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OPERATIONS MANUAL
Table of Contents
A320 Family
OPERATIONS MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents .............................................................................................2
Record of Amendments ...................................................................................7
1 General .......................................................................................................9
1.1 Air Operator Certificates ..........................................................................9
1.2 Charts ......................................................................................................9
1.3 AIRAC ......................................................................................................9
1.4 Operational Flight Plan ..........................................................................10
1.4.1 OFP Format Description.................................................................11
1.4.1.1 Summary and Fuel ....................................................................11
1.4.1.1.1 Header .................................................................................12
1.4.1.1.2 Weights, Times, FMGS .......................................................13
1.4.1.1.3 Remarks and Route.............................................................15
1.4.1.1.4 Fuel Plan and Adjustments .................................................16
1.4.1.2 Flight Log ...................................................................................18
1.4.1.3 Airport Data ...............................................................................20
1.4.1.4 Wind Information .......................................................................22
1.4.2 Fuel Policy ......................................................................................24
2 Limitations ...............................................................................................25
2.1 Weights ..................................................................................................25
2.2 Speeds ..................................................................................................26
2.3 Wind ......................................................................................................26
2.3.1 Takeoff and Manual Landing ..........................................................26
2.3.2 Autoland .........................................................................................27
2.4 Autopilot .................................................................................................28
2.4.1 Use of Autopilot ..............................................................................28
2.4.2 Automatic Approach, Landing and Rollout .....................................30
2.5 Airport ....................................................................................................30
2.6 Anti-ice ...................................................................................................31
3 Standard Operating Procedures ............................................................32
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................32
3.1.1 Roles ..............................................................................................32
3.1.2 Normal Checklist ............................................................................32
3.1.3 Noise Abatement ............................................................................34
RECORD OF AMENDMENTS
Section - Page Description of
Revision Effective date
number change
Rev 1 ALL Format change 01-Dec-22
New SOPs
(Reserved)
1 GENERAL
1.1 AIR OPERATOR CERTIFICATES
We reproduce the three different AOCs. Each has its own bases and ATC
callsign.
The bookable city pairs in vAMSYs reflect those ; however, two AOCs may
operate the same route. Refer to the table below.
1.2 CHARTS
Charts – especially when flying on an online network – are highly recommended.
It is however the virtual pilot’s responsibility to acquire them.
1.3 AIRAC
The use of the latest AIRAC (updated each month) is strongly recommended,
especially in addition to the monthly updated company routes and when flying
on an online network, but is not mandatory. It is as well the virtual pilot’s
responsibility to acquire them.
To make full use of the OFP, the virtual pilot must fully understand all the
information it provides. Refer to 1.4.1 OFP Format Description below.
1.4.1.1.1 Header
1 TAXI – Taxi fuel and time all engines taxi fuel flow. No leading zeroes,
calculated to nearest kilo.
2 TRIP – Trip fuel and time to fly from Departure to Destination as using
the planned Cost Index or Fixed Mach, lateral route and vertical flight
profile, including PERF FACTOR correction. No leading zeroes,
calculated to nearest kilo. Time in format H.MM.
3 CONT – Contingency fuel and time.
4 ALTN – Alternate fuel and time to complete a missed approach at the
Destination Airport and fly to the Alternate Airport using CI0, the lateral
route and vertical flight profile. No leading zeroes, calculated to nearest
kilo. Time in format H.MM.
5 FINRES – Final reserve fuel based on, holding fuel flow at 1,500 ft.
ASL, ISA and planned landing weight at the Alternate airport. No
leading zeroes, calculated to nearest kilo. Time in format H.MM.
6 ADDNL – Additional fuel. No leading zeroes, calculated to nearest kilo.
Time in format H.MM. In an attempt to mitigate ECAM low fuel warning
messages, LIDO is programmed to show minimum fuel over
destination of 1500 kg. ADDNL fuel may be displayed for this reason.
7 TOTAL – Total Fuel and time. No leading zeroes, calculated to nearest
kilo.
1 OAT and spot winds for climb: 10,000 ft, 15,000 ft, FL200, FL310, and
FL350.
2 Cruise waypoints.
Shear rate.
Vertical windshear value in metres per second per thousand feet at the
current POSITION. The SR value is determined by quantifying the
difference in wind speed and direction for the wind 2000 feet above
and 2000 feet below the planned altitude at the current POSITION
using the Singapore Airlines vertical windshear algorithm.
Note: SR is to be used as an indicator of the potential for Clear Air
Turbulence (CAT) only. The higher the SR value the greater the
difference in wind speed and direction between the two
altitudes. No studies have been carried out to validate the
relationship between SR values and the probability and severity
of CAT. This information is to be used as guidance only and
must be correlated with other available information such as
SIGMETS and SIG WX Charts.
Tankering Fuel
It is advised to carry tankering when it is profitable. A vast majority of the flights
are performed without tankering fuel on board.
There are limits to the fuel that can be uplifted. Refer to 2.1 Weights.
2 LIMITATIONS
2.1 WEIGHTS
REGULATED WEIGHTS
Each airframe has a different DOW.
For the A319 and A320 CEO, three RTOW categories are possible. Refer to the
table below.
DISPATCH
Tankering fuel limit .............................................................. MTOW/MLW -1%*
*Whichever comes first.
TAXI WEIGHT
Maximum taxi weight ............................................................... MTOW + 400kg
2.2 SPEEDS
TAXI SPEED
Maximum speed in a straight line .............................................................30 kt
Maximum speed in a 90° turn ....................................................................10 kt
For more than 90° turns speed should be adapted, taking into account turn
radius and angle of turn.
Maximum speed entering a RET ............................ Check aerodrome charts
2.3 WIND
2.3.1 Takeoff and Manual Landing
CROSSWIND
TAILWIND
Maximum tailwind for takeoff ....................................................................15 kt
Maximum tailwind for landing ...................................................................15 kt
For landing with a tailwind greater than 10kt, use FLAPS FULL only.
2.3.2 Autoland
CAT II/CAT III AUTOLAND
Applicable to: A319, A320, A20N
Maximum headwind ...................................................................................30 kt
Maximum tailwind ......................................................................................10 kt
Maximum crosswind ................................................................................ 20 kt*
*A20N: 15kt with One Engine Inoperative.
2.4 AUTOPILOT
2.4.1 Use of Autopilot
APPROACH STRATEGY
2.5 AIRPORT
RUNWAY SLOPE
Runway slope ..............................................................................................±2%
RUNWAY ALTITUDE
Maximum runway altitude ..................................................................... 9200 ft
RUNWAY WIDTH
Minimum runway width..............................................................................30 m
2.6 ANTI-ICE
Icing Conditions
Icing conditions exist when the OAT (on ground or after takeoff) or the TAT (in
flight) is at or below 10°C and visible moisture in any form is present (such as
clouds, fog with visibility of one nautical mile or less, rain, snow, sleet or ice
crystals).
Use of Anti-Ice
Engine anti-ice must be used when icing conditions exist or are anticipated,
except during climb and cruise when the SAT is below -40°C.
Wing anti-ice may be used to prevent ice accretion on the wing leading edge or
if there is evidence of ice accretion, such as ice on the visual indicator, or on the
wipers, to remove any ice accumulation from the wing leading edge.
If the wing anti-ice pb-sw is pushed on the ground, a 30-second self-test of the
wing anti-ice system is initiated. If left on, the valves will open automatically once
airborne.
At the end of each procedure, a table depicting each virtual pilot’s actions is
available.
The virtual flight crew must perform the actions before calling the checklists. It
is NOT a “to do” list. The purpose is to verify the actions have been completed
correctly. If something has been done incorrectly, the virtual flight crew must
correct the configuration before answering.
For the checklist items identified with “AS RQRD” or “__”, the response should
quote the actual configuration or parameter.
The PM will announce the completion of the checklist by saying the name of the
checklist and its status.
NADP2
NADP1
Thrust Settings
To minimise wear on the engines and limit noise, every takeoff should be
performed with a FLEX setting*.
If the performance app returns an error with the standard flaps setting, then the
virtual flight crew shall increase the flaps by increments of one and recalculate
until the app allows the takeoff. If none of the flaps settings work with FLEX, then
the virtual flight crew shall force the calculation to TOGA with the closest flaps
setting possible to the standard flaps setting for the variant used.
A319/A320/A20N:
If the forecasted tailwind at landing is greater than 10 kt, CONF FULL shall be
used for landing.
CONF 3 landings also reduce noise on the approach and save fuel. It should be
considered for this purpose provided:
Care is exercised to achieve a stable approach
No technical defects affecting landing performance
No runway contamination
A21N:
CONF FULL is preferred for normal operations.
CONF 3 landings shall not be performed for the purpose of fuel saving.
CAUTION: CONF 3 landing increases tail strike risk.
3.1.6 Callouts
3.1.6.1 FMA
PF should call all FMA changes as below:
The PM should check and respond “CHECKED” to all FMA changes called out
by the PF.
The PM shall call FMA change when unnoticed by PF. In this case PF shall
check and respond “CHECKED”.
3.1.6.2 Altitude
The PM calls out “ONE THOUSAND TO GO” when passing 1000 ft before the
cleared altitude or FL and the PF calls out “CHECKED”:
When PF sets the FCU altitude below the relevant Safety Altitude and
announces the altitude set from the FMA, PM responds with “CHECKED,
BELOW SAFETY ALTITUDE”.
Virtual flight crew will ascertain and brief the relevant Safety Altitude dependent
on their expected departure or arrival routing.
“SPEED” if the speed decreases below the speed target -5 kt or increases above
the speed target +10 kt.
“SINK RATE” when V/S is greater than -1000 ft/min.
“BANK” when bank angle becomes greater than 7°.
“PITCH” when pitch attitude becomes lower than -2.5° or higher than
+10°(A319/A320/A20N)/+7.5° (A21N).
“LOC” or “GLIDE” when either localizer or glide slope deviation is 1/2 dot for
LOC or GS.
“CROSSTRACK” when greater than 0.1nm deviation from inbound track in
FINAL APP mode.
“V-DEV” when greater than half dot deviation from approach path in FINAL APP
mode.
“COURSE” when greater than 1/2 dot (VOR) or 5 degrees (ADF).
“__FT HIGH/LOW” at altitude checks points.
RNP AR APPROACH
“LAT-DEV” when L/DEV reaches ½ dot
“VDEV” when ½ dot deviation above or below path
“SINK RATE” when the descent rate exceeds 1000 ft/min
“BANK” when the bank angle goes above 30°.
LANDING
During landing, the PM announces:
“PITCH PITCH”, if the pitch attitude approaches the tail strike pitch limit indicator
or reaches +10° (A319/A320)/+7.5° (A321).
“BANK BANK”, if the bank angle reaches 7°.
GO AROUND
During a go-around, the PM announces:
“BANK”: If the bank angle becomes greater than 7°,
“PITCH”: If the pitch attitude becomes greater than 20° up or less than 10° up,
“SINK RATE”: If there is no climb rate.
*Actual weather for destination and alternate airports in case of a short flight
3.2.2 NOTAMs
If the virtual flight crew wants to follow real-life NOTAMs (to simulate
unserviceable navaids, runway closed…) they may check the relevant section
of the OFP.
Those are sometimes reproduced by online networks. Check the relevant ATIS
and/or controller’s description.
• After 20 min:
BAT 1 and BAT 2 pb ................................................................OFF
BAT 1 and BAT 2 VOLTAGE ..................... CHECK ABOVE 25.5V
If VOLTAGE is at or above 25.5V, resume normal procedures.
ADIRS
All IR MODE selectors ................................................................................ NAV
APU START
The APU start should comply with local aerodrome restrictions and should be
delayed until before ENG start, unless EXT PWR is not available.
APU MASTER SW pb ................................................................................... ON
• After at least 3 s:
APU START pb.................................................................................... ON
EXT PWR pb ................................................................................... ON if AVAIL
To reduce the APU load, the virtual flight crew should keep the EXT PWR ON.
AIR CONDITIONING
X BLEED selector .....................................................................................AUTO
PACKS 1 + 2 .................................................................................................OFF
• At least 1 min after APU AVAIL light:
APU BLEED pb ........................................................................ AS RQRD
If needed, switch the APU BLEED pb ON.
• If applicable, at least 1 min after APU BLEED pb ON:
PACKS 1 + 2 ............................................................................. AS RQRD
In hot weather conditions, PACKs may be needed to achieve comfortable
cabin temperatures.
ZONE TEMPERATURE selectors ..................................................... AS RQRD
Temperature range: 18-30°C.
COCKPIT LIGHTS
ANN LT selector ........................................................................................... ON
Verify that all annunciator lights illuminate.
ANN LT selector ......................................................................................... BRT
Verify that all the relevant lights extinguish.
DIM position may be used in order not to be blinded by the annunciator lights.
DISPLAYS
UPPER and LOWER ECAM knobs .................. SET BRIGHTNESS AS RQRD
Displays are needed for tests.
PFD and ND brightness knob........................................................... AS RQRD
DCDUs brightness............................................................................ AS RQRD
MCDUs brightness ........................................................................... AS RQRD
AIRCRAFT ACCEPTANCE
RCL pb ................................................................PRESS and MAINTAIN for 3s
Obtain destination and alternate airport weather (METAR or TAF) needed for
the LANDING PERFORMANCE computations.
PF PM
PRELIMINARY PERFORMANCE DETERMINATION
AIRPORT/WXR DATA ........ OBTAIN
RTOW .............................. COMPUTE RTOW .............................. COMPUTE
RLDW ............ COMPUTE AS RQRD RLDW ............ COMPUTE AS RQRD
EXTERIOR
WALKAROUND .............. PERFORM
PEDESTAL
SWITCHING PANEL selectors ............................................. CHECK all NORM
RMP.................................................................................................. CHECK ON
Green NAV light ............................................................................. CHECK OFF
Green VHF1 light ............................................................................ CHECK ON
Otherwise, select VHF1.
COM FREQUENCIES .............................................................. TUNE AS RQRD
Tune VHF1 to UNICOM (122.800) or to the applicable local ATC station, if
online. The STBY/CRS frequency may be tuned to the next expected station.
Tune VHF2 as required (standard “guard” frequency is 121.500). VHF3 is
normally set to ACARS.
VHF1 VOLUME/RECEPTION knob ............. CHECK OUT and ILLUMINATED
Adjust volume as necessary.
VHF2 VOLUME/RECEPTION knob ............. CHECK OUT and ILLUMINATED
Adjust volume as necessary.
FLIGHT TRACKER
*PEGASUS ................................................................................ START FLIGHT
Crosscheck booked aircraft against loaded aircraft and verify the booked flight
matches the flight you are about to perform.
(DATA):
AIRCRAFT MODEL and ENGINE MODEL ............................................ CHECK
Check that the aircraft model and engine model (CFM56-xxx) are correct on the
DATA > A/C STATUS page.
AIRAC CYCLE validity .......................................................................... CHECK
It is recommended to fly with the most recent AIRAC cycle. Check validity dates
and that no “CHECK DATA BASE CYCLE” message is triggered.
IDLE/PERF FACTOR.............................................................................. CHECK
IDLE factor is -3.5 fleet-wide. This setting has an impact on the TOD calculation.
All aircrafts have different performance factors. This value, expressed as a
percentage, adds drag to the engines (within the MCDU). Crosscheck that the
value matches the OFP value (and thus that fuel calculations are correct).
Procedure for modifying the IDLE/PERF factor (on ground only):
On the A/C STATUS page:
• ENTER “ARM” in the CHG CODE line (LSK5L)
• WRITE the new IDLE/PERF factors in the SCRATCHPAD.
IDLE factor should be set to -3.5, PERF factor as set on the OFP.
• INSERT using LSK6L key.
(INIT A):
*FLIGHT DATA .......................................................................................INSERT
• With route uplink:
- Insert the OFP FLT NBR and press INIT REQUEST (LSK2R).
- Crosscheck the automatically populated fields (CO RTE, FROM/TO
ALTN/CO RTE, COST INDEX, CRZ FL) against OFP.
- Populate CRZ TEMP, TROPO and GND TEMP (if different than
actual) as per OFP.
• Without route uplink:
- Populate FROM/TO, ALTN, COST INDEX, CRZ FL, CRZ TEMP,
TROPO as per OFP. Change GND TEMP if different than actual.
(F-PLN):
*FLIGHT PLAN ROUTE....................................................... INSERT or CHECK
• With route uplink:
- Check uplinked route against OFP route (ATC will give a clearance
according to the route which has been filed). Amend as necessary.
• Without route uplink:
- Insert the OFP route.
Note: In case of a route which includes airways, it is faster to only
populate airways and crosscheck end points.
Ex: For a route that starts with “DIPIR B37 IBABA UZ124
OBURO”, insert DIPIR after the departure airport (LSGG in
this case). Access the LAT REV FROM DIPIR page and press
AIRWAYS (LSK5R). Insert B37 in LSK1L and UZ124 in
LSK2L. Crosscheck the auto-filled B37 end point is indeed
IBABA - correct as necessary. Repeat the process.
• In all cases:
- Insert expected departure RWY and SID.
- Insert expected arrival RWY and STAR.
- Check or enter climb speed limit and/or constraints according to ATC
clearance.
- Enter step altitude as appropriate.
*WINDS ............................................................................................... AS RQRD
Whenever it is possible to uplink the winds, the virtual flight crew may do so after
having inserted the flight plan route.
In case of a short flight and uplink not available, the OFP average wind
component will be inserted in the INIT B page. History wind, if accurate, can be
considered.
Otherwise, insert winds according to OFP.
*INSERTED FLIGHT PLAN ....................................................... CROSSCHECK
With the F-PLN page and with the ND PLAN mode, crosscheck inserted flight
plan against OFP and/or charts.
(SEC F-PLN):
*ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN ............................................................................COPY
*SECONDARY FLIGHT PLAN ............................................. REVISE AS RQRD
The SEC F-PLN page is normally devoted to the EOSID and the planned return
runway. A LAT REV from the TAKEOFF RWY is made and the landing
aerodrome (either departure or takeoff alternate aerodrome) is inserted as NEW
DEST. The expected landing RWY is inserted.
Another use for the SEC F-PLN would be if a change in runway or SID is
expected during taxi. In this case, prepare by copying the active flight plan and
making the necessary amendments.
(RAD NAV):
*NAVAIDS ............................................................................................... CHECK
On non-RNAV SIDs, a navaid is needed to correctly perform the departure. The
appropriate navaid should be tuned.
(INIT B):
*ZFW/ZFCG ............................................................................................INSERT
Enter the OFP EST ZFW value and the default ZFCG of 30% (ex: 58.6/30).
*BLOCK FUEL ........................................................................................INSERT
Insert FOB or expected FOB value (last OFP PLN BLK value + any extra fuel
requested by the virtual flight crew).
*TRIP WIND .........................................................................AS APPROPRIATE
If a wind uplink is expected, ignore (this field will be transformed into three
dashes once the winds are uplinked).
Otherwise, insert OFP TRIP WIND value.
(PERF):
*THR RED/ACC ALTITUDES ................................................................. CHECK
Default THR RED and ACC altitudes are 1000 ft AAL. Modify as required
according to charts. Refer to 3.1.3 Noise Abatment.
*PRESET SPEEDS ............................................................................. AS RQRD
If the flight is cleared for a close-in turn or close-in altitude/climb gradient
constraint, the flight crew may preselect green dot speed on the PERF CLB
page.
Once the CLB phase is active, the preselected speed will be displayed in the
FCU speed window and on the PFD (blue symbol). Once the turn is completed
or the altitude/climb gradient constraints have been cleared, the pilot will resume
the managed speed profile by pressing the SPD selector on the FCU.
INSTRUMENT PANELS
PFD and ND brightness knob........................................................... AS RQRD
Pay attention to the outer ND brightness knob ring as it is for the weather radar
or terrain database display.
LOUDSPEAKER knob ................................................................................. SET
*PFD ........................................................................................................ CHECK
Check blue and magenta speed are matching V1 and V2, IAS, FMA, blue ALT
is matching initial stop altitude, QNH, altitude, heading and attitude.
*ND .......................................................................................................... CHECK
Check the position of the aircraft is consistent with the SID, surrounding navaids,
terrain, etc.
Check compass indications (as well as on the DDRMI if fitted), heading, initial
waypoint, tuned VOR/ADF.
ECAM
*PRESS pb ..............................................................................................PRESS
Check the CAB PRESS page displays LDG ELEV AUTO.
ADIRS
*IRS ALIGNMENT ............................................................................... CONFIRM
On the DATA > POSITION MONITOR page, check the IRS are showing NAV.
FMS position should be lower than 5 nm.
DEPARTURE BRIEFING
*NAV CHARTS CLIPBOARD ............................................................ PREPARE
*DEPARTURE BRIEFING ................................................................. PERFORM
The departure briefing should begin by following the mnemonic WANT order:
• Weather
With the help of the local aerodrome METAR discuss the weather,
specifically cloud base, wind (tail/headwind, crosswind takeoff technique
If applicable…), temperature (if anti-ice is needed during taxi, for takeoff
or both).
• Aircraft Status
Take into consideration any inoperative system and its consequences on
the flight.
• NOTAMs
Check any relevant NOTAMs that will have an impact on the flight.
Ex: Threat: high terrain around the airport. Mitigation: terrain displayed on
ND, compliance with climb gradient and SID constraints, MRC chart
ready, awareness of MSA.
Once the WANT briefing is done, the virtual flight crew should brief the expected
route (both on the ground and in the air) and the specifics of the takeoff:
• Taxi route
Brief the expected taxi-out technique (pushback or own power) and any
OETD intentions. State the expected taxi route.
• SID
Check SID and SIDPT charts for:
- Initial climb
- Routing
- Climb gradient
- Notes (possibly indicating altitude restrictions at waypoints not in
the SID)
- Transition altitude
- Minimum Sector Altitude (and its reference)
- SID drawing (crosscheck against ND drawing)
• Takeoff
Brief the expected reasons for a RTO:
Below 100 kt:
Consider rejecting for any reason.
Between 100 kt and V1:
Consider rejecting only for red or amber ECAM warnings, loss of engine
thrust, ATC call, or aircraft not fit to fly.
At or above V1:
The virtual flight crew is “go-minded” and will not reject. No actions
below 400 ft AGL other than “POSITIVE CLIMB……GEAR UP” and
reminding TOGA is available if performing a FLEX takeoff.
Return strategy:
Expected EOSID and return runway.
PEDESTAL
SWITCHING PANEL .............. NORM
RMP ........................ CHECK ON/SET
PF PM
ACP ........................ CHECK ON/SET
WXR RADAR CONFIG ........ CHECK
*RADAR SYS ............................. OFF
*PRED WINDSHEAR ................. OFF
COCKPIT DOOR .................... NORM
*PRK BRK ................ CHECK ONON
*ACCU/BRAKE PRESS ....... CHECK
GRAVITY GEAR EXTN ........ CHECK
STOWED
*ENG MODE selector ............ NORM
*ENG 1 & 2 MASTER levers ..... OFF
TRANSPONDER ......................STBY
TCAS ........................................STBY
FLIGHT TRACKER
*PEGASUS .............. START FLIGHT *PEGASUS .............. START FLIGHT
FMS PREPARATION
ACFT/ENGINE MODEL ....... CHECK
AIRAC CYCLE validity ........ CHECK
IDLE/PERF FACTOR ........... CHECK
*NAVAID DESELECT ...... AS RQRD
*FMS ................................. PREPARE
*FMS
PREPARATION ........CROSSCHECK
GLARESHIELD
*BARO REF ..... SET/CROSSCHECK *BARO REF ..... SET/CROSSCHECK
*ALTIMETERS ..................... CHECK *ALTIMETERS ..................... CHECK
*FD .................................. CHECK ON *FD .................................. CHECK ON
*LS .................................... AS RQRD *LS .....................................AS RQRD
*ND MODE and RANGE .. AS RQRD *ND MODE and RANGE ...AS RQRD
*VOR/ADF selector ......... AS RQRD *VOR/ADF selector ..........AS RQRD
*FCU ........................................... SET
PF PM
INSTRUMENT PANELS
PFD/ND brightness ......... AS RQRD PFD/ND brightness ..........AS RQRD
LOUDSPEAKER knob ............... SET LOUDSPEAKER knob............... SET
*PFD ..................................... CHECK *PFD ..................................... CHECK
*ND ....................................... CHECK *ND ....................................... CHECK
ECAM
*LDG ELEV................ CHECK AUTO
ADIRS
*IRS ALIGN .............. CONFIRM NAV
DEPARTURE BRIEFING
*NAV CHARTS *NAV CHARTS
CLIPBOARD..................... PREPARE CLIPBOARD .................... PREPARE
*DEPARTURE BRIEFING .............................................................. PERFORM
ONCE DEPARTURE BRIEFING IS COMPLETE
*COCKPIT PREPARATION CHECKLIST ................................... COMPLETE
• Runway – Intersection
Expected or most likely takeoff runway (and intersection if applicable)
should be computed.
• Environmental Conditions
Expected takeoff conditions:
- Wind
- Outside Air Temperature
- QNH
- Runway Condition
- Anti-ice setting (ON if icing conditions on ground or if expected icing
conditions at or below ACC altitude)
• Takeoff Weight
Expected TOW.
• Flaps setting
(STD: CONF 1+F or CONF 2)
Expected takeoff flaps setting.
Do not use “OPT” setting (if available), force the standard setting for the
variant used. Refer to 3.1.4 Standard Takeoff Config.
• Thrust
(STD: FLEX)
Expected takeoff thrust setting.
Refer to 3.1.4 Standard Takeoff Config.
• PACKs
(STD: OFF)
Expected takeoff PACKs status.
FLEX TO TEMP
ENG OUT ACC
Green Dot Speed
Note: THS field is left empty because it has no impact on calculations and
trim is set with the TOCG % value found on the final loadsheet.
Note 2: The Green Dot Speed crosscheck ensures the EFB/MCDU TOW are
the same.
For information, Green Dot Speed = (Weight in tons * 2) + 85 + 1 per
1 000ft above 20 000 ft.
In the case of an LMC, re-compute performance data and revise FMGS data as
appropriate.
If the total LMC weight is negative, or positive but less than or equal
to 250 kg (LMC <= +250 kg) and ZFCG variation is within ± 2% MAC
of the original calculated value:
=> No action needs to be taken with weight & balance
=> No action needs to be taken with takeoff performance
If the total LMC weight is positive and greater than 250 kg (LMC >
+250 kg) or ZFCG variation is outside ± 2% MAC of the original
calculated value:
W&B DATA .................. RE-COMPUTE and VALIDATE AS RQRD
TAKEOFF
PERFORMANCE ......... RE-COMPUTE and VALIDATE AS RQRD
Refer to 3.6.1 Before Start – Procedure.
Note: The revised TOCG value (in %MAC) after LMC shall be used for
THS PITCH TRIM setting during the After Start Flow Pattern.
BEACON ........................................................................................................ ON
PF checks that the BEACON sw is ON.
PF PM
AT PUSHBACK/START CLEARANCE
PUSH/START CLR ............. OBTAIN
(GROUND CREW)
PUSH/START CLR ...OBTAIN (ATC)
BEACON ...................................... ON TRANSPONDER ...................XPNDR
IF PERFORMING PUSHBACK
N/W STEER
DISC MEMO ....CHECK DISPLAYED
BEFORE START CHECKLIST .................................................... COMPLETE
PARKING BRAKE ..................... OFF ELAPSED TIME .................... START
IF NOT PERFORMING PUSHBACK
BEFORE START CHECKLIST .................................................... COMPLETE
The virtual pilot starting the engine points to the ENG MODE SELECTOR and
calls: “ENGINE MODE SELECTOR.”
The virtual pilot then states “START” and selects the IGN/START position.
- N2 is about:
• (A319/A320): 58.5%
• (A20N/A21N): 68%
- EGT is about:
• (A319/A320): 390°C
• (A20N/A21N): 520°C
- FF is about:
• (A319/A320): 275 kg/h
• (A20N/A21N): 290 kg/h
- Grey background on N2 indication has disappeared.
Note: The engines must operate at or near idle for at least 3 min before
advancing thrust to high power setting.
Do not complete the After Start Checklist and proceed to 3.9.1 Taxi –
Procedure.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• If OETD is NOT being performed:
GROUND EQUIPMENT .............. WAIT UNTIL DISCONNECTED AND CLEAR
Check the NW STRG DISC memo is not displayed on the upper ECAM display.
ECAM STATUS ...................................................................................... CHECK
Check that there is no STS reminder on the upper ECAM display.
AFTER START CHECKLIST ........................................................... COMPLETE
3.9 TAXI
3.9.1 Taxi – Procedure
TAXI CLEARANCE ............................................................................ REQUEST
Once taxi clearance has been obtained:
NOSE sw .....................................................................................................TAXI
• When crossing a runway:
STROBE sw ................................................................................. ON
RWY TURNOFF sw ............................................................................ AS RQRD
OFF unless needed for extra visibility, either to see or to be seen.
PARKING BRK handle ................................................................................OFF
THRUST LEVERS .............................................................................. AS RQRD
Use as little power as possible to move the aircraft.
A maximum of 40% N1 should be used while maneuvering/taxiing on ground.
BRAKES ................................................................................................. CHECK
If an arc is displayed on the ECAM WHEEL SD page above the brake
temperature, set the brake fans ON.
Note: Maximum brake temperature for takeoff is as follows:
• 300°C without using brake fans
• 150°C if brake fans were used
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• If OETD is being performed, when appropriate:
Note: Consider the warm-up period of 3 minutes before advancing the thrust
levers to high power.
CAUTION: If NWS is lost when the Y ELEC PUMP is switched OFF, bring the
aircraft to a stop in a straight line (using differential braking if
required). The PARKING BRK should be set ON and ENG 2
started.
APU BLEED ................................................................................................... ON
ENG MODE selector ....................................................................... IGN/START
“STARTING ENGINE 2”................................................................. ANNOUNCE
ENG 2 MASTER ............................................................................................ ON
Note: 1. During the engine start, a slight jerk forward may occur if the
brakes are applied while the aircraft is moving.
2. Maintain taxi in a straight line during at least 5 s after the selection
of the ENG 2 Master lever to ON in order to ensure the PTU auto-
test is completed.
In case of radar vectors, the pre-selected HDG will be displayed on the FCU.
AUTO BRK MAX pb ...................................................................................... ON
TRANSPONDER CODE/MODE ................................................. CONFIRM/SET
ENGINE MODE selector .................................................................... AS RQRD
Set IGN/START if:
Heavy rain is falling, or
Heavy rain or severe turbulence is expected after takeoff.
WXR RADAR ................................................................................................. ON
PRED WINDSHEAR SYSTEM ..................................................................AUTO
On new RDR-4000 radars:
WXR/PWS ...................................................................................................... ON
CAPT DISPLAY mode selector............................................................ ALL WX
F/O DISPLAY mode selector ............................................................... ALL WX
TERR ON ND ...................................................................................... AS RQRD
In mountainous areas, consider displaying terrain on ND.
Note: The terrain display on ND is not a radar but a database.
PF PM
TERR ON ND.................... AS RQRD TERR ON ND ....................AS RQRD
T.O CONFIG pb ....................... TEST
T.O MEMO ........... CHECK NO BLUE
SLIDING TABLE .................... STOW SLIDING TABLE .................... STOW
EFB ................................... AS RQRD EFB ....................................AS RQRD
DEPARTURE BRIEFING (PEDS) ................................................... CONFIRM
T.O PERFORMANCE....... CONFIRM
EOSID ............................... CONFIRM
FMS F-PLN/SID .................... CHECK
FCU ALT .............................. CHECK
TAXI CHECKLIST ........................................................................ COMPLETE
Below 80 kt:
TAKEOFF N1........................................................................................... CHECK
Check the thrust target is set before the aircraft reaches 80 kt.
THRUST SET .................................................................................. ANNOUNCE
PFD and ENG indications ................................................................. MONITOR
Scan airspeed, N1 and EGT throughout the takeoff.
At 100 kt:
INDICATED AIR SPEED .................................................. ANNOUNCE/CHECK
PM announces when 100 kt is reached on his PFD. PF crosschecks and calls:
“CHECKED.”
At V1:
V1 .................................................................................................... ANNOUNCE
PM announces “V1” when V1 speed has been reached on his PFD (blue dot).
The hand shall be removed from the thrust levers to avoid an inadvertent thrust
reduction.
At VR:
ROTATION ...........................................................................ORDER/PERFORM
PM orders “Rotate” when VR speed has been reached on his PFD (blue 1).
PF initiates the rotation to achieve a continuous rotation with a rate of about
3°/sec, aiming for a pitch attitude of 15° at the end of the rotation (12.5° with one
engine operative).
Minimize lateral inputs to avoid spoiler extension.
In strong crosswind conditions, small lateral stick inputs may be used, if
necessary, to maintain the wings level.
After the rotation is complete, follow the SRS pitch command bar
(horizontal bar).
At Acceleration Altitude:
Check target speed change from V2 + 10 to CLB speed (preselected or
managed).
PF PM
At Thrust Reduction Altitude
THRUST LEVERS ........................ CL
PACK 1 ......................................... ON
10 seconds later
PACK 2 ......................................... ON
At F speed
FLAPS 1 ............................... ORDER
FLAPS 1 .............................. SELECT
At S speed
FLAPS 0 ............................... ORDER
FLAPS 0 .............................. SELECT
GND SPLRS ........................ DISARM
LANDING GEAR ............ CHECK UP
EXTERIOR LIGHTS ................... SET
SEAT BELTS SIGNS ............ CYCLE
3.13 CLIMB
3.13.1 Climb – Procedure
Normal vertical mode is:
CLB or OP CLB*
Managed speed
*OP CLB may be used as appropriate when ATC instructs to climb higher than
a SID constraint (magenta asterisk).
Expedite Climb
If ATC requires a rapid climb through a particular level:
Consider pushing the EXP pb.
The target speed is now green dot speed.
FMA: THR CLB | EXP CLB | NAV
Note: The use of EXP climb may not be desirable at higher levels.
When cleared to a Flight Level and latest when passing Transition Altitude
(TA)
“SET STANDARD” ......................................................................... ANNOUNCE
PF orders altimeters to be set to STD by announcing “SET STANDARD”.
Each virtual pilot shall pull STD on their FCU Baro Ref selector.
The PF will set the ISIS altimeter to Standard when above the relevant MSA.
(This action may be delegated to the PM.)
Climb
CRZ FL ........................................................................................ SET AS RQRD
If ATC clears the aircraft to its intended CRZ FL or above, there is no need to
modify the CRZ FL entered in the INIT A page during cockpit preparation. The
FCU will automatically take into account a higher CRZ FL selected with the FCU
ALT knob.
If ATC limits CRZ FL to a lower level than the one entered in the INIT A page (or
present on the PROG page) the virtual flight crew must insert this lower CRZ FL
in the PROG page. (Otherwise, there is no transition into CRZ phase: the
managed speed targets and Mach are not modified, and SOFT ALT mode is not
available. In that case FMA will display: MACH | ALT | NAV instead of MACH |
ALT CRZ | NAV.)
ANTI-ICE ............................................................................................. AS RQRD
ENGINE ANTI ICE must be ON during all flight operations, when icing conditions
exist, or are anticipated, except during climb and cruise when the SAT is below
-40° C.
RADAR ................................................................................ AS APPROPRIATE
3.14 CRUISE
3.14.1 Cruise – Procedure
In cruise, the task sharing is left to the virtual flight crew’s appreciation.
In the event of a non-standard step climb, the Cost Index should remain at 0
until the CRZ FL.
In the event of an Initial CRZ FL (due to limited performance before being able
to climb to the Final CRZ FL), the Cost Index stated on OFP/vAMSYS booking
page for the CRZ FL should be entered.
During cruise, selected Speed/Mach shall only be used to comply with ATC
instruction or during severe turbulence. Managed speed at Cost Index stated on
OFP shall be resumed as soon as possible.
ECAM MEMO .........................................................................................REVIEW
ECAM SD PAGES .................................................................................REVIEW
Periodically review system display pages and, in particular:
ENG: Oil pressure and temperature.
BLEED: BLEED parameters.
ELEC: Parameters, GEN loads.
HYD: A slight decrease in quantity is normal. Fluid contraction during cold
soak can be expected. Green system is lower than on ground following
landing gear retraction.
FUEL: Fuel distribution.
COND: Duct temperature compared with zone temperature. Avoid large
differences for passenger comfort.
FLT CTL: Note any unusual control surface position.
DOOR: Oxygen pressure.
Check that the sum of the fuel on board and the fuel used is consistent with the
If the sum is unusually greater than the fuel on board at departure, suspect a
fuel quantity over read.
If the planned duration of the flight does not allow the virtual flight crew to carry
out the assessment in non-critical phases of flight, the assessment should be
carried out before departure.
QNH...................................................................................................... PRE-SET
Pre-set the DESTINATION QNH on the ISIS and PFDs.
This should be done as a closed loop action reverting to STD setting and should
not be done in descent when approaching a level off to avoid unwanted ALT*
activation.
Note: When operating in cold weather conditions, the virtual flight crew shall
consider altitude correction.
Landing runway
Wind entry
Runway surface condition
Landing flaps
Braking mode
Thrust reversers status
MEL/CDL/ECAM Alerts affecting landing performance if any
1. Landing Distance
The virtual flight crew shall ensure that the F-LD is less than LDA for the
selected conditions.
If the F-LD exceeds the LDA, a re-computation with different input
parameters (LDG CONF, BRK MODE…) is required.
Note: Insert the average wind given by the ATC or ATIS. Do not enter
gust values.
Ex: If the wind is 220KT21G27, insert the lower speed 220/21
(ground speed mini-function will cope with the gust).
Check/select the required level according to the runway length and condition or
as determined by the landing distance performance assessment.
If, on very long runways, the pilot anticipates that braking will not be needed,
use of the autobrake is not necessary.
FMS ............................................................................................ CROSSCHECK
After the PF prepares the FMS, the PM checks all the data entered in the FMS.
The PM should have the same mental image of the intended arrival and
approach procedure, trajectory, and constraints as the PF. The PM should check
with the PF if anything is not clear.
ARRIVAL BRIEFING ......................................................................... PERFORM
The purpose of the arrival briefing is for the PF to inform the PM of the planned
course of action for the arrival, approach, landing and go-around.
Before starting the briefing, the PM shall review all FMS data insertion for the
expected arrival using MCDU and ND. Both pilots shall crosscheck FMS against
the Aerodrome Charts.
The briefing shall be interactive and integrate effective TEM considerations
RADAR ................................................................ ADJUST AS APPROPRIATE
Insert APPR, STAR, APPR VIA and TRANS if applicable. (Access by lateral
revision at destination).
ANTI-ICE ............................................................................................. AS RQRD
Refer to 2.6.1 Anti-ice.
DESCENT CLEARANCE ....................................................................... OBTAIN
Energy Management
3.16 DESCENT
3.16.1 Descent – Procedure
3.16.1.1 Descent Initiation
DESCENT ............................................................................................. INITIATE
The normal method of initiating the descent is to select DES mode at the FMGS
calculated top of descent (T/D).
The aircraft descends along the descent flight path; the PFD and PROG page
display VDEV, and so this can be monitored. All constraints of the flight plan are
taken into account for the guidance.
When the aircraft is flying in HDG or TRK mode, and thus out of the lateral
F-PLN, DES mode is not available. However, the PFD still displays VDEV and
this is useful whenever cross track error is small (up to 5 NM).
The NDs show a level-off symbol along the flight path. Its position is based on
the current active modes. AP/FD and A/THR.
The virtual flight crew can use this symbol to monitor the descent. MCDU
predictions assume a return to the lateral F-PLN and descent flight path. Note
that whenever the lateral mode is changed from NAV to HDG/TRK the vertical
mode reverts to V/S at the value pertaining at the time of the mode change.
From time to time during stabilised descent, the virtual flight crew may select
FPA to check that the remaining distance to destination is approximately the
altitude change required divided by the FPA in degrees.
In DES mode: If the aircraft is on, or below, the flight path and the ATC requires
a higher rate of descent, do not use speedbrakes because the rate of descent
is dictated by the planned flight path.
Thus, the A/THR may increase thrust to compensate for the increase in drag. In
this case, use OPEN DES with speedbrakes.
Note: 1. If speedbrakes are used above 315 kt/M.75, with the AP
engaged, their rate of retraction is low (total time for retraction
from full extension is approximately 25 s). The ECAM memo
page displays SPD BRAKES in amber until retraction is
complete.
2. In order to avoid overshooting the altitude, due to speedbrake
retraction in ALT* mode, retract the speedbrakes at least 2000
ft before the selected altitude.
3.17 APPROACH
3.17.1 Approach – General
3.17.1.1 Introduction
The Approach section provides the standard operating procedures for the
following approach types:
ILS approaches
Conventional approaches: VOR, VOR-DME, NDB, NDB-DME
Approaches based on a LOC signal without any G/S signal: LOC ONLY,
ILS G/S OUT, LOC B/C
PBN approaches including:
– RNAV (GNSS) approaches with LNAV minimum or LNAV/VNAV
minimum
– RNP (AR) approaches
Note: In the A320 Family FMS, all RNP approaches are listed with the prefix
RNV__
By 1000 FT RA:
Aircraft NOT in landing configuration
Speed greater than VAPP TGT + 30 kt
By 500 FT RA:
Stable approach criteria NOT achieved
Landing checklist NOT completed
Note: 1000 feet RA gate may not be appropriate for some specific approach
depending on terrain profile. In this case, the virtual flight crew should
brief to reference 1000 ft to TDZE.
Crew are informed of this within the Airfield Briefings.
When the aircraft is below the FCU altitude, the virtual flight crew MUST apply
the GO AROUND procedure.
All Flaps selections should ideally be made at the managed target speed.
When possible, to reduce flaps track wear, flaps selections should be made
when actual speed is close to the target speed for the existing configuration.
In HDG/TRK mode, the F-PLN will sequence automatically only if the aircraft
flies close to the F-PLN route.
APPROACH PHASE ........................................................... CHECK/ACTIVATE
If the aircraft overflies the DECEL pseudo waypoint in NAV mode, the APPR
phase activates automatically.
Note: “False callouts” can occur if the aircraft overflies terrain. In this case,
the virtual flight crew shall wait until the radio altimeter indication
disappears (RA more than 2500 ft) and appears again when
appropriate.
If the aircraft speed is significantly higher than “F” speed on the flight path, or
the aircraft does not decelerate on the flight path, extend the landing gear in
order to slow down the aircraft. The use of speed brakes is not recommended.
This technique may be adapted to comply with maximum requests of 170 kt until
5 nm.
If the runway conditions have changed from the approach briefing, consider
another braking mode.
GND SPLRS ................................................................................................ARM
Check for three landing gear green indications. At least one green triangle on
each landing gear strut on the WHEEL SD page is sufficient to indicate that the
landing gear is downlocked. Rely also on the “LDG GEAR DN” green ECAM
MEMO message to confirm that the landing gear is downlocked.
CAT II Approach
CAT II ILS approach can be performed provided:
Published CAT 2 minima are used.
At least one AP is coupled for approach and automatic landing.
Aircraft Capability
CAT II or CAT III capability is available provided the list of required equipment
is operative (QRH).
If the aircraft is dispatched with some equipment inoperative, the MEL may
preclude CAT II or CAT III operations as appropriate.
On the A320 family aircraft, CAT II/CAT III capabilities are inherent functions of
the basic design standard. Therefore, related tasks are covered by the Airbus
Maintenance Program. There is no special recommendation for scheduled
maintenance tasks or functional checks to assure CAT II/CAT III capabilities.
A log entry will be made if full (CAT 3 DUAL) capability is not available. A
downgrading/upgrading procedure has been established and will be used.
The nature of the failure and the point of its occurrence will determine which
response is appropriate.
1. Failures leading to a downgrading of capability as displayed on FMA and
ECAM with an associated specific audio warning (triple click).
2. Failures that do not trigger a downgrading of capability but are signalled
by other effects (Flag, ECAM warning, amber caution and associated
audio warnings).
It should be noted that some failures might trigger ECAM warnings, cautions and
a downgrading of capability.
In case of CAT II and CAT III approaches, review the following items on top of
the usual briefing:
Task sharing and callouts
Management of degraded guidance
Low visibility procedures at the airport
Note: In NAV mode, the aircraft may leave the flight plan to capture the LOC.
The APPR button may be pushed if cleared to establish on the localiser only
with the expectation of a clearance for the ILS. The G/S mode will be armed and
manual intervention by selecting the LOC pb must be effected if clearance for
the ILS is not received prior to intercepting the glideslope. Thereafter V/S may
be used to capture the glideslope from above or a discontinued approach flown.
LOC and/or G/S capture modes will engage no sooner than 3 s after being
armed.
Whenever the virtual pilot notices the pitch movement, or the spurious G/S*, or
the trajectory deviation, the pilot will immediately disconnect the AP, if engaged,
to re-establish a normal attitude and will disengage APPR mode.
BOTH APs ........................................................................................... ENGAGE
When APPR mode is selected, AP1 and AP2 should be engaged.
FOR CAT I, LTS CAT I, CAT II, OTS CAT II, CAT III WITH DH APPROACH
AT ENTERED MINIMUM + 100 FT
ONE HUNDRED ABOVE ....................................... MONITOR OR ANNOUNCE
AT ENTERED MINIMUM
MINIMUM ............................................................... MONITOR OR ANNOUNCE
Below minimum, the visual references must be the primary reference until
landing.
Note: For RNP AR APCH, refer to 3.17.2.2.3 Approach Using FINAL APP
Guidance for RNP AR.
DESCENT PREPARATION
WEATHER AND LANDING INFORMATION......................................... OBTAIN
The FMS vertical profile does not take into account the effect of low OAT.
For RNP approach with LNAV/VNAV minima, use of QNH from a remote station
is prohibited.
F-PLN A page ......................................................................................... CHECK
If a TOO STEEP PATH message is displayed after the Final Descent Point
(FDP), do not use FINAL APP guidance for approach. Use NAV FPA, TRK FPA
for approach.
0.1 degree of difference between the MCDU and the charted final vertical path
is acceptable.
The FMS lateral F-PLN extracted from the navigation database is in agreement
with the instrument procedure chart. The lateral tracks and distances should be
reasonable and the waypoints must be located in the correct position on the ND.
PROG page ..................................................................................... COMPLETE
Insert the reference RWY threshold in the BRG/DIST field for position monitoring
during approach.
If the altitude checks on the approach charts are referenced from a waypoint,
said waypoint can be inserted as appropriate to monitor vertical profile during
approach.
GO AROUND STRATEGY ....................................................................REVIEW
The briefing should include a review of “Management of Degraded Navigation”
topics.
DESCENT
NAV ACCURACY ................................................................................... CHECK
If NAV ACCURACY is LOW, use TRK FPA mode for approach. Refer to
3.17.2.2.4 Approach Using FPA Guidance.
• For RNP approach:
GPS PRIMARY ............................................................................. CHECK
GPS PRIMARY must be available on at least 1 FMS.
The vertical guidance requires a precise baro setting. The maximum acceptable
discrepancy between altimeters is 100 ft.
INTERMEDIATE/FINAL APPROACH
POSITION ........................................................................................... MONITOR
Check that ATC clearances allow the aircraft to fly through the capture area of
vertical profile. After radar vectoring, consider a DIR TO RDL IN to sequence
the F-PLN.
FD or AP FD .................................................................. USE FOR APPROACH
vEZY policy is to use autopilot when available for all NPA in IMC.
The use of FD or AP FD provides the required navigation accuracy.
APPR pb on FCU ....................................................................................PRESS
Press the APPR pb when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
– The aircraft is cleared for approach.
– TO waypoint is the Final Descent Point
APPR mode should be armed at least 2 NM before the Final Descent Point to
ensure healthy predictions are available and FINAL APP engages successfully.
Note: For approaches where the Final Descent Point is less than 2 NM after
the previous approach FIX, the APPR mode can be armed when the
aircraft has levelled-off at the final descent altitude (ALT or ALT CST
mode) and the FDP (as displayed on ND by the final descent arrow) is
properly sequenced/computed by the FMGC.
DESCENT PREPARATION
APPROACH MINIMUM .................................................................. DETERMINE
RNP AR approach minima are associated with specific RNP values.
For each published RNP value, a corresponding Decision Altitude (DA)
and visibility is associated. RNP 0.3 minima are always published.
Availability of RNP minima below RNP 0.3 depends on each approach
design and may require specific approval.
RNP AR minima below RNP 0.3 cannot be used on aircraft limited to RNP
0.3.
By default, the RNP value coded in FMS Navigation database for final
segment is RNP 0.3. Virtual crew entered RNP value is overriding FMS
database RNP values.
Virtual crew should only consider selecting RNP AR minima below RNP
0.3 when expected weather conditions for the approach suggest the use
of lower RNP value.
NAVAIDS DESELECTION.................................................................. AS RQRD
In case GPS PRIMARY is lost, the FMS may revert to Radio NAV mode.
Deselection of Navaids shall only be performed when a VOR/DME is indicated
by NOTAM as under test or faulty.
The FMS lateral and vertical F-PLN extracted from the navigation database is in
agreement with the instrument procedure chart. The lateral tracks and distances
should be reasonable and the waypoints must be located in the correct position
on the ND.
If a TOO STEEP PATH is displayed after the FDP, FINAL APP guidance cannot
be used. Select another approach.
Airspeed and configuration must be adapted for the maximum speed required
to achieve the radius of turns in the procedure.
PROG page ..................................................................................... COMPLETE
Insert the reference RWY threshold in the BRG/DIST field for position monitoring
during approach.
If the altitude checks on the approach charts are referenced from a waypoint,
said waypoint can be inserted as appropriate to monitor vertical profile during
approach.
GO AROUND STRATEGY ....................................................................REVIEW
The briefing should include a review of “Management of Degraded Navigation”
topics.
DESCENT
GPS 1 + 2 .......................................................................... CHECK both in NAV
Both GPS must be in NAV on the GPS MONITOR Page.
Both GPS and both FMS must be available before the IAF. Thus, if one FMS is
inoperative or if one GPS is not in NAV at the IAF, RNP AR operation is not
allowed.
TERR on ND .................................................................................................. ON
Unless weather radar is required on one side, the virtual flight crew selects
terrain on both NDs.
INITIAL/APPROACH
RNP VALUE (MCDU PROG page) ..........................................CHECK/INSERT
The MCDU PROG page displays the FMS navigation database RNP value in
small blue digits. Virtual crew entered value overrides the FMS navigation
database RNP value and is displayed in larger blue digits
Check/Insert the RNP value in the 6L field.
If the virtual crew intends to use RNP AR minima below 0.3, the RNP
value associated with approach minima shall be manually entered by the
virtual crew.
If required, the virtual crew shall enter the RNP value prior to the activation
of APPR phase, latest when passing the IAF.
BARO REF/ALTIMETER ........................................................................ CHECK
The altimeter crosscheck shall be completed after setting the Baro reference to
QNH and prior to the final approach fix (FAF).
The maximum acceptable discrepancy between altimeters is 100 feet.
If the altimetry crosscheck fails then the approach must not be continued.
After the FAF, the crew must continuously monitor the V/DEV on PFD.
INTERMEDIATE/FINAL APPROACH
AP FD ............................................................................. USE FOR APPROACH
For RNP AR operations, one AP must be engaged prior to the Initial Approach
Fix (IAF).
L/DEV ................................................................................ CHECK DISPLAYED
Check that the L/DEV scale is displayed on the PFD.
APPR pb on FCU ....................................................................................PRESS
Press the APPR pb when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
– The aircraft is cleared for approach.
– TO waypoint is the Final Descent Point
APPR mode should be armed at least 2 NM before the Final Descent Point to
ensure healthy predictions are available and FINAL APP engages successfully.
Note: For approaches where the Final Descent Point is less than 2 NM after
the previous approach FIX, the APPR mode can be armed when the
aircraft has levelled-off at the final descent altitude (ALT or ALT CST
mode) and the FDP (as displayed on ND by the final descent arrow) is
properly sequenced/computed by the FMGC.
Below minimum, the visual references must be the primary reference until
landing.
Systems failures occurring after passing the Initial Approach Fix (IAF):
The approach may be continued in case of single failure of:
GPS PRIMARY LOST on one ND (use appropriate remaining AP/FD)
NAV ACCURACY DOWNGRADE on one FMGS (use appropriate
remaining AP/FD)
GPS (MMR)
FMGS
EFIS DU
MCDU
AP (remaining AP shall be engaged if available)
System failures not defined in the lists above should be managed as appropriate
to the situation.
AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT
The minimum equipment required to start RNP APCH operations is:
– One FMGC
– One GPS
– Two IRS
– One MCDU
– One FD
– One PFD on the PF side
– Two NDs (the temporary display of ND information via the PFD/ND switch
is permitted on PM side)
– Two FCU channels
DESCENT PREPARATION
F-PLN A page ......................................................................................... CHECK
If a TOO STEEP PATH message is displayed after the Final Descent Point
(FDP), disregard the V/DEV or yoyo information on the PFD.
For approaches using NAV FPA:
DESCENT
NAV ACCURACY ................................................................................... CHECK
If NAV ACCURACY is LOW, use TRK FPA mode for approach.
• For RNP approach:
GPS PRIMARY ............................................................................. CHECK
GPS PRIMARY must be available on at least 1 FMS.
INTERMEDIATE/FINAL APPROACH
LATERAL GUIDANCE MODE....................................... SET FOR APPROACH
Arm NAV or LOC mode as appropriate.
Some procedures may specify a DME or other fix for the end of the downwind
leg.
CAUTION: The virtual flight crew must conduct the flight within the circling
area, while maintaining required visual references at all times.
Approach Preparation
For a circling approach, the approach preparation should include the following
additional items in the FMS programming.
F-PLN
Introduce the instrument approach procedure, including the missed approach
procedure for instrument approach.
SEC F-PLN
The landing runway must be inserted into the SEC F-PLN.
Instrument Approach
The virtual flight crew flies a stabilized approach at F speed, Flaps 3 and landing
gear down. Circling approaches must be flown with Gear Down and Flaps 3 to
avoid unwanted GPWS alerts.
Circling Approach
AT 100 FT ABOVE CIRCLING MINIMA:
ONE HUNDRED ABOVE ................................................................ ANNOUNCE
If no auto callout PM announces “ONE HUNDRED ABOVE”.
V/S ZERO (PF) ........................................................................................... PUSH
PF pushes V/S at 100 ft above MDA. The a/c will fly level at or just above Circling
Minima.
leg.
CHRONO (BOTH) .................................................................................... START
Start timing for 30 seconds from wings level.
TURN ONTO DOWNWIND LEG (PF)................................................. EXECUTE
PF flies the downwind track to the landing runway.
SECONDARY FLIGHT PLAN (PM) ................................................... ACTIVATE
PM activates the secondary flight plan.
PF maintains visual reference to the runway.
Note: Manoeuvring the aircraft is now performed using Selected Modes only.
MISSED APPROACH
If the decision to carry out a missed approach is taken when the aircraft is
positioned on the approach axis (track) defined by radio-navigation aids, the
published missed approach procedure must be followed.
If visual reference is lost while circling to land from an instrument approach, the
missed approach specified for that particular instrument approach must be
followed. It is expected that the pilot will make an initial climbing turn toward the
landing runway and overhead the aerodrome where the pilot will establish the
aeroplane in a climb on the missed approach track. As the circling manoeuvre
may be accomplished in more than one direction, different patterns will be
required to establish the aeroplane on the prescribed missed approach course
depending on its position at the time visual reference is lost unless otherwise
prescribed.
RNAV visual approaches must be stored and retrievable from the Navigation
Database.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
1 FMS.
1 GPS or 2 DME to update FM position.
Additional requirement if indicated on the approach chart.
DESCENT PREPARATION
For approach data insertion in the FMS, keep the BARO/MDA field empty on the
PERF APPR Page.
DESCENT
For RNAV VISUAL approaches requiring GPS, check that GPS PRIMARY is
available on at least 1 FMS.
FINAL APPROACH
The virtual flight crew must disconnect the AP at the latest at the Minimum Use
Height of the AP.
A Visual approach shall be briefed so that the crew share a common plan on
how this manoeuvre will be flown.
The virtual crew shall consider the risks associated against any operational gain
associated with a visual approach.
(For ILS equipped runway, the FMGS will auto tune the ILS and the GPWS will
monitor and auto call G/S deviation, even if LS not displayed).
Method
The autopilot is not used.
Both FDs are OFF.
FPV use is recommended.
A/THR use is recommended with managed speed.
Bear in mind the possible risk of optical illusions due to hindered night vision.
INITIAL/INTERMEDIATE APPROACH
The flight plan selected on the MCDU should include the selection of the landing
runway. The downwind leg may also be part of the flight plan. This may be a
useful indication of the aircraft position in the circuit on the ND. However, visual
references must be used.
Therefore, at the beginning of the downwind leg:
Manually ACTIVATE APPR.
Select FDs to OFF.
Select TRK-FPA to have FPV displayed.
Check A/THR active or OFF.
FINAL APPROACH
The speed trend arrow and FPV help the virtual flight crew make timely and
correct thrust settings (if in manual thrust), and approach path corrections. Avoid
descending through the correct approach path with idle thrust. (Late recognition
of this situation without a prompt thrust increase may lead to considerable speed
decay and altitude loss.)
Avoid any tendency to “duck under” in the late stages of the approach.
Avoid destabilizing the approach in the last 100 ft, in order to have the best
chance of performing a good touchdown at the desired position.
At 1000 ft RA:
ONE THOUSAND .................................................. MONITOR OR ANNOUNCE
Most aircrafts are not fitted with an auto callout. PM then calls “ONE
THOUSAND.”
At 500 ft RA:
FIVE HUNDRED .................................................... MONITOR OR ANNOUNCE
If no auto callout PM calls “FIVE HUNDRED.”
PF will respond “CHECKED” or in the case of the “NOT STABLE” call above, by
initiating a go around and announcing “GO AROUND FLAPS”.
Note: If the ECAM LDG MEMO is not displayed, the PM shall read each LDG
checklist item and the PF responds. (Ex: Challenge (PM): “LANDING
GEAR” ; PF checks landing gear status ; Response (PF): “DOWN.”)
PF PM
When Landing Gear is Down
FLAPS 3 ............................... ORDER
FLAPS 3 .............................. SELECT
ECAM WHEEL PAGE .......... CHECK
For FLAPS FULL landing and when Flaps are at 3
FLAPS FULL ........................ ORDER
FLAPS FULL ....................... SELECT
SPEED TARGET ................................................................... CHECK or SET*
A/THR ...... CHECK SPEED MODE or
OFF
WING ANTI-ICE (if not rqrd) ..... OFF
LDG MEMO ......... CHECK NO BLUE
CABIN REPORT ............. RECEIVED
LANDING CHECKLIST ................................................................ COMPLETE
FLT PARAMETERS ..... ANNOUNCE
ANY EXCEEDANCE ........ MONITOR
At 1000 ft RA
ONE THOUSAND.........MONITOR or
ANNOUNCE
ONE THOUSAND ............ CHECKED
At 500 ft RA
FIVE HUNDRED ............... MONITOR
AUTOCALLOUT
or ANNOUNCE
APPR STABLE ............ ANNOUNCE
APPR STABLE ............... CHECKED
or
GO-AROUND, FLAPS ......... ORDER
*PF for Automatic Approach/PM for Manual Approach.
3.18 LANDING
3.18.1 Landing – Procedure
3.18.1.1 Manual Landing
FOR MANUAL LANDING
AP..................................................................................................................OFF
FLARE
The cockpit cut-off angle is 20°.
AT TOUCHDOWN
Note: Touchdown must be achieved in the touchdown zone (as defined by
the runway markings, or in the absence of runway markings, the first
1000 m or first ⅓ rd of the runway whichever is less) or a balked
landing shall be initiated.
DEROTATION....................................................................................... INITIATE
Lower the nosewheel without undue delay.
The virtual flight crew must immediately select REV MAX, if any of the following
occurs at any time during the landing:
– An emergency
– The deceleration is not as expected
– A failure affects the landing performance
– A long flare or a long touchdown
– An unexpected tailwind
A small pitch up may occur during thrust reversers deployment before nose
landing gear touchdown. However, the virtual flight crew can easily control this
pitch up.
As soon as the virtual flight crew selects reverse thrust, they must perform a full-
stop landing.
GND SPLRS ..................................................................... CHECK/ANNOUNCE
Check that the WHEEL SD page displays the ground spoilers extended after
touchdown.
Note: If ground spoilers are not armed, ground spoilers extend at reverser
thrust selection.
If autobrake is selected:
AUTOBRAKE............................................................................ MONITOR
Note: If ground spoilers are not extended, the autobrake will not
activate.
During the rollout, the PM monitors the blue light on the autobrake panel,
and calls out if the autobrake mode disengages.
On aircraft displaying autobrake status on PFD:
During the rollout, the PM monitors that the FMA displays BRK LO or BRK
MED, and calls out if the autobrake mode disengages.
AT 70 KT
SEVENTY KNOTS .......................................................................... ANNOUNCE
BOTH REVERSER LEVERS .............................................................. REV IDLE
It is better to reduce reverse thrust when passing 70 kt. However, high levels of
reverse thrust may be used in order to control aircraft speed in the case of an
emergency.
AT TAXI SPEED
REVERSERS ............................................................................................ STOW
– When reaching taxi speed, and before leaving the runway, stow the
reversers.
– On snow-covered grounds, the reversers should be stowed when the
aircraft speed reaches 25 kt.
– When deselecting the reversers, be careful not to apply forward thrust by
moving the thrust levers beyond the FWD IDLE position.
BEFORE 20 KT
AUTO BRK ............................................................................................DISARM
Disengage the autobrake to avoid some brake jerks at low speed.
The virtual flight crew should use brake pedals to disengage the autobrake.
3.18.1.2 Autoland
The following items must be performed in addition to 3.17.2.2.1 Approach Using
LOC G/S Guidance.
AT 350 FT RA
LAND ON FMA ................................................................. CHECK/ANNOUNCE
If no LAND mode, autoland is not authorized.
ILS COURSE on PFD ............................................................................. CHECK
If the ILS course pointer and the runway track differ by more than 5°, autoland
is not authorized.
AT 40 FT RA
FLARE ON FMA ............................................................... CHECK/ANNOUNCE
If the FMA does not display FLARE, perform a go-around, or a manual landing
if visual references are sufficient.
FLARE ................................................................................................ MONITOR
AT 30 FT RA
THRUST IDLE ......................................................................................... CHECK
Monitor thrust reduction.
AT 10 FT RA
An automatic “RETARD” callout triggers. It is a command.
THRUST LEVERS .......................................................................................IDLE
The autothrust disconnects.
LATERAL GUIDANCE ....................................................................... MONITOR
Monitor the lateral guidance by using external references.
AT TOUCHDOWN
ROLL OUT on FMA .......................................................... CHECK/ANNOUNCE
The virtual flight crew must immediately select REV MAX, if any of the following
occurs at any time during the landing:
– An emergency
– The deceleration is not as expected
– A failure affects the landing performance
– A long flare or a long touchdown
– An unexpected tailwind
A small pitch up may occur during thrust reversers deployment before nose
landing gear touchdown. However, the virtual flight crew can easily control this
pitch up.
As soon as the virtual flight crew selects reverse thrust, they must perform a full-
stop landing.
GND SPLRS ..................................................................... CHECK/ANNOUNCE
Check that the WHEEL SD page displays the ground spoilers extended after
touchdown.
Note: If ground spoilers are not armed, ground spoilers extend at reverser
thrust selection.
Check that the ECAM E/WD displays that the reverse deployment is as
expected (REV green).
If reverser(s) do not deploy as expected, one of the main deceleration
means is lost. the virtual flight crew should consider adapting the available
deceleration means to stop the aircraft.
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL ................................................. MONITOR/ENSURE
Ensure directional control. Use rudder pedals for directional control.
Do not use the nosewheel steering control handle before reaching taxi
speed.
During rollout, the virtual flight crew should avoid sidestick inputs (either
lateral or longitudinal).
If directional control problems are encountered, the virtual flight crew
should reduce thrust to reverse idle until directional control is satisfactory.
AUTOBRAKE ..................................................................................... MONITOR
Note: If ground spoilers are not extended, the autobrake will not activate.
During the rollout, the PM monitors the blue light on the autobrake panel, and
calls out if the autobrake mode disengages.
AT 70 KT
SEVENTY KNOTS .......................................................................... ANNOUNCE
BOTH REVERSR LEVERS ................................................................ REV IDLE
It is better to reduce thrust when passing 70 kt. However, high levels of reverse
thrust may be used in order to control aircraft speed in the case of an
emergency.
BEFORE 20 KT
AUTO BRK ............................................................................................DISARM
PF PM
At 40 ft RA:
FLARE on FMA............ ANNOUNCE
FLARE on FMA .................... CHECK
FLARE .............................. MONITOR
At 30 ft RA:
THRUST IDLE ...................... CHECK
At 10 ft RA (“RETARD”)
THRUST LEVERS ..................... IDLE
LATERAL GUIDANCE ..... MONITOR
At touchdown:
ROLL OUT on FMA ..... ANNOUNCE
ROLL OUT on FMA ............. CHECK
BOTH REV LEVERS ........ REV IDLE
or REV MAX GND SPLRS ... CHECK/ANNOUNCE
REVERSERS .. CHECK/ANNOUNCE
DIRECTIONAL CTRL ....... MONITOR
AUTO BRAKE .................. MONITOR
DECEL ............ CHECK/ANNOUNCE
At 70 kt
SEVENTY KNOTS ....... ANNOUNCE
BOTH REV LEVERS ................. IDLE
Before 20 kt:
MANUAL BRAKING .... ANNOUNCE
AUTO BRAKE ..................... DISARM AUTO BRAKE
DISARMED ................... ANNOUNCE
End of roll out:
REVERSERS .......................... STOW
AP ............................................... OFF
3.19 GO-AROUND
3.19.1 Go-around – Procedure
PF WILL APPLY THE FOLLOWING THREE ACTIONS SIMULTANEOUSLY:
At any time, if TOGA thrust is desired, set the thrust levers to TOGA detent.
Note: If the thrust levers are not set briefly to TOGA detent, the FMS does
not engage the GO-AROUND phase, and flying over, or close to the
airport will sequence the Destination waypoint in the F-PLN.
ROTATION ......................................................................................... PERFORM
Monitor the rotation if at least one AP is ON.
Otherwise:
Initiate rotation towards 15° of pitch with all engines operative (approximately
12.5° if one engine is out) to get a positive rate of climb, then follow the SRS
Flight Director pitch bars orders.
When near the ground, avoid excessive rotation rate in order to prevent a tail
strike.
GO-AROUND .................................................................................. ANNOUNCE
PF announces: “GO AROUND, FLAPS”.
FLAPS lever ................................................................... RETRACT ONE STEP
PM retracts one step of flaps and announces “FLAPS _”.
If the FMA does not display MAN GA SOFT or MAN TOGA, immediately set the
thrust levers to the TOGA detent. Depending on the guidance modes during
approach, NAV mode is either automatically armed or automatically engaged.
For RNP AR, check that NAV mode engages immediately (minimum height
100 ft).
POSITIVE CLIMB ........................................................................... ANNOUNCE
PM checks FMA, Pitch Attitude, VSI, ALT and RAD ALT for indications of climb
and calls “positive climb”.
LANDING GEAR UP............................................................... ORDER/SELECT
NAV or HDG mode............................................................................. AS RQRD
Reselect NAV or HDG, as required (minimum height 100 ft).
AP........................................................................................................ AS RQRD
Note: Go-around may be flown with both autopilots engaged. Whenever
any other mode engages, AP 2 disengages.
• At F speed:
FLAPS 1 .................................................................................. ORDER/SELECT
• At S speed:
FLAPS 0 .................................................................................. ORDER/SELECT
GND SPLRS ..........................................................................................DISARM
LANDING GEAR............................................................................... CHECK UP
NOSE sw ......................................................................................................OFF
RWY TURNOFF sw ......................................................................................OFF
OTHER EXTERIOR LIGHTS .............................................................. AS RQRD
The virtual flight crew can maintain the LAND LIGHTS selector set to ON.
or
This is a confirmation to the other virtual pilot that the Commander has control.
“TOGA” .......................................................................................... ANNOUNCE
This is a confirmation to the other virtual pilot that the Commander is initiating a
balked landing procedure.
THRUST LEVERS .................................................................................... TOGA
PITCH .................................................................................................... ADJUST
Adjust Pitch in order to establish climb away from ground.
Do not pitch beyond the respective tail strike pitch limits for the type being flown.
This may mean holding the attitude or de-rotating to achieve an adequate pitch.
CAUTION: No configuration change (Gear/Flaps) until “Go Around” initiated.
Note: 1. Below 50 ft, due to Flight Control Laws, TOGA power may
provide a pitch-up effect. Do not attempt to soften the
(potential) second touchdown by increasing the pitch attitude.
If the approach was made in icing conditions, or if the runway was contaminated
with slush or snow, do not retract the flaps and slats until after engine shutdown
and after the ground crew has confirmed that flaps and slats are clear of
obstructing ice.
On A20N/A21N and aircraft modified with SETWA (Single Engine Taxi without
APU):
Delay APU start until around one minute prior to reaching parking stand.
Idle reverse thrust and normal thrust to maneuver during taxi (i.e. at or near idle),
are not considered as high thrust operations. Therefore, both of the following
applies:
If the flight crew uses idle reverse thrust for landing and normal thrust to
maneuver during taxi after landing, the cooling period starts when the
flight crew retards the thrust lever during the flare.
If the flight crew uses maximum reverse for landing, the cooling period
starts when the flight crew sets the thrust lever to idle reverse during the
landing rollout.
(A20N/A21N): Before engine shutdown, routine cooling periods that last
less than the required time, can result in engine degradation.
The final decision to taxi-in on a single engine will remain with the Commander
after compliance with the restrictions above and with due consideration to
aircraft weight, ramp conditions, taxi conditions and manoeuvring requirements.
Virtual crews should be aware of possible high power requirement (>40% N1)
with high weights. This possibility should be considered when deciding if OETA
is suitable.
No less than 3 minutes after high thrust operations, and when taxiing in a
straight line: (actions performed by PM and verbalized).
ENG 2 ............................................................................................ SHUT DOWN
Y ELEC PUMP ............................................................................................... ON
This avoids running the PTU.
3.21 PARKING
3.21.1 Taxi-in – Procedure
The Initial Taxi-in Will be Conducted by PF
At a convenient time prior to arrival at the designated parking area (when in a
straight line and tiller neutral), CM1 will take over control and complete the
parking manoeuvre.
Prior to refuelling:
CTR TK PUMPS/CTR XFR VALVES ...................................................OFF
Center Tank Fuel Pumps or Center Tank Transfer Valves (as installed)
shall be switched OFF to avoid pumps low pressure cautions or fuel
spillage during refuelling.
ENGINES ......................................................................................................OFF
CM1 checks the master levers and engines parameters on EWD.
On the MCDU POSITION MONITOR page, read the deviation of each IRS
position from the FMGC position and check that the value does not
exceed the following:
The parking brake must not be released under any circumstances without
ensuring that the aircraft is securely double chocked. If the parking brake is
released for any reason it must be set to ON as soon as possible.
EFB ........................................................................................................... STOW
DUs ............................................................................................................... DIM
Turn down (not off) all illuminated screens including MCDUs and ISIS.
Monitor the APU shutdown on ECAM; allow sufficient time for the FLAP OPEN
caption to disappear before turning off the batteries (See Below).
EMER EXIT LT ..............................................................................................OFF
NO SMOKING ...............................................................................................OFF
BAT 1 + 2 ......................................................................................................OFF
Wait until the APU flap is fully closed (amber XX displayed on ECAM APU page
or about 2 minutes after the APU AVAIL light goes out) before switching off the
batteries. Switching the batteries off before the APU flap is closed may cause
smoke in the cabin during the next flight. If the batteries are off while the APU is
running, there is no APU fire extinguishing.
ADIRS ...........................................................................................................OFF
CM1 checks all IR MODE selectors on the overhead panel.
OXYGEN .......................................................................................................OFF
CM1 checks the CREW SUPPLY pb on the OXYGEN overhead panel.
BATTERIES ..................................................................................................OFF
CM1 checks the BAT pb on the ELEC overhead panel.
4 SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The following procedures in this chapter are of the READ & DO types.
CLEARED TO START
Start first ENG (see note above).
WARNING: It is not permitted to start second engine using External
Pneumatic Power.
Use the normal engine start procedure.
The minimum recommended starter air supply pressure is 30 PSI, when the start
valve is open.
Two external pneumatic power units may be used in parallel, if the pressure/flow
relation is expected to be marginal.
BEFORE START
APU BLEED ..................................................................................................OFF
The BLEED valve of the running engine reopens and the crossbleed valve
closes.
ENG BLEED (running engine) ....................................................... CHECK ON
ENG BLEED (receiving engine)..................................................................OFF
The bleed valve of engine to be started is closed to eliminate reverse flow
leakage.
If the thrust required to obtain the appropriate engine bleed pressure exceeds
40 % N1, pay particular attention to the surrounding area.
RECEIVING ENGINE ............................................................................... START
Apply the normal engine start procedure.
Depending on the engine thermal state, the FADEC can command an automatic
dry cranking before the start of the engine. The dry cranking may last up to
approximately one minute.
AFTER START
THRUST LEVER (supplying engine) .........................................................IDLE
X BLEED ....................................................................................................AUTO
ENG BLEED (receiving engine)................................................................... ON
PACKS ............................................................................................. CHECK ON