category C obtained through the academic route:
(ii) 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and
completion of training considered relevant by the competent authority as a (a) An applicant holding an academic degree in a technical discipline, from a
skilled worker, in a technical trade; or university or other higher educational institution recognized by the
competent authority, 3 years of experience working in a civil aircraft
(iii) 1 year of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and maintenance environment on a representative selection of tasks directly
completion of a basic training course approved in accordance with Annex IV associated with aircraft maintenance including 6 months of observation of
(Part-147); base maintenance tasks.
2. for category B2 and subcategories B1.1 and B1.3: (b) An applicant for an extension to an aircraft maintenance licence shall have a
(i) 5 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the minimum civil aircraft maintenance experience requirement appropriate to
applicant has no previous relevant technical training; or the additional category or subcategory of licence applied for as defined in
Annex (Part-66).
(ii) 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and
completion of training considered relevant by the competent authority as a (c) The experience shall be practical and involve a representative cross section of
skilled worker, in a technical trade; or maintenance tasks on aircraft.
(iii) 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and (d) At least 1 year of the required experience shall be recent maintenance
completion of a basic training course approved in accordance with Annex IV experience on aircraft of the category/subcategory for which the initial
(Part-147); aircraft maintenance licence is sought. For subsequent category/subcategory
additions to an existing aircraft maintenance licence, the additional recent
maintenance experience required may be less than 1 year, but shall be at

least 3 months. The required experience shall be dependent upon the (c) Any certification privilege based upon a aircraft maintenance licence becomes
difference between the licence category/subcategory held and applied for. invalid as soon as the aircraft maintenance licence is invalid.
Such additional experience shall be typical of the new licence category/
(d) The aircraft maintenance licence is only valid
subcategory sought.
(i) When issued and/or changed by the competent authority and
(e) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), aircraft maintenance experience gained (ii) When the holder has signed the document.
outside a civil aircraft maintenance environment shall be accepted when such
66. A.45 Endorsement with aircraft ratings
maintenance is equivalent to that required by this Annex (Part-66) as
established by the competent authority. Additional experience of civil aircraft (a) In order to be entitled to exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft
maintenance shall, however, be required to ensure adequate understanding type, the holder of an aircraft maintenance licence need to have his/her
of the civil aircraft maintenance environment. licence endorsed with the relevant aircraft ratings.
(f) Experience shall have been acquired within the 10 years preceding the 66. A.50 Limitations
application for an aircraft maintenance licence or the addition of a category (a) Limitations introduced on an aircraft maintenance licence are exclusions from
or subcategory to such a licence. the certification privileges and affect the aircraft in its entirety.
66. A.40 Continued validity of the aircraft maintenance licence (b) Limitations shall be removed upon:
(a) The aircraft maintenance licence becomes invalid 5 years after its last issue or 1. Demonstration of appropriate experience; or
change, unless the holder submits his/her aircraft maintenance licence to the 2. after a satisfactory practical assessment performed by the competent
competent authority that issued it, in order to verify that the information authority.
contained in the licence is the same as that contained in the competent (c) Satisfactory completion of examination on those modules/subjects
authority records,
66. A.55 Evidence of qualification
(b) The holder of an aircraft maintenance licence shall complete the relevant
parts of EASA Form 19 and submit it with the holder’s copy of the licence to Personnel exercising certification privileges as well as support staff shall produce
the competent authority that issued the original aircraft maintenance licence, their licence, as evidence of qualification, within 24 hours upon request by an
unless the holder works in a maintenance organisation approved in authorized person.
accordance with Annex II (Part-145) that has a procedure in its exposition
whereby such organisation may submit the necessary documentation on
behalf of the aircraft maintenance licence holder.

SECTION B PROCEDURE FOR COMPETENT AUTHORITIES (h) Examination candidates shall be separated from each other so that they cannot
read each other’s examination papers. They may not speak to any person other
SUBPART C EXAMINATIONS
than the examiner.
This Subpart provides the procedures to be followed for the examinations
(i) Candidates who are proven to be cheating shall be banned from taking any
conducted by the competent authority.
further examination within 12 months of the date of the examination in which they
66. B.200 Examination by the competent authority were found cheating.
(a) All examination questions shall be kept in a secure manner prior to an SUBPART E EXAMINATION CREDITS
examination, to ensure that candidates will not know which particular questions
This Subpart provides the procedures for granting examination credits
will form the basis of the examination.
66. B.400 General
(b) The competent authority shall nominate:
(a) The competent authority may only grant credit on the basis of a credit report
1. Persons who control the questions to be used for each examination;
prepared
2. Examiners who shall be present during all examinations to ensure the integrity
of the examination. (b) The credit report shall be either
(i) Developed by the competent authority or
(c) Basic examinations shall follow the standard specified
(ii) Approved by the competent authority to ensure compliance with this Annex
(d) Type training examinations and type examinations shall follow the standard (Part-66).
specified
(c) Credit reports together with any change of these shall be dated and kept on
(e) New essay questions shall be raised at least every 6 months and questions
record by the competent authority
already used withdrawn or rested from use. A record of the questions used shall
be retained in the records for reference. 66. B.405 Examination credit report
All examination papers shall be handed out at the start of the examination to the
(a) The credit report shall include a comparison between:
candidate and handed back to the examiner at the end of the allotted examination
(i) the modules, sub-modules, subjects and knowledge levels; and
time period. No examination paper may be removed from the examination room
(ii) the syllabus of the technical qualification concerned relevant to the
during the allotted examination time period.
particular category being sought. This comparison shall state if compliance is
(g) Apart from specific documentation needed for type examinations, only the demonstrated and contain the justifications for each statement.
examination paper may be available to the candidate during the examination.
(b) Credit for examinations, other than basic knowledge examinations carried out
in maintenance training organisations approved in accordance with Annex IV (Part-
147), can only be granted by the competent authority of the Member State in

which the qualification has been obtained, without prejudice to bilateral

agreements.
(c) No credit can be granted unless there is a statement of compliance against each
module and sub-module, stating where, in the technical qualification, the
equivalent standard can be found.
(d) The competent authority shall check on a regular basis whether

(i) the national qualification standard or
(ii) Basic Knowledge Requirements i.a.w this Annex (Part-66) have changed and
assess if changes to the credit report are consequently required. Such changes
shall be documented, dated and recorded.
66. B.410 Examination credit validity
(a) The competent authority shall notify to the applicant in writing any credits
granted together with the reference to the credit report used.
(b) Credits shall expire 10 years after they are granted.
(c) Upon expiration of the credits, the applicant may apply for new credits. The
competent authority shall continue the validity of the credits for an additional
period of 10 years without further consideration if basic knowledge requirements
have not been changed.

3 Approved Maintenance Organization and will include provision for changes to be made with amendments to ICAO
SARPS, and EASA Part 145.
Detailed Understanding of ANO-145
1. The Civil Aviation Authorities of South Asian Regional Initiative (SARI) members 4. Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority has agreed to adapt SARI 145 into its national
(here in after referred as “Member State Country”) have agreed to a common codes with National Variants and it shall NOT unilaterally initiate amendment of its
comprehensive and detailed aviation requirements, with a view to make it national codes without having made a proposal for amendment of SARI Part 145 in
compatible for maintenance carried out in one Member State to be accepted by accordance with the agreed procedure.
the Civil Aviation Authority in another Member State. 5. Definitions and abbreviations of terms used in ANO 145 that are specific to this
ANO-145-AWRG, (herein also referred as ANO 145), requirements for ‘Approved ANO are given in Para.A.1 of this ANO and covered under respective clauses of the
Maintenance Organisations’ has been developed on the basis of Master Document ANO.
of SARI Part-145. The ANO 145 is applicable to maintenance organisations involved 6. Amendments to the text in ANO 145 are issued as amendment pages containing
in the maintenance of large aircraft or of aircraft used for commercial air transport, revised paragraphs, following NPA adoption.
and components intended for fitment thereto. The ANO 145 has been divided in to
Two Sections: 7. New, amended and corrected text will be enclosed within heavy brackets until a
subsequent ‘Amendment’ is issued.
Section A: Implementing Regulations, Acceptable Means of Compliance &
Guidance Material (Technical Requirements) 8. The editing practices used in this document are as follows:
(a) ‘Shall’ is used to indicate a mandatory requirement and may appear in this ANO.
Section B: Procedures for PCAA & Acceptable Means of Compliance to ANO 145 (b) ‘Should’ is used to indicate a recommendation and normally appears in AMCs
(Published separately as PCAA Manual MNL-145-AWRG) and GM.
2. EASA Part 145 (EU regulations 2042/003 amended by 1149/2011, 962/2010, (c) ‘May’ is used to indicate discretion by the Authority, the industry or the
127/2010, EC 1056/2008, EC 376/2007, EC 707/2006 as well as EASA ED Decision applicant, as appropriate.
2003/19/RM amended by Decision 2012/002/R, 2011/011/R, 2010/006/R, (d) ‘Will’ indicates a mandatory requirement and is used to advise industry of action
2010/002/R, 2009/007/R, 2007/002/R & 2006/011/R for the AMC and GM) has incumbent on the Authority.
been selected to provide the basic content of ANO 145, but with appropriate 9. Following amended paragraphs, a summary of the amendments made to the
customization for the needs of Pakistan. The paragraph numbering is as per SARI paragraph is indicated in square brackets.
Part-145 Master document. When technical differences exist with respect to EASA
Part-145, the text in italics is to be taken as the wordings of ANO-145. SECTION A: TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
ANO 145.A.1 General
3. Future development of the requirements of ANO 145 will be in accordance with
Within the scope of this regulation, the following definitions shall apply:
the Notice of Proposed Amendment (NPA) procedures agreed among Member
(a) ‘Aircraft’ means any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from
States usually after industry consultation. This procedure will allow for the
the reactions of the air other than reactions of the air against the earth's
amendment of ANO 145 to be proposed by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan
surface;

(b) ‘Certifying staff’ means personnel responsible for the release of an aircraft or a under Para 145.A.5 of this ANO. Phase wise implementation of this ANO for the
component after maintenance; organizations which have been carrying out the Maintenance under ANO-001-
(c) ‘Component’ means any engine, propeller, part or appliance; AWRG-5.0 or previously enforced regulations shall be in accordance with the latest
(d) ‘large aircraft’ means an aircraft, classified as an aeroplane with a maximum directive issued by Airworthiness Directoarte.
take-off mass of more than 5 700 kg (12 500 pounds), or a multi-engine
helicopter; ANO 145.A.5 Applicability
(e) ‘Large aeroplane’ means an aeroplane of more than 5,700 kg (12,500 pounds) Organisations involved in the maintenance of large aircraft or of aircraft used for
maximum certificated take-off weight. The category ‘Large Aeroplane’ does commercial air transport, and components intended for fitment thereto, shall be
not include the commuter aeroplane category. approved in accordance with the provisions of this ANO.
(f) ‘Commuter category aeroplane’ means a propeller driven twin engined ANO 145.A.15 Application
aeroplane that has a seating configuration, excluding the pilot seat(s) of
An application for the issue, change or continuation of an approval shall be made
nineteen or fewer and a maximum certified takeoff weight of 8618 Kg (19000
to PCAA in a form and manner established by Authority.
lbs).
(g) ‘Maintenance’ means in relation to aircraft or an aircraft component, the ANO 145.A.25 Facility Requirements
performance of tasks required to ensure the continuring airworthiness of an The organisation shall ensure that:
aircraft or an aircraft component including any one or combination or overhaul
inspection, replacement, defect rectification and the embodiment of a (a) Facilities are provided appropriate for all planned work, ensuring in particular,
modification or repair. protection from the weather elements. Specialized workshops and bays are
(h) ‘Organisation’ means a natural person, a legal person or part of a legal person. segregated as appropriate, to ensure that environmental and work area
Such an organisation may hold more than one Part 145 approval; contamination is unlikely to occur.
(i) ‘Pre-flight inspection’ means the inspection carried out before flight to ensure 1. For base maintenance of aircraft, aircraft hangars are both available and large
that the aircraft is fit for the intended flight; enough to accommodate aircraft on planned base maintenance;
(j) “Principle place of business” means the head office or the registered office of 2. For component maintenance, component workshops are large enough to
the undertaking within which the principle financial functions and operational accommodate the components on planned maintenance.
control of the activities referred to in this Regulation are exercised.
(b) Office accommodation is provided for the management of the planned work
ANO 145.A.2 Authority referred to in paragraph (a), and certifying staff so that they can carry out their
This Air Navigation order is issued by Director General Civil Aviation Authority of designated tasks in a manner that contributes to good aircraft maintenance
Pakistan in pursuance of powers vested in him under Rules 4, 5, 25 thru 30, Rule standards.
32, 33, sub-rule (2) of 51, sub-rule (3) and (5) of 333, Rule 341, 360 and all other
(c) The working environment including aircraft hangars, component workshops and
enabling provisions of the Civil Aviation Rules, 1994.
office accommodation is appropriate for the task carried out and in particular
ANO 145.A.3 Implementation
special requirements observed. Unless otherwise dictated by the particular task
This Air Navigation Order shall be effective wef 1st December, 2017 and
environment, the working environment must be such that the effectiveness of
supersedes earlier revisions of ANO-145 and ANO-001-AWRG-5.0 dated 4th April,
personnel is not impaired:
2011 on ‘Approval of Maintenance Organisations’ specific to organisations defined

1. Temperatures must be maintained such that personnel can carry out required 1. ensure that all necessary resources are available to accomplish maintenance in
tasks without undue discomfort. accordance with 145.A.65(b) to support the organisation approval.
2. Dust and any other airborne contamination are kept to a minimum and not be 2. establish and promote the safety and quality policy specified in 145.A.65(a).
permitted to reach a level in the work task area where visible 3. demonstrate a basic understanding of this ANO.
aircraft/component surface contamination is evident. Where dust/other
airborne contamination results in visible surface contamination, all susceptible (b) The organisation shall nominate a person or group of persons, whose
systems are sealed until acceptable conditions are re-established. responsibilities include ensuring that the organisation complies with this ANO. Such
3. Lighting is such as to ensure each inspection and maintenance task can be carried person(s) shall ultimately be responsible to the accountable manager.
out in an effective manner. 1. The person or persons nominated shall represent the maintenance management
4. Noise shall not distract personnel from carrying out inspection tasks. Where it is structure of the organisation and be responsible for all functions specified in
impractical to control the noise source, such personnel are provided with the this ANO.
necessary personal equipment to stop excessive noise causing distraction 2. The person or persons nominated shall be identified and their credentials
during inspection tasks. submitted in a form and manner established by PCAA.
5. Where a particular maintenance task requires the application of specific 3. The person or persons nominated shall be able to demonstrate relevant
environmental conditions different to the foregoing, then such conditions are knowledge, background and satisfactory experience related to aircraft or
observed. Specific conditions are identified in the maintenance data. component maintenance and demonstrate a working knowledge of this ANO.
6. The working environment for line maintenance is such that the particular 4. Procedures shall make clear who deputizes for any particular person in the case
maintenance or inspection task can be carried out without undue distraction. of lengthy absence of the said person.
Therefore, where the working environment deteriorates to an unacceptable (c) The accountable manager under paragraph (a) shall appoint a person with
level in respect of temperature, moisture, hail, ice, snow, wind, light, responsibility for monitoring the quality system, including the associated feedback
dust/other airborne contamination, the particular maintenance or inspection system as required by 145.A.65(c). The appointed person shall have direct access
tasks must be suspended until satisfactory conditions are re-established. to the accountable manager to ensure that the accountable manager is kept
(d) Secure storage facilities are provided for components, equipment, tools and properly informed on quality and compliance matters.
material. Storage conditions ensure segregation of serviceable components and
material from unserviceable aircraft components, material, equipment and tools. (d) The organisation shall have a maintenance manhour plan showing that the
The conditions of storage are in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions organisation has sufficient staff to plan, perform, supervise, inspect and quality
to prevent deterioration and damage of stored items. Access to storage facilities is monitor the organization in accordance with the approval. In addition, the
restricted to authorised personnel. organisation shall have a procedure to reassess work intended to be carried out
when actual staff availability is less than the planned staffing level for any particular
ANO 145.A.30 Personnel Requirements work shift or period.
(a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager who has corporate
authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can be (e) The organisation shall establish and control the competence of personnel
financed and carried out to the standard required by this ANO. The accountable involved in any maintenance, management and/or quality audits in accordance
manager shall: with a procedure and to a standard agreed by the competent authority. In addition
to the necessary expertise related to the job function, competence must include

an understanding of the application of human factors and human performance (i) B1 and B2 support staff shall ensure that all relevant tasks or inspections have
issues appropriate to that person's function in the organisation. "Human factors" been carried out to the required standard before the category C certifying staff
means principles, which apply to aeronautical design, certification, training, issues the certificate of release to service.
operations and maintenance and which seek safe interface between the human (ii) The organisation shall maintain a register of any such B1 and B2 support staff.
and other system components by proper consideration of human performance. (iii) The category C certifying staff shall ensure that compliance with paragraph (i)
"Human performance" means human capabilities and limitations, which have an has been met and that all work required by the customer has been
impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations. accomplished during the particular base maintenance check or work package,
and shall also assess the impact of any work not carried out with a view to
(f) The organisation shall ensure that personnel who carry out and/or control a either requiring its accomplishment or agreeing with the operator to defer such
continued airworthiness non-destructive test of aircraft structures and/or work to another specified check or time limit.
components are appropriately qualified for the particular non-destructive test in 2. in the case of base maintenance of aircraft other than large aircraft have either:
accordance with the European or equivalent (i) appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified as category B1, B2, B3, as
Standard recognised by PCAA. Personnel who carry out any other specialised task appropriate, in accordance with ANO-066 and point 145.A.35 or,
shall be appropriately qualified in accordance with officially recognised Standards. (ii) appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified in category C assisted by
By derogation to this paragraph those personnel specified in paragraphs (g) and support staff as specified in point 145.A.35(a)(i).
(h)(1) and (h)(2), qualified in category B1 or B3 in accordance with ANO-066 may (iii) Component certifying staff shall comply with latest revision of AWNOT-025-
carry out and/or control colour contrast dye penetrant tests. AWEG.
(g) Any organisation maintaining aircraft, except where stated otherwise in point (j) By derogation to paragraphs (g) and (h), in relation to the obligation to comply
(j), shall in the case of aircraft line maintenance, have appropriate aircraft rated with ANO-066, the organisation may use certifying staff qualified in accordance
certifying staff qualified as category B1, B2, B3, as appropriate, in accordance with with the following provisions:
ANO-066 and point 145.A.35. 1. For organisation facilities located outside Pakistan the certifying staff may be
In addition, such organisations may also use appropriately task trained certifying qualified in accordance with the national aviation regulations of the State in
staff holding the privileges described in points 66.A.20(a)(1) and 66.A.20(a)(3)(ii) which the organisation facility is registered subject to the conditions specified
and qualified in accordance with ANO-066 and point 145.A.35 to carry out minor in Appendix IV to this ANO.
scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification. The availability of such 2. For line maintenance carried out at a line station of an organisation which is
certifying staff shall not replace the need for category B1, B2, B3 certifying staff, as located outside Pakistan, the certifying staff may be qualified in accordance
appropriate. with the national aviation regulations of the State in which the line station is
based, subject to the conditions specified in Appendix IV to this ANO.
(h) Any organisation maintaining aircraft, except where stated otherwise in 3. For a repetitive pre‐flight airworthiness directive which specifically states that
paragraph (j) shall: the flight crew may carry out such airworthiness directive, the organisation
1. in the case of base maintenance of large aircraft, have appropriate aircraft type may issue a limited certification authorisation to the aircraft commander
rated certifying staff qualified as category C in accordance with ANO-066 and and/or the flight engineer on the basis of the flight crew license held. However,
145. A.35. In addition the organisation shall have sufficient aircraft type rated the organisation shall ensure that sufficient practical training has been carried
staff qualified as category B1, B2 as appropriate in accordance with ANO-066
and 145.A.35 to support the category C certifying staff.

out to ensure that such aircraft commander or flight engineer can accomplish base maintenance environment while not necessarily holding certification
the airworthiness directive to the required standard. privileges.
(ii) ‘Relevant aircraft and/or components’, means those aircraft or components
4. In the case of aircraft operating away from a supported location the organization specified in the particular certification authorisation.
may issue a limited certification authorisation to the commander and/or the flight
(iii) ‘Certification authorisation’ means the authorisation issued to certifying staff
engineer on the basis of the flight crew license held subject to being satisfied that by the organisation and which specifies the fact that they may sign certificates
sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure that the commander or of release to service within the limitations stated in such authorisation on
flight engineer can accomplish the specified task to the required standard. The behalf of the approved organisation.
provisions of this paragraph shall be detailed in an exposition procedure.
(b) Excepting those cases listed in ANO-145.A.30(j) and ANO-066.A.20(a)3(ii) the
5. In the following unforeseen cases, where an aircraft is grounded at a location organization may only issue a certification authorisation to certifying staff in
other than the main base where no appropriate certifying staff is available, the
relation to the basic categories or subcategories and any type rating listed on the
organization contracted to provide maintenance support may issue a one-off aircraft maintenance licence as required by ANO-066, subject to the license
certification authorisation: remaining valid throughout the validity period of the authorisation and the
(i) to one of its employees holding equivalent type authorisations on aircraft of certifying staff remaining in compliance with ANO-066.
similar technology, construction and systems; or
(ii) to any person with not less than five years maintenance experience and holding (c) The organisation shall ensure that all certifying staff and support staff are
a valid ICAO aircraft maintenance license rated for the aircraft type requiring involved in at least six months of actual relevant aircraft or component
certification provided there is no organisation appropriately approved under maintenance experience in any consecutive two year period.
this ANO at that location and the contracted organisation obtains and holds on For the purpose of this paragraph "involved in actual relevant aircraft or
file evidence of the experience and the license of that person. All such cases as component maintenance" means that the person has worked in an aircraft or
specified in this subparagraph shall be reported to PCAA within seven days of component maintenance environment and has either exercised the privileges of
the issuance of such certification authorisation. The organisation issuing the the certification authorisation and/or has actually carried out maintenance on at
one-off authorisation shall ensure that any such maintenance that could affect least some of the aircraft type or aircraft group systems specified in the particular
flight safety is rechecked by an appropriately approved organisation. certification authorisation.
ANO 145.A.35 Certifying staff and Support staff (d) The organisation shall ensure that all certifying staff and support staff receive
(a) In addition to the appropriate requirements of 145.A.30 (g) and (h), the sufficient continuation training in each two year period to ensure that such staff
organisation shall ensure that certifying staff and support staff have an adequate have up-to‐date knowledge of relevant technology, organisation procedures and
understanding of the relevant aircraft and/or components to be maintained human factor issues.
together with the associated organization procedures. In the case of certifying
(e) The organisation shall establish a programme for continuation training for
staff, this shall be accomplished before the issue or reissue of the certification
certifying staff and support staff, including a procedure to ensure compliance with
authorisation.
the relevant paragraphs of 145.A.35 as the basis for issuing certification
(i) ‘Support staff’ means those staff holding a ANO-066 aircraft maintenance license
authorisations under this ANO to certifying staff, and a procedure to ensure
in category B1, B2 and/or B3 with the appropriate aircraft ratings, working in a
compliance with ANO-066.

(f) Except where any of the unforeseen cases of 145.A.30(j)(5) apply, the The staff referred to in this paragraph shall be given access on request to their
organisation shall assess all prospective certifying staff for their competence, personal records as detailed above.
qualification and capability to carry out their intended certifying duties in
accordance with a procedure as specified in the exposition prior to the issue or re- (k) The organisation shall provide certifying staff with a copy of their certification
authorisation in either a documented or electronic format.
issue of a certification authorisation under this ANO.
(g) When the conditions of paragraphs (a), (b), (d), (f) and, where applicable, (l) Certifying staff shall produce their certification authorisation to any authorised
paragraph (c) have been fulfilled by the certifying staff, the organisation shall issue person within 24 hours.
a certification authorization that clearly specifies the scope and limits of such (m) The minimum age for certifying staff and support staff is 21 years.
authorisation. Continued validity of the certification authorisation is dependent
upon continued compliance with paragraphs (a), (b), (d), and where applicable, (n) The holder of a category A aircraft maintenance license may only exercise
paragraph (c). certification privileges on a specific aircraft type following the satisfactory
completion of the relevant category A aircraft task training carried out by an
(h) The certification authorisation must be in a style that makes its scope clear to organisation appropriately approved in accordance with ANO-145 or ANO-147.
the certifying staff and any official of PCAA who has the responsibility for oversight This training shall include practical hands on training and theoretical training as
of maintained aircraft or component, who may require to examine the appropriate for each task authorised. Satisfactory completion of training shall be
authorisation. demonstrated by an examination or by workplace assessment carried out by the
(i) The person responsible for the quality system shall also remain responsible on organisation.
behalf of the organisation for issuing certification authorisations to certifying staff. (o) The holder of a category B2 aircraft maintenance licence may only exercise the
Such person may nominate other persons to actually issue or revoke the certification privileges described in point 66.A.20(a)(3)(ii) of ANO‐066 following the
certification authorisations inaccordance with a procedure as specified in the satisfactory completion of (i) the relevant category A aircraft task training and (ii)
exposition. six months of documented practical experience covering the scope of the
(j) The organisation shall maintain a record of all certifying staff and support staff, authorisation that will be issued. The task training shall include practical hands on
which shall contain: training and theoretical training as appropriate for each task authorised.
1. the details of any aircraft maintenance licence held under ANO-066; and Satisfactory completion of training shall be demonstrated by an examination or by
2. all relevant training completed; and workplace assessment. Task training and examination / assessment shall be carried
3. the scope of the certification authorisations issued, where relevant; and out by the maintenance organisation issuing the certifying staff authorisation. The
4. particulars of staff with limited or one-off certification authorisations. practical experience shall be also obtained within such maintenance organisation.
The organisation shall retain the record for at least three years after the staff ANO 145.A.42 Acceptance of components
referred to in this paragraph have ceased employment with the organisation (a) All components shall be classified and appropriately segregated into the
or as soon as the authorisation has been withdrawn. In addition, upon request, following categories:
the maintenance organization shall furnish the staff referred to in this 1. Components which are in a satisfactory condition, released on PCAA Form-1 or
paragraph with a copy of their personal record on leaving the organisation. equivalent and marked in accordance with a standard acceptable to PCAA.

2. Unserviceable components which shall be maintained in accordance with this (b) For the purposes of this ANO, applicable maintenance data shall be any of the
section. following:
3. Unsalvageable components which are classified in accordance with ANO 1. Any applicable requirement, procedure, operational directive or information
145.A.42 (d). issued by the authority responsible for the oversight of the aircraft or
4. Standard parts used on an aircraft, engine, propeller or other aircraft component component;
when specified in the manufacturer's illustrated parts catalogue and/or the 2. Any applicable airworthiness directive issued by the authority responsible for the
maintenance data. oversight of the aircraft or component;
5. Material both raw and consumable used in the course of maintenance when the 3. Instructions for continuing airworthiness, issued by type certificate holders,
organisation is satisfied that the material meets the required specification and supplementary type certificate holders, any other organisation required to
has appropriate traceability. All material must be accompanied by publish such data by Organizations acceptable to PCAA and in the case of
documentation clearly relating to the particular material and containing a aircraft or components from third countries the airworthiness data mandated
conformity to specification statement plus both the manufacturing and by the authority responsible for the oversight of the aircraft or component;
supplier source. 4. Any applicable standard, such as but not limited to, maintenance standard
(b) Prior to installation of a component, the organisation shall ensure that the practices recognised by the Agency as a good standard for maintenance;
particular component is eligible to be fitted when different modification and/or 5. Any applicable data issued in accordance with paragraph (d).
airworthiness directive standards may be applicable.
(c) The organisation shall establish procedures to ensure that if found, any
(c) The organisation may fabricate a restricted range of parts to be used in the inaccurate, incomplete or ambiguous procedure, practice, information or
course of undergoing work within its own facilities provided procedures are maintenance instruction contained in the maintenance data used by maintenance
identified in the exposition. personnel is recorded and notified to the author of the maintenance data.
(d) Components which have reached their certified life limit or contain a non‐ (d) The organisation may only modify maintenance instructions in accordance with
repairable defect and shall not be permitted to re‐enter the component supply a procedure specified in the maintenance organisation's exposition. With respect
system unless certified shall be classified as unsalvageable life limits have been to those changes, the organisation shall demonstrate that they result in equivalent
extended or a repair solution has been approved according to a standard or improved maintenance standards and shall inform the type‐certificate holder of
acceptable to PCAA. such changes. Maintenance instructions for the purposes of this paragraph means
instructions on how to carry out the particular maintenance task: they exclude the
ANO 145.A.45 Maintenance data engineering design of repairs andmodifications.
(a) The organisation shall hold and use applicable current maintenance data in the
(e) The organisation shall provide a common work card or worksheet system to be
performance of maintenance, including modifications and repairs. "Applicable"
means relevant to any aircraft, component or process specified in the used throughout relevant parts of the organisation. In addition, the organisation
organisation's approval class rating schedule and in any associated capability list. shall either transcribe accurately the maintenance data contained in paragraphs
In the case of maintenance data provided by an operator or customer, the (b) and (d) onto such work cards or worksheets or make precise reference to the
organization shall hold such data when the work is in progress, with the exception particular maintenance task or tasks contained in such maintenance data. Work
of the need to comply with 145.A.55(c). cards and worksheets may be computer generated and held on an electronic
database subject to both adequate safeguards against unauthorised alteration and

a back-up electronic database which shall be updated within 24 hours of any entry ANO 145.A.50 Certification of maintenance
made to the main electronic database. Complex maintenance tasks shall be (a) A certificate of release to service shall be issued by appropriately authorised
transcribed onto the work cards or worksheets and subdivided into clear stages to certifying staff on behalf of the organisation when it has been verified that all
ensure a record of the accomplishment of the complete maintenance task. maintenance ordered has been properly carried out by the organisation in
Where the organisation provides a maintenance service to an aircraft operator who accordance with the procedures specified in point 145.A.70, taking into account
requires their work card or worksheet system to be used then such work card or the availability and use of the maintenance data specified in point 145.A.45 and
worksheet system may be used. In this case, the organisation shall establish a that there are no non-compliances which are known to endanger flight safety.
procedure to ensure correct completion of the aircraft operators' work cards or
worksheets. (b) A certificate of release to service shall be issued before flight at the completion
of any maintenance.
(f) The organisation shall ensure that all applicable maintenance data is readily
available for use when required by maintenance personnel. (c) New defects or incomplete maintenance work orders identified during the
above maintenance shall be brought to the attention of the aircraft operator for
(g) The organisation shall establish a procedure to ensure that maintenance data it the specific purpose of obtaining agreement to rectify such defects or completing
controls is kept up to date. In the case of operator/customer controlled and the missing elements of the maintenance work order. In the case where the aircraft
provided maintenance data, the organisation shall be able to show that either it operator declines to have such maintenance carried out under this paragraph,
has written confirmation from the operator/customer that all such maintenance paragraph (e) is applicable.
data is up to date or it has work orders specifying the amendment status of the
maintenance data to be used or it can show that it is on the operator/customer (d) A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the completion of any
maintenance data amendment list. maintenance on a component whilst off the aircraft. The authorised release
certificate PCAA Form 1 referred to in Appendix I of this ANO constitutes the
ANO 145.A.47 Production Planning component certificate of release to service.
(a) The organisation shall have a system appropriate to the amount and complexity When an organisation maintains a component for its own use, a PCAA Form 1 may
of work to plan the availability of all necessary personnel, tools, equipment, not be necessary depending upon the organisation’s internal release procedures
material, maintenance data and facilities in order to ensure the safe completion of defined in the exposition.
the maintenance work.
(e) By derogation to paragraph (a), when the organisation is unable to complete all
(b) The planning of maintenance tasks, and the organising of shifts, shall take into maintenance ordered, it may issue a certificate of release to service within the
account human performance limitations. approved aircraft limitations. The organisation shall enter such fact in the aircraft
certificate of release to service before the issue of such certificate.
(c) When it is required to hand over the continuation or completion of maintenance
tasks for reasons of a shift or personnel changeover, relevant information shall be (f) By derogation to paragraph (a) and 145.A.42, when an aircraft is grounded at a
adequately communicated between outgoing and incoming personnel. location other than the main line station or main maintenance base due to the non-
availability of a component with the appropriate release certificate, it is permissible
to temporarily fit a component without the appropriate release certificate for a
maximum of 30 flight hours or until the aircraft first returns to the main line station

or main maintenance base, whichever is the sooner, subject to the aircraft operator (b) The organisation shall establish an internal occurrence reporting system as
agreement and said component having a suitable release certificate but otherwise detailed in the exposition to enable the collection and evaluation of such reports,
in compliance with all applicable maintenance and operational requirements. Such including the assessment and extraction of those occurrences to be reported under
components shall be removed by the above prescribed time limit unless an paragraph (a). This procedure shall identify adverse trends, corrective actions
appropriate release certificate has been obtained in the meantime under taken or to be taken by the organisation to address deficiencies and include
paragraph (a) and 145.A.42. evaluation of all known relevant information relating to such occurrences and a
method to circulate the information as necessary.
ANO 145.A.55 Maintenance Records
(a) The organisation shall record all details of maintenance work carried out. As a (c) The organisation shall make such reports in a form and manner established by
minimum, the organisation shall retain records necessary to prove that all PCAA and ensure that they contain all pertinent information about the condition
requirements have been met for issuance of the certificate of release to service, and evaluation results known to the organisation.
including subcontractor's release documents.
(d) Where the organisation is contracted by a commercial operator to carry out
(b) The organisation shall provide a copy of each certificate of release to service to maintenance, the organisation shall also report to the operator any such condition
the aircraft operator, together with a copy of any specific repair/modification data affecting the operator's aircraft or component.
used for repairs/modifications carried out.
(e) The organisation shall produce and submit such reports as soon as practicable
(c) The organisation shall retain a copy of all detailed maintenance records and any but in any case within 48 hours of the organisation identifying the condition to
associated maintenance data for three years from the date the aircraft or which the report relates.
component to which the work relates was released from the organisation.
ANO 145.A.65 Safety and Quality Policy, Maintenance Procedures and Quality
1. The records under this paragraph shall be stored in a manner that ensures
System
protection from damage, alteration and theft.
(a) The organisation shall establish a safety and quality policy for the organisation
2. Computer backup discs, tapes etc. shall be stored in a different location from
to be included in the exposition under 145.A.70.
that containing the working discs, tapes etc., in an environment that ensures
they remain in good condition. (b) The organisation shall establish procedures agreed by PCAA taking into account
3. Where an organisation approved under this ANO terminates its operation, all human factors and human performance to ensure good maintenance practices and
retained maintenance records covering the last two years shall be distributed compliance with this ANO which shall include a clear work order or contract such
to the last owner or customer of the respective aircraft or component or shall that aircraft and components may be released to service in accordance with point
be stored as specified by PCAA. 145. A.50.
ANO 145.A.60 Occurrence Reporting 1. The maintenance procedures under this paragraph apply to points 145.A.25 to
(a) The organisation shall report to PCAA, the state of registry and the organisation 145.A.95.
responsible for the design of the aircraft or component any condition of the aircraft 2. The maintenance procedures established or to be established by the
or component identified by the organisation that has resulted or may result in an organisation under this paragraph shall cover all aspects of carrying out the
unsafe condition that hazards seriously the flight safety. maintenance activity, including the provision and control of specialised
services and lay down the standards to which the organisation intends to work.

3. With regard to aircraft line and base maintenance, the organisation shall organisation shall provide PCAA with a maintenance organisation exposition,
establish procedures to minimise the risk of multiple errors and capture errors containing the following information:
on critical systems, and to ensure that no person is required to carry out and 1. A statement signed by the accountable manager confirming that the
inspect in relation to a maintenance task involving some element of maintenance organisation exposition and any referenced associated manuals
disassembly/ reassembly of several components of the same type fitted to define the organisation's compliance with this ANO and will be complied with
more than one system on the same aircraft during a particular maintenance at all times. When the accountable manager is not the chief executive officer
check. However, when only one person is available to carry out these tasks of the
then the organisation’s work card or worksheet shall include an additional organisation then such chief executive officer shall countersign the statement;
stage for re-inspection of the work by this person after completion of all the 2. The organisation's safety and quality policy as specified by 145.A.65;
same tasks. 3. The title(s) and name(s) of the persons nominated under 145.A.30(b);
4. Maintenance procedures shall be established to ensure that damage is assessed 4. The duties and responsibilities of the persons nominated under 145.A.30(b),
and modifications and repairs are carried out using data approved by PCAA or including matters on which they may deal directly with the competent
by a design organisation acceptable to PCAA, as appropriate. authority on behalf of the organisation;
5. An organisation chart showing associated chains of responsibility between the
(c) The organisation shall establish a quality system that includes the following: persons nominated under 145.A.30(b);
1. Independent audits in order to monitor compliance with required 6. A list of certifying staff and support staff;
aircraft/aircraft component standards and adequacy of the procedures to 7. A general description of manpower resources;
ensure that such procedures invoke good maintenance practices and airworthy 8. A general description of the facilities located at each address specified in the
aircraft/aircraft components. In the smallest organisations the independent organisation's approval certificate;
audit part of the quality system may be contracted to another organisation 9. A specification of the organisation's scope of work relevant to the extent of
approved under this ANO or a person with appropriate technical knowledge approval;
and proven satisfactory audit experience; and 10. The notification procedure of 145.A.85 for organisation changes;
2. A quality feedback reporting system to the person or group of persons specified 11. The maintenance organisation exposition amendment procedure;
in 145.A.30(b) and ultimately to the accountable manager that ensures proper 12. The procedures and quality system established by the organisation under
and timely corrective action is taken in response to reports resulting from the 145.A.25 to 145.A.90;
independent audits established to meet paragraph (1). 13. A list of commercial operators, where applicable, to which the organization
(d) The organization shall establish (as applicable) a Safety Management System provides an aircraft maintenance service;
(SMS) as per the requirements mentioned in the latest revision of ANO-001- 14. A list of subcontracted organisations, where applicable, as specified in 145.A.75
RGSP. (b);
ANO 145.A.70 Maintenance Organisation Exposition 15. A list of line stations, where applicable, as specified in 145.A.75 (d);
(a) "Maintenance organisation exposition" means the document or documents 16. A list of contracted organisations, where applicable.
that contain the material specifying the scope of work deemed to constitute (b) The exposition shall be amended as necessary to remain an up-to-date
approval and showing how the organisation intends to comply with this Part. The description of the organisation. The exposition and any subsequent amendment
shall be approved by the PCAA.

(c) Notwithstanding paragraph (b) minor amendments to the exposition may be Detailed understanding of EASA Part 145
approved through an exposition procedure (hereinafter called indirect approval).
SECTION A
(d) The exposition shall refer to the Safety Management System Manual (SMSM).
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
ANO 145.A.80 Limitations on the organisation
145. A.10 Scope
The organisation shall only maintain an aircraft or component for which it is
approved when all the necessary facilities, equipment, tooling, material, This Section establishes the requirements to be met by an organisation to qualify
maintenance data and certifying staff are available. for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and
ANO 145.A.90 Continued validity components.
(a) An approval shall be issued or renewed for a maximum period of one year. It 145. A.15 Application
shall remain valid subject to:
1. the organisation remaining in compliance with ANO-145, in accordance with the An application for the issue or change of an approval shall be made to the
provisions related to the handling of findings as specified under point 145.B.50; and competent authority in a form and manner established by such authority.
the competent authority being granted access to the organisation to determine
continued compliance with this ANO and the certificate not being surrendered 145. A.20 Terms of Approval
or revoked. The organisation shall specify the scope of work deemed to constitute approval in
(b) Upon surrender or revocation, the approval shall be returned to PCAA. its exposition
145. A.25 Facility requirements

The organisation shall ensure that:
a) Facilities are provided appropriate for all planned work, ensuring in
particular, protection from the weather elements. Specialized workshops
and bays are segregated as appropriate, to ensure that environmental and
work area contamination is unlikely to occur.
1. For base maintenance of aircraft, aircraft hangars are both available
and large enough to accommodate aircraft on planned base
maintenance;
2. For component maintenance, component workshops are large enough
to accommodate the components on planned maintenance.

b) Office accommodation is provided for the management of the planned (b) The organisation shall have a maintenance man-hour plan showing that
work, and certifying staff so that they can carry out their designated tasks the organisation has sufficient staff to plan, perform, supervise, inspect
in a manner that contributes to good aircraft maintenance standards. and quality monitor the organisation in accordance with the approval. In
c) The working environment including aircraft hangars, component addition the organisation shall have a procedure to reassess work intended
workshops and office accommodation is appropriate for the task carried to be carried out when actual staff availability is less than the planned
out and in particular special requirements observed. Unless otherwise staffing level for any particular work shift or period.
dictated by the particular task environment, the working environment (c) The organisation shall establish and control the competence of personnel
must be such that the effectiveness of personnel is not impaired involved in any maintenance, management and/or quality audits in
d) Secure storage facilities are provided for components, equipment, tools accordance with a procedure and to a standard agreed by the competent
and material. Storage conditions ensure segregation of serviceable authority. In addition to the necessary expertise related to the job function,
components and material from unserviceable aircraft components, competence must include an understanding of the application of human
material, equipment and tools. The conditions of storage are in accordance factors and human performance issues appropriate to that person's
with the manufacturer's instructions to prevent deterioration and damage function in the organisation. ‘Human factors’ means principles which apply
of stored items. to aeronautical design, certification, training, operations and maintenance
and which seek safe interface between the human and other system
Access to storage facilities is restricted to authorised personnel.
components by proper consideration of human performance.
145. A.30 Personnel requirements ‘Human performance’ means human capabilities and limitations which have an
impact on the safety and efficiency of aeronautical operations.
a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager who has corporate
authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can (d) The organisation shall ensure that personnel who carry out and/or control
be financed and carried out to the standard required by this Part. a continued airworthiness nondestructive test of aircraft structures and/or
b) The organisation shall nominate a person or group of persons, whose components are appropriately qualified for the particular nondestructive
responsibilities include ensuring that the organization complies with this test in accordance with the European or equivalent Standard recognized
Part. Such person(s) shall ultimately be responsible to the accountable by the Agency. Personnel who carry out any other specialized task shall be
manager. appropriately qualified in accordance with officially recognized Standards.
(a) The accountable manager shall appoint a person with responsibility for (e) Any organisation maintaining aircraft, shall in the case of aircraft line
monitoring the quality system, including the associated feedback system. maintenance, have appropriate aircraft rated certifying staff qualified as
The appointed person shall have direct access to the accountable manager category B1, B2, B3, as appropriate, in accordance with Annex III (Part66).
to ensure that the accountable manager is kept properly informed on (f) Any organisation maintaining aircraft, shall:
quality and compliance matters.

1. In the case of base maintenance of large aircraft, have appropriate aircraft maintenance on at least some of the aircraft type or aircraft group systems
type rated certifying staff qualified as category C in accordance with specified in the particular certification authorisation.
Part66. In addition the organisation shall have sufficient aircraft type rated (d) The organisation shall ensure that all certifying staff and support staff
staff qualified as category B1, B2 in accordance with Part66 to support the receive sufficient continuation training in each two year period to ensure
category C certifying staff. that such staff have up-to-date knowledge of relevant technology,
organisation procedures and human factor issues.
145. A.35 Certifying staff and support staff
(e) The organisation shall establish a programme for continuation training for
(a) the organisation shall ensure that certifying staff and support staff have an certifying staff and support staff, as the basis for issuing certification
adequate understanding of the relevant aircraft and/or components to be authorisations under this Part to certifying staff, and a procedure to ensure
maintained together with the associated organisation procedures. In the compliance with Part 66.
case of certifying staff, this shall be accomplished before the issue or (f) The certification authorisation must be in a style that makes its scope clear
reissue of the certification authorization. to the certifying staff and any authorised person who may require to
(i) ‘Support staff’ means those staff holding a Part66 Aircraft maintenance examine the authorisation. Where codes are used to define scope, the
licence in category B1, B2 and/or B3 with the appropriate aircraft ratings, organisation shall make a code translation readily available. ‘Authorised
working in a base maintenance environment while not necessarily holding person’ means the officials of the competent authorities, the Agency and
certification privileges. the Member State who has responsibility for the oversight of the
(b) the organisation may only issue a certification authorization to certifying maintained aircraft or component.
staff in relation to the basic categories or subcategories and any type rating (g) The person responsible for the quality system shall also remain responsible
listed on the aircraft maintenance licence as required by Annex III (Part66), on behalf of the organisation for issuing certification authorisations to
subject to the licence remaining valid throughout the validity period of the certifying staff. Such person may nominate other persons to actually issue
authorisation and the certifying staff remaining in compliance with Annex or revoke the certification authorisations in accordance with a procedure
III (Part66). as specified in the exposition.
(c) The organisation shall ensure that all certifying staff and support staff are 145. A.40 Equipment, tools and material
involved in at least 6 months of actual relevant aircraft or component
(a) The organisation shall have available and use the necessary equipment,
maintenance experience in any consecutive 2year period. For the purpose
tools and material to perform the approved scope of work.
of this paragraph ‘involved in actual relevant aircraft or component
1. Where the manufacturer specifies a particular tool or equipment, the
maintenance’ means that the person has worked in an aircraft or
organisation shall use that tool or equipment, unless the use of
component maintenance environment and has either exercised the
alternative tooling or equipment is agreed by the competent authority
privileges of the certification authorisation and/or has actually carried out
via procedures specified in the exposition.

2. Equipment and tools must be permanently available, except in the case material and containing a conformity to specification statement plus
of any tool or equipment that is so infrequently used that its both the manufacturing and supplier source.
permanent availability is not necessary. Such cases shall be detailed in b) Prior to installation of a component, the organisation shall ensure that the
an exposition procedure. particular component is eligible to be fitted when different modification
3. An organisation approved for base maintenance shall have sufficient and/or airworthiness directive standards may be applicable.
aircraft access equipment and inspection platforms/docking such that c) The organisation may fabricate a restricted range of parts to be used in the
the aircraft can be properly inspected. course of undergoing work within its own facilities provided procedures
are identified in the exposition.
b) The organisation shall ensure that all tools, equipment and particularly test d) Components which have reached their certified life limit or contain a non-
equipment, as appropriate, are controlled and calibrated according to an repairable defect shall be classified as unsalvageable and shall not be
officially recognized standard at a frequency to ensure serviceability and permitted to re-enter the component supply system unless certified life
accuracy. Records of such calibrations and traceability to the standard used limits have been extended or a repair solution has been approved
shall be kept by the organisation. according to Part21.
145. A.42 Acceptance of components 145. A.45 Maintenance data

a) All components shall be classified and appropriately segregated into the a) The organisation shall hold and use applicable current maintenance data
following categories: in the performance of maintenance, including modifications and repairs.
‘Applicable’ means relevant to any aircraft, component or process
1. Components which are in a satisfactory condition, released on an EASA
specified in the organisation's approval class rating schedule and in any
Form 1 or equivalent.
associated capability list.
2. Unserviceable components which shall be maintained in accordance
1. In the case of maintenance data provided by an operator or customer,
with this section.
the organisation shall hold such data when the work is in progress, with
3. Unsalvageable components
the exception of that the organisation retains a copy of all detailed
4. Standard parts used on an aircraft, engine, propeller or other aircraft
maintenance records and any associated maintenance data for three
component when specified in the manufacturer’s illustrated parts
years from the date the aircraft or component to which the work
catalogue and/or the maintenance data.
relates was released from the organisation
5. Material both raw and consumable used in the course of maintenance
b) For the purposes of this Part, applicable maintenance data shall be any of
when the organisation is satisfied that the material meets the required
the following:
specification and has appropriate traceability. All material must be
accompanied by documentation clearly relating to the particular

1. Any applicable requirement, procedure, operational directive or e) The organisation shall provide a common work card or worksheet system
information issued by the authority responsible for the oversight of the to be used throughout relevant parts of the organisation. In addition, the
aircraft or component; organisation shall either transcribe accurately the maintenance data onto
2. Any applicable airworthiness directive issued by the authority such work cards or worksheets or make precise reference to the particular
responsible for the oversight of the aircraft or component; maintenance task or tasks contained in such maintenance data. Work cards
3. Instructions for continuing airworthiness, issued by type certificate and worksheets may be computer generated and held on an electronic
holders, supplementary type certificate holders, any other database subject to both adequate safeguards against unauthorized
organisation required to publish such data by Part21 and in the case of alteration and a backup electronic database which shall be updated within
aircraft or components from third countries the airworthiness data 24 hours of any entry made to the main electronic database. Complex
mandated by the authority responsible for the oversight of the aircraft maintenance tasks shall be transcribed onto the work cards or worksheets
or component; and subdivided into clear stages to ensure a record of the accomplishment
4. Any applicable standard, such as but not limited to, maintenance of the complete maintenance task. Where the organisation provides a
standard practices recognised by the Agency as a good standard for maintenance service to an aircraft operator who requires their work card
maintenance; or worksheet system to be used then such work card or worksheet system
5. Any applicable data that is modified i.a.w a procedure specified in the may be used. In this case, the organisation shall establish a procedure to
M.O.E ensure correct completion of the aircraft operators' work cards or
c) The organisation shall establish procedures to ensure that if found, any worksheets.
inaccurate, incomplete or ambiguous procedure, practice, information or f) The organisation shall ensure that all applicable maintenance data is
maintenance instruction contained in the maintenance data used by readily available for use when required by maintenance personnel.
maintenance personnel is recorded and notified to the author of the g) The organisation shall establish a procedure to ensure that maintenance
maintenance data. data it controls is kept up to date. In the case of operator/customer
d) The organisation may only modify maintenance instructions in accordance controlled and provided maintenance data, the organisation shall be able
with a procedure specified in the maintenance organisation's exposition. to show that either it has written confirmation from the
With respect to those changes, the organisation shall demonstrate that operator/customer that all such maintenance data is up to date or it has
they result in equivalent or improved maintenance standards and shall work orders specifying the amendment status of the maintenance data to
inform the type certificate holder of such changes. Maintenance be used or it can show that it is on the operator/customer maintenance
instructions for the purposes of this paragraph means instructions on how data amendment list.
to carry out the particular maintenance task: they exclude the engineering
design of repairs and modifications.

145. A.47 Production planning limitations. The organisation shall enter such fact in the aircraft certificate
a) The organisation shall have a system appropriate to the amount and of release to service before the issue of such certificate.
complexity of work to plan the availability of all necessary personnel, tools, 145. A.55 Maintenance records
equipment, material, maintenance data and facilities in order to ensure the
a) The organisation shall record all details of maintenance work carried out.
safe completion of the maintenance work.
As a minimum, the organisation shall retain records necessary to prove
b) The planning of maintenance tasks, and the organizing of shifts, shall take
that all requirements have been met for issuance of the certificate of
into account human performance limitations.
release to service, including subcontractor's release documents.
c) When it is required to hand over the continuation or completion of
b) The organisation shall provide a copy of each certificate of release to
maintenance tasks for reasons of a shift or personnel changeover, relevant
service to the aircraft operator, together with a copy of any specific
information shall be adequately communicated between outgoing and
repair/modification data used for repairs/modifications carried out.
incoming personnel.
c) The organisation shall retain a copy of all detailed maintenance records
145. A.50 Certification of maintenance and any associated maintenance data for three years from the date the
a) A certificate of release to service shall be issued by appropriately aircraft or component to which the work relates was released from the
authorised certifying staff on behalf of the organisation when it has been organisation.
verified that all maintenance ordered has been properly carried out by the 145. A.60 Occurrence reporting
organisation in accordance with the procedures specified in M.O.E, taking a) The organisation shall report to the competent authority, the state of
into account the availability and use of the maintenance data and that registry and the organisation responsible for the design of the aircraft or
there are no non-compliances which are known to endanger flight safety. component any condition of the aircraft or component identified by the
b) A certificate of release to service shall be issued before flight at the organisation that has resulted or may result in an unsafe condition that
completion of any maintenance. hazards seriously the flight safety.
c) A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the completion of any b) The organisation shall establish an internal occurrence reporting system as
maintenance on a component whilst off the aircraft. The authorised detailed in the exposition to enable the collection and evaluation of such
release certificate ‘EASA Form 1’ constitutes the component certificate of reports, including the assessment and extraction of those occurrences to
release to service. When an organisation maintains a component for its be reported .This procedure shall identify adverse trends, corrective
own use, an EASA Form 1 may not be necessary depending upon the actions taken or to be taken by the organisation to address deficiencies and
organization’s internal release procedures defined in the exposition. include evaluation of all known relevant information relating to such
d) When the organisation is unable to complete all maintenance ordered, it occurrences and a method to circulate the information as necessary.
may issue a certificate of release to service within the approved aircraft

c) The organisation shall produce and submit such reports as soon as 145. A.70 Maintenance organisation exposition
practicable but in any case within 72 hours of the organization identifying a) Maintenance organisation exposition’ means the document or documents
the condition to which the report relates. that contain the material specifying the scope of work deemed to
145. A.65 Safety and quality policy, maintenance procedures and quality system constitute approval and showing how the organization intends to comply
with this Part. The organisation shall provide the competent authority with
a) The organisation shall establish a safety and quality policy for the
a maintenance organisation exposition, containing the following
organisation to be included in the exposition under M.O.E.
information:
b) The organisation shall establish procedures agreed by the competent
authority taking into account human factors and human performance to 145. A.75 Privileges of the organisation
ensure good maintenance practices and compliance with this Part which In accordance with the exposition, the organisation shall be entitled to carry out
shall include a clear work order or contract such that aircraft and the following tasks:
components may be released to service in accordance with Certification of a) Maintain any aircraft and/or component for which it is approved at the
Maintenance. locations identified in the approval certificate and in the exposition;
c) The organisation shall establish a quality system that includes the b) Arrange for maintenance of any aircraft or component for which it is
following: approved at another organisation that is working under the quality system
1. Independent audits in order to monitor compliance with required of the organisation. This refers to work being carried out by an organisation
aircraft/ aircraft component standards and adequacy of the not itself appropriately approved to carry out such maintenance under this
procedures to ensure that such procedures invoke good maintenance Part. This work scope shall not include a base maintenance check of an
practices and airworthy aircraft/aircraft components. In the smallest aircraft or a complete workshop maintenance check or overhaul of an
organizations the independent audit part of the quality system may be engine or engine module;
contracted to another organisation approved under this Part or a c) Maintain any aircraft or any component for which it is approved at any
person with appropriate technical knowledge and proven satisfactory location subject to the need for such maintenance arising either from the
audit experience; and unserviceability of the aircraft or from the necessity of supporting
2. A quality feedback reporting system to the person or group of persons occasional line maintenance, subject to the conditions specified in the
and ultimately to the accountable manager that ensures proper and exposition;
timely corrective action is taken in response to reports resulting from d) Maintain any aircraft and/or component for which it is approved at a
the independent audits location identified as a line maintenance location capable of supporting
minor maintenance and only if the organization exposition both permits
such activity and lists such locations;

e) Issue certificates of release to service in respect of completion of 3. the certificate not being surrendered or revoked.
maintenance
b) Upon surrender or revocation, the approval shall be returned to the
145. A.80 Limitations on the organisation competent authority.
The organisation shall only maintain an aircraft or component for which it is 145. A.95 Findings
approved when all the necessary facilities, equipment, tooling, material,
a) A level 1 finding is any significant noncompliance with Part145
maintenance data and certifying staff are available.
requirements which lowers the safety standard and hazards seriously the
145. A.85 Changes to the organisation flight safety.
The organisation shall notify the competent authority of any proposal to carry out b) A level 2 finding is any noncompliance with the Part145 requirements
any of the following changes before such changes take place to enable the which could lower the safety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety.
competent authority to determine continued compliance with this Part and to c) After receipt of notification of findings, the holder of the maintenance
amend, if necessary, the approval certificate, except that in the case of proposed organisation approval shall define a corrective action plan and
changes in personnel not known to the management beforehand, these changes demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of the competent
must be notified at the earliest opportunity: authority within a period agreed with this authority.
1. the name of the organisation;
2. the main location of the organisation;
3. additional locations of the organisation;
4. the accountable manager;
5. any of the persons nominated under Personal Requirement 145.A.30 (b);
6. the facilities, equipment, tools, material, procedures, work scope or
certifying staff that could affect the approval.
145. A.90 Continued validity

a) An approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid
subject to:
1. the organisation remaining in compliance with Part145, in accordance with
the provisions related to the handling of findings; and
2. the competent authority being granted access to the organisation to

determine continued compliance with this Part; and

EASA Part M SUBPART F MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION b) The maintenance organisation manual and its amendments shall be
M.A.601 Scope approved by the competent authority.
c) Minor amendments to the manual may be approved through a procedure
This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organisation to qualify
for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and M.A.606 Personnel requirements
components (other than large Aircrafts used for commercial air transport & a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager, who has corporate
components which are to be maintained by Part145 approved Maintenance) authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can
be financed and carried out to the standard required by this Part.
M.A.602 Application
b) A person or group of persons shall be nominated with the responsibility of
An application for issue or change of a maintenance organisation approval shall be
ensuring that the organisation is always in compliance with this Subpart.
made on a form and in a manner established by the competent authority.
Such person(s) shall be ultimately responsible to the accountable manager.
M.A.603 Extent of approval c) All such personals shall be able to show relevant knowledge,
a) An organisation involved in activities subject to this Subpart shall not d) Background and appropriate experience related to aircraft and/or
exercise its activities unless approved by the competent authority. Component maintenance.
e) The organisation shall have appropriate staff for the normal expected
M.A.604 Maintenance organisation manual
contracted work. The use of temporarily subcontracted staff is permitted in
a) The maintenance organisation shall provide a manual containing at least
the case of higher than normally expected contracted work and only for
the following information:
personnel not issuing a certificate of release to service.
1. a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the
f) The qualification of all personnel involved in maintenance shall be
organisation will continuously work in accordance with Part M and the
demonstrated and recorded.
manual at all times,
g) Personnel who carry out specialised tasks such as welding, nondestructive
2. the organisation's scope of work,
testing/inspection other than colour contrast shall be qualified in accordance
3. the title(s) and name(s) of person(s)
with an officially recognised standard.
4. an organisation chart showing associated chains of responsibility
between the person(s)
5. a list of certifying staff with their scope of approval,
6. a list of locations where maintenance is carried out, together with a
general descriptions of the facilities,
7. procedures specifying how the maintenance organisation ensures
compliance with this Part, and;
8. the maintenance organisation manual amendment procedure(s).

ANO Part M SUBPART F MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION 4. an organisation chart showing associated chains of responsibility
ANO.M.A.601 Scope between the person(s) referred to in M.A.606(b), and;
This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organisation to qualify 5. a list of certifying staff with their scope of approval, and;
for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and 6. a list of locations where maintenance is carried out, together with a
components not listed in point M.A.201 (g). general description of the facilities,
7. procedures specifying how the maintenance organisation ensures
ANO.M.A.602 compliance with this ANO, and;
Application 8. the maintenance organisation manual amendment procedure(s).
a) An application for issue or change of a maintenance organisation approval
b) The maintenance organisation manual and its amendments shall be
shall be made on a form and in a manner established by PCAA. ANO.M.A.603
approved by PCAA.
Extent of Approval
c) Notwithstanding paragraph (b) minor amendments to the manual may be
b) An organisation involved in activities subject to this Subpart shall not
approved through a procedure (hereinafter called indirect approval.
exercise its activities unless approved by PCAA. Appendix V to ANO-M
provides the template certificate for this approval. ANO.M.A.605 Facilities
c) The maintenance organization’s manual referred to in point M.A.604 shall The organisation shall ensure that:
specify the scope of work deemed to constitute approval. Appendix IV to a) Facilities are provided for all planned work, specialised workshops and bays
ANO-M defines all classes and ratings possible under Subpart F. are segregated as appropriate, to ensure protection from contamination
d) An approved maintenance organisation may fabricate, in conformity with and the environment.
maintenance data, a restricted range of parts for the use in the course of b) Office accommodation is provided for the management of all planned work
undergoing work within its own facilities, as identified in the maintenance including in particular, the completion of maintenance records.
organisation manual. c) Secure storage facilities are provided for components, equipment, tools and
material. Storage conditions shall ensure segregation of unserviceable
ANO.M.A.604 Maintenance Organisation Manual
components and material from all other components, material, equipment
a) The maintenance organisation shall provide a manual containing at least the and tools. Storage conditions shall be in accordance with the manufacturers'
following information: instructions and access shall be restricted to authorized personnel.
1. a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the ANO.M.A.606 Personnel Requirements
organisation will continuously work in accordance with ANO-M and the a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager, who has corporate
manual at all times, and; authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can
2. The organization’s scope of work, and; be financed and carried out to the standard required by this ANO.
3. The title(s) and name(s) of person(s) referred to in M.A.606 (b), and;

b) A person or group of persons shall be nominated with the responsibility of 2. In the case of aircraft operating away from a supported location the organisation
ensuring that the organisation is always in compliance with this Subpart. may issue a limited certifying staff authorisation to the aircraft commander on
Such person(s) shall be ultimately responsible to the accountable manager. the basis of the flight crew licence, provided that the organisation ensures that
c) All paragraph (b) persons shall be able to show relevant knowledge, sufficient practical training has been carried out to ensure that such person can
background and appropriate experience related to aircraft and/or accomplish the task to the required standard."
component maintenance.
d) The organisation shall have appropriate staff for the normal expected
contracted work. The use of temporarily sub-contracted staff is permitted
in the case of higher than normally expected contracted work and only for
personnel not issuing a certificate of release to service.
e) The qualification of all personnel involved in maintenance shall be
demonstrated and recorded.
f) Personnel who carry out specialised tasks such as welding, non-destructive
testing/inspection other than colour contrast shall be qualified in
accordance with an officially recognised standard.
g) The maintenance organisation shall have sufficient certifying staff to issue
M.A.612 and M.A.613 certificates of release to service for aircraft and
components. They shall comply with the requirements of ANO-66.
h) By derogation from paragraph (g), the organisation may use certifying staff
qualified in accordance with the following provisions when providing
maintenance support to operators involved in commercial operations,
subject to appropriate procedures to be approved as part of the
organization’s manual:
1. For a repetitive pre-flight airworthiness directive which specifically
states that the flight crew may carry out such airworthiness directive, the
organisation may issue a limited certifying staff authorization to the
aircraft commander on the basis of the flight crew license held, provided
that the organisation ensures that sufficient practical training has been
carried out to ensure that such person can accomplish the airworthiness
directive to the required standard;

4 Air Operations  Flight Standards Directorate is the authorized office to accept and process the
4.1 Commercial Air Transport/Commercial Operations Air Operators Certificate formal application of the operator for grant of AOC.
(AOC)  The relevant requirements have been prescribed in the latest revision of ANO
91.0001 on "Requirements for the Issue, Renewal & for continued validity of
The purpose of an AOC (Air Operators Certificate) is to ensure that any person or
Air Operators Certificate". Airworthiness Directorate coordinates with Director
company operating aircraft for the purpose of commercial air transportation do so
Flight Standards for compliance with airworthiness aspects of Issuance of an
in a regulated and safe manner.
AOC.
It is a requirement of ICAO Annex 6 (Operation of Aircraft), EU-OPS and CARs 1994
EU-OPS
that the AOC shall be granted before any commercial operation takes place.
SECTION 1 Subpart B
In accordance with CARs 1994, Part XI, regarding Licensing & Certification of
Commercial Air Operations, Section 3, Air Operator Certificate, Rule 186 of CAR 1.005 General
1994, Operators to hold an Air Operator Certificate states that: An operator applying for an AOC, or a variation of an AOC, must allow the Authority
to examine all safety aspects of the proposed operation.
 Notwithstanding the provisions of Part XI (Licensing & Certification of
Commercial Air Operations), Section 2 (Licensing of Commercial Operators) of  The applicant must also:
this Part, an aircraft shall not fly for the purpose of: 1) Not hold an AOC issued by another Authority unless specifically approved
1) regular public transport; by the Authorities concerned.
2) charter; or
2) Have his principal place of business and registered office located in the
3) aerial work;
state responsible for issuing the AOC.
 Unless the operator of that aircraft holds an air operator certificate issued by
3) Have registered the aero planes that are to be operated under the AOC in
the Director General.
the state responsible for issuing the AOC.
 In accordance with Rule 187 of CAR 1994, DGCAA Pakistan issues or renews
4) Satisfy the Authority that he is able to conduct safe operations.
AOC to a company
 The above statements outline the requirements for the issue of an AOC.
 The AOC shall be issued for the purpose of Regular public transport, Charter or,
Aerial work.  To achieve the issue of an AOC an operator must satisfy the Authority that the
organization and management are suitable and appropriate to the scope of
 CAR 187 further requires that AOC holders should have adequate maintenance
the operation. This shall include the following:
facilities, equipment and staff for safe operation.

1) Nomination of an Accountable manager, acceptable to the Authority, who 4.2 Operators Responsibility in particular regarding Continuing
has corporate authority for ensuring all operations and maintenance Airworthiness & Maintenance
activities are carried out to the standard required by the Authority. EU-OPS 1.020 Laws, Regulations and Procedures
2) The operator must nominate post holders, acceptable to the Authority,
 An operator must ensure that all employees and crew members are aware of,
who are responsible for the management and supervision of the following
and comply with, the laws, regulations and procedures of those states in which
areas
operations are conducted and which are pertinent to the performance of their
a) Flight operations
duties.
b) The maintenance system
EU-OPS 1.030 Minimum equipment lists
c) Crew training
d) Ground operations  An operator must establish a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) approved by the
Authority, for each aircraft type.
 Procedures for the supervision of operations shall include the following:
EU-OPS 1.035 Quality system
1) The operator must ensure that each flight is conducted in accordance with
the provisions of the operations manual.  In support of monitoring the compliance with, and adequacy of all the above,
the operator will establish a Quality System and appoint a Quality Manager.
2) The operator must arrange appropriate ground handling facilities to ensure
They are tasked to ensure safe operational practices and airworthy aeroplanes.
the safe handling of its flights.
 Compliance monitoring must include a feedback system to the Accountable
3) The operator must ensure that its aero planes are equipped and its crew
manager to ensure corrective action as necessary
are qualified, as required for the area and type of operation.
In pursuance of the grant, maintenance or renewal of an AOC, the operator will
4) The operator must comply with the maintenance requirements, in
allow the Authority access to the organization and aeroplanes and shall ensure
accordance with sub-part M, for all aero planes operated under the terms
that, with respect to maintenance, access is granted to any associated IR Part-145
of its AOC.
maintenance organization, to determine continued compliance with EU-OPS.
5) The operator must provide the Authority with a copy of the operations NOTE: An AOC will be varied, suspended or revoked if the Authority is no longer
manual satisfied that the operator can maintain SAFE OPERATIONS.
6) The operator must maintain operational support facilities at the main
operating base, appropriate for the area and type of operation

4.3 Aircraft Maintenance Program 9) Maintenance Program shall comprise of:

1) In accordance with Annex 6 (Operation of Aircraft), Part 1, Chapter 8.3 a. Scheduled Tasks
(Maintenance Programme), Operator shall provide, for the use & guidance Scheduled Tasks shall be performed respecting MPD at defined
of maintenance & operational personnel, a maintenance programme, threshold & repeat intervals. General Threshold quoted are:
approved by the state of Registry 1. Calendar life (Months, years, multiples, etc.)
2) Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organised in accordance with an 2. Flight cycles (FC)
aircraft maintenance programme. 3. Flight Hours (FH)
3) Maintenance Program used by the organization, to maintain 4. Landings
aircraft/aircraft components, is developed from Maintenance Planning b. Unscheduled Tasks
Document (MPD) and MPD is provided by the aircraft type certificate Unscheduled tasks are defined as the result from additional
holder/aircraft manufacturer and duly approved by the authorities requirements from the Authorities, manufacturers or customer
4) The aircraft maintenance programme and any subsequent amendments Such additional requirements, are:
shall be approved by the competent authority 1. Airworthiness Directives/Service Bulletins/AOTs
5) The aircraft maintenance programme must establish compliance with: 2. Continuous follow up of acceptable/just deferred defects
1. Instructions issued by the competent authority; 3. Organization Bulletins/Orders requiring periodical check or
2. instructions for continuing airworthiness inspection
6) The aircraft maintenance programme shall contain details, including 4. Maintenance reports
frequency, of all maintenance to be carried out, including any specific tasks
5. Pilot Reported defects
linked to the type and the specificity of operations.
7) For large aircraft, when the maintenance programme is based on
maintenance steering group logic or on condition monitoring, the aircraft
maintenance programme shall include a reliability programme.
8) The aircraft maintenance programme shall be subject to periodic reviews
and amended accordingly when necessary. These reviews shall ensure that
the programme continues to be valid in light of the operating experience
and instructions from the competent authority whilst taking into account
new and/or modified maintenance instructions promulgated by the type
certificate and supplementary type certificate holders.

4.4 Master minimum Equipment List 5) For approval, the prepared MEL and MMEL is submitted. The individual
1) Experiences have shown that with various levels of redundancy designed operator’s MEL when approved and authorized, permits operation of
into that aircraft, proper operation of every system or installed component subject aircraft type with inoperative equipment covered under MEL
may not be necessary when the remaining serviceable system or 6) MEL must not deviate from Airplane Flight Manual limitations, emergency
serviceable components can provide an acceptable level of safety procedures or with Airworthiness Directives. All items related to
2) MMEL is developed by the regulatory body of the country of airworthiness and not listed in MMEL must be operative
manufacturer/design of the subject aircraft, with participation of aviation 7) MEL is prepared with the objective i.e. to permit operation with inoperative
industry expert personals to improve aircraft utilization and thereby items for a limited period of time until repairs can be accomplished
provide more convenient but still safe and economic air transportation
8) MEL is also called ADL i.e. Allowable Deficiency List
3) MMEL contains those items which the regulatory body of the
4.4.2 Mel Repair Interval
manufacturer’s country finds may be inoperative and yet maintain an
acceptable level of safety under appropriate conditions and limitations  As the MEL is not intended to provide for continued operation of an
aircraft for an unlimited period of time. Repairs should be made as soon
4) MMEL does not contain obviously required items such as wings, flaps and
rudder as possible within the time limit imposed by Rectification Intervals.
 Rectification Intervals (A, B, C, and D) have been introduced in
5) MMEL establishes limitations on the duration of, and conditions for
operation with inoperative equipment accordance with definitions of MMEL/MEL
4.4.1 Minimum Equipment List Category A. Items in this category must be repaired within the interval stated in the
operator's approved MEL.
1) The provision to fly an aircraft even if few of its components are
unserviceable Category B. Items in this category must be repaired within 3 consecutive calendar
days (72 hours), excluding the day the malfunction was recorded in
2) MEL is prepared by the operator and is based on the MMEL of respective
the maintenance record (logbook).
aircraft
Category C. Items in this category must be repaired within 10 consecutive calendar
3) MEL is more restrictive than MMEL.
days (240 hours), excluding the day the malfunction was recorded in
4) In PIA, MEL is prepared by Operations Engineering of Flight Operations the maintenance record (logbook).
Department and is approved by Chief Flight Inspector, Flight Standard
Category D. Items in this category are those which are in excess of regulatory
Directorate, CFI PCAA
requirements. They include items that may be installed, deactivated,
or removed at the discretion of the operator. They may be added to

the operator's MEL but are not required by the MMEL or are required 4.5 DOCUMENTS TO BE CARRIED
only for a given type of operation. These must be repaired within 45 An operator of any commercial air operation will ensure that the following are
consecutive calendar days, excluding the day the malfunction was carried on each flight
recorded in the maintenance record (logbook). 1) The Certificate of Registration
Dispatch of the aircraft is not allowed after expiry of the Rectification 2) The Certificate of Airworthiness
Interval specified in the MEL unless the Rectification Interval is 3) Noise Certificate
extended in accordance with the following: 4) Air Operators Certificate
A one-time extension of the applicable Rectification Interval B, C, or 5) Aircraft Radio License
6) Certificate of Third Party liability insurance
D, may be permitted for the same duration as that specified in the
MEL provided: Additionally each flight crew member shall, on each flight, carry a valid flight crew
1. A description of specific duties and responsibilities for licence with appropriate ratings for the purpose of the flight.
controlling extensions is established by the operator, and NOTE “should documentation be lost or stolen, operations may continue to base
2. The Authority is notified within 10 days of any extension or a place where a replacement document can be provided.”
authorized  Further requirements stated in EU-OPS 1.130 & 1.135 that MANUALS and
4.4.3 Configuration Deviation List ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND FORMS to be carried.
1) During the course of operation, certain secondary airframe or engine  Current parts of the Operations Manual relevant to the duties of the crew are
parts may be missing from the aircraft. Normally these will be access carried on each flight.
doors, fairings and non-structural parts.
1) Parts of the operations manual, which are required for the conduct of the
2) Absence of these parts does not adversely affect the basic aircraft
flight, are easily available to the crew.
handling and performance. As such they are not considered as 2) Airplane Flight Manual.
airworthiness items 3) Operational Flight Plan
3) Configuration Deviation List (CDL) is a means of releasing the aircraft 4) Airplane Technical Log
with items missing from aircraft standard design configuration. 5) Detail of ATS Flight Plan
Determination of items is done during type certification itself i.e. they 6) Appropriate NOTAM briefing documentation.
have been flight tested during certification. The CDL is a part of the 7) Appropriate meteorological information
8) Mass and balance documentation
Approved Aircraft Manual.
9) Notification of special category passengers
10) Notification of hazardous cargo.

4.6 Aircraft Placarding (Markings)

1) The aircraft must contain:
a) The specified markings and placards
b) Any information, instrument markings and placards required for the safe
operation if there are unusual design, operating or handling
characteristics.
2) Each marking and placard described above
a) Must be displayed in a conspicuous place; and
b) May not be easily erased, disfigured or obscured.
3) Instrument markings:
a) When markings are on the cover glass of the instrument, there must be
means to maintain the correct alignment of the glass cover with the face
of the dial
b) Each instrument marking must be clearly visible to the appropriate crew
member

5. Certification of aircraft, parts and appliances MANUALS AND LIMITATIONS: (e.g. speed limitations, flight manual, continued
5.1 Certification Specifications airworthiness manual, etc.).
(European Aviation Certification Standards EACS or CS) 5.1.1 Type Certification

Before the production of Aircraft, Engines or Propellers, the manufacturer needs a
EACS 23/25/27/29 is based on the equivalent EASA requirements.
Type certificate from his Regulatory body.
 An important element of this development has been the harmonization with the
corresponding United States legislation FAR-25.  The authority will only accept an application for a type certificate provided the
manufacturer holds an appropriate Design Organization Approval (under PART
The above referenced information is categorized as follows:
21).
 CS-23 Certification specification for Airworthiness of Normal, Utility,
 In Europe, the Type certificates are issued by National Aviation Authorities in
Aerobatic, and Commuter category aeroplanes.
accordance with EASA regulations on behalf of the Agency when products
 CS-25 Certification specification for Airworthiness of Large Aeroplanes. show compliance with the requirements of EASA, i.e. aircraft manufacturers
 CS-27 Certification specification for Airworthiness of Small Rotorcraft. have demonstrated compliance with CS 23, 25, 27 or 29
 CS-29 Certification specification for Airworthiness of Large Rotorcraft.  The applicant (usually the manufacturer) will be issued with the type
The content of the standards is generally divided into the following topics certificate; he now becomes the Type Certificate Holder and assumes
responsibilities with regard to continuing support of products throughout their
PERFORMANCES: (e.g. climb gradients one engine inoperative) and handling service.
qualities (e.g. static and dynamic stability, control force, etc.).
5.1.2 Type Certificate Data Sheet
STRUCTURE: (e.g. gust envelopes, maneuvers envelope, fatigue requirements, The Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS) documents the conditions and
etc.). limitations necessary to meet the airworthiness requirements. It is a
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION: (e.g. emergency evacuation provisions, fire highly structured reference document maintained by the Type Certificate
holder and published by the National Airworthiness Authority. It contains:
protection etc.).
 Holder of the Type Certificate
POWERPLANT INSTALLATION: (e.g. uncontained power plant failure fuel and oil  Basis of Certification
system requirements, etc.).  Power plants
 Fuel
SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT: (e.g. systems safety analyses: requirements for  Limitations
electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic systems: required equipment for flight and  Required equipment
navigation, etc.).  Qualifying aircraft (prototype) serial
 numbers
 Weight and balance

 Minimum crew 5.1.4 Part–21 Design/Production Organization Approvals

 Maximum passengers
 Service information EASA Part 21 is related to Certification of aircraft and related products,
parts and appliances, and of design and production organizations
 One responsibility for the type certificate holder is to keep a register of all SUBPART G PRODUCTION ORGANISATION APPROVAL
known users of the product and to communicate all new and updated 21A.131 Scope
airworthiness data to them.
This Subpart establishes:
 Further to this he must produce maintenance and overhaul manuals, (a) The procedure for the issuance of a production organization approval
illustrated parts catalogues etc. and provide a full range of product support for a production organisation showing conformity of products, parts
facilities to ensure continued airworthiness of the items manufactured to and appliances with the applicable design data.
the Type Certificate.
(b) The rules governing the rights and obligations of the applicant for, and holders
 An application for type-certification of large aeroplanes and large of, such approvals.
rotorcraft shall be effective for five years and an application for any other
type-certificate shall be effective for three years, unless an applicant shows (c) 21A.133 Eligibility
at the time of application that its product requires a longer period of time Any natural or legal person (‘organisation’) shall be eligible as an applicant
for design, development, and testing, and the Agency approves a longer for an approval under this Subpart. The applicant shall:
period. (a) justify that, for a defined scope of work, an approval under this Subpart
5.1.3 Supplemental Type Certificate is appropriate for the purpose of showing conformity with a specific
design; and
 A Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) is a document issued by the Federal
(b) hold or have applied for an approval of that specific design; or
Aviation Administration (Manufacturer Regulatory Body) approving a
product (aircraft, engine, or propeller) modification. (c) Have ensured, through an appropriate arrangement with the
applicant for, or holder of, an approval of that specific design,
 The STC defines the product design change, states how the modification
satisfactory coordination between production and design.
affects the existing type design, and lists serial number effectively.
 It also identifies the certification basis listing specific regulatory 21A.134 Application
compliance for the design change. Each application for a production organisation approval shall be made to the
 Information contained in the certification basis is helpful for those
Competent Authority in a form and manner established by that authority,
applicants proposing subsequent product modifications and evaluating
certification basis compatibility with other STC modifications.

21A.135 Issue of Production Organisation Approval (xii) Issue of airworthiness release documents.
(xiii) Handling, storage and packing.
An organisation shall be entitled to have a production organization approval issued (xiv) Internal quality audits and resulting corrective actions.
by the Competent Authority when it has demonstrated compliance with the
(xv) Work within the terms of approval performed at any location other than the
applicable requirements
approved facilities.
21A.139 Quality system (xvi) Work carried out after completion of production but prior to delivery, to
(a) The production organisation shall demonstrate that it has established and is maintain the aircraft in a condition for safe operation.
able to maintain a quality system. The quality system shall be documented. This (xvii) Issue of permit to fly and approval of associated flight conditions. The control
quality system shall be such as to enable the organisation to ensure that each procedures need to include specific provisions for any critical parts.
product, part or appliance produced by the organisation or by its partners, or 21A.143 Production Organization Exposition (P.O.E)
supplied from or subcontracted to outside parties, conforms to the applicable
design data and is in condition for safe operation, and thus exercise the (a) The organization shall submit to the Competent Authority a production
organization exposition providing the following information:
privileges.
1. A statement signed by the accountable manager confirming that the
(b) The quality system shall contain as applicable within the scope of approval,
production organisation exposition and any associated manuals which
control procedures for:
define the approved organisation's compliance with this Subpart will be
(i) Document issue, approval, or change. complied with at all times.
(ii) Vendor and subcontractor assessment audit and control.
2. The title(s) and names of managers accepted by the Competent Authority
(iii) Verification that incoming products, parts, materials, and equipment,
including items supplied new or used by buyers of products, are as 3. The duties and responsibilities of the manager(s) as required including
specified in the applicable design data. matters on which they may deal directly with the Competent Authority on
(iv) Identification and traceability. behalf of the organisation.
(v) Manufacturing processes. 4. An organizational chart showing associated chains of responsibility of the
(vi) Inspection and testing, including production flight tests. managers
(vii) Calibration of tools, jigs, and test equipment.
5. A list of certifying staff
(viii) Non-conforming item control.
(ix) Airworthiness coordination with the applicant for, or holder of, the design 6. A general description of man-power resources.
approval. 7. A general description of the facilities located at each address specified in
(x) Records completion and retention. the production organisation's certificate of approval.
(xi) Personnel competence and qualification.

8. A general description of the production organisation's scope of work 2. The production organisation has established a procedure to ensure that
relevant to the terms of approval. airworthiness, noise, fuel venting and exhaust emissions data are correctly
9. The procedure for the notification of organizational changes to the incorporated in its production data.
Competent Authority.
3. Such data are kept up to date and made available to all personnel who need
10. The amendment procedure for the production organisation exposition. access to such data to perform their duties.
11. A description of the quality system and the procedures (c) With regard to management and staff:
12. A list of outside parties 1. A manager has been nominated by the production organisation, and is
accountable to the Competent Authority. His or her responsibility within the
(b) The production organisation exposition shall be amended as necessary to
organization shall consist of ensuring that all production is performed to the
remain an up-to-date description of the organisation, and copies of any
amendments shall be supplied to the Competent Authority. required standards and that the production organisation is continuously in
compliance with the data and procedures identified in the exposition
21A.145 Approval requirements referred to in Exposition.
The production organisation shall demonstrate, on the basis of the information
2. A person or group of persons have been nominated by the production
submitted in accordance with Production Organization
organisation to ensure that the organisation is in compliance with the
Exposition that: requirements of this Part, and are identified, together with the extent of
(a) with regard to general approval requirements, facilities, working conditions, their authority. Such person(s) shall act under the direct authority of the
equipment and tools, processes and associated materials, number and accountable manager. The persons nominated shall be able to show the
competence of staff, and general organisation are adequate to discharge appropriate knowledge, background and experience to discharge their
obligations. responsibilities.
(b) with regard to all necessary airworthiness, noise, fuel venting and exhaust 3. Staff at all levels have been given appropriate authority to be able to
emissions data: discharge their allocated responsibilities and that there is full and effective
coordination within the production organisation in respect of airworthiness,
1. The production organisation is in receipt of such data from the Agency, and
noise, fuel venting and exhaust emission data matters.
from the holder of, or applicant for, the type-certificate, restricted type-
certificate or design approval, to determine conformity with the applicable (d) With regard to certifying staff, authorised by the production organisation to sign
design data. the documents issued:

1. The knowledge, background (including other functions in the organisation), 21A.151 Terms of approval
and experience of the certifying staff are appropriate to discharge their
The terms of approval shall identify the scope of work, the products or the
allocated responsibilities. categories of parts and appliances, or both, for which the holder is entitled to
2. The production organisation maintains a record of all certifying staff which exercise the privileges. Those terms shall be issued as part of a production
shall include details of the scope of their authorisation. organization approval.
3. Certifying staff are provided with evidence of the scope of their 21A.153 Changes to the terms of approval
authorisation.
Each change to the terms of approval shall be approved by the Competent
21A.147 Changes to the approved production organization Authority. An application for a change to the terms of approval shall be made in a
(a) After the issue of a production organisation approval, each change to the form and manner established by the Competent Authority. The applicant shall
approved production organisation that is significant to the showing of comply with the applicable requirements of this Subpart.
conformity or to the airworthiness and characteristics of noise, fuel venting
and exhaust emissions of the product, part or appliance, particularly changes 21A.157 Investigations
to the quality system, shall be approved by the Competent Authority. An
A production organisation shall make arrangements that allow the Competent
application for approval shall be submitted in writing to the Competent
Authority to make any investigations, including investigations of partners and
Authority and the organisation shall demonstrate to the Competent Authority
subcontractors, necessary to determine compliance and continued compliance
before implementation of the change that it will continue to comply with this
with the applicable requirements of this Subpart.
Subpart.
(b) The Competent Authority shall establish the conditions under which a 21A.158 Findings
production organisation approved under this Subpart may operate during (a) When objective evidence is found showing noncompliance of the holder of a
such changes unless the Competent Authority determines that the approval production organisation approval with the applicable requirements of this Part,
should be suspended. the finding shall be classified as follows:
21A.148 Changes of location 1. A level one finding is any non-compliance with this Part which could lead to
uncontrolled non compliances with applicable design data and which could
A change of the location of the manufacturing facilities of the approved production
organisation shall be deemed of significance and therefore shall comply with affect the safety of the aircraft.
changes to the approved production organization 2. A level two finding is any non-compliance with this Part which is not classified
21A.149 Transferability as level one.
Except as a result of a change in ownership, which is deemed significant, a (b) A level three finding is any item where it has been identified, by objective
production organisation approval is not transferable. evidence, to contain potential problems that could lead to a non-compliance

(c) After receipt of notification of findings, from the Competent Authority, 3. There is evidence that the production organization cannot maintain
satisfactory control of the manufacture of products, parts or appliances
1. In case of a level one finding, the holder of the production organization
under the approval; or
approval shall demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of the
Competent Authority within a period of no more than 21 working days, after 4. The production organisation no longer meets the requirements of Eligibility
written confirmation of the finding. or
2. In case of level two findings, the corrective action period granted by the
5. the certificate has been surrendered or revoked. Upon surrender or
Competent Authority shall be appropriate to the nature of the finding but
revocation, the certificate shall be returned to the Competent Authority.
in any case initially shall not be more than six months. In certain
circumstances and subject to the nature of the finding the Competent SUBPART J DESIGN ORGANISATION APPROVAL
Authority may extend the six month period subject to a satisfactory 21A.231 Scope
corrective action plan agreed by the Competent Authority.
This Subpart establishes the procedure for the approval of design organizations and
3. A level three finding shall not require immediate action by the holder of the rules governing the rights and obligations of applicants for, and holders of, such
production organisation approval. approvals.
(d) In case of level one or level two findings, the production organisation approval 21A.233 Eligibility
may be subject to a partial or full limitation, suspension or revocation. The
Any natural or legal person (‘organisation’) shall be eligible as an applicant for an
holder of the production organization approval shall provide confirmation of approval under this Subpart
receipt of the notice of limitation, suspension or revocation of the production
organization approval in a timely manner. 21A.234 Application
21A.159 Duration and continued validity Each application for a design organisation approval shall be made in a form and
manner established by the Agency
(a) A production organisation approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It
21A.235 Issue of design organisation approval
shall remain valid unless:
An organisation shall be entitled to have a design organization approval issued by
1. The production organisation fails to demonstrate compliance with the
the Agency when it has demonstrated compliance with the applicable
applicable requirements of this Subpart; or requirements under this Subpart.
2. The Competent Authority is prevented by the holder or any of its partners
21A.239 Design assurance system
or subcontractors to perform the investigations; or
(a) The design organisation shall demonstrate that it has established and is able to
maintain a design assurance system for the control and supervision of the

design, and of design changes, of products, parts and appliances covered by statement of how the design organization is able to give, for all parts and
the application. This design assurance system shall be such as to enable the appliances, the assurance of compliance, and shall contain, directly or by cross-
organisation: reference, descriptions and information on the design activities and
organisation of those partners or subcontractors, as necessary to establish this
1. To ensure that the design of the products, parts and appliances or the design
statement.
change thereof, comply with the applicable type-certification basis and
(c) The handbook shall be amended as necessary to remain an upto- date
environmental protection requirements; and
description of the organisation, and copies of amendments shall be supplied to
2. To ensure that its responsibilities are properly discharged in accordance
the Agency.
with:
(d) The design organisation shall furnish a statement of the qualifications and
(i) The appropriate provisions of this Part; and
experience of the management staff and other persons responsible for making
(ii) The terms of approval.
decisions affecting airworthiness and environmental protection in the
3. To independently monitor the compliance with, and adequacy of, the organisation.
documented procedures of the system. This monitoring shall include a
feed-back system to a person or a group of persons having the 21A.245 Approval requirements
responsibility to ensure corrective actions. The design organisation shall demonstrate, on the basis of the information
(b) The design assurance system shall include an independent checking function of submitted in accordance with Design Organization Exposition (D.O.E) that, in
addition to complying with Design Assurance System
the showings of compliance on the basis of which the organisation submits
compliance statements and associated documentation to the Agency. (a) The staff in all technical departments are of sufficient numbers and experience
and have been given appropriate authority to be able to discharge their
(c) The design organisation shall specify the manner in which the design assurance allocated responsibilities and that these, together with the accommodation,
system accounts for the acceptability of the parts or appliances designed or the facilities and equipment are adequate to enable the staff to achieve the
tasks performed by partners or subcontractor according to methods which are airworthiness and environmental protection objectives for the product.
the subject of written procedures. (b) There is full and efficient coordination between departments and within
departments in respect of airworthiness and environmental protection
21A.243 Data matters.
(a) The design organisation shall furnish a handbook to the Agency describing, 21A.247 Changes in design assurance system
directly or by cross-reference, the organisation, the relevant procedures and
the products or changes to products to be designed. After the issue of a design organisation approval, each change to the design
assurance system that is significant to the showing of compliance or to the
(b) Where any parts or appliances or any changes to the products are designed by airworthiness and environmental protection of the product, shall be approved by
partner organisations or subcontractors, the handbook shall include a the Agency. An application for approval shall be submitted in writing to the Agency

and the design organisation shall demonstrate to the Agency, on the basis of 21A.258 Findings
submission of proposed changes to the handbook, and before implementation of (a) When objective evidence is found showing non-compliance of the holder of a
the change, that it will continue to comply with this Subpart after implementation. design organisation approval with the applicable requirements of this Part, the
21A.249 Transferability finding shall be classified as follows:
Except as a result of a change in ownership, which is deemed significant for the 1. A level one finding is any non-compliance with this Part which could lead to
purposes of Changes in Design Assurance System, a Design Organisation Approval
uncontrolled non-compliances with applicable requirements and which
is not transferable.
could affect the safety of the aircraft.
21A.251 Terms of approval
2. A level two finding is any non-compliance with this Part which is not classified
The terms of approval shall identify the types of design work, the categories of
products, parts and appliances for which the design organisation holds a design as level one.
organisation approval, and the functions and duties that the organisation is (b) A level three finding is any item where it has been identified, by objective
approved to perform in regard to the airworthiness and characteristics of noise, evidence, to contain potential problems that could lead to a non-compliance
fuel venting and exhaust emissions of products. For design organisation approval
covering type-certification, authorization for Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), the terms (c) After receipt of notification of findings under the applicable administrative
of approval shall contain in addition the list of products or APU. Those terms shall procedures established by the Agency,
be issued as part of a design organisation approval.
1. In case of a level one finding, the holder of the design organisation approval
21A.253 Changes to the terms of approval shall demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of the Agency within
Each change to the terms of approval shall be approved by the Agency. An a period of no more than 21 working days after written confirmation of the
application for a change to the terms of approval shall be made in a form and
finding.
manner established by the Agency. The design organisation shall comply with the
applicable requirements of this Subpart. 2. In case of level two findings, the corrective action period granted by the
21A.257 Investigations Agency shall be appropriate to the nature of the finding but in any case
initially shall not be more than six months. In certain circumstances and
(a) The design organisation shall make arrangements that allow the Agency to subject to the nature of the finding the Agency may extend the six month
make any investigations, including investigations of partners and period subject to a satisfactory corrective action plan agreed by the Agency.
subcontractors, necessary to determine compliance and continued compliance
3. A level three finding shall not require immediate action by the holder of the
with the applicable requirements of this Subpart.
design organisation approval.
(b) The design organisation shall allow the Agency to review any report and make
any inspection and perform or witness any flight and ground test necessary to (d) In case of level one or level two findings, the design organization approval may
check the validity of the compliance statements submitted by the applicant be subject to a partial or full suspension or revocation under the applicable
administrative procedures established by the Agency. The holder of the design

organisation approval shall provide confirmation of receipt of the notice of 5.2 Certificate of Airworthiness
suspension or revocation of the design organisation approval in a timely A Certificate of Airworthiness (C of A), or an airworthiness certificate, is issued for
manner. an aircraft by the national aviation authority in the state in which the aircraft is
21A.259 Duration and continued validity registered.
The airworthiness certificate attests that the aircraft is airworthy insofar as the
(a) A design organisation approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall
aircraft conforms to its type design.
remain valid unless:
Each airworthiness certificate is issued in one or a number of different categories.
1. The design organisation fails to demonstrate compliance with the applicable References for “C of A” can be found in:
requirements of this Subpart; or  ICAO Annex 8 -Airworthiness of Aircraft
2. The Agency is prevented by the holder or any of its partners or  CARs 1994, Part IV, Airworthiness Requirements, Section 1 Certificate of
subcontractors to perform the investigations; or Airworthiness
 Latest Revision of PCAA ANO-004-AWRG – Certificate of Airworthiness,
3. There is evidence that the design assurance system cannot maintain
Permit to fly and Export Certificate of Airworthiness
satisfactory control and supervision of the design of products or changes
5.2.1 General
thereof under the approval; or
4. the certificate has been surrendered or revoked under the applicable In accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation and Rule
administrative procedures established by the Agency. 16 of Civil Aviation Rules 1994, no aircraft registered in Pakistan shall fly
unless there is, relating to that aircraft, a current Certificate of
(b) Upon surrender or revocation, the certificate shall be returned to the Agency
Airworthiness, issued or validated by the Airworthiness Directorate of Civil
Aviation Authority of Pakistan.
5.2.2 Categories of Certificate of Airworthiness
Aircraft is categorized according to the functions performed by it.

Civil Aviation Rules 1994 permit operation of the aircraft in the following
categories:
 Regular Public Transport.
 Charter.
 Aerial Work.
 Private.

‘Aerial work operations’ means flight operations other than charter, or regular State of Manufacture or by the State in which the aircraft was last
public transport, or private operations, for which hire or reward is given or registered, together with the application on Form CAAF-127- AWXX and
promised to the pilot. requisite fee.
‘Charter operations’ means flight operations in which an aircraft is used for the  In case, an aircraft is entered on the Pakistan Civil Aircraft Register, and
carriage of passengers or cargo for hire or reward; and any reference to "charter" having a valid “C of A” issued by a contracting state, PCAA may validate
has a corresponding meaning: that “C of A” issuing an authorization, which shall not exceed the original
validity of that “C of A” considering the previous C of A as satisfactory
 to and from any place but not in accordance with fixed schedules to and
evidence in a whole or in part that the aircraft is in compliance with ICAO
from fixed terminals; or
applicable standards of Annex-8 (Airworthiness of Aircraft).
 in accordance with fixed schedules to and from fixed terminals in
 All the work required to be done on the aircraft for the issue of Certificate
circumstances in which the accommodation in the aircraft is not available
of Airworthiness shall be carried out by appropriately licensed aircraft
for use by members of the public;
maintenance engineer or an Organization approved by Airworthiness
‘Private Operations’ means flight operations, other than aerial work, charter, or Directorate and shall conform to the requirements, specifications,
regular public transport, in which no remuneration, hire, or reward is given to the drawings and instructions issued by the aircraft manufacturer.
pilot, the owner, or the operator of the aircraft in respect of that flight or the
 The aircraft shall be test flown according to flight test schedule acceptable
purpose of that flight.
to the Airworthiness Directorate to establish its compliance with:
‘Regular Public Transport Operation’ means flight operations in which an aircraft
1) The Airworthiness requirements of the State of Manufacture or the
is used for the carriage of passengers or cargo for hire or reward in accordance with
previous State of Registry.
fixed schedules to and from fixed terminals over specific routes with or without
intermediate stopping places between terminals, and any reference to "regular 2) In certain circumstances, the Airworthiness Directorate may require
public transport" has a corresponding meaning. special flight tests to determine conformity with the national
Airworthiness requirements.
Owner/Operator of the aircraft shall specify in the application for issue / validation
of Certificate of Airworthiness, the category or categories mentioned above for 3) Such other conditions as prescribed by the Airworthiness Directorate
which the aircraft is required to be certificated. for issue of a Certificate of Airworthiness.
5.2.3 Issue / Validation of Certificate of Airworthiness  The aircraft maintenance engineer or the approved Organization shall
certify the aircraft to be fit for flight test as determined through inspections
 To enable issue/validation of Certificate of Airworthiness (including Export of the aircraft, its records and manuals and that all applicable
Certificate of Airworthiness) the applicant shall provide, to the Airworthiness Directives, mandatory modifications and inspections issued
Airworthiness Directorate, the Certificate of Airworthiness issued by the

by the State of manufacture have been carried out and/or certified to have  A copy of the manufacturer's maintenance/service, overhaul, repair and
been carried out. wiring diagram manuals and illustrated parts catalogues of the aircraft,
engine, propeller and installed equipment along with a written
 The aircraft shall be weighed to determine its accurate empty weight and
confirmation from the manufacturers thereof that amendments, revisions,
its corresponding center of gravity to update its weight and balance
or new issues will be supplied to the PCAA as and when these are issued.
schedule and trim sheets. The aircraft weighing shall be carried out under
the supervision of Airworthiness Directorate for approval of its weight and  A complete set of all manufacturers’ service bulletins or equivalent
balance schedule. Weighing carried out under the supervision of State of documents issued in respect of the aircraft along with a written
last registry may be accepted till its re-weighing becomes due. Its weight confirmation from the manufacturers thereof that amendments, revisions,
and balance schedule shall be prepared on format acceptable to PCAA. or new issues will be supplied to the PCAA as and when these are issued.
 Prior to issue of first Certificate of Airworthiness by PCAA, the Owner /
 A copy of the aircraft weight and balance manual.
Operator of the aircraft shall arrange training of at least four Airworthiness
officials (02 Aerospace & 02 Avionics) so as to provide continued  A copy of production flight test report issued by the aircraft manufacturer.
Airworthiness surveillance of the aircraft. The expenditures on the training  For aircraft assembled in Pakistan:
will be at no cost to PCAA. This training will be provided along with own 1) Flight test report of the aircraft on Form CAAF-129- AWXX.
engineers / personnel required for maintenance of the aircraft, engines 2) Flight test report of the aircraft's Avionics equipment on Form CAAF-
and equipment. The training shall be imparted by training centre approved 131-AWXX.
by the Airworthiness Directorate. 3) Ground test (ATC) report of the aircraft's Avionics equipment on Form
 Following documents relating to the aircraft shall be submitted to CAAF-122-AWXX.
Airworthiness Directorate for retention:-  The Certificate of Airworthiness of the aircraft will be issued by the
1) A copy of type certificate and its technical data sheets or Airworthiness Directorate and validated for a period of twelve (12) months
acceptable equivalent documents issued by the State of by the nearest Airworthiness field office on Form CAAF-009AWXX after its
design/manufacture. necessary checks and inspections have been carried out satisfactorily.
2) A copy of the Certificate of Airworthiness for export issued by the 5.2.4 Renewal of Certificate of Airworthiness
State of manufacture/State of last registry or the current  The airworthiness field office will renew certificate of airworthiness of the
Certificate of Airworthiness. aircraft when the owner/operator applies on Form CAAF-119-AWXX along
3) A copy of Flight Manual or acceptable equivalent document. with necessary fee. The application should reached, at least 15 days prior
to “C of A” expiry date. The aircraft shall comply with the following
4) A copy of the crew operations manual.
requirements:

1) The aircraft has been serviced and maintained in accordance with 11) The aircraft weight and balance data is in conformity with the
schedule, methods and procedures given by the manufacturer and requirements of the Airworthiness Directorate, including reweighing
approved by the Airworthiness Directorate; (if required) and/or compliance with a system for recording
progressive weight and balance change;
2) All inspections, repairs, overhauls, modifications and replacements 12) The aircraft maintenance records are in conformity with the
which affect Airworthiness have been carried out as prescribed by the requirements of the Airworthiness Directorate;
manufacturer and approved by the Airworthiness Directorate; 13) Airworthiness flight test shall be completed to ensure that the aircraft
3) All certification maintenance requirements have been complied with flight characteristics do not change significantly from the previous
at the prescribed intervals and by appropriately licensed personnel; flight test and to ensure proper functioning of the aircraft and its
systems in flight. However flight test report of the aircraft which is
4) All modifications or inspections declared mandatory by the
maintained under approved progressive maintenance schedule will
Airworthiness Directorate have been complied with.
be carried out as per the requirements given in the schedule. The
5) Compliance of all applicable Airworthiness Directives, mandatory flight test reports shall be submitted to the Airworthiness Directorate.
modifications and inspections shall be intimated to the Airworthiness
 The Certificate of Airworthiness of the aircraft will be renewed for a period
Directorate on Form CAAF-116-AWXX; not exceeding twelve months from the date of satisfactory flight test. The
6) Any parts of the aircraft that have an ultimate service life limit declared aircraft which is maintained under the approved progressive maintenance
by the organization responsible for the type design or the Airworthiness schedule will have its Certificates of Airworthiness renewed from the next
day of its expiry period. The renewal will be affected after necessary checks
Directorate have not exceeded their approved lives;
and inspections have been carried out satisfactorily by the nearest
7) If the aircraft has been released to service with any airworthiness Airworthiness field office.
significant systems, components or equipment unserviceable, this is in 5.2.5 Invalidation of Certificate of Airworthiness
compliance with a minimum equipment list or similar document
approved by the PCAA;  Any failure to maintain an aircraft in an Airworthiness condition as defined
by the appropriate Airworthiness requirements laid down by the
8) If the aircraft has been released into service with any structural parts
Airworthiness Directorate shall render the aircraft ineligible for operation
missing, this is in compliance with procedures approved by the
until the aircraft is restored to an Airworthiness condition.
Airworthiness Directorate.
 Certificate of Airworthiness of the aircraft ceases to be valid:
9) All minor damages and repairs are within limits as given in the
1) On expiry date of validity entered on the Certificate;
structural repair manual for the aircraft;
10) All markings and placards included in the approval of the type design 2) If the aircraft or any of its equipment which is essential to the
and approved by the Airworthiness Directorate are available; continued airworthiness of the aircraft is overhauled or repaired, or

such equipment is removed or replaced, other than in a manner which status of the aircraft or other product. In the case of a complete aircraft the
complies with the maintenance and repair procedures issued by the Export Certificate of Airworthiness either confirms the aircraft’s conformity
aircraft and its equipment manufacturers and maintenance schedule with the approved design data and its acceptable airworthiness status, stating
approved by the Airworthiness Directorate; in effect that if the aircraft were to remain on the registry of the exporting State
it would continue to qualify for the continuance of its Certificate of
3) If the aircraft or its equipment is inspected and / or repaired by an
Airworthiness or that the aircraft standard complies with the requirements of
organization not approved by the Airworthiness Directorate.
the importing State and it’s in a condition for safe operation.
4) If any inspection of the aircraft, or of its equipment, required by the
approved maintenance procedures or schedules is not carried out;  It is very important to understand that an export certificate of airworthiness is
not a Certificate of Airworthiness and therefore does not confer the right of
5) If any modification specified by the aircraft manufacturer or
Airworthiness Directorate as mandatory for the continued international flight and cannot be validated to fly internationally. An aircraft
Airworthiness of the aircraft is not carried out; having an Export Certificate of Airworthiness will require a valid Certificate of
6) If any modification is carried out or equipment installed, other than as Airworthiness issued by the State of Registry
approved by the Airworthiness Directorate;  Part IV section I Rule 16(c) of the CARs 1994 requires an export certificate of
7) If any Airworthiness Directive issued by the state of manufacture or a airworthiness to be issued, when a product is exported from Pakistan. An
directive issued by the Airworthiness Directorate is not complied with; export certificate of airworthiness will be issued to:
8) If the aircraft has sustained damage of such nature that in the opinion 1) New aircraft that are assembled and that have been flight tested, and other
of a licensed aircraft maintenance engineer, or authorized person or Class I products located in Pakistan.
an approved maintenance organization it is no longer fit to fly. 2) Class II products.
9) If the Airworthiness Directorate has reason to believe that the aircraft 3) Class III products.
is not airworthy. Note –
Class I product – is a complete aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller which has
5.2.6 Export Certificate of Airworthiness been type certified and has been issued with a data sheet.
PCAA facilitates the transfer of aircraft into the register of another State by the Class II product – is a major component of Class I product such as wings,
issue of an “Export Certificate of Airworthiness”. While not valid for the purpose of fuselages, empennage assemblies, landing gears, power transmission,
flight, such a document provides confirmation by the exporting State of recent control surfaces, etc., the failure of which would jeopardize the safety of a
satisfactory review of the airworthiness status of the aircraft. Class I product.
 For facilitating the export of class I, II & III products, PCAA have adopted title Class III products – any part or component which is not a Class I or Class II
for the export document “Export Certificate of Airworthiness”. This is a product or a standard part. The applicant will be entitled to an export
certificate of airworthiness only if the applicant shows that the product
statement to confirm to the importing State the acceptable airworthiness
meets all the airworthiness requirements.

An export certificate of airworthiness does NOT authorize the operation of aircraft. What should the applicant do?
The export certificate of airworthiness will be issued on the Form CAAF-010-AWXX.
In the first instance the operator should establish whether the defective condition
The applicant may apply for an export certificate of airworthiness on the form no.
CAAF-107-AWXX. is covered by any of the existing approved data, e.g. MMEL, CDL.
If none of these options are applicable the next step is to contact their Competent
5.3 Restricted Certificate of Airworthiness: Authority to start the process for the issue of a PtF. At this stage the operator needs
R-CoA based on a design approval attesting compliance with specific airworthiness to agree with his Competent Authority whether the flight conditions are related to
specifications (SAS) issued by the Agency for the specific case: This is intended for safety of the design. If they are not, then the complete process can be dealt with
individual aircraft that for various reasons cannot comply with the applicable by the Competent Authority.
airworthiness requirements but for which adequate safety can nevertheless be If the Competent Authority determines that safety of the design is affected, then
ensured through restrictions, limitations and other mitigating measures. The the flight conditions will need to be approved either by EASA, or by a suitably
examples for which this option is used today are aircraft without active TC holder approved DOA. In many cases the TC holder will have privileges to do this, based
(‘orphan’ aircraft) and aircraft designed in the former Soviet Union for which the on previously approved flight conditions agreed with EASA. If the flight conditions
Agency has not (yet) issued a TC. New provisions are proposed allowing for an easy cannot be approved either by the Competent Authority or by a DOA, then an
transfer of aircraft from a normal CoA to an R-CoA in case the type becomes application to EASA using Form 37 will be necessary.
‘orphan’.
EASA will require technical data to support the application which identifies the
5.2.8 Permit to Fly: defective condition (e.g. pictures of any visible damage), actions taken to minimize
A Permit to fly is generally issued when a certificate of airworthiness is temporarily the effects (e.g. statement from the manufacturer supporting the flight), and
invalid, or when a certificate of airworthiness cannot be granted, but the aircraft is proposals for the flight conditions (using Form 18b) that further mitigate the
nevertheless capable of performing a safe flight. situation in order that it can be clearly determined that a safe flight can be
A PtF is required when an aircraft does not meet, or has shown not to have met, performed.
applicable airworthiness requirements and as a result does not hold a valid
certificate of airworthiness or restricted certificate of airworthiness, but is capable Where it is known that flight conditions will need to be approved by EASA,
application for these could be made in parallel with the application to the
of a safe flight under defined conditions
Competent Authority for a Permit to Fly.
Note that the State of Registry can also grant an exemption to allow an aircraft to
fly without a valid C of A or R-C of A under the provisions of article 14.4 of the Basic
Regulation if it finds that the conditions of this article are met.

5.4 Certificate of Registration 5.4.2 Nationality and registration marks

An aircraft registration is a unique alphanumeric string that identifies a civil aircraft, In accordance with CARs 1994, Part III, Section 2, Rule 13
in similar fashion to a license plate on an automobile.  The nationality mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be the letters
 In accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation all aircraft "AP".
must be registered with a national aviation authority and they must carry proof  The registration mark of an aircraft registered in Pakistan shall be the
of this registration in the form of a legal document called a Certificate of group of three letters assigned to the aircraft and included in its
Registration at all times when in operation. certificate of registration.
 The nationality and registration marks allocated to an aircraft shall be
 Most countries also require the aircraft registration to be imprinted on a
painted on its structure or affixed by any other means giving a similar
permanent fireproof plate mounted on the fuselage for the purposes of post-
degree of permanence and shall be clean and visible at all times.
fire/post-crash aircraft accident investigation.
 An aircraft registered in Pakistan shall carry an identification plate
 Because aeroplanes/airplanes display their registration numbers on the aft inscribed with its nationality and registration marks. The plate shall be
fuselage just forward of the tail, in earlier times, more often on the tail itself, made of fire proof material and shall be secured to the aircraft in a
the registration is often referred to as the "tail number". prominent position near the main entrance.
 Although each aircraft registration is unique, some countries allow it to be re-
5.4.3 Documents for Aircraft Registration
used when the aircraft has been sold, destroyed or retired.
 The following documents are required for Aircraft Registration (i.a.w latest
 Also note that an individual aircraft may be assigned different registrations
revision of AWNOT-005-AWRG):
during its existence. This can be because the aircraft changes ownership,
 Application Form CAAF-128-AWXX
jurisdiction of registration, or in some cases for vanity reasons
 Type Certificate issued by FAA or EASA
 References for “C of R” can be found in:  Type Certificate/Type Acceptance Certificate issued by PCAA
1) ICAO Annex 7 (Aircraft Nationality & Registration Marks)  NOC issued by Air Transport Directorate of PCAA
2) CARs 1994 , Part III, Registration & Marking of Aircraft, Section 1,
 Proof of Ownership of Aircraft
Registration of Aircraft
 Custom Clearance Documents
5.4.1 General
 De-registration Certificate of aircraft from previous state of Registration
In accordance with the Convention on International Civil Aviation and Rule 7 of  Processing fee
Civil Aviation Rules 1994, “An Aircraft other than a military aircraft shall not fly
in Pakistan unless it has been included in Pakistan Aircraft Register or has been
registered in a contracting state”

5.4.4 Cancellation of Registration 5.5 Aircraft Noise Certificate
The person, or persons, or organization named in Pakistan Aircraft Register as the 5.5.1 Aircraft Noise
owner, or owners of that aircraft shall inform the Director-General:
Aircraft noise is noise pollution produced by any aircraft or its components,
 if the aircraft suffers destruction during various phases of a flight: on the ground while parked such as
 if it is permanently withdrawn from use auxiliary power units, while taxiing, on run-up from propeller and jet
 if it is transferred to the aircraft register of another State exhaust, during takeoff, underneath and lateral to departure and arrival
 If the Certificate of Airworthiness is not issued for two years after its paths, overflying while en route, or during landing
registration or is not renewed for successive two years.
Reference Documents include:
 ICAO Annex 16 Environmental Protection Vol.-I “Aircraft Noise”
 PCAA AWNOT-62-AWRG “Aircraft Noise Certificate”
5.5.2 In accordance with ICAO Annex 16, Part II, Aircraft Noise
Certification, Chapter 1 Administration
Noise certification shall be granted or validated by the State of Registry of an

aircraft on the basis of satisfactory evidence that the aircraft complies with
requirements that are at least equal to the applicable Standards specified in
Annex 16.
The documents attesting noise certification shall be approved by the State of
Registry and shall be required by that State to be carried on the aircraft.
The documents attesting noise certification for an aircraft shall provide at least
the following information:
Item 1. Name of State.
Item 2. Title of the noise document.
Item 3. Number of the document.
Item 4. Nationality or common mark and registration marks.
Item 5. Manufacturer and manufacturer’s designation of aircraft.
Item 6. Aircraft serial number.
Item 7. Engine manufacturer, type and model.
Item 8. Propeller type and model for propeller driven aeroplanes.

Item 9. Maximum take-off mass in kilograms. 5.5.3 In accordance with ICAO Annex 16, Part II, Aircraft Noise
Item 10. Maximum landing mass, in kilograms,
Certification, Chapter 4.
Item 11. The chapter and section of this Annex according to which the aircraft
was certificated. 4.2 Noise measurements
Item 12. Additional modifications incorporated for the purpose of compliance
Noise evaluation measure shall be the effective perceived noise level in EPNdB.
with the applicable noise certification Standards.
Item 13. The lateral/full-power noise level in the corresponding unit for 4.3 Reference noise measurement points
documents issued under Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 12 of this Annex. An aeroplane, when tested in accordance with these Standards, shall not
Item 14. The approach noise level in the corresponding unit for documents exceed the maximum noise level of the noise measured at the points specified:
issued under Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 and 12 of this Annex.
Item 15. The flyover noise level in the corresponding unit for documents a) lateral full-power reference noise measurement point
issued under Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5 and 12 of this Annex. b) flyover reference noise measurement point
Item 16. The overflight noise level in the corresponding unit for documents
c) approach reference noise measurement point
issued under Chapters 6, 8 and 11 of this Annex.
Item 17. The take-off noise level in the corresponding unit for documents 4.4 Maximum noise levels
issued under Chapters 8 and 10 of this Annex. The maximum permitted noise levels defined, shall not be exceeded at any of
Item 18. Statement of compliance, including a reference to Annex 16, Volume the measurement points.
I. a) At the lateral full-power (reference noise measurement point)
Item 19. Date of issuance of the noise certification document. 103 EPNdB for aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-off mass, at
Item 20. Signature of the officer issuing it. which the noise certification is requested, of 400 000 kg and over and
Contracting States shall recognize as valid a noise certification granted by decreasing linearly with the logarithm of the mass down to 94 EPNdB at
another Contracting State provided that the requirements under which such 35000 kg, after which the limit remains constant.
certification was granted are at least equal to the applicable Standards b) At flyover (reference noise measurement point)
specified in this Annex. i) Aeroplanes with two engines or less 101 EPNdB for aeroplanes with
maximum certificated take-off mass, at which the noise certification is
A Contracting State shall suspend or revoke the noise certification of an aircraft
requested, of 385 000 kg and over and decreasing linearly with the
on its register if the aircraft ceases to comply with the applicable noise
logarithm of the aeroplane mass at the rate of 4 EPNdB per halving of mass
Standards. The State of Registry shall not remove the suspension of a noise
down to 89 EPNdB, after which the limit is constant.
certification or grant a new noise certification unless the aircraft is found, on
reassessment, to comply with the applicable noise Standards.
ii) Aeroplanes with three engines As a) but with 104 EPNdB for 4) Approved Flight Manual Supplement
aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-off mass of 385 000 kg Copy of previous Noise Certificate issued by manufacturer or previous State of
and over. Registry
iii) Aeroplanes with four engines or more As a) but with 106 EPNdB for
aeroplanes with maximum certificated take-off mass of 385000 kg
and over.
c) At approach (reference noise measurement point) 105 EPNdB for aeroplanes
with maximum certificated take-off mass, at which the noise certification is
requested, of 280 000 kg or over, and decreasing linearly with the logarithm
of the mass down to 98 EPNdB at 35 000 kg, after which the limit remains
constant.
The sum of the differences at all three measurement points between the
maximum noise levels and the maximum permitted noise levels specified
above, shall not be less than 10 EPNdB
The sum of the differences at any two measurement points between the
maximum noise levels and the corres ponding maximum permitted noise
levels specified above, shall not be less than 2 EPNdB.
5.5.3.1 In accordance with latest revision of AWNOT-062- AWRG,

DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR ISSUANCE OF NOISE CERTIFICATE
The application for the noise certification is to be submitted to the

Airworthiness directorate on latest version of Form CAAF-150-AWRG, while
submitting the application, the applicant has to authorize deduction of
applicable fee or submit the document pertaining to payment of fee.
Following documents are to be submitted along with noise application.
1) The aircraft’s Type Certificate and Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS)
2) Supplemental Type Certificate(s) as applicable
3) Approved Flight Manual
5.6 Weight Schedule and crewmembers and the influence of their position on the aeroplane
5.6.1 General center of gravity must be determined
7) must establish the mass of the traffic load, must determine the mass of
 Aircraft have a tendency to gain weight because of the accumulation of dirt, the fuel load by using the actual density or, if not known, the density
grease, corrosion etc., in areas not readily accessible for washing and cleaning. calculated
 Aircraft empty weight as well as, its center of gravity may vary because of
5.6.2 In accordance with latest revision of AWNOT-011-AWXX regarding
repairs and/or incorporation of modifications, as such determination of the
“Aircraft Weight and Balance Control”
accurate empty weight of the aircraft and its corresponding center of gravity is
extremely important, as incorrect data could cause subsequent over loading of  Complete and up to date weight and balance schedule and trim sheets are
the aircraft resulting in an increase of structural loads and reduction in required for all aircraft registered in Pakistan and must be carried on board the
performance. aircraft along with other documents such as the Certificate of Airworthiness,
Certificate of Maintenance and Flight Manual etc.
 An operator shall specify in the operations Manual
 The control of weight and balance is the responsibility of the operator.
1) the principles and methods involved in the loading and in the mass and
balance system  Aircraft would be weighed after every four years (on major check falling
due after 04 years since last weighing but not exceeding 5 years) unless
2) Each weight change has to be recorded and registered in the weight and
preamble to the approved maintenance schedule specifies otherwise.
balance sheet of the aircraft
 If the basic weight is estimated to have changed by more than 0.5% of the
3) A scheduled aircraft weighing has to be established for every flight a
maximum certificated take-off weight or if the center of gravity is estimated to
weight calculation (load sheet) must be performed and signed by the
have changed by more than 0.5% of M.A.C., then the aircraft shall be re-
pilot
weighed physically.
4) An operator shall ensure that during any phase of operation, the loading,
 For new aircraft the manufacturer will furnish complete information with
mass and center of gravity of the aeroplane remains within the
the aircraft not only regarding its actual weight and balance, but will also
limitations
include sketches and other data that will assist the operator in checking the
5) must establish the mass and the center of gravity of any aeroplane by balance after alterations, together with weight and balance control manual or
actual weighing before first service loading instructions.
6) must reweigh, if the effect of modifications on the mass and balance is  For aircraft which had previously been registered in another state, weight
not accurately known & must determine the mass of all-operating items and balance data, certified by the Airworthiness Authority of that state will be
accepted at the time of issue of Certificate of Airworthiness in Pakistan.
Physical weighing of the aircraft will be carried out on the major check falling 5.7.2 CERTIFICATE OF RADIO INSTALLATION
due after 4 years since last weighing but not exceeding 5 years. However, the
CAR 34 (b) (Radio Equipment shall not be installed in an aircraft registered in
weight and balance schedule changed to the manufacturer’s production Pakistan unless the installation in the aircraft has been approved by the D.G.
weight and balance format would be acceptable to PCAA. PCAA issues Cft of Radio Installation).
 In case, where complete weight and balance data is not available, the 5.7.3 MOBILE WIRELESS LICENSE
aircraft shall be weighed and the empty weight and C. G. location determined
before the issue of a Certificate of Airworthiness. CAR 34 (a) (Radio equipment shall not be installed in an aircraft registered in
Pakistan unless there is in respect of such radio equipment, a license issued by
 Each weighing must be witnessed, and the result confirmed by an the Federal Govt. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) issues the Radio
authorized officer of the Airworthiness Directorate. Weight and balance Station License necessary for operating radio equipment onboard the aircraft.
schedule must be calculated and prepared by an appropriately qualified AME
in Category B1 or an operations engineer having PCAA approval. 5.7.4 PTA Renewal Certificate
5.7 Radio Station License and Approval AWNOT 71 –D5 states that “operator will be responsible for the timely renewal
of the PTA license, which will be a requirement for renewal of C of A, every
CARs 1994, Part IV “Airworthiness Requirements”, Section 5 – “Radio Equipment in
year”.
Aircraft”, Rule 34 states Radio equipment shall not be installed in an aircraft
registered in Pakistan unless:
(a) There is in respect of such radio equipment, a license issued by the Federal
Government;
(b) The installation in the aircraft has been approved by the Director-General;
(c) The equipment is of a type approved by the Director-General and complies with
such directions issued by him in respect of airworthiness requirements.
5.7.1 AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATE
 After the issuance of an Airline License to an operator by the Federal

Government of Pakistan, it is a regulatory requirement to obtain an Air
Operator Certificate (AOC). AOC is issued in accordance with the requirements
laid down by Flight Standards in ANO 91.0001
 CAR 186. (Operators to hold an air operator certificate) Operations for AOC
include: Public Transport, Aerial work and Charter A/Cs.
6 Continuing Airworthiness a) Maintenance tasks taking into account the anticipated utilization of
6.1 Detailed understanding of Part-21 provisions related to Continuing the aircraft;
Airworthiness b) When applicable, a continuing structural integrity programme;
6.1.1 Aircraft Maintenance Arrangement Requirement c) Procedure for changing or deviating from (a) and (b) above;
In the case of large aircraft, the operator is responsible for the continuing d) When applicable, condition monitoring and reliability programme
airworthiness of the aircraft it operates and shall: description for aircraft systems, components and power plants.
 be approved, as part of the air operator certificate issued by e) Maintenance tasks and the intervals that have been specified as
PCAA for the aircraft it operates; and mandatory in approval of the type design shall be identified as such in
 have an Approved Maintenance Organization i.a.w the Maintenance Programme.
ANO145 AWRG
The operator has adequate maintenance organization to ensure compliance with
 ensure that no flight takes place unless:
approved maintenance programme.
1. the aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition,
Maintenance Planning: The Operator shall have a system appropriate to the
2. any operational and emergency equipment fitted is correctly installed amount and complexity of work to plan its maintenance activities and
and serviceable or clearly identified as unserviceable,
availability of resources, while ensuring that human performance limitations
3. the airworthiness certificate remains valid, are considered.
4. the maintenance of the aircraft is performed in accordance with the
Quality Assurance: The Organization shall develop a system of Quality Assurance
approved maintenance programme.
to perform annual audits of its functions and (if applicable), Audits of
As an AOC holder, the operator is required to comply with following minimum
contracted maintenance. Quality manager is to monitor compliance with, and
Airworthiness control requirements:
the adequacy of, procedures required to ensure airworthy aircraft.
Maintenance Programme: The operator has established an approved Compliance monitoring shall include a feedback system to the accountable
maintenance / inspection programme based on the recommendation of manager to ensure corrective action as necessary. Accountable Manager
the state of design for each type of aircraft including engines & should hold yearly meeting to review the overall performance and findings of
components. Every aircraft shall be maintained in accordance with a Non Compliances made by Quality Assurance section.
maintenance programme approved by PCAA, which shall be annually  Maintenance Control Manual: The operator shall provide, for the use and
reviewed and amended accordingly. guidance of maintenance and operational personnel concerned, a
Subsequent amendment if any shall also be approved by PCAA. The Maintenance Control Manual (MCM), which shall be approved by PCAA.
maintenance programme should contain following information:
The operator has made adequate arrangements for complying with CONTINUING AIRWORTHINESS INFORMATION:
continuing airworthiness requirements.  The operator of an aeroplane over 5700 kg maximum certificated takeoff
The operator has adequate arrangements for Record keeping of aircraft mass shall monitor and assess maintenance and operational experience
Maintenance. with respect to continuing airworthiness and provide the information as
The operator has made arrangements for Maintenance of aircraft by prescribed by the PCAA ,and report through the system acceptable to
approved Maintenance organization and appropriately authorized PCAA.
persons.  The operator of an aeroplane over 5700 kg maximum certificated takeoff
 The operator may perform complete maintenance of its aircraft if it mass shall obtain and assess continuing airworthiness information and
holds valid organization approval issued by Director Airworthiness OR recommendations available from the organization responsible for the type
may get the maintenance done through another approved design and shall implement resulting actions considered necessary in
Maintenance Organization under a Contract. accordance with a procedure acceptable to the PCAA.
In case, the operator has arrangement for Maintenance with any other
approved maintenance organization, then the operator should ensure
that:
1) There exists an appropriate contract between the operator and the
approved maintenance organization for maintenance of the
aircraft.
2) All maintenance required is performed and certified on, or before
the specified time in service or due date for each aircraft operated.
3) The operator's Maintenance Control Manual is current and
available to contracted maintenance organization.
4) The procedures followed by the maintenance organization are
adequate and relevant to the aircraft operated by the AOC holder.
5) Monitoring of contracted organization must be done by the
Operator, through its surveillance & Quality Audits, including
maintenance tasks performed outstation.
6.2 EASA Part M be carried out by the pilot or another qualified person but need not be carried
SECTION A TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS out by an approved maintenance organisation or by Part-66 certifying staff.
SUBPART A GENERAL (e) In the case of aircraft used by licenced air carriers in accordance with Regulation
(EC) No 1008/2008, the operator is responsible for the continuing
M.A.101 Scope airworthiness of the aircraft it operates and shall:
This Section establishes the measures to be taken to ensure that airworthiness is (1) ensure that no flight takes place unless the conditions defined in point (a)
maintained, including maintenance. It also specifies the conditions to be met by are met;
the persons or organizations involved in such continuing airworthiness (2) be approved, as part of its air operator certificate, as a continuing
management.
airworthiness management organisation pursuant to M.A. Subpart G
SUBPART B Accountability (CAMO) for the aircraft it operates; and
M.A.201 Responsibilities (3) be approved in accordance with Part-145 or establish a contract in
accordance with M.A.708(c) with such organisation.
(a) The owner is responsible for the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft and shall
ensure that no flight takes place unless: SUBPART C Continuing Airworthiness
1. The aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition,
M.A.301 Continuing Airworthiness Tasks
2. Any operational and emergency equipment fitted is correctly installed and
serviceable or clearly identified as unserviceable, The aircraft continuing airworthiness and the serviceability of both operational and
3. The airworthiness certificate remains valid, emergency equipment shall be ensured by:
4. The maintenance of the aircraft is performed in accordance with the 1. the accomplishment of preflight inspections;
approved maintenance program
2. The rectification of any defect and damage affecting safe operation, taking into
(b) When the aircraft is leased, the responsibilities of the owner are transferred to
the lessee if: account, for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport, the
minimum equipment list and configuration deviation list as applicable to the
1. The lessee is stipulated on the registration document,
aircraft type;
2. Detailed in the leasing contract.
3. the accomplishment of all maintenance, in accordance with approved aircraft
(c) Any person or organization performing maintenance shall be responsible for maintenance programme;
the tasks performed.
4. for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport the analysis of
(d) The pilot-in-command or, in the case of air carriers licenced in accordance with the effectiveness of approved maintenance programme;
Regulation (EC) No 1008/2008, the operator shall be responsible for the 5. the accomplishment of any applicable:
satisfactory accomplishment of the pre-flight inspection. This inspection must
(i) airworthiness directive,

(ii) Instructions for continuing airworthiness:
(ii) operational directive with a continuing airworthiness impact,
(e) The aircraft maintenance programme shall contain details, including frequency,
(iii) continued airworthiness requirement established by the Agency, of all maintenance to be carried out, including any specific tasks linked to the
(iv) measures mandated by the competent authority in immediate reaction to a type and the specificity of operations.
safety problem; (f) For large aircraft, when the maintenance programme is based on maintenance
steering group logic or on condition monitoring, the aircraft maintenance
6. the accomplishment of modifications and repairs
programme shall include a reliability programme.
7. for non-mandatory modifications and/or inspections, for all large aircraft or
aircraft used for commercial air transport the establishment of an embodiment (g) The aircraft maintenance programme shall be subject to periodic reviews and
policy; amended accordingly when necessary.
8. Maintenance check flights when necessary. These reviews shall ensure that the programme continues to be valid in light of
the operating experience and instructions from the competent authority whilst
M.A.302 Aircraft Maintenance Programme
taking into account new and/or modified maintenance instructions
(a) Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organised in accordance with an aircraft promulgated by the type certificate and supplementary type certificate holders
maintenance programme. and any other organisation that publishes such data
(b) The aircraft maintenance programme and any subsequent amendments shall M.A.303 Airworthiness directives
be approved by the competent authority.
Any applicable airworthiness directive must be carried out within the requirements
(c) When the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft is managed by an approved of that airworthiness directive, unless otherwise specified by the Agency.
continuing airworthiness management organisation, the aircraft maintenance
programme and its amendments may be approved through an indirect M.A.304 Data for modifications and repairs
approval procedure. Damage shall be assessed and modifications and repairs carried out using as
(i) In that case, the indirect approval procedure shall be established by the appropriate:
continuing airworthiness management organisation as part of the (a) Data approved by the Agency; or
Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition and shall be approved by (b) Data approved by a Part-21 design organization; or
the competent authority responsible for that continuing airworthiness (c) Data contained in the certification specifications referred to in point 21A.90B or
management organisation. 21A.431B of Annex I (Part-21)
(d) The aircraft maintenance programme must establish compliance with:
(i) Instructions issued by the competent authority;
M.A.305 Aircraft continuing airworthiness record system (h) An owner or operator shall ensure that a system has been established to keep
(a) At the completion of any maintenance, the certificate of release to service, shall the following records for the periods specified:
be entered in the aircraft continuing airworthiness records. Each entry shall be
1. all detailed maintenance records in respect of the aircraft and any service
made as soon as practicable but in no case more than 30 days after the day of
life limited component fitted thereto, until such time as the information
the maintenance action.
contained therein is superseded by new information equivalent in scope
(b) The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall consist of: and detail but not less than 36 months after the aircraft or component has
been released to service; and
1. an aircraft logbook, engine logbook(s) or engine module log cards, propeller
logbook(s) and log cards for any service life limited component as 2. the total time in service (hours, calendar time, cycles and landings) of the
appropriate, aircraft and all service life limited components, at least 12 months after the
aircraft or component has been permanently withdrawn from service;
(c) The aircraft type and registration mark, the date, together with total flight time
and/or flight cycles and/or landings, as appropriate, shall be entered in the 3.the time in service (hours, calendar time, cycles and landings) as appropriate,
aircraft logbooks. since last scheduled maintenance of the component subjected to a service
life limit, at least until the component scheduled maintenance has been
(d) The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall contain the current:
superseded by another scheduled maintenance of equivalent work scope
1. Status of airworthiness directives and measures mandated by the competent and detail;
authority in immediate reaction to a safety problem;
4. the current status of compliance with maintenance programme such that
2. Status of modifications and repairs; compliance with the approved aircraft maintenance programme can be
3. Status of compliance with maintenance programme; established, at least until the aircraft or component scheduled maintenance
has been superseded by other scheduled maintenance of equivalent work
4. Status of service life limited components;
scope and detail;
5. Mass and balance report;
5. the current status of airworthiness directives applicable to the aircraft and
6. List of deferred maintenance. components, at least 12 months after the aircraft or component has been
(e) In addition to the authorized release document, EASA Form 1 or FAA 81304 or permanently withdrawn from service;
TCA 240078 , the following information relevant to any component installed 5. details of current modifications and repairs to the aircraft, engine(s),
(engine, propeller, engine module or service life limited component) shall be propeller(s) and any other component vital to flight safety, at least 12
entered in the appropriate engine or propeller logbook, engine module or months after they have been permanently withdrawn from service.
service life limited component log card
M.A.306 Operator's technical log system M.A.702 Application
(a) In the case of commercial air transport, an operator shall use an aircraft An application for issue or change of a continuing airworthiness management
technical log system containing the following information for each aircraft: organisation approval shall be made on a form and in a manner established by the
1. Information about each flight, necessary to ensure continued flight safety, competent authority.
2. The current aircraft certificate of release to service, M.A.703 Extent of approval
3. the current maintenance statement giving the aircraft maintenance status (a) The approval is indicated on a certificate issued by the competent authority
of what scheduled and out of phase maintenance is next due except that (b) For commercial air transport, the approval shall be part of the air operator
the competent authority may agree to the maintenance statement being certificate issued by the competent authority, for the aircraft operated
kept elsewhere, (c) The scope of work deemed to constitute the approval shall be specified in the
continuing airworthiness management exposition
4. All outstanding deferred defects rectifications that affect the operation of
the aircraft, M.A.704 continuing airworthiness management exposition
5. Any necessary guidance instructions on maintenance support arrangements. (a) The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall provide a
continuing airworthiness management exposition containing the following
(b) The aircraft technical log system and any subsequent amendment shall be
information:
approved by the competent authority.
1. a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the
(c) An operator shall ensure that the aircraft technical log is retained for 36 months organisation will work in accordance with this Part and the exposition at all
after the date of the last entry. times,
SUBPART F MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION 2. the organisation's scope of work, and;
As discuss in chapter # 3 3. the title(s) and name(s) of person(s)

4. an organisation chart showing associated chains of responsibility between
SUB PART G Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation all the person(s)
M.A.701 Scope 5. a list of the airworthiness staff, specifying, where applicable, the staff
This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organisation to qualify authorized to issue permits to fly and;
for the issue or continuation of an approval for the management of aircraft 6. a general description and location of the facilities, and;
continuing airworthiness.
7. procedures specifying how the continuing airworthiness management
organisation ensures compliance with this Part, and;
8. the continuing airworthiness management exposition amendment

(a) at least five years’ experience in continuing airworthiness; and
procedures , and;
(b) The continuing airworthiness management exposition and its amendments (b) an appropriate license in compliance with Part66 or an aeronautical
shall be approved by the competent authority. degree or a national equivalent; and
(c) formal aeronautical maintenance training; and
M.A.706 Personnel requirements
(d) A position within the approved organization with appropriate
(a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager, who has corporate
responsibilities.
authority for ensuring that all continuing airworthiness management activities
2. For aircraft not used in commercial air transport of 2730 kg MTOM and
can be financed and carried out in accordance with this Part.
below, and balloons, these staff shall have acquired:
(b) For commercial air transport the accountable manager shall be the person who
(a) At least three years’ experience in continuing airworthiness, and
also has corporate authority for ensuring that all the operations of the operator
can be financed and carried out to the standard required for the issue of an air (b) An appropriate license in compliance with Part66 or an aeronautical
operator's certificate. degree or a national equivalent; and
(d) For commercial air transport, the accountable manager shall designate a (c) Appropriate aeronautical maintenance training; and
nominated post holder. This person shall be responsible for the management
(d) A position within the approved organisation with appropriate
and supervision of continuing airworthiness activities,
responsibilities;
(e) The nominated post holder nominated by the accountable Manager for the (b) Airworthiness review staff nominated by the approved continuing airworthiness
management & supervision on continuing airworthiness activities shall not be organisation can only be issued an authorisation by the approved continuing
employed by a Part145 approved organisation under contract to the operator, airworthiness organisation when formally accepted by the competent authority
unless specifically agreed by the competent authority. after satisfactory completion of an airworthiness review under supervision.
(c) The organisation shall ensure that aircraft airworthiness review staff can
M.A.707 Airworthiness review staff
demonstrate appropriate recent continuing airworthiness management
(a) To be approved to carry out airworthiness reviews and, if applicable, to issue experience.
permits to fly, an approved continuing airworthiness management
(d) Airworthiness review staff shall be identified by listing each person in the
organization shall have appropriate airworthiness review staff to issue
continuing airworthiness management exposition together with their
airworthiness review certificates or recommendations and, if applicable, to
airworthiness review authorisation reference.
issue a permit to fly
(e) The organisation shall maintain a record of all airworthiness review staff, which
1. For all aircraft used in commercial air transport, and aircraft above
shall include details of any appropriate qualification held together with a
2730 kg MTOM, except balloons, these staff shall have acquired:
summary of relevant continuing airworthiness management experience and 10. the aircraft complies with the latest revision of its type design approved by
training and a copy of the authorisation. This record shall be retained until the Agency; and
two years after the airworthiness review staff have left the organisation.
11. if required, the aircraft holds a noise certificate
M.A.710 Airworthiness review
(b) The airworthiness review staff of the approved continuing airworthiness
(a) To satisfy the requirement for the airworthiness review of an aircraft, a full
management organisation shall carry out a physical survey of the aircraft. For
documented review of the aircraft records shall be carried out by the approved
this survey, airworthiness review staff not appropriately qualified to Annex III
continuing airworthiness management organisation in order to be satisfied
(Part66) shall be assisted by such qualified personnel.
that:
(c) Through the physical survey of the aircraft, the airworthiness review staff shall
1. airframe, engine and propeller flying hours and associated flight cycles have
ensure that:
been properly recorded; and
1. all required markings and placards are properly installed;
2. the flight manual is applicable to the aircraft configuration and reflects the
2. the aircraft complies with its approved flight manual;
latest revision status; and
3. the aircraft configuration complies with the approved documentation;
3. all the maintenance due on the aircraft according to the approved
maintenance programme has been carried out; and 4. no evident defect can be found that has not been addressed;
4. all known defects have been corrected or, when applicable, carried forward 5. no inconsistencies can be found between the aircraft and the documented
in a controlled manner; and review of records.
5. all applicable airworthiness directives have been applied and properly (d) The airworthiness review can be anticipated by a maximum period of 90 days
registered; and without loss of continuity of the airworthiness review pattern, to allow the
6. all modifications and repairs applied to the aircraft have been registered physical review to take place during a maintenance check.
7. all service life limited components installed on the aircraft are properly (e) The airworthiness review certificate (EASA Form 15b) or the recommendation
identified, registered and have not exceeded their approved service life for the issue of the airworthiness review certificate (EASA Form 15a) can only
limit; and be issued:
8. all maintenance has been released in accordance with Annex I (PartM); and 1. by airworthiness review staff appropriately authorised on behalf of the
approved continuing airworthiness management organisation or by
9. the current mass and balance statement reflects the configuration of the
certifying staff and
aircraft and is valid; and
2. when satisfied that the airworthiness review has been completely carried 2. issue a recommendation for the airworthiness review to the competent
out and that there is no noncompliance which is known to endanger flight authority of the Member State of registry.
safety.
(c) A continuing airworthiness management organisation whose approval includes
(f) A copy of any airworthiness review certificate issued or extended for an aircraft the privileges, may additionally be approved to issue a permit to fly in
shall be sent to the Member State of Registry of that aircraft within 10 days. accordance for the particular aircraft for which the organisation is approved to
issue the airworthiness review certificate, when the continuing airworthiness
(g) Airworthiness review tasks shall not be subcontracted.
management organisation is attesting conformity with approved flight
(h) Should the outcome of the airworthiness review be inconclusive, the competent conditions, subject to an adequate approved procedure in the exposition
authority shall be informed as soon as practicable but in any case within 72
hours of the organisation identifying the condition to which the review relates. M.A.712 Quality system
(a) To ensure that the approved continuing airworthiness management
M.A.711 Privileges of the organisation
organisation continues to meet the requirements of this Subpart, it shall
(a) An approved Continuing Airworthiness Management Organisation may: establish a quality system and designate a quality manager to monitor
1. manage the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, except those involved in compliance with, and the adequacy of, procedures required to ensure
commercial air transport, as listed on the approval certificate; airworthy aircraft. Compliance monitoring shall include a feedback system to
2. manage the continuing airworthiness of commercial air transport aircraft the accountable manager to ensure corrective action as necessary.
when listed both on its approval certificate and on its Air Operator (b) The quality system shall monitor Part M Subpart G Approved Maintenance
Certificate (AOC); Organization activities. It shall at least include the following functions:
3. arrange to carry out limited continuing airworthiness tasks with any 1. monitoring that all Part M approved Maintenance Organization activities are
contracted organisation, working under its quality system, as listed on the being performed in accordance with the approved procedures, and;
approval certificate;
2. monitoring that all contracted maintenance is carried out in accordance with
4. extend, an airworthiness review certificate that has been issued by the the contract, and;
competent authority or by another approved continuing airworthiness
3. monitoring the continued compliance with the requirements of this Part.
management organisation
(c) The records of these activities shall be stored for at least two years.
(b) An approved continuing airworthiness management organisation registered in
one of the Member States may, additionally, be approved to carry out (d) Where the approved continuing airworthiness management organisation is
airworthiness reviews and: approved in accordance with another Part, the quality system may be
1. issue the related airworthiness review certificate and extend it in due time combined with that required by the other Part.
(e) In case of commercial air transport the M.A. Subpart G Approved Maintenance M.A.716 Findings
Organization quality system shall be an integrated part of the operator's quality (a) A level 1 finding is any significant noncompliance with Part M requirements
system. which lowers the safety standard and hazards seriously the flight safety.
M.A.713 Changes to the approved continuing airworthiness (b) A level 2 finding is any noncompliance with the Part M requirements which
Organisation could lower the safety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety.
In order to enable the competent authority to determine continued compliance (c) After receipt of notification of findings, the holder of the continuing
with this Part, the approved continuing airworthiness management organisation airworthiness management organisation approval shall define a corrective
shall notify it of any proposal to carry out any of the following changes, before such action plan and demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of the
changes take place: competent authority within a period agreed with this authority
1. the name of the organisation.
SUBPART H CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE — CRS
2. the location of the organisation. M.A.801 Aircraft certificate of release to service
3. additional locations of the organisation. (a) Except for aircraft released to service by a maintenance organisation approved
4. the accountable manager. in accordance with Annex II (Part145), the certificate of release to service shall
5. any of the persons specified in M A.706(c) Personal Requirement be issued according to this Subpart;
6. the facilities, procedures, work scope and staff that could affect the approval. In (b) No aircraft can be released to service unless a certificate of release to service is
the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to the management issued at the completion of any maintenance, when satisfied that all
beforehand, these changes shall be notified at the earliest opportunity. maintenance required has been properly carried out, by:
M.A.715 Continued validity of approval 1. appropriate certifying staff on behalf of the maintenance organisation
approved in accordance with Subpart F(Approved Maintenance Organization
(a) An approval shall be issued for an unlimited duration. It shall remain valid
for Aircraft of MTOM 2730kg or below) of this Annex (Part M); or
subject to:
1. the organisation remaining in compliance with this Part, in accordance with 2. by the Pilot owner
the provisions related to the handling of findings and; (f) A certificate of release to service shall contain as a minimum:
2. the competent authority being granted access to the organisation to
1. basic details of the maintenance carried out; and
determine continued compliance with this Part, and;
3. the approval not being surrendered or revoked. 2. the date such maintenance was completed; and
3. the identity of the organisation and/or person issuing the release to service, (i) continuously managed during the previous 12 months by a unique
including: continuing airworthiness management organisation approved in accordance
with Section A, Subpart G, of this Annex (Part M), and
(i) the approval reference of the maintenance organisation approved in
accordance with Section A, Subpart F of this Annex (Part M) and the (ii) which has been maintained for the previous 12 months by maintenance
certifying staff issuing such a certificate; or organisations approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart F of this Annex
(Part M), or with Annex II (Part 145). This includes maintenance tasks being
(ii) the identity and if applicable licence number of the certifying staff issuing
carried out and released to service
such a certificate;
4. the limitations to airworthiness or operations, if any. (h) Whenever circumstances reveal the existence of a potential safety threat, the
competent authority shall carry out the airworthiness review and issue the
M.A.802 Component certificate of release to service airworthiness review certificate itself;
(a) A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the completion of any M.A.902 Validity of the airworthiness review certificate
maintenance carried out on an aircraft component
(a) An airworthiness review certificate becomes invalid if:
(b) The authorized release certificate identified as EASA Form 1 constitutes the
component certificate of release to service, except when such 1. suspended or revoked; or
maintenance on aircraft components has been performed in which case 2. the airworthiness certificate is suspended or revoked;
the maintenance is subject to aircraft release procedures
3. the aircraft is not on the aircraft register of a Member State; or
SUBPART I Airworthiness Review Certificate 4. the type certificate under which the airworthiness certificate was issued is
M.A.901 Aircraft airworthiness review suspended or revoked.
To ensure the validity of the aircraft airworthiness certificate, an airworthiness (b) An aircraft must not fly, if the airworthiness certificate is invalid or if:
review of the aircraft and its continuing airworthiness records shall be carried out 1. the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft or any component fitted to the
periodically. aircraft does not meet the requirements of this Part; or
(a) An airworthiness review certificate is issued on EASA Form 15a or 15b on 2. the aircraft does not remain in conformity with the type design approved by
completion of a satisfactory airworthiness review. The airworthiness review the Agency; or
certificate is valid one year;
3. the aircraft has been operated beyond the limitations of the approved flight
(b) An aircraft in a controlled environment is an aircraft manual or the airworthiness certificate, without appropriate action being
taken; or
4. the aircraft has been involved in an accident or incident that affects the b) When the aircraft is leased, the responsibilities of the owner are transferred to
airworthiness of the aircraft, without subsequent appropriate action to the lessee if:
restore airworthiness; or
1. the lessee is stipulated on the registration document, or;
5. a modification or repair is not in compliance with the Annex (Part21) 2. detailed in the leasing contract. When reference is made in this ANO to the
(c) Upon surrender or revocation, the airworthiness review certificate shall be "owner", the term owner covers the owner or the lessee, as applicable.
returned to the competent authority
c) Any person or organisation performing maintenance shall be responsible for the
6.3 ANO Part M tasks performed.
SECTION A TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS d) Reserved
e) In order to satisfy the responsibilities of paragraph (a),
SUBPART A GENERAL
(i) The owner of an aircraft may contract the tasks associated with continuing
M.A.101 Scope airworthiness to a continuing airworthiness management organisation approved in
This ANO establishes the measures to be taken to ensure that airworthiness is accordance with Section A, Subpart G of this ANO-M. In this case, the continuing
maintained, including maintenance. It also specifies the conditions to be met by airworthiness management organisation assumes responsibility for the proper
the persons or organisations involved in such continuing airworthiness accomplishment of these tasks.
management. (ii) An owner who decides to manage the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft
SUBPART B Accountability under its own responsibility, without a contract in accordance with Appendix I, may
nevertheless make a limited contract with a continuing airworthiness management
ANO.M.A.201 Responsibilities organisation approved in accordance with Section A, Subpart G of this ANO-M, for
a) The owner is responsible for the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft and shall the development of the maintenance programme and its approval in accordance
ensure that no flight takes place unless: with point M.A.302. In that case, the limited contract transfers the responsibility
for the development and approval of the maintenance programme to the
1. the aircraft is maintained in an airworthy condition, and; contracted continuing airworthiness management organisation.
2. any operational and emergency equipment fitted is correctly installed and
serviceable or clearly identified as unserviceable, and; f) In the case of large aircraft, in order to satisfy the responsibilities of paragraph
3. the airworthiness certificate remains valid, and; (a) the owner of an aircraft shall ensure that the tasks associated with continuing
4. the maintenance of the aircraft is performed in accordance with the airworthiness are performed by an approved continuing airworthiness
approved maintenance programme as specified in M.A.302. management organisation. A written contract shall be made in accordance with
Appendix I. In this case, the continuing airworthiness management organisation 3. The accomplishment of all maintenance, in accordance with the M.A.302
assumes responsibility for the proper accomplishment of these tasks. approved aircraft maintenance programme;
g) Maintenance of large aircraft, aircraft used for commercial air transport and 4. For all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air transport the analysis of
components thereof shall be carried out by an ANO-145 approved maintenance the effectiveness of the M.A.302 approved maintenance programme;
organisation.
5. The accomplishment of any applicable:
h) In the case of commercial air transport the operator is responsible for the (i) Airworthiness directive,
continuing airworthiness of the aircraft it operates and shall: (ii) Operational directive with a continuing airworthiness impact,
(iii) continued airworthiness requirement established by PCAA,
1. be approved, as part of the air operator certificate issued by PCAA, pursuant to
(iv) Measures mandated by PCAA in immediate reaction to a safety problem;
M.A. Subpart G for the aircraft it operates; and
6. The accomplishment of modifications and repairs in accordance with M.A.304;
2. be approved in accordance with ANO-145 or contract such an organisation; and
7. For non-mandatory modifications and/or inspections, for all large aircraft or
3. ensure that paragraph (a) is satisfied.
aircraft used for commercial air transport the establishment of an embodiment
j) The owner/operator is responsible for granting PCAA access to the policy;
organisation/aircraft to determine continued compliance with this ANO.
8. Maintenance check flights when necessary.
SUBPART C Continuing Airworthiness
ANO.M.A.302 Aircraft Maintenance Programme
ANO.M.A.301 Continuing Airworthiness Tasks a) Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organised in accordance with an aircraft
The aircraft continuing airworthiness and the serviceability of both operational and maintenance programme.
emergency equipment shall be ensured by:
b) The aircraft maintenance programme and any subsequent amendments shall be
1. The accomplishment of pre-flight inspections; approved by PCAA.
2. The rectification in accordance with the data specified in point M.A.304 and/or c) Reserved
point M.A.401, as applicable, of any defect and damage affecting safe operation,
d) The aircraft maintenance programme must establish compliance with:
taking into account, for all large aircraft or aircraft used for commercial air
(i) instructions issued by PCAA;
transport, the minimum equipment list and configuration deviation list as
(ii) instructions for continuing airworthiness issued by the holders of the type
applicable to the aircraft type”;
certificate, restricted type-certificate, supplemental type-certificate, major repair
design approval, TSO authorisation or any other relevant approval issued under ANO.M.A.305 Aircraft Continuing Airworthiness Record System
ANO-21; a) At the completion of any maintenance, the certificate of release to service
(iii) additional or alternative instructions proposed by the owner or the continuing required by point M.A.801 or point 145.A.50 shall be entered in the aircraft
airworthiness management organisation once approved in accordance with point continuing airworthiness records. Each entry shall be made as soon as practicable
M.A.302, except for intervals of safety related tasks referred in paragraph (e), but in no case more than 30 days after the day of the maintenance action.
which may be escalated, subject to sufficient reviews carried out in accordance
with paragraph (g) and only when subject to direct approval in accordance with b) The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall consist of:
point M.A.302(b); 1. an aircraft logbook, engine logbook(s) or engine module log cards, propeller
e) The aircraft maintenance programme shall contain details, including frequency, logbook(s) and log cards, for any service life limited component as appropriate,
of all maintenance to be carried out, including any specific tasks linked to the type and,
and the specificity of operations. 2. when required in point M.A.306 for commercial air transport or by PCAA for
commercial operations other than commercial air transport, the operator's
f) For large aircraft, when the maintenance programme is based on maintenance technical log.
steering group logic or on condition monitoring, the aircraft maintenance
programme shall include a reliability programme. c) The aircraft type and registration mark, the date, together with total flight time
and/or flight cycles and/or landings, as appropriate, shall be entered in the aircraft
g) The aircraft maintenance programme shall be subject to periodic reviews and logbooks.
amended accordingly when necessary. These reviews will ensure that the
programme continues to be valid in light of the operating experience and d) The aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall contain the current:
instructions from PCAA whilst taking into account new and/or modified 1. Status of airworthiness directives and measures mandated by PCAA in
maintenance instructions promulgated by the type certificate and supplementary immediate reaction to a safety problem;
type certificate holders and any other organisation that publishes such data in 2. Status of modifications and repairs;
accordance with ANO-21 3. status of compliance with maintenance programme;
4. status of service life limited components;
ANO.M.A.303 Airworthiness Directives 5. mass and balance report;
Any applicable airworthiness directive must be carried out within the 6. list of deferred maintenance.
requirements of that airworthiness directive, unless otherwise specified by PCAA.
e) In addition to the authorised release document, Form 1 or equivalent, the
ANO.M.A.304 Data for Modifications and Repairs following information relevant to any component installed (engine, propeller,
Damage shall be assessed and modifications and repairs carried out using data engine module or service life-limited component) shall be entered in the
approved by PCAA in accordance with ANO-21. appropriate engine or propeller logbook, engine module or service life limited
component log card:
1. identification of the component, and; superseded by another scheduled maintenance of equivalent work scope and
2. the type, serial number and registration, as appropriate, of the aircraft, detail, and;
engine, propeller, engine module or service life-limited component to which 4. the current status of compliance with maintenance programme such that
the particular component has been fitted, along with the reference to the compliance with the approved aircraft maintenance programme can be
installation and removal of the component, and; established, at least until the aircraft or component scheduled maintenance
3. the date together with the component’s accumulated total flight time has been superseded by other scheduled maintenance of equivalent work
and/or flight cycles and/or landings and/or calendar time, as appropriate, and; scope and detail, and;
4. the current paragraph (d) information applicable to the component. 5. the current status of airworthiness directives applicable to the aircraft and
components, at least 12 months after the aircraft or component has been
f) The person responsible for the management of continuing airworthiness tasks permanently withdrawn from service, and;
pursuant to M.A. Subpart B, shall control the records as detailed in this paragraph 6. details of current modifications and repairs to the aircraft, engine(s),
and present the records to PCAA upon request. propeller(s) and any other component vital to flight safety, at least 12 months
after they have been permanently withdrawn from service.
g) All entries made in the aircraft continuing airworthiness records shall be clear
and accurate. When it is necessary to correct an entry, the correction shall be made ANO.M.A.306 Operator's Technical Log System
in a manner that clearly shows the original entry. a) In the case of commercial air transport, in addition to the requirements of
h) An owner or operator shall ensure that a system has been established to keep M.A.305, an operator shall use an aircraft technical log system containing the
the following records for the periods specified: following information for each aircraft:
1. information about each flight, necessary to ensure continued flight safety,
1. all detailed maintenance records in respect of the aircraft and any service and;
life limited component fitted thereto, until such time as the information 2. the current aircraft certificate of release to service, and;
contained therein is superseded by new information equivalent in scope and 3. the current maintenance statement giving the aircraft maintenance status
detail but not less than 36 months after the aircraft or component has been of what scheduled and out of phase maintenance is next due except that the
released to service, and; competent authority may agree to the maintenance statement being kept
2. the total time in service (hours, calendar time, cycles and landings) of the elsewhere, and;
aircraft and all service life-limited components, at least 12 months after the 4. all outstanding deferred defects rectifications that affect the operation of
aircraft or component has been permanently withdrawn from service, and; the aircraft, and;
3. the time in service (hours, calendar time, cycles and landings) as appropriate, 5. any necessary guidance instructions on maintenance support arrangements.
since last scheduled maintenance of the component subjected to a service life
limit, at least until the component scheduled maintenance has been b) The aircraft technical log system and any subsequent amendment shall be
approved by PCAA.
c) An operator shall ensure that the aircraft technical log is retained for 36 months 2. the organisation's scope of work, and;
after the date of the last entry. 3. the title(s) and name(s) of person(s) referred to in M.A.606(b), and;
4. an organisation chart showing associated chains of responsibility between the
SUBPART F Maintenance Organization
person(s) referred to in M.A.606(b), and;
ANO.M.A.601 Scope
5. a list of certifying staff with their scope of approval, and;
This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organisation to qualify
6. a list of locations where maintenance is carried out, together with a general
for the issue or continuation of an approval for the maintenance of aircraft and
description of the facilities,
components not listed in point M.A.201(g).
7. procedures specifying how the maintenance organisation ensures compliance
ANO.M.A.602
with this ANO, and;
Application
8. the maintenance organisation manual amendment procedure(s).
An application for issue or change of a maintenance organisation approval shall be
made on a form and in a manner established by PCAA. ANO.M.A.603 Extent of (b) The maintenance organisation manual and its amendments shall be approved
Approval by PCAA.
(a) An organisation involved in activities subject to this Subpart shall not exercise (c) Notwithstanding paragraph (b) minor amendments to the manual may be
its activities unless approved by PCAA. Appendix V to ANO-M provides the template approved through a procedure (hereinafter called indirect approval.
certificate for this approval.
ANO.M.A.605 Facilities
(b) The maintenance organisation's manual referred to in point M.A.604 shall
The organisation shall ensure that:
specify the scope of work deemed to constitute approval. Appendix IV to ANO-M
(a) Facilities are provided for all planned work, specialised workshops and bays
defines all classes and ratings possible under Subpart F.
are segregated as appropriate, to ensure protection from contamination and
(c) An approved maintenance organisation may fabricate, in conformity with
the environment.
maintenance data, a restricted range of parts for the use in the course of
(b) Office accommodation is provided for the management of all planned work
undergoing work within its own facilities, as identified in the maintenance
including in particular, the completion of maintenance records.
organisation manual.
(c) Secure storage facilities are provided for components, equipment, tools and
ANO.M.A.604 Maintenance Organisation Manual material. Storage conditions shall ensure segregation of unserviceable
components and material from all other components, material, equipment and
(a) The maintenance organisation shall provide a manual containing at least the
tools. Storage conditions shall be in accordance with the manufacturers'
following information:
instructions and access shall be restricted to authorised personnel.
1. a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the organisation
will continuously work in accordance with ANO-M and the manual at all times,
and;
ANO.M.A.606 Personnel Requirements that the organisation ensures that sufficient practical training has been
(a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager, who has corporate carried out to ensure that such person can accomplish the airworthiness
authority for ensuring that all maintenance required by the customer can be directive to the required standard;
financed and carried out to the standard required by this ANO. 2. In the case of aircraft operating away from a supported location the
(b) A person or group of persons shall be nominated with the responsibility of organisation may issue a limited certifying staff authorisation to the
ensuring that the organisation is always in compliance with this Subpart. Such aircraft commander on the basis of the flight crew licence, provided that
person(s) shall be ultimately responsible to the accountable manager. the organisation ensures that sufficient practical training has been carried
(c) All paragraph (b) persons shall be able to show relevant knowledge, out to ensure that such person can accomplish the task to the required
background and appropriate experience related to aircraft and/or component standard."
maintenance. SUBPART G - Continuing Airworthiness Management Organization
(d) The organisation shall have appropriate staff for the normal expected ANO.M.A.701
contracted work. The use of temporarily sub-contracted staff is permitted in Scope
the case of higher than normally expected contracted work and only for This Subpart establishes the requirements to be met by an organisation to qualify
personnel not issuing a certificate of release to service. for the issue or continuation of an approval for the management of aircraft
(e) The qualification of all personnel involved in maintenance shall be continuing airworthiness.
demonstrated and recorded. ANO.M.A.702
(f) Personnel who carry out specialised tasks such as welding, non-destructive Application
testing/inspection other than colour contrast shall be qualified in accordance An application for issue or change of a continuing airworthiness management
with an officially recognised standard. organisation approval shall be made on a form and in a manner established by
(g) The maintenance organisation shall have sufficient certifying staff to issue PCAA. ANO.M.A.703 Extent of Approval
M.A.612 and M.A.613 certificates of release to service for aircraft and (a) The approval is indicated on a certificate included in Appendix VI issued by
components. They shall comply with the requirements of ANO-66. PCAA.
(h) By derogation from paragraph (g), the organisation may use certifying staff (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), for commercial air transport, the approval shall
qualified in accordance with the following provisions when providing be part of the air operator certificate issued by PCAA, for the aircraft operated.
maintenance support to operators involved in commercial operations, subject (c) The scope of work deemed to constitute the approval shall be specified in the
to appropriate procedures to be approved as part of the organisation’s manual: continuing airworthiness management exposition in accordance with point
1. For a repetitive pre-flight airworthiness directive which specifically states M.A.704.
that the flight crew may carry out such airworthiness directive, the
organisation may issue a limited certifying staff authorisation to the
aircraft commander on the basis of the flight crew licence held, provided
ANO.M.A.704 Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition ANO.M.A.706 Personnel Requirements
(a) The continuing airworthiness management organisation shall provide a (a) The organisation shall appoint an accountable manager, who has corporate
continuing airworthiness management exposition containing the following authority for ensuring that all continuing airworthiness management activities can
information: be financed and carried out in accordance with this ANO.
1. a statement signed by the accountable manager to confirm that the organisation (b) For commercial air transport the paragraph (a) accountable manager shall be
will work in accordance with this ANO and the exposition at all times, and; the person who also has corporate authority for ensuring that all the operations of
2. the organisation's scope of work, and; the operator can be financed and carried out to the standard required for the issue
3. the title(s) and name(s) of person(s) referred to in points M.A.706(a), M.A.706(c), of an air operator's certificate.
M.A.706(d) and M.A.706(i); (c) A person or group of persons shall be nominated with the responsibility of
4. an organisation chart showing associated chains of responsibility between all the ensuring that the organisation is always in compliance with this Subpart. Such
person(s) referred to in points M.A.706(a), M.A.706(c), M.A.706(d) and M.A.706(i). person(s) shall be ultimately responsible to the accountable manager.
5. Reserved (d) For commercial air transport, the accountable manager shall designate a
6. a general description and location of the facilities, and; nominated post holder. This person shall be responsible for the management and
7. procedures specifying how the continuing airworthiness management supervision of continuing airworthiness activities, pursuant to paragraph (c).
organisation ensures compliance with this ANO, and; (e) The nominated post holder referred to in paragraph (d) shall not be employed
8. the continuing airworthiness management exposition amendment procedures. by a ANO- 145 approved organisation under contract to the operator, unless
9. The list of approved aircraft maintenance programmes, or, for aircraft not specifically agreed by PCAA.
involved in commercial air transport, the list of “generic” and “baseline” (f) The organisation shall have sufficient appropriately qualified staff for the
maintenance programmes. expected work.
(g) All paragraph (c) and (d) persons shall be able to show relevant knowledge,
(b) The continuing airworthiness management exposition and its amendments background and appropriate experience related to aircraft continuing
shall be approved by PCAA. airworthiness.
(c) Notwithstanding paragraph (h) The qualification of all personnel involved in continuing airworthiness
(b), minor amendments to the exposition may be approved indirectly through an management shall be recorded.
indirect approval procedure. The indirect approval procedure shall define the (i) Reserved
minor amendment eligible, be established by the continuing airworthiness (j) The organisation shall define and keep updated in the continuing airworthiness
management organisation as part of the exposition and be approved by PCAA management exposition the title(s) and name(s) of person(s) referred to in points
responsible for that continuing airworthiness management organisation. M.A.706(a), M.A.706(c), M.A.706(d) and M.A.706(i).
(k) For all large aircraft and for aircraft used for commercial air transport the
organisation shall establish and control the competence of personnel involved in
the continuing airworthiness management and/or quality audits in accordance (d) Where the approved continuing airworthiness management organisation is
with a procedure and to a standard agreed by PCAA. approved in accordance with another ANO, the quality system may be combined
with that required by the other ANO.
ANO.M.A.711
(e) In case of commercial air transport the M.A. Subpart G quality system shall be
Privileges of the Organisation
an integrated part of the operator's quality system.
(a) A continuing airworthiness management organisation approved in accordance (f) In the case of a small organisation not managing the continuing airworthiness of
with Section A, Subpart G of this ANO-M may: aircraft used in commercial air transport, the quality system may be replaced by
1. manage the continuing airworthiness of aircraft, except those involved in regular organisational reviews subject to the approval of PCAA. In the case where
commercial air transport, as listed on the approval certificate. there is no quality system, the organisation shall not contract continuing
2. manage the continuing airworthiness of commercial air transport aircraft when airworthiness management tasks to other parties.
listed both on its approval certificate and on its Air Operator Certificate (AOC);
3. arrange to carry out limited continuing airworthiness tasks with any sub- ANO.M.A.713 Changes to the Approved Continuing Airworthiness Organisation
contracted organisation, working under its quality system, as listed on the approval In order to enable PCAA to determine continued compliance with this ANO, the
certificate; approved continuing airworthiness management organisation shall notify it of any
ANO.M.A.712 proposal to carry out any of the following changes, before such changes take place:
Quality System 1. the name of the organisation.
(a) To ensure that the approved continuing airworthiness management 2. the location of the organisation.
organisation meets continuously the requirements of this Subpart, it shall establish 3. additional locations of the organisation.
a quality system and designate a quality manager to monitor compliance with, and 4. the accountable manager.
the adequacy of, procedures required to ensure airworthy aircraft. Compliance 5. any of the persons specified in M.A.706(c).
monitoring shall include a feedback system to the accountable manager to ensure 6. the facilities, procedures, work scope and staff that could affect the approval.
corrective action as necessary. In the case of proposed changes in personnel not known to the management
(b) The quality system shall monitor M.A. Subpart G activities. It shall at least beforehand, these changes shall be notified at the earliest opportunity.
include the following functions: ANO.M.A.715 Continued Validity of Approval
1. monitoring that all M.A. Subpart G activities are being performed in accordance (a) An approval shall be issued for a duration as mentioned in the applicable
with the approved procedures, and; National regulation. It shall remain valid subject to:
2. monitoring that all contracted maintenance is carried out in accordance with the 1. the organisation remaining in compliance with this ANO, in accordance with the
contract, and; provisions related to the handling of findings as specified under MNL.M.B.705 and;
3. monitoring the continued compliance with the requirements of this ANO. 2. PCAA being granted access to the organisation to determine continued
(c) The records of these activities shall be stored for at least two years. compliance with this ANO, and;
3. the approval not being surrendered or revoked. (d) By derogation from point M.A.801(b), in the case of unforeseen situations,
(b) Upon surrender or revocation, the approval certificate shall be returned to when an aircraft is grounded at a location where no approved maintenance
PCAA. organisation appropriately approved under ANO-M or ANO-145 and no
appropriate certifying staff are available, the owner may authorise any person,
ANO.M.A.716 Findings
with not less than three years of appropriate maintenance experience and holding
(a) A level 1 finding is any significant non-compliance with ANO-M requirements the proper qualifications, to maintain according to the standards set out in Subpart
which lowers the safety standard and hazards seriously the flight safety. D of ANO-M and release the aircraft. The owner shall in that case:
(b) A level 2 finding is any non-compliance with the ANO-M requirements which 1. obtain and keep in the aircraft records details of all the work carried out and of
could lower the safety standard and possibly hazard the flight safety. the qualifications held by that person issuing the certification; and
(c) After receipt of notification of findings according to MNL.M.B.705, the holder of 2. ensure that any such maintenance is rechecked and released by an appropriately
the continuing airworthiness management organisation approval shall define a authorised person referred to in point M.A.801(b) or an organisation approved
corrective action plan and demonstrate corrective action to the satisfaction of in accordance with Section A, Subpart F of ANO-M, or with ANO-145 at the
PCAA within a period agreed with this authority. earliest opportunity but within a period not exceeding seven days; and
SUBPART H CERTIFICATE OF RELEASE TO SERVICE – CRS 3. notify the organisation responsible for the continuing airworthiness
ANO.M.A.801 Aircraft Certificate of Release to Service management of the aircraft when contracted in accordance with point
(a) Except for aircraft released to service by a maintenance organisation approved M.A.201(e), or PCAA in the absence of such a contract, within seven days of
in accordance with ANO-145, the certificate of release to service shall be issued the issuance of such certification authorisation.
according to this Subpart; (e) In the case of a release to service in accordance with point M.A.801(b)2 or point
(b) No aircraft can be released to service unless a certificate of release to service is M.A.801(c), the certifying staff may be assisted in the execution of the
issued at the completion of any maintenance, when satisfied that all maintenance maintenance tasks by one or more persons subject to his/her direct and continuous
required has been properly carried out, by: control;
1. appropriate certifying staff on behalf of the maintenance organisation approved (f) A certificate of release to service shall contain as a minimum: 1. basic details of
in accordance with Section A, Subpart F of ANO-M; or the maintenance carried out; and 2. the date such maintenance was completed;
2. certifying staff in compliance with the requirements laid down in ANO-66 and 3. the identity of the organisation and/or person issuing the release to service,
(independent certifying staff), except for complex maintenance tasks listed in including:
Appendix VII to ANO-M for which point 1 applies; or (i) the approval reference of the maintenance organisation approved in accordance
3. by the Pilot-owner in compliance with point M.A.803; with Section A, Subpart F of ANO-M and the certifying staff issuing such a
(c) By derogation from point M.A.801(b)2 for LA1 aircraft not used in commercial certificate; or
air transport, aircraft complex maintenance tasks listed in Appendix VII may be
released by certifying staff referred to in point M.A.801(b)2;
(ii) in the case of point M.A.801(b)2 or M.A.801(c) certificate of release to service,

the identity and if applicable licence number of the certifying staff issuing such
a certificate;
(iii) the limitations to airworthiness or operations, if any.
(g) By derogation from paragraph (b) and notwithstanding the provisions of

paragraph (h), when the maintenance prescribed cannot be completed, a
certificate of release to service may be issued within the approved aircraft
limitations. Such fact together with any applicable limitations of the airworthiness
or the operations shall be entered in the aircraft certificate of release to service
before its issue as part of the information required in paragraph (f)4;
(h) A certificate of release to service shall not be issued in the case of any known
noncompliance which endangers flight safety.
ANO.M.A.802 Component Certificate of Release to Service

(a) A certificate of release to service shall be issued at the completion of any
maintenance carried out on an aircraft component in accordance with point
M.A.502.
(b) The authorised release certificate identified as Form 1 constitutes the

component certificate of release to service, except when such maintenance on
aircraft components has been performed in accordance with point M.A.502(b)
or point M.A.502(d), in which case the maintenance is subject to aircraft
release procedures in accordance with point M.A.801.
7 Applicable National and International Requirements For: new and/or modified maintenance instructions promulgated by the type
certificate and supplementary type certificate holders.
7.1 Aircraft Maintenance Program
11. Maintenance Program shall comprise of:
1. In accordance with Annex 6 (Operation of Aircraft), Part 1, Chapter 8.3 a. Scheduled Tasks
(Maintenance Programme), Operator shall provide, for the use & guidance Scheduled Tasks shall be performed respecting MPD at defined
of maintenance & operational personnel, a maintenance programme, threshold & repeat intervals. General Threshold quoted are:
approved by the state of Registry 1. Calendar life (Months, years, multiples, etc)
2. Flight cycles (FC)
2. Maintenance of each aircraft shall be organised in accordance with an
3. Flight Hours (FH)
aircraft maintenance programme. 4. Landings
3. Maintenance Program used by the organization, to maintain b. Unscheduled Tasks
aircraft/aircraft components, is developed from Maintenance Planning Unscheduled tasks are defined as the result from additional
Document (MPD) and MPD is provided by the aircraft type certificate requirements from the Authorities, manufacturers or customer
holder/aircraft manufacturer and duly approved by the authorities Such additional requirements, are:
4. The aircraft maintenance programme and any subsequent amendments 1. Airworthiness Directives/Service Bulletins/AOTs
shall be approved by the competent authority 2. Continuous follow up of acceptable/just deferred defects
3. Organization Bulletins/Orders requiring periodical check or
5. The aircraft maintenance programme must establish compliance with:
inspection
6. Instructions issued by the competent authority;
4. Maintenance reports
7. instructions for continuing airworthiness
5. Pilot Reported defects
8. The aircraft maintenance programme shall contain details, including
frequency, of all maintenance to be carried out, including any specific tasks 7.1.1 Maintenance Checks & Inspections
linked to the type and the specificity of operations. Maintenance Checks include:
9. For large aircraft, when the maintenance programme is based on  Line Checks (includes Transit and Layover Checks)
maintenance steering group logic or on condition monitoring, the aircraft  Routine Checks (includes Check ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’)
maintenance programme shall include a reliability programme.  Major Checks (includes Check MID – D, ‘D’)
10. The aircraft maintenance programme shall be subject to periodic reviews
and amended accordingly when necessary. These reviews shall ensure that
the programme continues to be valid in light of the operating experience
and instructions from the competent authority whilst taking into account
7.2 Airworthiness Directives 7.2.1.1 Applicability of Ads

7.2.1 General 1) An AD contains an applicability statement specifying the product to
1) The Airworthiness Directive (AD) is the medium for correction or any which it applies.
condition that causes the product to be out of conformity to the 2) It applies to the make and model set forth in this statement, regardless
Approved Design Standards. of the classification of the product or category of the Airworthiness
2) An AD identifies disparity, defines its particulars, and establishes Certificate issued for an aircraft.
limitations for inspection, repair or alteration under which the product 3) It applies to each product identified in the statement, regardless of
may continue to be operated. whether it has been modified, altered, or repaired in the subject areas.
3) They are issued by the National Aviation Authority from either the 4) The presence of any alteration or repair does not remove the product
manufacturer’s or the airline’s country. from applicability.
4) Airworthiness Directives effectively alter the original certification of the 5) Type Certificate and Airworthiness Certification information is used to
product. Thus, for example an AD against a Type Certificated product identify the product affected.
becomes a part of the Type Certificate.
6) Applicability may be defined by specifying serial numbers or
5) The Airworthiness Directives may also be raised due to change in manufacturer's line numbers, part numbers, or other identification.
aviation legislations e.g. mandating of TCAS and EGPWS.
7) When there is no reference to serial numbers, all serial numbers are
6) They are distributed affected.
a) telegraphically to owners and operators
7.2.1.2 Effective dates
b) Foreign Airworthiness Authorities
7) Generally the Airworthiness Directive is made up of several parts:  The effective date of the AD or an amendment is be found in the
a) AD title last sentence of the body of each AD. For example, "This amendment
becomes effective on July 10, 1995."
b) Applicability
c) Required compliance action  Similarly, the revision date for an emergency AD distributed by
d) Effective dates telegram or priority mail is the date it was issued. For example,
"Priority Letter AD 95-11-09, issued May 25, 1995, becomes effective
e) Compliance time
upon receipt."
 The "clock" tracking compliance starts with the effective date.
7.2.1.3 Compliance time information that may be useful in maintaining an aircraft or

1) Compliance with an AD is mandatory. component.
2) No person may operate' a product to which an AD applies, except in 3) On occasion, service bulletins are made mandatory and are
accordance with the conditions of the AD. incorporated into airworthiness directives to correct an unsafe
condition.
3) An airplane that has not had an effective AD accomplished within
specified limits is out of conformity and is thus not airworthy. 4) Service Bulletin are issued by manufacturers to specify a change or a
modification to their product
4) This is consistent with the definition of airworthiness discussed before.
5) Manufacturer's Service Bulletins are normally not related to
5) Compliance time is stated in various ways. Typical compliance airworthiness.
statements include; "Prior to further flight, inspect..."
6) Incorporation of them is, therefore, not mandatory.
6) "Compliance is required within the next 50 hours’ time in service after
the effective date of this AD..." 7) However, when a manufacturer's Service Bulletin is incorporated, by
reference, into the Airworthiness Directive accomplishment
7) 'Within the next 10 landings after the effective date of this AD... " instructions the bulletin becomes mandatory.
8) 'Within 50 cycles...” to which cycle refers to the complete aircraft / 8) Thus any change in the details of the bulletin constitutes alternative
components operating cycles. means of accomplishment. Changes, therefore, must be approved
9) "Within 12 months after the effective date of this AD..."
7.2.4 Manufacturers Service Information
10) No person may operate an affected product after expiration of the
 Manufacturer’s Service Information comes in the form of Service Letters
stated compliance time. In some instances, an AD may authorize
(Boeing) and Service Information Letters (Airbus)
operation after the compliance date has passed, if a special flight permit
is obtained. These are granted only when the AD specifically permits it.  They are used to provide
1. information related to in-service issues
7.2.3 Service Bulletin 2. Notification of upcoming changes to production of aircraft, including
1) One way manufacturers communicate with aircraft owners and the availability of a service bulletin or a supplier service bulletin for
operators is through service bulletins and service notes. fleet retrofit/modification
3. Trouble shooting suggestions
2) Service bulletins are issued to inform aircraft owners and technicians
4. Information related to new or preferred spares options
of possible design defects, modifications, servicing changes, or other
5. Information on General issues and policies
 Manufacturers Service Information do not in themselves authorize 7) For customer aircraft, when defect / damage is detected during
installation of parts or provide detailed procedures for modification, maintenance, customer / operator shall be informed through defect
rework, repair or inspection of an aeroplane report.
8) Repair shall then be carried out after review of Repair Order of customer.
 They serve as an information source & reference the appropriate
approved change items such as service bulletin or Engineering drawing. 9) Defects found shall be recorded on appropriate Technical Logbook /
Aircraft Repair Order (ARO) / Work card / Worksheet by Aircraft Engineer
7.3 Modifications & Repairs (production) concerned.
1) Modification is an alteration to an aircraft, its component units, introduced 10) Area involved shall be inspected thoroughly for hidden damage, including
subsequent to receipt and acceptance by the operator and designed to areas adjacent to obviously damaged parts.
increase safety, improved performance, meet changes in operating 11) Structure Repair & Modification group / Aircraft Engineer (production)
requirements and/or assure positive and substantial economic savings e.g. concerned shall perform assessment of structural damage / defect
8.33 kHz VHF communication modification mentioned in the ARO / Work card /Worksheet in accordance with relevant
maintenance data.
2) Sources of modifications are Type Certificate holders recommending
modifications through Service Bulletins (SB), Service Letters (SL), Air 12) Aircraft Engineer (production) concerned is responsible for definition of
Operators Telexes (AOT) and a modification initiated by the Organisation repair solution.
in form of Engineering Order (EO), etc. 13) Repair solution is either:
3) Repair and maintenance on aircraft / aircraft components shall be 1. Case I: Replacement of damaged parts in accordance with relevant
performed in accordance with aircraft and component maintenance data maintenance data
provided by the manufacturer and organisational procedures. 2. Case II: Repair solution already given in relevant maintenance data,
hence approved
4) Maintenance data shall be available in workshops and maintenance areas
3. Case III: Repair solution does not exist in the relevant maintenance
accessible to concerned personnel.
data for cases ‘I & II’, repair solution defined by AMM / SRM / CMM
5) Once defect has been logged, appropriate facilities, tools, equipment and shall be implemented as any other maintenance task.
maintenance data are then defined and prepared to perform work in
14) If Repair solution does not exist in relevant Maint. Data, Pertinent
conformity with approved repair data.
information and drawings of damaged area shall be sent to the Original
6) All repairs shall be carried out keeping in view of the approved scope of Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) along with proposed repair solution (if
work. any) and to the Competent Authority of aircraft registration. Manufacturer
(or organization appropriately approved to classify the repair) and the
Competent Authority of aircraft registration, shall classify repair as ‘Major’ 4. Maintenance information presented in these manuals is
or ‘Minor’. considered acceptable data by the PCAA, and may be approved data
for the purpose of major repairs and alterations
15) For minor repair, solution shall be implemented after endorsement of
manufacturer and approval of the Competent Authority of aircraft 7.4.2 Structural Repair Manual
registration. For repair of serious damage, structural repair manuals are used. These
manuals contain detailed information for repair of an aircraft's primary
16) For the repair solution classified as ‘Major’, solution shall be implemented
and secondary structure. The repairs described in a structural repair
only after obtaining repair design data from the Type Certificate holder / manual are developed by the manufacturer's engineering staff, and
Part – 21 Approved Organisation, approval from the Competent Authority thus are usually considered approved data by the PCAA.
of Type Certificate.
7.4.3 Illustrated Parts Catalogue
7.4 Maintenance Documentation Parts catalogues show the location and part numbers of items installed
The manuals are required as a part of Instructions for Continued on an aircraft. They contain detailed exploded views of all areas of an
Airworthiness requirement of the Type Certificates/Supplementary Type aircraft to assist the technician in locating parts. Approved parts are
Certificates of the aircraft. The Instructions for Continued Airworthiness controlled here provided it is current and not superseded by
will determine the required number of manuals required but the broad
mandatory instructions.
listing are as follows:
7.4.1 Maintenance Manual 7.4.4 Overhaul Manual
A manufacturer's maintenance manual is the primary reference tool Overhaul manuals contain information on the repair and rebuilding of
for the Licensed Aircraft Engineer working on aircraft. Airframe components that can be removed from an aircraft. These manuals
maintenance manuals generally cover an aircraft and all of the contain multiple illustrations showing how individual components are
equipment installed on it when it is in service. assembled as well as list individual part numbers
1. Power plant maintenance manuals, on the other hand, cover areas 7.4.5 Wiring Diagram Manual
of the engines that are not dealt with in the airframe manual. The majority of aircraft electrical systems and their components are
2. Maintenance manuals provide information on routine servicing, illustrated in individual wiring manuals. Wiring manuals contain
system descriptions and functions, handling procedures, and schematic diagrams to aid in electrical system troubleshooting.
component removal and installation. They also list part numbers and locations of electrical system
components.
3. In addition, these manuals contain basic repair procedures and
troubleshooting guides for common malfunctions.
7.5 Master minimum Equipment List 13) For approval, the prepared MEL and MMEL is submitted. The individual
6) Experiences have shown that with various levels of redundancy designed operator’s MEL when approved and authorized, permits operation of
into that aircraft, proper operation of every system or installed component subject aircraft type with inoperative equipment covered under MEL
may not be necessary when the remaining serviceable system or 14) MEL must not deviate from Airplane Flight Manual limitations,
serviceable components can provide an acceptable level of safety emergency procedures or with Airworthiness Directives. All items
7) MMEL is developed by the regulatory body of the country of related to airworthiness and not listed in MMEL must be operative
manufacturer/design of the subject aircraft, with participation of aviation 15) MEL is prepared with the objective i.e to permit operation with
industry expert personals to improve aircraft utilization and thereby inoperative items for a limited period of time until repairs can be
provide more convenient but still safe and economic air transportation accomplished
8) MMEL contains those items which the regulatory body of the 16) MEL is also called ADL i.e Allowable Deficiency List
manufacturer’s country finds may be inoperative and yet maintain an
7.5.1.1 Mel Repair Interval
acceptable level of safety under appropriate conditions and limitations
 As the MEL is not intended to provide for continued operation of an
9) MMEL does not contain obviously required items such as wings, flaps and
aircraft for an unlimited period of time. Repairs should be made as
rudder
soon as possible within the time limit imposed by Rectification
10) MMEL establishes limitations on the duration of, and conditions for Intervals.
operation with inoperative equipment.
 Rectification Intervals (A, B, C, and D) have been introduced in
7.5.1 Minimum Equipment List accordance with definitions of MMEL/MEL
9) The provision to fly an aircraft even if few of its components are Category A. Items in this category must be repaired within the interval
unserviceable stated in the operator's approved MEL.
10) MEL is prepared by the operator and is based on the MMEL of Category B. Items in this category must be repaired within 3
respective aircraft consecutive calendar days (72 hours), excluding the day the
11) MEL is more restrictive than MMEL. malfunction was recorded in the maintenance record (logbook).
12) In PIA, MEL is prepared by Operations Engineering of Flight Operations Category C. Items in this category must be repaired within 10
Department and is approved by Chief Flight Inspector, Flight Standard consecutive calendar days (240 hours), excluding the day the
Directorate, CFI PCAA malfunction was recorded in the maintenance record (logbook).
Category D. Items in this category are those which are in excess of 7.5.2.1 Configuration Deviation List
regulatory requirements. They include items that may be installed, 4) During the course of operation, certain secondary airframe or engine
deactivated, or removed at the discretion of the operator. They parts may be missing from the aircraft. Normally these will be access
may be added to the operator's MEL but are not required by the doors, fairings and non-structural parts.
MMEL or are required only for a given type of operation. These 5) Absence of these parts does not adversely affect the basic aircraft
must be repaired within 45 consecutive calendar days, excluding handling and performance. As such they are not considered as
the day the malfunction was recorded in the maintenance record airworthiness items
(logbook). 6) Configuration Deviation List (CDL) is a means of releasing the aircraft
Dispatch of the aircraft is not allowed after expiry of the Rectification with items missing from aircraft standard design configuration.
Interval specified in the MEL unless the Rectification Interval is extended Determination of items is done during type certification itself i.e. they
in accordance with the following: have been flight tested during certification. The CDL is a part of the
A onetime extension of the applicable Rectification Interval B, C, or D, may Approved Aircraft Manual.
be permitted for the same duration as that specified in the MEL provided: 7.5.2.2 Ferry
3. A description of specific duties and responsibilities for controlling
1) It contains information for a ferry flight for repairs to main base
extensions is established by the operator, and
2) Revenue operation is not allowed with ferry configuration
4. The Authority is notified within 10 days of any extension authorized
3) DEFERRED MAINTENANCE
7.5.2 Dispatch Deviation List/DDPG
DDPG is published by aircraft manufacturer, so as to assist airline
operations and maintenance organizations in developing the procedures
required to operate the aircraft in various nonstandard configurations
allowed by the Federal Aviation Authority, MMEL and airplane flight
manual.
DDPG consists of five sections:
1) Introduction
2) Master Minimum Equipment List
3) Configuration Deviation List
4) Ferry
5) Miscellaneous
7.6 Continuing Airworthiness 7.7 ETOPS

All of the processes ensuring that, at any time in its operating life, the aircraft 1) ETOPS is an acronym for Extended range Twin Operations as re-defined
complies with the airworthiness requirements in force and is in a condition by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in 2007.
for safe operation
2) This rule allows twin-engine airliners (such as the Airbus A300, A310,
7.6.1 Test Flight A320, A330 and A350, the Boeing 737, 757, 767, 777, 787, the Embraer
E-Jets, and the ATR 72) to fly long-distance routes that were previously
A test flight is required in the following cases:
off-limits to twin-engine aircraft.
 Specific Requirements
3) There are different levels of ETOPS certification, each allowing aircraft
1. Aircraft grounded for more than specific number of days
2. More than 50% of the power sources changed (three out of four to fly on routes that are a certain amount of single-engine flying time
Engines replaced) away from the nearest suitable airport.
3. Following a Check D 4) For example, if an aircraft is certified for 180 minutes, it is permitted
4. Flight control surfaces replaced
to fly any route not more than 180 minutes single engine flying time to
5. Wings and central section replaced
6. Major repair subsequent to damage the nearest suitable airport.
7. Performance evaluation 5) ETOPS operation has no direct correlation to water or distance over
8. Quality control requirements water.
9. PCAA requirements
6) It refers to flight times between diversion airfields, regardless as to
10. If AME requires
whether such fields are separated by water or land.
7) Prior to 2007, FAA defined ETOPS as "Extended Range Operations with
two-engine airplanes" and applied to twins only.
8) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standard and
Recommended Practice (SARP) applies only to twins and defines ETOPS
as "Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards".
9) ETOPS applies to twins on routes with diversion time more than 60
minutes at one engine inoperative speed. For rules that also cover
more than two engines, as in the case of the FAA, ETOPS applies on
routes with diversion time more than 180 minutes for airplanes with
more than two engines.
10) Until the mid-1980s, the term EROPS (extended range operations) was accordance with the procedures described in the maintenance manual
used before being superseded by ETOPS usage. and the maintenance organizations procedures manual.
11) In 1997, when Boeing proposed to extend ETOPS authority for twins to 3) The authorized person also ensure that the tasks performed within the
beyond 180 minutes, Airbus proposed to replace ETOPS by a newer time period specified by manufacturer of the aircraft or within such
system, referred to as LROPS or Long Range Operational Performance extended period as may be authorized by the Airworthiness
Standards, which would affect all civil airliners, not just those with a Directorate.
twin-engine configuration with more than 180 minutes ETOPS.
4) an aircraft registered in Pakistan must be maintained in accordance
12) According to the FAA in 2007, "Several commenters … recommended with the certification basis i.e., the aircraft design standards accepted
use of the acronym "LROPS"—meaning 'Long Range Operations'—for by DGCAA
three- and four-engine ETOPS, to avoid confusion, particularly for
5) All operators of aircraft and helicopters shall develop a program for
those operations beyond 180-minutes diversion time. The FAA has
monitoring and assessing maintenance and operational experience
decided to use the single term, 'extended operations,' or ETOPS, for all
with respect to continuing airworthiness.
affected operations regardless of the number of engines on the
airplane. 6) The monitoring program / methodology shall be defined in their
company exposition manual. The significant experiences remedial
13) Government-owned aircraft (including military) do not have to adhere
actions shall be incorporated in the approved maintenance
to ETOPS regulations. programme and such experience shall also be communicated to Type
14) A non-ETOPS flight will be constrained by the shaded 60 min flight-time Certificate / Certificate of Type Approval holder.
circles. A 120 min ETOPS flight-time circles would permit a direct
7) Where applicable, maintenance programme shall also include the
routing
inspections related to ageing of aircraft such as Structural Integrity
7.7.1 Maintenance and Dispatch Requirements Program and/or ageing of electrical wires.
1) In accordance with Rule 27 of Civil Aviation Rules 1994, an aircraft 8) Where applicable, the aircraft shall be subjected to an approved
registered in Pakistan shall not fly unless the aircraft, its engine, reliability programme and ETOPS.
equipment and radios are maintained as per maintenance programme 9) The maintenance shall be carried out by licensed aircraft maintenance
approved by the Airworthiness Directorate of Civil Aviation Authority. engineers or approved organizations or persons authorized by the
PCAA.
2) A maintenance release shall be completed and signed by personnel
10) Furthermore, the aircraft shall be flown within the limitations
authorized by the Airworthiness Directorate, certifying that the
prescribed in the Flight Manual and Operations Manual or equivalent
maintenance work performed has been completed satisfactorily in documents of the aircraft.
11) All defects, which affect safety of the aircraft shall be investigated and 7.8 All Weather Operations, Category 2/3 operations & minimum
rectified before the aircraft flies. The permissible defects may be Equipment Requirements
carried forward as per approved MEL.
The term All Weather Operations is used to describe aircraft operations under
12) In case of any modification, the State who has issued approval to the all runaway visibility conditions with regards to takeoff, landing and taxi.
specific modification shall be responsible for maintaining the
continuing airworthiness and will be declared as the State of Design for  The special emphasis is on poor visibility conditions.
that specific modification. If required, all recommended inspections  The regulation covering this is EASA -AWO (All Weather Operations).
associated with modification shall be included in the maintenance
 The EASA-AWO is made of:
programme.
1. Category 1 (Cat I)
13) If the STC has been incorporated on the aircraft or its component, the
2. Category 2 (Cat II)
State who has issued approval to the specific STC shall be responsible
3. Category 3 (Cat III)
for maintaining the continuing airworthiness and will be declared as
4. Low Visibility Take off (LV TO)
the State of Design for that specific STC. If required, all recommended
5. Low Visibility Taxi (LV TAXI)
inspections associated with STC shall be included in the maintenance
program  The objective of Cat II/Cat III operations is to provide a level of safety, when
landing in conditions of low visibility conditions equivalent to that in
normal operating conditions
 Cat I refers to good visibility (normal operating conditions).
 Cat II/Cat III constitutes the main part of All Weather Operations (AWO)
7.8.1 DECISION HEIGHT

To understand the concept of Cat II/Cat III operations, it is important to
understand the concept of DH. DH is the wheel height above the runway
elevation by which a go around must be initiated unless adequate visual
reference has been established & the aircraft position and approach path
has been assessed satisfactory to continue the approach & landing in
safety DH is measured by means of Radio Altimeter
7.8.2 RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE
Another term encountered is the Runway Visual Range (RVR). It is the
range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the center line of the runway
can see the runway center markings or the lines delineating the runway
Cat IIIB A category III B approach is a precision approach and landing
or identifying the center line
with no decision height or a decision height lower than 50ft (15m) and a
7.8.3 CATEGORY II (CAT II) runway visual range less than 700ft (200m), but not less than 150ft (50m).
Category II approach is a precision approach & landing with decision height Cat IIIC A category III C approach is a precision approach and landing with
lower than 60 m (200 ft.), but not less than 30m (100ft) & an RVR of not no decision height and no runway visual range limitation. CAT III C operations
less than 350 m (1200 ft.) The main objective of Cat II operations is to are not currently authorized by Airworthiness Authorities
provide a level of safety equivalent to other operations, but in more
adverse weather conditions & lower visibility Cat II weather minima allow
sufficient visual references at DH, to permit a manual landing or a missed
approach to be executed
7.8.4 CATEGORY III (CAT III)

Main difference between CAT II/ CAT III operations is that CAT II provides
sufficient visual reference to permit a manual landing at DH, whereas CAT
III does not provide sufficient visual reference & requires an automatic
landing system
CAT III is divided into three subsystems:
 CAT IIIA
 CAT IIIB
 CAT IIIC
All these three subsystems are associated with three minima levels. Cat
IIIA is associated with highest minima and Cat IIIC associated with
lowest minima.
An automatic landing system is mandatory to perform Cat III operations.
Its reliability must be sufficient to control the aircraft to touchdown in
Cat IIIA operations & through rollout and taxi phase in Cat IIIB
operations
Cat IIIA A category III A approach is a precision instrument approach and
landing with no decision height or a decision height lower than 100ft (30m) and
a runway visual range not less than 700 ft (200 m)

Aviation Legislation (AV - LEG)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Aviation Legislation (AV - LEG)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

AVIATION LEGISLATION

ANO Part M SUBPART F MAINTENANCE ORGANISATION ................................. 76

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb. 2018 REV: 00 Page i

7.1 Aircraft Maintenance Program ............................................................ 125

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page ii

HISTORY OF AIRPLANES Rules and regulations

HISTORY of AVIATION LEGISLATION

Need for Aviation Legislation

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 1 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 2 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 3 of 135

2) State members of the International Civil Aviation Organization The Assembly

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 4 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 5 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 6 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 7 of 135

1) Be a world-class service provider in the aviation industry.

1.3.2 Functions of PCAA

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 8 of 135

1.3.3 Organ gram of Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 9 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 10 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 11 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 12 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 13 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 14 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 15 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 16 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 17 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 18 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 19 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 20 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 21 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 22 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 23 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 24 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 25 of 135

(a) To an aircraft registered in Pakistan; or 271. Notification of an incident.-

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 26 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 27 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 28 of 135

1.5.6 PCAA Policy Letters

1.6 THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY

1) EASA is an agency of the European Union (EU) with offices in Cologne,

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 29 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 30 of 135

1.6.4 Rule Making Regulation Structure

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 31 of 135

1.6.5 EASA Basic Regulation: (EC) No 216/2008

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 32 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 33 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 34 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 35 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 36 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 37 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 38 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 39 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 40 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 41 of 135

5) The applicant should be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 42 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 43 of 135

DOC NO: STC/AV-TN/01 DATE: Feb 2018 REV: 00 Page 44 of 135