6 JlamiacoBa TpaHC(|)opMaijnja

3aflaTaK 6.1

3a c/iefletie CMrHa/ie M3paMyHa™ Zlan/iacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje u oflroBapajytie o6/iac™

KOHBepreH4Mje (ROC- Region of Convergence), a 3aTMM HaijpTaTM pacnope/i, Hyca M no/ioBa.
(a) Ar(f) = sin(0/)zz(-f) (6) ^(f) = sin(®0f + ^-/4)w(f)

(b) x(t) = d(t + T)-d(t-T) (r) = e , a >0

(fl) x[l) = le'di[l), a>0 (Tj) Ar(f) = e ’ 'cos( ca( f j, a>0

Peiuen>e.

3aflaTaK tieMO peiuMTM KopmutiehbeM fle<f>MHtmnoHor M3pa3a 3a Zlan/iacoBy

TpaHC<f>opMa4Mjy

(6.1)

(a)
+°° 0 /d)of -/d)of -1 0 / \
= jsin(a)ot) u (-t) e~st dt = ------ e "dt =— j-e

0>
1 1 -(/<»„+s)f
2/ 7®0-s

1 11 1 jC0a+s + j(0a- s ®0
JO)0-s ’ 7®„+sJ 2/
2/ s2+^

nojacHMMO flOflaTHO Kano cy peiueHM oflpetjeHM MHTerpa/iM y npeixoflHOM M3pa3y. Hamwe,

peiuehbe npBor MHTerpa/ia

e(/®0-s)r|° =Ć?(A<I-J)O
 2 CHEHA/IH h CUCTEMU- PELUEHU 3AflAU,H

tie fla KOHBepmpa caivio ano B3>KM fla e -> 0. AKO npeflCTaBMMO KownvieKCHy
npoMeH/bMBy Kao s = Rejsj + /Im|sJ, yMahbunaij y npeTXOflHOM M3pa3y nocraje

e-i»>o = e’\ -a«+ImH "^{4“

ripBM fleo OBor M3pa3a npeflCTaB/ba HeKM KOMn/ieKcaH 6poj Koju ce Ha/ia3M Ha jeflMHMMHoj
Kpy>KHtmn y KOMn/ieKCHoj paBHM u He yTMMe Ha KOHBepreHijMjy M3pa3a, flOK flpyrn fleo
M3pa3a KOHBeprkipa ano u caivio ano B3>KM fla je Re{s]<0 u Ta/ja MMT3B M3pa3 Te>KM Hy/in.
flaK/ie 3a npBM oflpeljeHM MHTerpa/i y peiuehby 3aflaTKa o6/iacT KOHBepreH4Mje je no/iypaBaH
y KOMn/ieKCHoj s-paBHM onMcaHa HejeflHaMMHOM Re{s}<0. Ha C/IMM3H HantiH ce flo6nja fla je
o6/iacT KOHBepreHL^kije u 3a flpyrn oflpeljeHM MHTerpa/i y peiuehby TaKolje Re|s} < 0 .

Hy/ie u no/ioBM /lartnacoBe jeflHaMMHe npeflcraB/bajy KopeHe no/iMHOivia y 6pojno4y u

MMeHMopy /lan/iacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje, pecneKTMBHO. flaK/ie, ano HeKy /lan/iacoBy

TpaHC<f>opMa4njy npeflcraBMMO Kao OHfla cy Hy/ie flo6njajy peiuaBahbeM

jeflHaMMHe j = 0, flOK ce no/ioBM flo6njajy peiuaBahbeM jeflHaMMHe A(.sj = 0 . Ha ocHOBy Tora

MOweMO pehu fla OBa /lartnacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja Heiwa Hy/ia flOK cy no/ioBM y TaMKaivia
/?12=+/®0. 06/iacT KOHBepreHL^kije u pacnope/i, Hy/ia u no/ioBa cy npnKa3aHM Ha c.nmi,M 6.1,
npM neiviy ce Hy/ie npnKa3yjy Kao Kpy>Knhn, no/ioBM ce npnKa3yjy Kao Kpc™hn, flOK je o6/iacT
KOHBepreHL^kije npeflcraB/beHa Kao iupa<f>MpaHa no/iypaBaH. TeHepa/iHO ce Mowe pehu fla je
o6/iacT KOHBepreHL^kije CBanor ,,/ieBor" CHraa/ia (cnrHa.na Koju Tpaje o/i, po Henor KOHaMHor
BpeMeHa t ) 6ecKOHaMHa no/iypaBaH Koja ce npoTewe /ieBO o/i, no/ia mi u no/ioBa /lan/iacoBe
TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje TOT CHraa/ia.

C/iuua 6.1. 06/iacT KOHBepreHi^Mje u pacnope/i, Hy/ia u no/ioBa 3a CHraa/i nofl (a).
6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 3

(6)

e-stdt

+ *> <■<”>-> I- + "1)

41 iJo 4(M-5) -4(M+S)
LO

_ ^2 -0O + js-jma-s-ma + jma -js-s _4Ž <o0+s

4 -fi£-.y2 2 s2+ar0

C/IMMHO npeTXOflHOM npmviepy, o6a oflpeljeHa MHTerpa/ia mviajy M3paqyHaTe BpeflHoc™ y3

yc/ioB Re|.s'}>0, UTO npeflcraB/ba 06/iacT KOHBepreH4Mje. OBa /lannacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja
ma jeflHy Hyviy, zx =-O)a (Hy/ie tieivio o6e/ie>KaBa™ C/IOBOM Z), M flBa no/ia, p12=+j(D 06/iacT
KOHBepreH4Mje u pacnope/i, Hy/ia u no/ioBa cy npMKa3aHM Ha C/IMLJM 6.2. Kao y npeTXOflHOM
npmviepy, u OBfle r.wer.io M3BytiM 3aK/bynaK - 06/iacT KOHBepreHijMje CBanor „flecHor" CMrHana
(cnrHa/ia Koju Tpaje o/i, Henor KOHaMHor BpeivieHa t0 flo +°°) je 6ecKOHanHa nonypaBaH flecHO
o/i, nona M/IM no/ioBa /lannacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje.

Cnuna 6.2. O6/iacT KOHBepreHijMje u pacnope/i, Hy/ia u no/ioBa 3a cnrHa/1 no/i, (6).

(B) Ha ocHOBy oco6nHa flwpaKOBor mviny/ica ivio>Ke ce nwca™

X(s) = j + 7j- t>(r-T)]e:'dt = esr -e”

OBS /lannacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja je M3paqyHaTa 6e3 MK3KBMX orpaHMMehba, flaKne o6nacT

KOHBepreH4Mje 3a OBy /lannacoBy TpaHC<f>opMa4Mjy je MMTaBa s-paBaH. y 4M/by Hanawehba
Hyzia u no/ioBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje 3aMeHMM0 s = RejsJ + /[m|.s'} = 0' + ja, (7,a>e R. Ta/ja r.itwr.io
4 CHEHA/IH h CUCTEMU- PELUEHU 3AflAU,H

nMcaTM fla je

\/ esT ^sT ^(<y+la}T g aT' e>‘aT

Kano Ba>KM fla 3a CB3KO ae R, eal >0 u Kano 3a CB3KO a»e R, e’“T je Koivin/ieKCHM 6poj Ha
jeflMHMMHoj Kpy>KHM4M, r.iozKe ce 33K/byMMTM fla MMeHunaij /lannacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje
HHKa/i, He r.iozKe fla 6yfle jeflHaK 0, T3KO fla r.wer.io pehu fla OBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja Heivia
nonoBa. Hyne /lartnacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje ce flo6njajy yxonHKO je McnyhbeH ycnoB fla je
e°Te’aT =±1. OBaj yc/ioB ce CBOflM Ha e"r(cos®7' + ysin®7’) = ±l. AKO OBy jeflHaMMHy, 3Hajytin fla
je eaT MMCTO pea/iaH no3HTMB3H 6poj, pa3flBojMMO Ha peiuaBahbe flBe jeflHaMMHe no pea/iHOM
u MMarMHapHOM fleziy, flo6ntieMO fla Mopa 6MTM ncnyH>eHO eal cos(i)T = ±1 u sin<y7’ = 0.
PeiuaBahbeM no MMarMHapHOM fleziy, flo6njaMO fla je Oki' = kjt, ke Z . 3a CB3KO (OT = k.~ flo6nja
ce fla flo6nja ce fla je cos<y7’ = ±l, 3aBMCHO o/i, Tora fla TIM je k napHO M/IM HenapHO. Tafla, fla 6M
6MO McnyhbeH ycnoB no peanHOM fleziy eaT cos ooT = ±1, Mopa fla B3>KM fla je eal =1, Tj. <7 = 0.
flaKne, OBa /lannacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja mvia 6ecKOHaMHO MHOTO Hyna Ha MMarMHapHoj
ocu Koje MOweMO onMcaTM ca z =jk7t!T, k&TL, 7 = 1,2,3,-, u Heivia nonoBa. O6/iacT
KOHBepreHL^Mje u pacnope/i, Hy/ia cy npnKa3aHM Ha cnn4H 6.3.

C/iuoa 6.3. O6/iacT KOHBepreHL^Mje u pacnope/i, Hy/ia u no/ioBa 3a cnrHa/1 no/i, (B).

(r) OBaj 3aflaTaK tieivio penju™ pa3flBajaH>eM Ha flBa ckimana, OAHOCHO MHTerpa/ia. npBM

cnrHa/1 Hena je ,,/ieBM", a flpyrn „flecHM", Tj. e = c',"z/(-fj + c',"z/(fj. Ta/ja je

+°O Q +°° đ |0 1 l+oo

X s = e e dt= e e dt + e e dt = ------------------------------------ e H— ------- -e
£ i i a~s -(a + s) lo
6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 5

1 1 _a + s + a-s _ 2a
a-s a + s a2-s2 a2-s2

CkiCTeivi Henna Hy/ia u mvia flBa no/ia, zx=a u z =-a. 06/iacT KOHBepreH4Mje 3a npBM MHTerpa/i,
Tj. 3a ,,/ieBn" CMraan je đ-Rejsj >0, Tj. Re|.s'} <a, flOK je o6nacT KOHBepreH4Mje 3a flpyrn
MHTerpa/i, Tj. 3a „flecHM" CMman đ + Rejs} >0, Tj. Rejsj >-a . KoHanHO, mome ce nwca™ fla je
ROC:-a<RejsJ <a, Tj. npeceK nojeflMHanHMX o6/iac™ KOHBepreH4Mje. HanoMeHMMO fla o6.nacr
KOHBepreH4Mje nocTojM jep je y nocTaB4M 3aflaTKa npeTnocTaB/beHO fla je a>0. y cynpoTHOM,
o6/iacT KOHBepreH4Mje 6M 6MO npa3aH CKyn Tanana, Tj. /lannacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja He 6M
nocToja/ia. nonoBM u o6nacT KOHBepreH4Mje cy npnKa3aHM Ha C/IMIJM 6.4. Ha ocHOBy peiuehba
OBor 3aflaTKa r.wer.io /ja M3BefleMO jotu je/jaH BawaH u nopMCTaH 3aK/bynaK. Hamvie,
/lan/iacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje CMmana xt (f) = M = cy MCTe u
M3Hoce

, a caMO MM ce pa3/iMKyjy o6/iac™ KOHBepreHi^Mje, RO^:RejsJ>-a u

ROC,: RejsJ <-a .

C/iuua 6.4. 06/iacT KOHBepreHi^Mje u pacnope/i, Hyna u no/ioBa 3a CMrHan no/i, (r).

nocMaTpajMO npBM ca6npaK y npeTXOflHOM M3pa3y. OH tie fla KOHBeprMpa caivio ano je
 6 CHEHA/IH h CUCTEMU- PELUEHU 3AflAU,H

-1
lim ------- = lim
3+s

a TO je McnyhbeHO ano u caivio ano je đ + Rejs} > 0, Tj. RejsJ >-a . Ta/ja je fla/be
y3 ycnoB fla je Tanolje Rejsj >-a . OBaj ycnoB npeflcraB/ba o6nacT KOHBepreHL^nje. /lan/iacoBa

TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja Heivia Hyna u mwa flBOCTpyKM no/i p , = -a . 06/iacT KOHBeprem^Mje u

no/ioBM cy npMKa3aHM Ha 6.5. Tanolje je npnKa3aHO nano ce o6e/ie>naBajy flBOCTpynn

no/ioBM, nao

flBa 6/incKa Kpc™ha. Ha c/innaH HaMMH ce npnna3yjy u BmuecTpyne Hyne.

C/iuua 6.5. 06/iacT KOHBepreH4Mje u pacnope/i, Hyna u no/ioBa 3a cnrHa/1 no/i, (fl).

(1j) H OBaj 3aflaTaK heMO C/IMMHO, nao no/i, (r), petitu™ pa3flBajaH>eM Ha flBa ctirHa/ia, Tj.

AKO je 3a npBy ymacTy 3arpafly y npeTXOflHOM M3pa3y McnyrbeHO fla je Re|.s'} <a, a 3a flpyry

yr/iacry 3arpafly fla je RejsJ >-a, fla/be r.iotKer.io ritica™ fla je

 6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 7

2 a + j(i)Q-s a-jtt)Q-s 2(a-/a L+-5- -s

-2a 52 - a + /®0H
a-s ( a+s (a +®„)
2

(a-s)2 +a?0 (a + s)2+^ (a-s)2 (a + -s-)2+®oj

flaK/ie, o6/iacr KOHBepreH4Mje je (y3 ncnytt>eH yc/ioB fla je a>0) -a < Re|.s_j <a. /lartnacoBa

TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja mvia flBe Hy/ie z4, = +y]a2 + <u3 u Me™pn no/ia: p1.,34 = ±a±j(O.. 06/iacr

KOHBepreH4Mje u pacnope/i, Hy/ia u no/ioBa cy npMKa3aHM Ha cntmti 6.6.

C/iuua 6.6. 06/iacT KOHBepreH4Mje u pacnope/i, Hy/ia u no/ioBa 3a cnrHa/i no/i, (1j).

3aflaTaK 6.2

H3panyHa™ cnrHa/i y BpeMeHCKOM flOweHy, ^(/j, npmvieHOM MHBep3He /lartnacoBe

TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje:

(a) -Y(-y)=5.2^_2' ReH>2 (5) *(s} = s/Ss_2. -l<Re{s}<2

(b) Jf(s) = , 3S , Re{s}<-1 (r) Jf(s) = —, Re|s}<0

s" - s - 2 v ' <r+4 1J

(fl) jr(s) = ^±l, Re{s}>-2

(h) V - +4s + 5
(e) x(s)=-^L 0<Re{s}<l (0) -M-*’! „2 Re{s}>-2
s +4s+6

-l<Re(s}<!
 8 CHEHA/IH h CUCTEMU- PELUEHU 3AflAU,H

Peuiebbe.

MHBep3Ha /laruiacoBa TpaHc4>opMau,nja je fle^kiHkicaHa peyiau,njoM

(6.2)

OBaj M3pa3 ce, 36or CBoje c/ioweHoc™, Kopne™ caivio y cmyaijMjaMa xa/ja je TO HeonxoflHO, Tj.
Kafla ce Hexmvi -naKiumvi nocrynKOM He r.ioixe Oflpefln™ /lartnacoBa TpaHC<f>opivia4Mja.
VKO/IMKO je <f>yHK4tija y <f>peKBeH4njcKOM floweHy papHOHasiHa <f>yHK4nja Koja ce
jeflHOCTaBHO rviosxe <f>aKTopnca™, Tj. pa3flBojMTM Ha napijuja/iHe pa3/iOMKe, OHfla ce
MHBep3Ha /lartnacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4tija jeflHocraBHO flo6nja yxo/iMKO ce 3Hajy /lan/iacoBe
TpaHC<f>opivia4Mje OCHOBHMX <f>yHK4tija n no3Hajy ocHOBHa npaBM/ia Be3aHa 3a o6/iacr
KOHBepreHL^nje /lan/iacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4tije. Ha Taj HannH tieMO n peiutiTM OBaj 3aflaTaK.

(a) /lan/iacoBa TpaHC<f>opivia4Mja je flpyror pe/ja, Tj. mvia flBa no/ia, n rviosxe ce
<|>aKTopM3OBaTM Ha C/iefletlM H3MMH
_ A , ri
(s-2)(s + l) s-2 s + 1

Koe<f>tmnjeHTe p n r, je jeflHOCTaBHO Oflpefln™, a/in rvtosxervio HaBecrn M3pa3 Kaxo ce OB3KBM

Koe<f>tmnjeHTM reHepa/iHO Oflpeljyjy. VKO/IMKO Hexa <f>yHK4nja mvia N jeflHOCTpyxnx no/ioBa,
OHa ce rviosxe <|>aKTopM3OBaTM Ha c/iefletin HannH

(6.3)

rfle cy ca pt o6e/ie>xeHM pa3/iMMMTH jeflHOCTpykn no/ioBki <f>yHK4nje, a ca b je o6e/ie>xeH

c/io6oflaH M/13H Koju nocTojn caivio yxo/mKO cy CTeneHM no/ixiHoivia y 6pojno4y n mvieHHOLW
MCTM (xofl pea/iHMX <|>yHK4Mja, creneH no/ixiHoivia y 6pojno4y He r.io»e /ja 6yfle Betin o/i, creneHa

no/iMHOMa y mvieHHOLw) n jeflHax je oflHocy Koe<f>xmnjeHaTa y3 M/iaH SH y 6pojno4y, Bo (.s'), n

mvieHkioLW, (.s'). Ta/ja ce Koe<f>xmnjeH™ rk Mory Oflpefln™ Kopmutiehbeivi <|>opiviy/ie
ripmvieTMTM fla npn/iMKOM npmvieHe M3pa3a (6.4) 3a flo6njahbe Koe<f>xmnjeHaTa r , creneH
no/iMHOMa y 6pojno4y, /?(/'), Mopa 6MTM iviaxbn o/i, creneHa no/ixiHoivia y mvieHHOLW, z'l( .s'), n
fla Koe<f>kmnjeHT y3 HajBmun creneH, sH, y no/inHoiviy A (.s') Mopa 6MTM jeflHax 1. flax/ie, Ha
ocHOBy (6.4) flo6nja ce fla/be fla je

1- H (6.4)
s
-pt
6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 9

3s 3s _ p r2 _ 2 1
(s--2)(s- + l) s-2 + s + l s-2 + s + l
s2-s-2

Kano je (Kao y 3aflaTKy 6.1.(fl)) 3a „flecHti" CMrHa/i C^c = , Re{s}>-đ, a

3a

,,/ieBM" CMrHa/i C\-c'! u

(-T )} =—-—. Re{s}<-đ, wo>Ke ce ntica™ fla je

^(f)=r1{^(5)}=r1{-^}+r1{-^}=2e2cw(f)+e-cw(f)

(6) (t>yHK4Mja -V(.s') ce <f>aKTopn3yje Ha MCTM HantiH Kao y T3MKM (a), a c o63npoM Ha 3a,qaTy

o6nacr KOHBepreH4Mje MOtKewo ritica™ fla je

x (f) = -2e2fu (-f) + c ';/ (>)

oflHOCHO npBOM napijHja/iHOM pa3/iOMKy oflroBapa „neBM" cnrHa/1 jep je Re{s}<-2, a flpyroM

napijHja/iHOM pa3/iOMKy oflroBapa „flecHti" cnrHa/1 jep je RejsJ >-l.

(B) H y OBOM cnynajy ce /lannacoBa TpaHcrfropMaijtije <f>aKTopn3yje Ha ne™ HantiH. Kano je

o6nacr KOHBepreHL^nje Re{s}<-1 o6a napijHja/iHa pa3/iOMKa npeflCTaB/bajy /lannacoBe
TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje „neBMx" cnrHana, Tj.

Re{5} > 0, MoweMO ritica™ fla je

A’(r)=-cos(2r)z/(-r)

jep OBaKO 3aflaTa o6nacr KOHBepreHijtije yKa3yje Ha ,,/ieBti" cnrHa/i.

(fl) 3aflaTy /lannacoBy TpaHcrfropMaijtijy r.wer.io 3antica™ Ha flpy ran nj ti HantiH

y(.sJ = lJ±l = 2-—

V > s+2 s+2

C o63tipoM fla je = ROC : , a fla je 3aflaTa o6nacT KOHBepreHU,nje Re{s}>-2,

MOtKeMO ntica™ fla je

x (t) = 2<y(t) - 3c 2fu (f)

(1j) riOTiMHOM y MMeHMopy oBe /lannacoBe TpaHcrfropMaijtije tirvia flBa KopeHa y TaiKawa p2 =-

2 ti p2 = -3. To cy yjeflHO ti nonoBti OBe <|>yHK4tije. Kano je ti no/itiHOM y tirvieHnoij,y flpyror pe/ja,
10 CHEHA/IH h CUCTEMU- PELUEHU 3AflAU,H

fla 6MCMO M3paMyHa/in MHBep3Hy 71 a nn a co By TpaHC<f>opMa4tijy, noTpe6HO je npBO <j>y H

KLi,tijy <f>aKTopn3OBa™ Ha HantiH Kao y (6.3), a 3aTMM M3paqyHa™ Koe<f>tmtijeHTe r

npmvieHOM rfropiwyne (6.4). flaK/ie, r.wer.io ritica™ fla je

y(5kr+4^+5-l 5+1 -i -i -1 _________ 2

.s-'+5.s' + 6 (.S- + 2)(.S' + 3) S+2S+3 S+2S+3

Ha ocHOBy 3aflaTe o6nac™ KOHBepreHL^nje Moimio petiti fla cy y ntrratby „flecHti" ctirHa/iu, Te je

x(f) = 8[t) + e ~' u (t)-2c‘! u (f)

(e) no/itiHOM y MMeHMopy je neTBpTor pe/ja ti wo>Ke ce <|>aKTopti3OBaTti Ha cne/jetiM HantiH:

.v4-1 =(.<>■'+l ) = (.v-l )(.v + l )(.v'+1). 3aflaTaK r.ioiKer.io peutiTti nptiMeHOM pe/iai^tija (6.3) ti (6.4),

tiMajytiti y Btifly fla cy KopeHti jeflHOCTpyKti ti ti3Hoce p2=l, p2=-l, p3 = j ti p = -j, oflHOCHO /lannacoBa

TpaHC<f>opMa4tija ce wo>Ke 3annca™ Kao

2s2 p r 2 r3 r3
(s-l)(s + l)(s-7j(s + 7)“ .s--l+ .s- + l+ s-j + s+j

Tafla cy Heno3Ha™ Koe<f>tmtijeHTti jeflHaKti:

2s2

(S + 1F+1)
1
2

2/

2s2 1j
p-l)(s-7j“-2/“2

3a OBaKO 3aflaTy o6nacT KOHBepreHijtije r.iojKewo /ja KatKewo /ja npBOM napijHja/iHOM
pa3/iOMKy, oflHOCHO npBOM nony p3 oflroBapa ,,/ieBti" ctirHan, flpyroM nony oflroBapa „flecHti"
ctirHa/i, ti no/ioBHMa p3 ti /?, oflroBapajy „flecHti" ctirHanti. flaK/ie, uoi+ier.io KOH3MHO fla ntnuewo fla
je
6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 11

riOMeHMMO jotu fla 6e3 o63npa UTO je 3aflaTaK ypaljeH Ha OBaj H3MMH, Tj. Tpaww/iM CMO MempH
Koe<f>M4MjeHTa, o/i, Kojnx 2 oflroBapajy KOMn/ieKCHMM eKcnoHeH4nja/iHMM cnrHa/imvia y
BpeivieHCKOM flOweHy, noc/ie cpeIjMBahba ce flo6nja fla no/ioBmvia p3 u p. oflroBapa je/jaH
pea/iaH CMHyconfla/iHH cnrHa/i. TeHepa/iHO, Ka/ja ce KOMn/ieKCHM no/ioBM nojaB/byjy y
KOhbyroBaHO-KOMn/ieKCHMM napoBMMa, K>HM3 yBex oflroBapajy pea/iHM CMHyconfla/iHH min
npnryiueHM CMHyconfla/iHH cnrHa/in. C3MOCT3/IHM KOMn/ieKCHM eKcnoHeH4Mja/iHM cnrHa/in
ce Mory flo6nTM y BpeMeHCKOM floweHy caMO ano nocroje HeKM KOMn/ieKCHM no/ioBM Koju
Hewajy CBoje KOhbyroBaHO-KOMn/ieKCHe napoBe.

(>K) 3aflaTa /lan/iacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja je neTBpTor pe/ja u Mowe ce peiuMTM Ha C/IMM3H

HaMMH Kao u npeTXOflHM npmviep, a/in tieMO OBfle noKa3a™ u flpyrn HaMMH. Hamvie,

flaK/ie no/ioBM OBor CMCTeMa ce flo6njajy peiuaBahbeM jeflHaMMHa s' + 2s + 2 = 0 u s1 -2s +2 u

OHM M3Hoce z =-l±/ u z 4 = 1 ±j . 14 6MHOMM y MMeHMopy u no/ioBM Hac ynytiyjy Ha TO fla cnrHa/1

y BpeivieHCKOM flOMeHy npeflcraB/ba 36np nceyflonepnoflHMHMX cnrHa/ia jep je cos( a>/)u(t)} =

-------------------------------------- ----------- u £•{<“' sinjfti/ )u(t)} = ---------------- . tPaKTopMsai^Hjy

(s + đ) + &% (s + a)* +cac

heMO cnpoBecTM Ha cviefletiM H3MMH:

4s As+B Cs + D
(a2 +25- + 2)(5-2-25-+2) S2+2S + 2 S2-2S + 2

Koe<f>M4MjeHTe A, B, C u D tieMO flo6n™ T3KO UTO M/iaHOBe y flecHoj jeflHaKocm n0MH0>KMM0

ca MMeHMOL^eM u M3jeflHaMMMO Koe<f>M4MjeHTe y3 oflroBapajyhe creneHe npoMeH/bMBe s
. l"IOTpe6HO je peiuMTM CMCTew o/i, MempM jeflHaMMHe ca 4 Heno3HaTe:

S-3:T1 + C = 0 S1 : -2A + B + 2C + D = 0 s: 2A-2B + 2C + 2/2 = 4 s°:2B + 2D = 0

PeiuaBahbeM ce flo6nja fla je A = C = 0, B = -l u D = 1. flaK/ie

Kano je o6/iacT KOHBepreH4Mje -1 < RejsJ <1, npBOM napijHja/iHOM pa3/iOMKy oflroBapa
„flecHM" cnrHa/1, a flpyroM napijHja/iHOM pa3/iOMKy oflroBapa „neBM" cnrHavi, Te je

= sin(f)w(-f) = -e ' sinf

3aflaTaK 6.3
12 CHEHA/IH h CUCTEMU- PELUEHU 3AflAU,H

npmvieHOM Ta6/itme u oco6MHa tlannacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje M3paqyHa™ o6nac™

KOHBepreH4Mje u tlannacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje c/iefletikix CMrHana:

(a) = (6) A’(7) = Ev'{t’ ','z/(7j},j>0

(b) %(z) = e""'z/(z) (r) =

(fl) | = cos(®0t)w(-t) (b) r(t)=if(t)*s(t)

t
(e) x(t) (>K) A-(7)= j” c'-z/(-r)ć/r, a>0

Petuen>e.

(a) 3Hajytin fla je C^e =, ROC: Re{s} >-a, M3pa3 Moreno TpaHC<f>opMMca™ Ha
C/iefletlM H3MMH

,-ato

na MMajytiM y BMfly oco6nHy noMepahba y BpeMeHCKOM floweHy u c o63npoM fla je eaf“

KOHcraHTHa BpeflHOCT, MOweMO nwca™ fla je

y(.?) = c " —c' ROC:Re{s}>-đ

(6) napHM fleo HeKor CMraana ce fle<f>MHmue Kao Ev|y(Zj| = ------------------- ----- . Kano je Haiu

cnrHa/1 Kay3anaH, HberoB napHM fleo tie mam u Kay3anHM u 3HTMKay3a/iHM fleo na, cxoflHO
Towe, o6nacr KOHBepreHijMje Mopa 6MTM orpaHMMeHa. TeHepa/iHO B3>KM fla je:
6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 13

£M“f)}= f y[-t)e-stdt= J y(/!)c" (-^)= f y[^esidX = Y(-s)

y HaiueM cnyiajy je y(f) = e u y(s) = ---------- , Re{s}>-đ. KoptiCTehti u oco6tiHy

/lMHeapHOCTM r.wer.io fla nmueMO

a

npBOM M/iaHy y yr/iacToj 3arpaflti oflroBapa Kay3a/iHM cnrHa/i ca o6/iaiu1iy KOHBepreHfltije Rejsj

>-a, flOK flpyroM M/iaHy y npeixoflHOM M3pa3y OflroBapa aHTMKay3a/iHM (,,/ieBn") cnrHa/i ca

o6/iaiu1iy KOHBepreHfltije Re{s}<đ, T3KO fla je KOH3MHO o6nacT KOHBepreHfltije -đ<Re{s}<đ, LUTO

Mowe 6trrti ncnyrbeHO 3axBa/byjytin npeTnocTaBflti fla je a>0. ripmvie™™ C/IMMHOCT pe3y/iTaTa ca

3afl,aTKOM 6.1. (r).

(B) MwajytiM y Btifly oco6tiHy MOfly/iafltije, Tj. noMeparba y <|>peKBeHfltijcKOM floweHy r.wer.io
ritica™ fla je

a o6/iacT KOHBepreHfltije je RejsJ > 0 c O63MPOM fla je y ntrrarby Kay3a/iHM cnrHa/i.

(r) AKO MCKopMCTMMO pe3y/iTaT3aflaTKa 6.1. (r), C\e ' ) = ------- , -a<Re{s}<a, u oco6tiHy
' 1 a2-s2
flM<f>epeH4npahba y BpeweHCKOM flOweHy, r.wer.io ritica™ fla je

^(s-) = — ----- ROC: -a<Re{s}<a

(fl) HwajytiM y Btifly fla je £{cos(® = —, Rcl.si >0 , wo^er.io flnpeKTHO ritica™
l /J 5-2+®O

fla je %(.$’) =—, Re{5-}<0.

s +a0

ajytiti fla je r(zz(f)} =

fla je £{r(f)} = X(s) = JT y3 o6nacT KOHBepreHfltije RejsJ > 0.

MOKeMO ni/icaTM

(1j) KoptiCTehti oco6tiHy KOHBonyfltije y BpeweHCKOM flOweHy ti 3H

14 CHEHA/IH h CUCTEMU- PELUEHU 3AflAU,H

Re{s}>-đ u KopMCTetiM oco6MHy flM<f>epeH4npahba y

(e) 3HajyTi ti fla je £^e afw(f)J =
(bpeKBemiMjcKOM noweHy, r.wer.io ritica™ na je = 1) I—-
—| = — y3
VV ' r/Hs + d (s + a)3 o6nacT

KOHBeprermnje Re{s}>-đ.

(m) Kano je = --------- , Re{s}<đ, Koptnutierbe« oco6nHe tiHTerpana y

BpeweHCKOM floweHy MomeMO ritica™ fla je X(s) = ------- ----- r. Kano je ctirHan y BpeweHCKOM
s(s-đ)
floweHy HeorpaHtiMeH, Tj. fle<f>tiHticaH je 3a CB3KO t o/i, +°°, o6nacr KOHBeprermtije
/lannacoBe TpaHcrfropMaijtije OBaKBor cnrHana Mopa 6MTM orpaHtineHa. C o63tipoM Ha nonomaj

nonoBa <j>yHKi4tije -V(.s') ti ycnoB y nocTaBijti 3aflaTKa (a > 0), MomeMO ntica™ fla je o6nacT

KOHBepreHijtije 0 < RejsJ <a .

Kao flOflaTHti flOKa3 nocneflhberTBpljehba, ti3paqyHajMO a Han tatin Kti o6ntiK cnrHana x(t),

t<0 —eaT
\fdr, a
0 —.

f c"dr' t>0 -eaT

-M a

1,
=—e u
a

OntimeflHO je fla npBOM aHTtiKay3anHOM fleny cnrHana oflroBapa /lannacoBa TpaHcrfropMaijtija

11
%! (.$') = ---------- ca o6naiu1iy KOHBepreHijtije Re{s}<đ, flOK flpyroM Kay3anHOM fleny

cnrHana oflroBapa /lannacoBa TpaHcrfropMaijtija = — ca o6naiu1iy KOHBepreHijtije

Rel.s'j- >0, T3KO fla je 3aticra %(.$') = —- ------ - ca o6naiu1iy KOHBepreHijtije 0< RejsJ <a .
s(s-đ)
6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 15

3aflaTaK 6.4

HatiM M3/ia3, y (f), CMCTeMa Koju je onMcaH <|>yHK4MjoM npeHoca

s+2
"(*) = s 2 + 2s-3
3a CBaKM ofl c/iefletiMX y/ia3a no/i, npeiriocTaBKOM fla je CMCTeM CTa6nnaH.
(a) Ar(f) = zz(f) (6) Ar(f) = zz(-f)

(b) x(t} = c2!u(t} (r) A-(> ) = C 2'

(fl) A’(>) = <y(>) + C' 2'z/(>) (b) =

(e) x(t) = d(t) + u(-t) (>K) Ar(f) = ^(f)-3zz(-f)

Petuen>e.

(a) Ofl3MB HeKor/lTU ckicreivia, KOMe je flaT MMny/icHM 0fl3MB, Ha npon3BO/bHM y/ia3HM

CMraa/i ce flo6wja Kao KOHBO/iy4Mja y BpeweHCKOM flOweHy mviny/icHor 0fl3MBa CMCTewa,

A(f), u y/ia3a y CMCTeM x(t), Kao LUTO je npMKa3aHO Ha C/IMIJM 6.7. YKO/IMKO npeljeMO y

<|>peKBeH4MjcKM flOMeH, Tj. flOMeH /lartnacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje, MO>KeMO nMcaTM fla je

K (.sj =//(.sj -X(.s'), npM neMy cy ca K(.s'), H^s] M -Vj-s') o6e/ie>KeHe /lartnacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje

M3/ia3Hor CMrHa/ia, MMny/icHor 0fl3MBa M y/ia3Hor CMraa/ia, pecneKTMBHO. AKO ce Ha OBaj

H3MMH M3panyHa ^(.sj, npMMeHOM MHBep3He /lartnacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje ce /iaKO MO>Ke

flotiM flo M3pa3a 3a M3/ia3HM CMrHa/i, y (f), y BpeMeHCKOM flOMeHy.

C/iuKa 6.7. H3panyHaBahbe 0fl3MBa TITU CMcreMa y BpeMeHCKOM M <|>peKBeH4MjcKOM

flOMeHy
y nocTaBijM 3aflaTKa je Har/iaiueHO fla je CMCTeMa CTa6M/iaH. no fle<f>MHM4MjM je CMCTeM
y
/lan/iacoBOM flOMeHy cra6M/iaH yKO/iMKO MMarMHapHa oca .v-paBHM, OAHOCHO oca s = j(o,
 16 CHEHA/IH h CUCTEMU- PELUEHU 3AflAU,H

npnna/ja o6nac™ KOHBeprermnje. Hatjmvio MMny/icHM 0fl3MB cncTewa, h(t\, u 06/iacT

KOHBepreH4Mje. Mo»e ce ritica™ fla je

s+2 _l/4 3/4

s2+2s-3 5 + 3 5-1

Kano je no ycnoBy 3aflaTKa cncTew CTa6nnaH, MMny/icHM 0fl3MB je y3 06/iacT KOHBeprermnje

ROC: -3<Re{s}<!

npeceK OBe o6nac™ KOHBeprermnje ca o6naiu1iy KOHBeprermnje Koja ce flo6nja npnntiKOM

M3panyHaBahba /lannacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4nje yna3a ce Mopa Kopne™™ npnntiKOM
M3panyHaBahba MHBep3He /lannacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4nje 3a flo6njatt>e M3/ia3Hor cnraa/ia y
BpeweHCKOM floweHy.

(a) /lannacoBa TpaHcrfropMaijMja yna3Hor cn mana je

Re{.s'} > 0

JeflHOCTaBHO ce flo6nja fla je

s+2 _-l/12 3/4 -2/3

+ 5 + 3 +s-l+ 5

oflaK/ie je, y3MMajytin y o63np fla je o6nacT KOHBeprermnje 0 < Re•{.$'} < 1,
/ 1 -3t / ,1 3t/ 2
f = ------- e u\t\ — eVu -f ---- U\t}
' 12 \ / 4 > 3v'
(6) OBfle je y(.s') =—, Re{s} < 0 na je

^+2 1/12 -3/4 2/3

> s(s + 3)(s-l) 5 + 3 5-1 s
f e w f + efw f w f
^( ) = ^ ^ ( ) | (- )-| (- )

(B) Re
{4>-2
 6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 17

5+2 1 -1/4 1/4

(5+3), H (5 + (5-1) (5+3)(5-l) 5+3 5-1
/X 1 -3t
3)
+ =—e u\t\- —e u -f
\) 4 \) 4v’
(r) y OBOM npmviepy je, Ha ocHOBy 3aflaTka 6.1. (r).

-4
-2<Re{s}<2
(s+2)(s-2)

na je

- -4(.
y+ _______ -4 _______ 1/5 1 -4/5
—— + -- + 2) (s + 3)(s-1)(s-2) —-—
5+3 5- (5 + 2) + -2. |(5 + 3) (5-!) 1 s-2

Kano je o6/iacT kOHBepreH4Mje y OBOM c/iynajy -2< Re{5} <1, M3/ia3HM cnrHa/1 je

y(f ) = -|e-3^f)-e4/(-f) + |e“w(-f)

(fl) CnrHa/1 y BpeMeHCkOM flOMeHy je cynepno3tmnja flnpakOBor HMny/ica u y/ia3a y3 Tanke (B).
CTora je M3/ia3HM cnrHa/1 jeflHak 36npy HMny/icHor 0fl3MBa CMCTewa u 0fl3MBa M3 Tanke (B),
Tj.

y(f)=A(f)+yB(f)=^-3cw(f)-|ecw(-f)-ie-3cw(f)-iecw(-f)=-ecw(-f)

(1j) C/iMHHO npeTXOflHOM, 0fl3MB je cynepno3M4nja HMny/icHor 0fl3MBa u 0fl3MBa M3 Tanke

(a)

(1 -3r (.A 3f/'j 1 _3t l \ 3t/\ 2 l.\ 1 -3r /\2/\

f =-e w f —e u -f - ----- e u[t\ —e u -f =-e Z7f+-Z7f
v> 4 v> 4vM l2 v1
4v’ 3 ’
v
3 V/3v/

(e) OBfle je 0fl3MB jeflHak cynepno3tmnjn HMny/icHor 0fl3MBa u 0fl3MBa M3 Tanke (6), OAHOCHO

(>k) ripMMeHOM npnH4Mna cynepno3tmnje, C/IMHHO npeTXOflHoj Tanku, flo6wja ce fla je

3aflaTak 6.5

Pa3/iarahbeM Ha napijHja/iHe pa3/iOMke u kopmutiehbeM M3pa3a 3a pe3Mflya/ie (ocTaTke) 3a

Bmuecrpyke no/ioBe, Hahn M3/ia3, y (t), CMCTewa koju je onkicaH MMny/icHMM 0fl3MB0M h(t} 3a

y/ia3HM cnrHa/1 x(t).

18 CMTHAAM M CMCTEMM - REUJEHM 3AflAl^M

(a) A(f) = c 'z/jf j, xit'\ = tc 2tu{t]

(6) | = 2c 'z/jf),
x(f) = _f2„(_f)
(B) A(f) = te2fw(-f)

Petuen>e.

y npaKCM ce necTO cpetiy CHmanM M CMCTewM qnje /lannacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje mwajy

BMuecTpyKe nonoBe. HajjeflHOCTaBHMjM HaiMH 3a Hanawehbe MHBep3He /lannacoBe
TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje y TOM cnynajyje nptiMeHa <|>opMyne 3a pe3Mflyane (ocraTKe).
npemocTaBHMO fla MMaMO /lannacoBy TpaHC<f>opMa4Mjy Koja je o6nnKa

i 7?(s) B[s}
i. XJV I \N I \I \
(s-pp(s) (5-pf(5-A)(5-p2)...

npki qeMy no/iMHOMM M MMajy jeflHOCTpyKe Me1jyco6HO pa3nnMMTe KopeHe o/i,

Kojwx

HMjeflaH Huje jeflHaK nony p . 3a OBaKBy /lannacoBy TpaHC<f>opMa4Mjy r.wer.io pehu fla ma non
y T3MKM p BmuecTpyKOCTM N. HHBep3Ha /lannacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja ce r.we Hahn
pa3naratt>eM Ha napijMjanHe pa3noMKe u TO Ha cne/jetiM H3MMH

(6.5)

Koe<f>M4MjeH™ r , p, ... ce flo6njajy nptiMeHOM M3pa3a (6.4) 3a jeflHOCTpyKe nonoBe flOK ce

OCT34M 3a BmuecTpyKM non a,/= 1,2,...,7V flo6njajy nptiMeHOM <|>opMyne

(6.6)

(a) Ofl3MB y BpeMeHCKOM flOMeHy tieMO oneT AO6MTM peiuaBahbeM y <|>peKBeH4MjcKOM

flOMeHy, a 33TMM npMMeHMTM MHBep3Hy/lannacoBy TpaHC<f>opMa4Mjy. JeflHOCTaBHO
ceflo6nja nptiMeHOM oco6nHa /lannacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje u Ta6nn4a fla je fla/be je
6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 19

Koe<f>M4MjeHT i\ ce flo6nja npmvieHOM <f>opiviyne (6.4), Tj.

a Koe<f>tmnjeHTM ar u a, cy, Ha ocHOBy <f>opiviyne (6.6), jeflHaKM

.. 1 d 1 / \2 d 1 -1
a, = lim --------- = lim— = lim
1 ^V.ds ------------------ -5+2 2
ds S' + l ;■ 2
_(s + l)(s + 2f
1 ^ = -1

flaK/ie, flo6nja ce fla je

-1

Ofla K/ie je

(6) 4>yHK4Mja npeHoca u /lannacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja yna3a cy

pecneKTMBHO na je

Pe3Mflyann cy

1- 1 d" 4 s3 -4lim 1 -2 lim d -1

a, = lim -------- - = 2 lim——
s->0 {
2 "'!l ds1
1 2! ds1 s+1 <» ds
[(-i)2]
.. 1 d 4 -4
a, =lim—— = lim
> '!l 1! ds s + 1 5->0

a, =lim—
^0 si na ce Kj.sj r.ioiKe Hankica™ Kao
20 CHEHA/IH h CUCTEMU- PELUEHU 3AflAU,H

a npmvieHOM MHBep3He /lannacoBe TpaHC<f>opMa4Mje, BOflefin panyHa o o6nacTM

KOHBepreH4Mje -1 < RejsJ < 0, ce flo6wja fla je

y(f) = 4

(B) OBfle u <f>yHK4Mja npeHoca u /lannacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja mwajy BmuecTpyKe no/ioBe

//(.$■) = ---------- —, Re{s}<2 , Re{s}>0

(s-2)

/lartnacoBa TpaHC<f>opMa4Mja M3/ia3aje

rH= -1 =s+^+^L+^L_
ca Koe<f>tmnjeHTmvia na je

lim1 d “I ,2 lim d -1 1
«->» 1! 4
ds s—>0 (
ds S2(S-2)2 (s-2)2 (5

lim d -1
(s-2)2
ds _s2
_

3aflaTaK 6.6

3a cnefletie napoBe cwcreivia Hahn eKBMBa/ieHTHe <f>yHK4Mje npeHoca u eKBMBa/ieHTHe

mvmyncHe
0fl3MBe ano cy TM CMCTeMM Be3aHM napane/iHO u ano cy Be3aHM peflHO.

(a) A1(f) = -zz(f), /<(/) = C' "z/(>), a>0

 6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 21

(6) ^(f) = ^(-f) = e"itzz(f), đ>0

(B) (z ) = e'"‘'z/(z ), /7jz ) = e '"‘'z/(z )

Petuen>e.

LUeMaTCKM npMK33M napane/iHe u peflHe Be3e flBa CMcreMa Kao u eKBMBa/ieHTHM

MMnyncHM 0fl3MBM M <f>yHK4Mje npeHoca cy npMK33aHM Ha cnMKaMa 6.8 (a) u (6).

tf(s) = ^(s) + Z/2(s)

(a) (6)
C/iuKa 6.8. LUeMaTCKM npMKa3 napane/iHe M peflHe Be3e flBa CMcreMa

(a) (t>yHK4Mje npeHoca nojeflMHanHMX CMcreMa cy

PlMny/icHM 0fl3MB napa/ie/iHe Be3eje flOK je <|>yHK4Mja npeHoca

(t>yHK4Mja npeHoca peflHe Be3eje

/Ja 6MCMO AO6M/IM eKBMBa/ieHTHM MMnyncHM 0fl3MB peflHe Be3e M3paMyHatieMO

MHBep3Hy /lannacoBy TpaHC<f>opMa4Mjy o/i, Hr (.sj
(6) cPyHKU,nje npeHoca nojevu Han HMX ci/icreMa cy

Ta KO fla je
at
22 CHEHA/IH h CUCTEMU- PELUEHU 3AflAU,H

i -st
=—e,
2a

(B) nojeflMHaMHe <f>yHK4Mje npeHoca OBMX CMCTeMa na je

3a,qaTaK 6.7

Hahn eKBMBaneHTHy <f>yHK4Mjy npeHoca CMCTeMa npnKa3aHor Ha cntmti 6.9, y<t>yHK4njn

ofl nojeflMHaMHMX<f>yHK4Mja npeHoca, /Z (s), / = 1,2,...,6, a 3aTMM M3paHyHaTM //(.s') axoje

A1(f) = u(f),A2(f) = 3e-3,u(f),^(f) = A5(f) = e-2,u(f),A4(f) = e-,u(f),A6(f) = <j(f)-2e-3,u(f)

6 JIAn/1ACOBA TPAHC0OPMAU,HJA 23

C/iUKa 6.9.

Petuen>e.

Ha ocHOBy npeTXOflHor 3aflaTKa, r.iojKewo flMpeKTHO HanMca™ fla je

" (5) = ^ (s)//2 (s) + [//3 (s) + //4 (s)//5 (s)]//6 (s)
= //1 (s)//2 (5) + ^ (S)H6 (S) + //4 (S)//5 (S)//6 (5)

Kano je

" Re(4>-3 " Re{s)>-2

"■W‘77P M4>-> ".w-'-jIrH? +>’- R 3

MOweMO ritica™ fla je

J5 + 1 +
.13'15 + 1'1 1 s + 1 3| 2] 5 (5 + i) + S s + 5s + 6
55+3 5+25+3 5+15+25+3 1 2
j5+2) (5 + 3 5 (5 +55 + 6)
1

3aflaTaK 6.8

Hahn eKBMBa/ieHTHy <f>yHK4Mjy npeHoca CMCTewa npnKa3aHor Ha c/itmn 6.10, H(s), y

<f>yHK4Mjn ofl nojeflMHaMHMX <f>yHK4Mja npeHoca, 77( .s'j u (.s'j.

C/iUKa 6.10.
24 CMTHA/IM M CMCTEMM - REQJEHM 3AflAlEM

Petuen>e.

Be3a CMCTewa npnxasaHa Ha catmn npeflCTaB/ba CMCTew ca HeramBHOM noBpaTHOM

cnperoM u TO je jeflHa o/i, OCHOBHMX KOH<f>nrypa4nja CMCTewa y ayTOwaTCKOM ynpaB/bahby,
e/ieKTpoHtmn, Te/ieKOMyHMKaijMjaMa MT/J. fla 6MCMO Haman <}>yHKu,i/ijy npeHoca OBaxBor
cncTewa o6e/ie>xmvio cnrHa/i Ha M3/ia3y ca6npaMa ca . Ta/ja ce y <f>peKBeH4njcKOM floweHy
Mory nnca™ c/ie/jefae pe/iaijMje

£’(s) = A'(s)-6’(s)r(s)

EamviMHaLiMjoM TT(.s') M3 npeixoflHnx jeflHannHa ce flo6nja fla je oflHOCHO, exBMBa/ieHTHa

<j>yHKU,nja npeHoca je

F ( )
5 G
! + /■( \
F ( )
1

X 5 G
+