Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • BS 3923 P1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    MANIVASAGAN
    71 views94 pages

    Original Title

    BS 3923 P1.pdf

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    71 views94 pages

    BS 3923 P1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    MANIVASAGAN

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 94
    BSI BS*3923 PART] Bb Ue4bbT OOSTLZY 7 1 BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 (© bith standart Inston. No part of thes pubaton may be photocopied oF otherwise reproduced without the por ermiesion in wing of BSI British Standard e Ultrasonic examination of welds Part 1. Methods for manual examination of fusion welds in ferritic steels Contréle des soudures par ultrasons Partie 1. Méthodes d’examen manuel des soudures par fusion dans les aciers ferritiques Uttraschallpriifung von Schweifgndhten Teil 1. Verfahren zur manuellen Pratung von Schmelzschweiknahten an ferritischen Stahlen British Standards Institution Copyright by The Bash STandards Tastitotion ed Nov 10 16:10:17 1999 BST. BS*3923 Contents Page Foreword 3 Committees responsible Back cover Methods 4 Seopa 4 2 Definitions 4 3 Items for agreement 4 4 Personnel ° 5 Equipment 5 8 Examination Lovel 8 7 Requiromonts tobe met prior to scanning 7 8 Surface condition, counterboring and access for scanning 7 {8 Tost covorage: goneral requirements 8 10 Sensitivity " ‘11 Speetfio requirements fr in-line butt welds in plate and pipe " 12 Spoofioraquiramants for set on connections 16 13 Specific requirements for node joints 3 14 Specific requirements for set¢hrough nozzle joints 2 18 Spocificrequirements for structural Tjoints 31 18 Spacific requirements for er 4 17 Evaluation of Imperfections a 1B Pratontation of rosults 3 ‘Appendices ‘A. Reoommendations for sxttng scoeptance standards for quality control purposes a Surface profile conditions and consequent testing imitations “4 © Guidanco on probe selection “8 _Countarboring and acces for scanning a E Location of rot: inline butt wads 53 F Methods for the examination of weld root 85 Metnod for weld scan with normal probes 58 4H Mathods for weld sean for longitudinal imperfections 69 J Mathods of weld sean for wansverse Imperfections 6 Preparation of distance/amplitude correction (DAC) curve « LEehodyname patterns n Location and characterization of imperfections 79, N_Imperfection sizing techniques % P Nototionaleyetom for recording importcetion dimensions 2 Moosuroment of ateruation and transfer oss 90 Tobies 1 tems for ogreement or action 3 2 Minimum seanning snsitvty levels 1" 3 Butt welds in plate and pipe: Examination Level? 2 4 Butt wols in plato and pipe: Examination Level 2A 2 5 BUtt welds In plate and pipe: Examination Level 28 4 {© Butt welds In pate and pipe: Examination Level 3 6 Copyright by The Brith STandards Tastitaion ed Nov 10 1651056 1999 PART*L Bb MM Ub24bb9 0059125 9 Ml BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 7 Set-on connections. Branch welds: Examination Lovel 1 68 Seton connections. Branch wolds: Examination Level 2 8 Sot-on connections. Branch welds: Level 3 10 Seton connections. Nozzle welds: Lovel 1 11 Set-on connections. Nozzle welds: Examination Level 2 12 Set-on connections. Nozzle welds: Examination Lovel 3 18 Sat-on sonnactians. Stub walds: Examinati Lovel 2 14 Seton connections. Stub welds: Examination Love! 3 1B Node joints: Examination Lovel 2 16 Node joints: Examination Level 3 17 Set-through nozale welds. Single-sided: Examination Level 1 10 Set-through nozzle welds. Single sided: Examination Lovel 2 19 Set-through nozzle welds. Single-sided Examination Lovel 3 20 Set-through nozzle wold, Double sided: Examination Lovel 1 21 Sotthrough nozzle welds. Double-sided: Examination Love! 2 22 Sot-through nozzle welds. Double-sided: Examination Level 3 23 Structural Tyoints: Examination Level 1 24 Structural TJoints: Examination Level 2 25 Structural T-oints: Examination Level 3 20 Cruciform joints: Exemination Level 1 27 Cruciform jointe: Examination Level 2 28 Cruciform joints: Exemination Level 3 29 recommended recording level for point tefleotors 20 Imperfection information required to meet Examination Levels 81, Imperfection parameters to be specified in the recommended form of acceptance stendard for ‘quality control applications 32. Minimum longth of straight, £, nacossery to meet the requirements of Examination Levels 1, 2 and 3 for different types of welded joint Figures 1 Use of « normal probe to determi bbecking material 2. Effect of curvature on incident angle and maximum testable depth 3 Flow diagram for evaluation of ultrasonic indications 4 Schematic representation of the different categories of surface condition '8 Four acceptadle options of counterbore 6 ‘Sketches showing the position from which the values of L (lenath of straight) and € (lenath of ‘counterbore) are measured 7 Locating the root using a normal probe fusion of Page 6 ” 8 19 a 2 2 24 % 26 2 2 2 Saeeees a 82 ea 8 81 bs 3923 : Part 1: 1986 Pege ing the root using angle probes: method 1 G4 LLoceting the root using angle probes: method 2 86 10 Uco of guide ctrip for chooking wold roct and plotting excess penetration oF incomplete root penetration 85 11 Ultrasonic echo response from different types of wold root condition 56 12 Detection of incomplate root penetration in ‘thin sections using a shallow angle probe 87 18 Detection of incomolete root fusion in thick sections (curved) or 14 Tandem technique for dete ‘oat panetration in thice se 5a 16 Hal-skip oxamination of weld between probe positions (1) and (2) 69 16 Halt-to full-sklp examination of weld between ‘probe positions (3) and (4) 69 17 Section through set-on branch, nozzle or stub weld at 18 Section through set-through nozzle weld (singlesidea) a 18 Section through structural TJoint or set-throush nozzle wold (double-sided) @ 20 Section through eruciform joint @ 21 Plan view of typical oblique node joint showing positions of wold oroee eeetione 6 22 Side view of node joint showing division into scanning zones 3s 23 Section through zone A of node joint ct 24 Section through zone B of node joint ot 28 Section through zane C of nodo jo on 26 Caleulation of effective diamotor at any angle to the axis of a circular component 6 2) Scans or transverse impertections: non-linear joints @ 28 Scan for transverse imperfections: weld surface 60 mm tice ‘Outer surface of branch ‘Scan Qt 0 G2 (0-1 skip) | Scan Qt to G2 (0-1 skip) | Sean t 6 G2 (0-1 ap} ‘ora argo Zongles Seam a2 (1 skip) 1 angle} Scan G2 (Kt skip) tangle | Scan G1 (0—% skip} 1 angle Braneh ire ean P2 (OHA Towle | Ban B(OH Ai Borate | — ‘Scan PI (OMe skip) Tangle | Seen PI (OW skip) 1 ante Taoelovtercorfuon of ‘Scan 82 from bore tprote —| Soun RO rom outorcurane | Soon RO from autor component Tanole Tanole Wald titer : = Sean F1,7anole Sean F3,1 probe Separate oot ean S = Sean O4, 1 enale Where wold ilo is ution wide 7 Copyright by The Bash STandardsTasitoion Wed Nov 10 16:1409 1999 BSI BS*3923 BS 3923: Part 1: 1986 PART*] Ob MM Ub24Lb9 0059242 7 mm ‘Table 9, Seton connections. Branch welds: Exeininetion Level 2 hate Component 8 ai Component A Chranch, nozzte er stud) 56, foot bead is removed the parte root sean Branch > 16 mm this ‘Outer surass of branah ranch bore ‘Bore of A only secssible Neither bore aceible Sean QH to 02 10-7 kip) Vanole ‘Scan 2 (51 se) ‘Sean to G2 (0-1 ain] Tangle Som 2 (51 sip) 1 angle ‘Sean QI to 02 (0-1 eo} ‘Sean GZ (41 skip? 1 angte | _fos¥ tien nt rowed) (Copyright by The Bath STandardsTestoion Wed Nov 10 16-110 1999 component 8 enala Tena onal tor thickoanes shove lise hickoames above (ior thioknanes above 80 mm o 50mm only Somm oni Wd let, ~ = = Separate root sean ‘Sean OF, 1 anole ‘Sean O1, 1 ene ‘Sean OF, 1 anal BSI BS*3923 PARTAL 6b MM Db24bb9 0059243 BS 3923 : Part 1 Table 10. Set-on connections, Nozzle welds: Examination Level 1 Sketch Compgnent B Bore se P2 Pt Component A (branch, nozzle or stub) Nozze thickness 15mm to 60 mm: Nozze thickness over 80 mm ‘Norse 16 mm to 69 mm tek ‘Sore ot A only seeesbte ‘Nether bore acces ‘Outer urfaoe of poze ‘Sean Qt to G2 (0-1 sip) 2 anelee ‘Scan Qt to G2 (0-1 skp] 2 ones ‘Nozzle bore Inerdoute surfecos of | component 8 ‘Sean PY (0=¥ ip) angle Sean P2 (0-¥ ski) 1 anle ‘Scan PI (0—% kip) Sean F2 (0- ala Ys skip) anal ‘Sean 53 from bore 1 probe Seen F2 from over sfoce ‘Sean 2 from outa erfane Examieation Level 1 rot acniovie Wold tet ‘Separate root can "Nozzle > 80 mam thick ‘Seen Qt to G2 (0-1 skin) 1 anche Sean 2 (i skip] T ens ‘Sean Qt to G2 (0-1 chip) 1 ale Sean O2 (1 sk) 1 ale Sean QT (OH aa} 1 ele Nossa bore ‘Sean PY (0-¥ kip) orale Sean F2 (0 sip} arle Sean P3, 1 probe ean PY 10~Y ski 2 anaes Soon F2 (0-3 ip) 2 sng Sean P31 probe Examination Level 1 component 8 ‘Scan R2 trom outer surface Tangle Tangle ‘Scan 1, 1 0 ‘Sean F1, 1 gle ‘Scan F3, 1 pre Sean F,1 probe ‘Separate root soan Copyright by The Bats Standards Testoion Wed Nov 10 16:11 1999 19 1986 BSI BS*3423 PARTAL Bb MM DL2YLET OOSILNY 2 mm 8S 3923 : Part 1: 1986 ‘Table 11. Seton connections. Nozzle welds: Examination Level 2 Skotch | Surface conation Component 6 | nar bore of 8 i core: $6, | ears Seaton ar Flot net be served here bore & tesco Re Component A (Coranch, nozzle or stub) Bore [Nozzle 16 mm to 60 mm thick | Bores of A and @ acossibie | Boroof Aoniy aceoioto | Neither boro acesee ‘Outer surface of note Sean 01 10.02 (0-1 skin) | Sean Q1 eo G2 (0-1 skin) | Sean G1 10.42 (0-1 skip) 2encles | 2evates 2ancles Sean Gi (0-2 skp) 1 age Nozzle boro = ‘Scan P2 (0% skip) angle | (Sa note) nner/outer surfoces of ‘Seon 83 from bore t probe | — ‘Scon F2 from outor surface ‘component & ty Wield et = 5 = 7 “Separate root sean 5 = ~ | Seen OF, Fanate Nozzle > 60 mm thie ‘Outer surface of nore Gon G1 to G2 0-7 een) | Sean GT 10 G2 (Omtap) | Seen OT w G2 (Ot skip nate tance 2aneles Goan G2 (4-1 skip) Tangle | Seon 211 skip) angle | Soen QT (O-¥ skp) 1 ange Tozzi bore ‘can Pf (0-H akip) tangle | Sean PI (OW skip) 1 angle | (Seo nate) Sean P2 (0H akip) 1 ante | Seen P2 (0—¥ skp) 2 ones Inner/outer surface of ‘Sean 83 from bore 1 probe | — ‘Seon R2 trom outer surface component B tangle Wit fee 5 ‘Seon FH, Vale Sean FI, 1 angle Sean F3, Tangle = = ‘Sean OF, 1 ele 50 mm the detectbltyof defects along tho ie wll il be sgniticenly reduced {Copprghe by The Bash STandardsTestoion Wed Nov 10 16:11 1999 “BST BS*3523 PART#] 84 MH Db24GG9 OOSTLYS 4 am BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 ‘omponen S56. coo bed is ramon Component 8 ‘the separate root scan Component A (branch, nozzle or stub) j sot i, a ; | [Nozzle > 15 mm thik Borer ofA and 8 accesible | Bore of A only secesinla | Neither bore access ‘Outer surfs of moze ‘Sean Qt t0 02 (0-4 ep Scan Qt 0 G2 (0-1 skip) | Sean Q1 to 02 0-1 skin) Tense Tensle ‘angle Sear G2 41 xp) 1 angle | Sean G2 Q—1 sip) tangle | Sean'G2 Vé—1 skip) 1 ale ‘Nozzle bore = Innerlouter surfoo of Sean 85 trom bore 1 probe | — = component 8 (tor thickneser coove 0mm oni Wats ter = = = ‘Separate root oeen ‘Bean G1, ¥ angle ‘Sean O1, 1 angle | Sean 01, 1 angle {oni i bead nt removed) 2 Copyright by The Bath STandardsTestoion Wed Nov 10 16:12 1999 BSI BSx3929 BS 3023 : Pert 1: 1986 PART#L Bb MM Y62ULb9 QOSTL4G b Mm Component 8 (07 Bore Component & Coranch, nozzle or stu) Bore SPE. If oot bead ie rmoved the separata ror seen ‘tub 6 mm to 15 mm tick ‘Borer ofA an aceoble ‘ore ofA ony acon ‘Wether bore acco ‘Outer surface of seb 2enales ‘Scan O1 to 02 (0=1 skid | Scan Ot v9 02 (0-1 skip) 2 anaes ‘Sean Of w G2 (9-1 ip} 2anloe ‘Separat oot scan ‘Seon Oi, 1 ele Sean OF, 1 orale Sean G1, 1 ele Skate Component 8 i Bore Tablo 14, Seton connections. Stub welds: Examination Lovel 3 Component (branch, nozzle or atub) Bore ‘tu & mm to 18mm the eal ores A and B acoso Sean Ot to 02 (0-1 aig) ‘Boro of A only actetle ‘Sean Qi 40 G2 (0-1 elo} Tangle ‘Surfaes condition: 576. I root bead is removed canbe omitted Neither bore acces ‘en 7 to G2 (0-1 skin! Tangle ‘Separate root scan ‘Sean G1, 1 nate ‘Sean, 4 ena (Copyright by The Bath STandarasTestoion Wed Nov 10 1631-12 1999 22 BSI BS*3923° PART#L Bb MM DL24bL5 OOS5347 5 mm BS 3923 : Part 1; 1986 13 Spooifio requirements for node joints “Tables 16 and 16 give the requirements for full panatration welds of nods Jolnts (ace 2.9 radial angles in one thickness range. Examination Level 1 isnot considered applicable to thet reasons of goometry. 3 up to substantially non ir class of construetion for Table 18. Node joints: Examination Level Z state _Suraoe condition 36 Component & Component Component A ‘Sean OF (0-9 ski 9 ances Bean Pt (0. ¥ sip! Danas It bare of A i scene ‘other can O2 (1 skip] 2 angles ‘Component 8 NOTE, Examination Level + is not normally applicable to this type of consiruction unless there has been special proparation. Ifthe bow oft enmponent 8 fs not acces for scanning, Examinetion Level 2 cannot be sehived. 23 Copyright by The BAsh STandards Tasttoion Wed Nov 10 16-114 1999 BSI BSx3923 PART#) 8b MM Lb24L69 OOSSL4S T BS 3923 : Part 1 : 1986 “Table 16, Node olnts: Examination Level 3 Skatch Surface eonition: 86 | Component A. ‘Component A Sean Q1 (0-3 skip) 3 angles, Sean Pt (Oe skiol 3 neler, IWbore of Ai acca ther sean G2 Qs kip) 2 enges Component (Copyright by he Bath STandardsTestoTion Wed Nov 10 16-115 1999 BSI BS*3923 Table 17. Set-through nozzle welds. Sing! PART 86 MM 6249 OOS9245 2 mm 14 Specific requirements for set-through nozzle joints: ‘Tables 17 to 22 aive the requirements for substantially radial full or parti ara eub-divided into singlo-or double-sided welds. led: Examination Level 1 penetration welds in one thickne BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 Sate Component 8 f Bore Pa Pt Component A (nozzte} ‘ » \ Bore ‘Surface condition (a) Tmeknasses upto 0 mm or wt aeses to boro A: 8P6. Root beed removed (0) Thlcknosss over 50 mm ond without echt to bore A: $27 Foot bead removed "Nozalo 18mm to 100 em thie Bore A accesso ‘Bore A not aoszesile ozs surface ‘Scan 02, tangle (or san PH tana) ‘Sean P11 angle or sean 2, 1 ang) Scan P31 probe ‘Sean 02, Tonle Innerlouter sutfse of component 8 Wats let srtsce Uahere thickness > 50mm) Copyright by The Bath STandards Tasitoion Wed Nov 10 16-116 1999 ‘Scan 81 (0-1 skip) 2 anaes, ean 1 40 RZ (07 aki'2 anes Tf thicknor of B ites than 80 mm Sean Ft (0-H skip) 1 ante Sean 31 (=i sul Zanaiee (or R2 (a1 skip) 2 angles if thickeoss (of Bele then 50 rom) ‘Sean F2, 1 al Sean F2,1 probe BSI BSx3923 PART*1 6b MM Ub24bb9 OOS9L50 8 ml BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 Table 18. Got-through nozzle wolds, Single-sided: Eni " ‘untae coli Component 8 86, Root bea romewed Rt Component A tro e P3 Pt Bore Nozeleeurteco ‘Sean 02, 1 engle (or cen P11 angle) Sean 02, t eno ‘Nozzle bore ‘Sean PY, 4 ange (or san O2, 1 angle) = Sean P3,1 probe Inner/outesurfacae of component 8 | Sean St (0% ek) 1 angle, or ‘Sean St (0X aki) 2 angle, or i sean FU #0 R2 (0-1 ee) 1 gle seen Ft to R2 (0-1 skipl Dangles | 26 (Copyright by The Bath STandarasTestoion Wed Nov 10 16-116 1999 BSI BSx3923° PART*] 8b MM UL24Gb9 OOSSL52 T mm BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 Toble 19. rough orale wld Snglsied: Exarintion Love 3 ua Conpengt 0 £0 ont et emo poe 1 & Component A e toute) "3 ore Nozzle bore ‘Scan P3, 1 probe - ~ aR i ee A cm Sra ort pa ae Tannen ea Sen, a7 Copyright by The Bath STandards Toston Wed Nov 10 16:17 1999 ia Wed Nov BSI BSx3923 BS 3923 : Part 1 : 1986 PARTAL Bb MM Db24bb9 OOS9152 1 ml ‘Table 20. Set-throuph nvecle welds, Double-sided: Exemination Level 1 Component 8 Side 1 Component A (nozzle) qe yA \\ Pt x [sd Bore (a) Thickneses upto 50 mm or with cere to bore A: SPB {) Thiknetes over 69 men and without sccee to bore A: §P7 Nona 18mm to 100 mm thick | Bore A secs Bore A not sees Nozzle wurfase ‘ean G2 Tangle rom both eee {orveen Pi from both directions) ‘Sean FS, 1 prove Sean P11 anale from both dretione {or 29n/G2 rom both eae), Nowee bore ‘ides 1 and 2 of component & ‘eane RI and 1 (0M sip} 2 angles, or tan Rt to R2 (0-1 ein] 2 enalon ‘Sane RY ond 81 (OE skip) 2 anes, or sean HY t0.82 (O=1 ep) 2 angles i ia let surase (here thks > 60 me Sean FT, 1 engotrom both siaes i by Wie Beli STandands ston 10 163118 1909 BSI BS#3923° PART*1 66 MM Db24bb9 0059153 3 ml 8S 3923 : Part 1 986 ‘Table 21. Set-through nozzle welds. Double-sided: Examination Level 2 Component 8 36 [ —- 7 Side 2 Side Component A (nozzle) Pt PB py Bore Nozzle 15 mmo 100 mm tice | ore A acon ‘ore A not aoemsble ‘Nozzle surface ‘Scan O2, # angle from both sides ‘Seen G2, 1 engle from both sides: {or ean Pt trom both direction) ‘Nozzle bore ‘Scan Pt, 1 angle from both directions = (or sean 02 trom both sides) Sean PS, 1 probe ‘Sides 1 and 2 of eomponent 8 ‘Seon R110 R2 (0-1 skip) 1 sean Ft and St (0 Sean RY to 2 (0-1 kip) 2 angles skip) Tengie Scans RI and $1 (0-3 skip) 2 argos 29 Copyright by The Bath STandardsTasitoion Wed Nov 10 16-118 1999 BSI BS¥3i23 PART#L 66 WM Ub2¥Gb9 OOSTIS9 5 Ml BS 9029 ; Part 1: 986 “Table 22, Bot through nozsle wolde,Double-ided: Examination Lovel 3 hates Surtace condition: Component 8 se py R2 Side 4 at Component A [ivorsiel / e Pa Bore Nozzle 15 mm to 100 mm thick | Bore A secon Bore A not oocessible Nozze wrtace = - | Novae bare ‘Sean PS, 1 probe = ‘Sidhe 1 and 2 of component 8 ‘ean FY to R2 (0—1 skip) tangle or ‘Sean Rito R2 [0-1 sip) 2 angles or scans Rt and 1 (0-J6 skip} fanaa scons 1 ond St (0% aki) 2 alee (Copyright by The Bath STandarasTastoTion Wed Nov 10 163119 1999 BSI BS*3423 PART*) @& MM Db2vbb4 OOSTISS 7 im BS 3923: Part 1; 1986 15 Specific requirements for structural T-joints Tables 23 to 25 give the requirements for full or partial penetration single- or double-sided welds, the parent plates being et at sear right angles co one another in one thickness range, ‘able 23, Structural Tloins: Fxamination Level 1 Sketch Component 8 [ ~ 56 Side 1 Parent loin 10 mm 40 100 me thick Sean, 1 probe for thickness 80 mm Sean RY to R2 (0-1 sin) 2 angles Separate 00% scan (nale-sided welds only) Sean FA, 1 engl Copyright by The Bate Standards TositoTion Wed Nov 10 16:31:20 1999 BSI BS¥3923 PART#) 8b MM BL2ULE OOSTISG 7 Ml BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 Stotch ‘Surfooe condition: Component 8 Po —~1\_ Side 2 A Re side 1 “Scan Pi, 1 angi from both aietions Ssan P3, 1 probe ‘component 8 ‘Scans Ri ord St (OH skp) 1 anal, or for thicknesses < 50 mm Soin 1 ¢0F2 (0-1 skip) 1 angle “Separate 1% scan (gles wold ony Soon Fi, 1 gle (Copyright by he Bath STandardsTestoion Wed Nov 10 163121 1999 Table 29, Structural TJoints: Examination Level 3 BSI BS¥3923 PART#) Ob MM Lb24G69 0059357 0 mm BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 Component & Side 2 st Side 1 ‘Surface condition: 53 Component 4 [| Side 1 Parent 10 mun 0 100 mm thik ‘Component A ‘Sean PS, 1 probe Component 8 ‘Scans Ri and 81 (O_¥ sip) tangle, on for thickneeee $0 mm ‘Scan RH to F2 (0-1 ai 1 ena ‘Seperate root ean (sngeaided wolds only) ‘Sean RY, tangle 33 Copyright by The Bash STandards Testoion Wed Nov 10 16:31:22 1999 BSI aSe3923 PART#) 8b MM 1b24bb4 OOS9iS8 2 mm BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 16 Spcoifio requirements for cruciform joints “Tablos 26 to 28 give the requirements for full or partial penetration single- or double-sided welds, the parent plates being sat at near right angles to ono another in one thickness range form joints: Examination Level 1 ‘Sketch Surfece contin: Companent one ; Component 6 arent material 10mm to 100 mm tie Component A ram bath dictions and both surface ‘Component B 7 ‘Scans Rt and $1 (0% skip) 2 angles from both sides of component A eo “Senerate root scan (single-sided welds onty) ‘Scan Ft, 1 angle from both sides of component A 34 Copyright by Ue Bath STandarasTasitoTon Wed Nov 10 16:31:22 1999 OSI BS*3923 PART#] @& MM Lb2Ub69 0059159 4 me BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 Table 27. Cruciform joints: Examination Level 2 | sketen Surtees condition: Component A 6 Side 2 Component 8 ‘Component A Scan PI 1 argo from both direction both ‘Component 8 ‘Scans Rt and S1 (0H skp) 2 eno both er of| ‘ral from both adee of component A 36 Copyright by The Bath Standards Toston ed Nov 10 1631-21 1999 BSI BSx3923 PART#] Bb MM Db24b9 OOSTLLO 0 mw BS 3923 : Part 1 : 1986 Sheth 6 Side Component Side 2 Component B side (7 / Rt erent materia 10 rm to 700 mm thik ‘Comaonant & ‘Component | ‘Scans A end 1 (0 skip] 2 engls trom bot sides of component A, or for thickneer < 60 mm Sean Ft to R2 (0-1 skip) 2 angles from both sks of component A Ba, ta rm ath Spon A | @ Separate root scan (snglsied welds only) (Copyright by The Bash STandarasTesttotion Wed Nov 10 16-124 1999 BSI BS*3923, 17 Evaluation of imperfections The procedures used for the evalustion of imporfections will depend in part on the purpose of the examination, |e, whather for quality control purpotee or for aezoeting ‘ines-for-purpose, Recommendations for the preparation ‘of accoptance standards for quality control purposes are ‘contained in appendix A. For a fracture mechanics assessmant, or the application of certain aseaptanen standards, the metallurgical nature of ‘the imperfection, e.g. whether or not Its a crack, may be an important factor. However, this knowledge ean only be inferred from the ultrazonie measurement ofits shape, size, ‘orientation and position in the weld in relation to the metallurgy of the welding process and parent mavoral. ‘The evaluation of indications scribed in the following subclauses recognizes the fact that smal discontinuities having a single reflecting surface cannot be sized by the ‘normal probs movement methods and also that, provided ‘they ate izolatod and their echo height is not large, they ere ‘extremely unlikely to have an adverse affect on wold performance. The echodynamie pattern method is applied at an early stage in the evaluation procedure to separate ‘these discontinuities from potentially carious imperfections which may show a much lower acho height. ‘When aseossing an imperfection in relation to the acceptance standatd, the maximum value of the echo height which can be obtained from any angle relative to the imperfections shall be used. ‘The evaluation procedure shall be as shown inthe tow diagram in figure 3, PARTS) 66 MM Db246b9 OOS9Ib) 2 a BS 3923 : Part 1 1986 17.2 Preliminary evaluation For Examination Level 1, any indication observed during scanning that is significantly higher than the ‘grass’ level shall be Investigated to determine its echadynamie pattern, For Examination Lovels2 and 3, only those indications hots echo heights, whan maximized by adjustment of the probe positions, excood the evaluation level, Le. the DAC. ‘curve at the minimum scanning sensitivity (se table 2), shall be invostgated turtner. To determine the echodynamic pattern, the Indication shall be investigated by probe movement in two mutually perpendicular directions. Angle probe scans shall be made ina direction towards or away from the reflector, and at right angles to this direction. Normal probe scans shall be made slong the longth of the weld and across its width, ‘Tho characteritle fosturse ofthe difforont pattorns are described in appendix L. Indications which show Pattern 1 behaviour in both directions, Lo. point reflector (soe M4), shall be disregarded Drovided they are isolated and their maximum echo height does not exceed the recording/acceplance level specified in the acceptance standard. NOTE. The rcordina/sccaptane level fr lonaitudina. ransere hd horizontal imperfections may be diferent to each othe Inthe absence of any level being specified inthe application standard, the values give in table 29 shall he apple. Indications which show Pattern 2 or Pattern 24/3b In elther direction, indications which exceed the recording/secoptance level, and those from numerous or clustered discontinuities shal be further investigatod and recorded in accordanco with 17.3, 17.4 and 17.8, ‘Table 29, Recommended recording aves for point reflectors ‘Normal beam scans pac-ed8 [DAC | DAC 460B Longitudinal imperfetion seans Dac-6a8 | DAC. DAC +8 aB “Transverse imperfoction sean pac-eas | DAC-6dB —_| Not applicable Copyright by The Brtsh Standards TasitoTion Wed Nov 10 16-31-25 1999 “BSI BS*3q23 PART#2 Ob MM Ub2¥bb9 OOSTb2 4 mm BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 Examine weld at scanning sensitivity D> ef] below nore if ieolated signal Patiorn 1 in both diractions Indication ze observed { ‘Determine echodynamie pattern in both sean directions ! Compare with aceeptancs/recording evel for point reflectors fo Toco 1 emer ‘a ord vane fsa aes eats i e Record the echodynamic patterns and deduce form (of Imperfection, eg. threadslke or planer. [Measure detect length and oross section sharn nassible. Convert acho height ~ into equivalent dise or side-drilled tole diamoters Auality contol applictions i Record maximum gna eight Hac judooment based on all measurements an andor length ancl ros setion on metalugieal Knowledge ofthe most probable of the Imperfection as required ‘type of imperfection and its dimensions. by the application stendard Estirnate unuertuintics irs the result 1 ‘Assure agaist acceptance standard ake fracture mechanics enesment Figure 3. Flow diagram for evaluation of ultrasonic indications (Copyright by Uhe Bath STandardsTasitoTon Wed Nov 10 16:31:26 1999 BSI BS*3923 173 Location and confirmation of imperfection ‘The position of the suspect imporfection shall be accurately determined in relation to the weld cross section from the range of the signal along the time base, the predoterminea bbeam angle, and the position and orientation of the probe in rolation to one or more datum pointslines on the weld (see appendix Mi. NOTE, Toe pres esto of imperatorin by sng # ccurat etches were Having intially located the apparent imperfection postion, ‘his shall be confirmed from the opposite sde/surfece of the weld or by the use of a probe having a different beam angla, or a combination of both. This step is essential to. tnsure thatthe indication is not from a normal geometrical feature of the weld or causod by a wave mode change. 174 Information to be determined by the operator ‘The minimum information about each imperfection necestary to meet the requirements of Examination Levels 1, 2 and 3 shall be as detailed in table 30, NOTE 1. The mossurementofsetual dimeosions ofthe pert: tions take procednce ovr tho simplar echo height meesuroment as the lool of examination rss fom 3 to 1 NOTE 2. Recommendations forthe prenaration af secptance standards compatible with the requirements of table 20 an with 17.5 Characterizing and sizing Sizing of Imperfections shall be carried out ata range not exceeding the halFkip position, except where specifically sgrood between the contracting partios (see 3.2(). Whore required, following location and confirmation of an imperfection, the mathods detailed in appendix Mt shall be employed, 2s appropriate, in order to classify the imperfection es being one of a number of basi tyes nd shapas. Inyo fetions sll be sized aeecording to appendix N. 18 Presentation of results For eash wold examined, the operator shall submit signed report containing the following Information (a) job identification and material PART#) 8b MM Ub24669 0059163 b ml BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 (b) idantification of detsited text procedure (e00 clause 7); {6] stage of manufacture at which examination was mede, Including state of heat treatmont; (d) identity of operator and cortification status; (c) date of test; {f) skotch of weld contiguration as inspected showing all, relevant vimensions, and one or more cross-sectional (oh type of ultrasonic law dotector used {ineluding serial number); (h) dotalls of probes used, including make, type and frequency; (i calibration block used; tect sonsitivity and evaluation/recording levels applied; (k) method of correction employed for attanuation and ‘tanster loss; 0) sketch showing extent of sosnning, in particular, detailing arcas which, due to the geornetty vr sur eve condition of the component, could not be Tully examined in accordance with the detailed test procedure; (rm) a report on the parent metal examination describing any local haterogeneities (eg. laminations, surface Impertections, areas of high sttentustion) which may adversely affect the wold examination at such locations; if no such hotoroaoneitis are found, a statement to this ‘effect shall be included in the oporator's report; (n)tost results in accordance with the requirements in ‘able 30 {co0 17.4), and including imperfection location In olatian to the reference datum points shown in the dotailed test procedure NOTE. A sugastes notations system fr recording impertecton imensions i llunteted In appendix. {0} tor detects which te outside the scceptance criteria, a plotted illustration of such defects ‘The operator's report shall either include a statement regarding the acceptability or othenvise of each of the recorded imperfections in relation to the acceptance standard or shall be accompaniod by such a statement by a supervizor of other responsible person, 39 Copyright by The Brith STandardsTasitoion Wed Nov 10 16:31:26 1999 BSI BS*3923 PARTX) Ob MM Lb24bb4 OOSTIb4 6 mm BS 3923 ; Part 986 Teble 30 mpertection information required to meet Examination Levels ropamton | aeet __| oraton besos 1 [pom | Maximumecto height 1 ‘Threadsike Maximum echo height end length 7 Volumewis | Lonthand'meximum ersssectinal dimosions | Pinar Tevet ad hroughinokressdivenston Muito Enclosing volume and average echo helsht oot profile | Length and depth 2 Point | Maximum echo height ~ e Tiveadike | Maximum echo height and length Wotaracla | Cangih an maximum eons denon [Planar | Length and through-thickness dimensions | irttioe hcloig volume and average echo olght Root profile | Length and maximum ocho helght 3 Point Maximum echo height ~ Threadske | Maximum echo lant | Votumetia | Length and maximum acho height — Rect pratte | Length and manimam coho ole | 4 Point By agreement {s00 3.2) ~ Tweedie | By erent (oe 32) Volumetric | By agreement (03.2) | Planar By agrement (oe ‘muitinle | By agreement (see 3.2) Root profile By agreement (see 3.2) ~ ~ (Copyright by The Bats STandardsTsttoion Wed Nov 10 16:27 1999 BSI BSx3923 Appendices Appendix A. Recommendations for setting acceptance standards for quality control purposes ‘Accaptance standards can be drawn up with the aim of either (a) maintaining satisfactory lovls of workmanship, ie. the quality control approach, ar (b) setting maximum imperfection lavols, beyond witch there isa serious risk of component failure, Le. the fitness-for-purpose approach. Where the importance of achiaving maximum weld integrity i inereased, the quality control approach has to ‘become more searching and less tolerant to imparfections. {mn particular, thora has to be a eroater emphasis on the ‘measurement of actual imperfection size rather than on. ‘monitoring echo height, whenever ths is possible, Copyright by The Brith STandardsTesitotion ed Nov 10 16:1-20 1999 PARTHL 86 MM 1624669 OOS9LLS T mm BS 3923 : Part 1 : 1986 As fat as is consistent with the abow principles, quality Control levels for ultrasonic Inspection should be set in tetms of easly measurable parameters which have true relevance to both workmanship and service performance, If sensibly applied, this epproach will lead to mare rapid ‘and economical testing of a more consistent standard vithout increated risk of service failure, Table 31 details the parameters that need ta be speci order to achieve a fairly comprehensive contol of weld quality In sotting the specific acceptance values, account should be ‘taken of the purpose of the three Examination Levels, and the wide differences that exlst between them with regard to the eomprenensiveness of the wald examination. For example, there is litte point in setting stringont aceaptanco criteria for Examination Level 3 when these may be below the level for reliable detection. ‘BST BS¥3923 PART] 6b MM De24569 OOSTIGL Lm BS 2023 : Part 1: 1986 ‘Table 31. Imperfection paramaters to be specified inthe recommended form of acceptance standard for quality control applications (see note 1 fora key tothe identification syst used im he abe) Imprtactontypn | Examination Lal 1 Examination orl 2 Eamon Lal trolated poknt [- Z aa Loni Mortman eto hth exzeing | Astor Examlntion Lal! | At for Exam Lee ta sa on, Traneeie Mexia edo fight vesting | Aa for Examination Lawl | Noteplaie un Sep ere Theat asirum oa ght cag | Maximum aco aah ncodine | Moxtrum eco ih exceva Ineeecton Watts Taat e wate | ThadwiwethaateAae | TaaSintn Thad WAS (ines) E Fength THLT foracefet having | axcapt THL2 ard ThB2 ‘maximum geno helght sbove {THet where That < ThA. ‘Volumatrisimpertection | Maximum erostsoetionsl aimersion| As for Examination Lavel 1 Maxim echo elght exceeding Inany aroston exceding VIG}, | except Vic2 vias. Maximum individual or ogeregate | As for Examination Lovel 1 ‘Maximum inavidusl or agareyate Terath VILIYoron mmpartestion | axcope vit end Vio2 feng via orate ani honing 8 eroseanciona fan echo height exceeding VBS | dlimension exeeading VIDA hors rere Iba < VIA. | Worse Planer imoerfection Moximom through-thiokness 7s for Examination Level ‘eximum echo heiaht exceeding | [otner om sure Sinvrtion exceeding PIC heept PIC. Plas, broking detec, | longline ‘Maximum individual or agrenats | Maximum individual or aggregate | eximum individal or eaaregate Tanah PILT ireepoctve of Tangth PIL? Yor a datact ebnwing | neath PILS or acefect chowina (oom ection, thvoughihicenets dimension | enecho haght exccoding PBS, ‘exceeding PID2 where vere IBS © PLAS. ioe < Pica, Panarimpertection | Maximum throuph-thieknss | As for Examination Level 1 Haximary ocho boight exceeding {naar surface dimension exceeding Pst. ‘except PxC2. AAS, e Fongtenal ‘Marimurn indvival or aggrepata | Maxum invidul or agyrogate | Woximum individual or aparogate langth Pet frespective of TengthPsL2 fora detect showing | lngth PsL3 fora defer showing (owe section. I Throushtnisknest amansion | Sm ecto neigh exuding FB ing PxD2 where tehere P83 < PAS. x02 < P02, Planer imperfection | Maximum echo height exceesing | As for Examination Love! uot apaieae. canner) Pat neept PUA “Any defect showing Patorn2 or | Maximum through-thickness | Not epliable feapons inte throughthikes | monsion exceeding PtD2 oF timansons Pua, Iovermittne ‘Considered as ane imperection | Attar Examination Lave 1 ‘As for Examination Low 1 inmavfetion le elthr the detone long | exoape Y2 and 2. ‘opt YS end 25, the wins between aojosent Sotene ences 71 tes ht langth ofthe thortor Impertection, orth dstancs far In errs setion execads 21, ‘Multia (etuster) ‘Maximum cuba dimension J¥ ‘As for Exemination Leval 1 'Rs for Examination Levelt wpertections ‘within wilh the avoroae echo | excapt 2 and K2. except JB and KS. r height exceeds Kt (Copprght by he Bash STandardsTsttotion Wed Nov 10 16:29 1999 BSI BS*3423 PARTX) 8b MM Db24bb4 OOSTIL? 3 mm BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 ‘Table 31 (concluaea) Inmpertecton type ‘Examination Level Examination Level 2 Examination Level 3 Root eoneevty Maximum depth exceeding FHGT. | Maximum ocho helghtexcasting | As for Enamination Laval 2 eaz exeapt RAS, Maximum tnividvat or aggregate | Maximum indviaua or egaresste | As fo Examination Lava 2 Fenath MUL ove deivum dept | lenge nrLz owe wmien tne sano | Svenpt for LS ond ABS. ‘xeeods FUDT whore RUDT < FAC exceeds RB where tg? < Ra. Exons root penetration | Maximum dapth exceeding EpC1. | tsximum echo halght exceocing | As for Exomination Level 2 EDaZ. xcoot EDA Maximum inva! or azaregete | faximur indviaual or eparegat | Ac fo: Examination Level 2 length EDL! over which the dooth | length EpL2 over which aw ocho. | eneoot EpL and EpBS. Epot < Epc p82 < Epn2 NOTE 1. The citferint parameters are idotiid nthe tale by a nyse in which the Fst imperfection, the third ater the typeof parameter lean), sn the inl digit the Exemnatson Level ‘Typss of imperfection “Types of parameter Is folate tnpartacton ho eight tong! imperfection “Th: Three imperfection eho lpr, longltudinal imperfection VI: Volumatie imperfection cosssectonal mansion I : Plano inoeortnn anottinal) ‘oes eootonaldlmanion Planar imperecton (near surface) (longitudinal) fui dimencion (cirer imperfections) Planar imperoction (wansvorse), trape eco heighe (luster Imperfections) Root concavity Inepartection tats Excess root penetration oho aight (ranavere imperfections) Tongtudinaldiatanco etween imperfections thvourtthickness distance betwen impartatione NOTE 2. Tho agurgate length ofan imparfction ie based on a wel length 9 times the wel thickness or 80 mn whic “The wel lana shall be measured on the outer surface ofa curved component Many she ype af Nsorae ges? NOTE 4. imperfection echo heights are to be expresad asthe numberof dB ehove or blow the 3 mim DAC cure. NOTE 5. For the purpos of this abo the term nape surfs sdtinad a zane alacant wo ey fee urface of the wad ‘imansions of 8 mmm or Tp whicheveie the smal, where Tl he threat dosth ofthe vce. Copyright by The Brith STandardsTesitoTion ed Nov 10 16:31:20 1999 BSI BS*3923 BS 3923 : Part 1; 1986 Appendix B. Surface profile conditions and consequent testing limitations B.1 General “This appendix defines five different categories of weld surface preparation for linear butt welds and two categories fornon-inger welds, and describes the levels of test coverage and tho standard of tas that can be achiaved with each. The eatogories are as follows Linoar butt wolds undressed partially dressed to @ smooth profi partially Uressed Lo near flat profile fully drossed 5: fully dressed (spacial conditions) Nonvlinsar welds P86: aswvelded SP7: drossed flat ‘The surface requirements for Exemination Levels 1, 2 ond 3 ate specified In tables 3 to 28. In choosing the most propriate category when working to Examination Lovel 4, tttention should be psid to the goometry and access to the Joint, to ts thickness, and to tho Implications of the accaptanceeriterla for imperfection detection and sizing sequrany, Conditions $1 and $P2 may be sufficient in many clreurnstancas,alough its wcommended that SP bo the minimum quality for welds greater than 80 mm thick, In general, SP3 will be satisfactory for imperfoction ataction far provedures meeting the requirements of this, Part of BS 3923, excopt that SP4 is the minimum necessary hon scanning for teanaverseImporfectlons inertia components. Catagory $P5 may be required locally for the critical examination of known imperfections where ‘acceptability Is to be assessed on a fitness Tor purpose bass. NOTE. For oah category releting to but welds, the parent meta {hikes on te two ade of te Weld may not be exctly equal and there may boa unwoldable slope ecous the wold which ay lat the extont of sanning Category SPS i the normal etandard for the wel fillet of non-linear joint. Catagory $P7 is only required when the joint goomatry or access for inspection necessitates scanning from the weld surface Itself to obtein setistactory wold coverage “The different catagories of surface condition aro illustratod schematically In figure 4, B2 All surface profile categories Unless otherwise specified under the individual surfeco catonory, the surface finish (i.e. fine-scale roughness) of ell, surfaces on which scanning Isto be cariad out shall not exceed 6.3 jim ff (See BS 1134). A surface finish not ‘exceeding 2:2 nn shall be used for shear wave testing et 8 fraquoncy of 4 MHz or above. PART#L 66 MM LG24Gb9 OOSSDG8 5 ml B.3 Surface profile category SP1: undressed B.3.1 General 'No dressing is required excapt where necessary to remove ‘the source of any confusing ultrasonie signals. B32 Inspection B.3.2.1. The lower part of the weld and heat-affectod zone ‘can be tested for longitudinal imperfections by half-s techniques. The remeinder ean be examined by full-sk ‘techniques the bore is sultably shaped and Inaccassible for halt-skipexeminetion from the other surteces. Imperfections in the parent material adjacant to the weld, which would Intorfore withthe shear wave testing of the wold, can bo tected with normal probes. B.3.2.2 The weld and heat-ffectod zone cannot be ‘examined with normal probe. 1.3.2.3 Echoes from the wald cap may prevent detection ‘of imperfections In or near the wold eurface. B.3.2.4 Transverse imperfection detection i difficult because the peabe cannot bo placed on the weld B4 Surface profile category SP2: partially dressed to.a smooth profile B41 Goneral “The weld cap shall be dressed to a smooth profile, substan- tially flat aovoss the central portion and blending with the parent material on eitner side. No attempt Is required to das tho cap fluch with the parent material B.4.2 Inspection 8.4.2.1. The examination of the weld for longitudinal Imperfections Is les resriated than for the undressed condition. The top end bottom parts of the weld can be mined by half-kip teehniquse, but completa half sep [is rostretod by the step at the edge of the weld dy skip techniques, If the bore is cultably shaped. B.4.2.2. Normal probes can be placed on the wald but ccomplate coverage is restricted by the stop atthe adge of ‘the weld. 4.2.3. The detection of near surtaco wold importections Is better than In the undressed condition becausa the smooth profile radveat confusing nehows. B.4.2.4 Transvorse imperfection detoction Is rostricted, but les so than for the undcessed rordition, in particular, ‘the top of the weld can be scanned over most of its area. CoppreNe by he Bash STandarasTestoTion Wed Nov 10 1631-31 1999 “BSI BS*3923 PARTAL 8b MM Db24b69 OOSTLLG 7 BS 3923 : Part 1 1986 Local dressing only where found necessary (6) SP1: undressed Deviation from flatness may (b} $P2: partielly dressed to a smooth profile Deviation from flatness over any exceed 15 mm over any 50 mm length ol exceeding 50 mm length 45 mmm for SPL and 05 mm for SPS (6) SP3: partially dressed to a near fat profile Local dressing only where fauna necessary (6) SP8: as-welded (4) $P4: fully dressed and SPS: fully cessed (special conditions) Weld filet flat / except for snail radius at corners (1) $P7: dressed flat Figure 4. Schematic representation of the different categories of surfaco condition 45 Copyright by The Bash STandards Toston Wed Nov 10 16:31:22 1999 BSI BS¥*3423 BS 3923 ; Part 1 : 1986 B5 Surface profile category SP3: partially dressed to a near-flat profile B.S.1 General ‘The wold cap shall be drassod essentially flat and smoothly blended with the adjacant parent materia to allow probes to be scanned across the heat affected zone on to tho wold without ioc of coupling. The epocitie requiraments of SP may not be met at all positions along the wold B.5.2 Inspection 5.2.1 The full weld section can be examined for Tongituainalimportoctions by hal-skip techniques, 5.2.2 Normal probe testing of tho paront material, heatettected zones and most ofthe weld body is possible. 8.5.2.3 Tosting of the wold and hoataffected zones for ‘tranevorso imperfootions is possible by haltskip scanning from the weld surfa 8.5.2.4 When scanning over regions where deviations trom fleness oocur, there wil be some loss of both tt sensitivity and ring accuracy compared to that achievable on an SP4 fr SPS surface. B.6 Surface profile category SP4: fully dressed BAA Gonaral ‘Thewold,end where neoassary the adjacent parent material, shall be dressed to a sufficiontly high stndard to allow the probes to be seanned smoothly over the surface while maintaining satisfactory and raproduetble coupling. To this ‘ond, the following conditions shall bo rot (a) The maximum deviation ofthe surface from its ideal shave shall be les than 1.5 mm in any 60 mm length of surface. On flat or straight sections, this shall be assossed bby measuring the maximum gap which can develop under 8 60 mm long streight odge placod against the surface. This gap shall be less than 1.5 mm. On curved sactions, It shall be assessed by measuring the maximum {gap which can develop under a 50 mm fong template Curved to the nominal radius. This gap shall be less than 1.5 mm (6) The surface finish ofall parts ofthe surface from Which seanning Isto be cariad out, shall be equal to, ‘or better than 3.2 um A for froquencies of 4 MHz and ‘above, oF 6.3m A, where examination at lower ‘froquoneios le oquiad, 8.6.2 Inspection “This catogory allows tho highest standard of imperfection detectability, although In cartain cases, sizing accuracy may bbe lower than achiavable on surface finish SPB, NOTE, A minimum standard of $P4 should be speifed wheres ‘stil examination for transverse imperfections is called for PART#L 86 MM LG24L69 0059170 3 mw B,7 Surface profile category SP5: fully dressed (special conditions) B71 General ‘This condition is a specified for SPA (see B.6), excopt that in B.Gla) the maximum deviation of shape shall bo 0.5 mm, insteod of 1.8 mm, in any 50 mm longth of surface. B.7.2 Inspection 'SP6 allows the highest standard of ultrasonic testing, subject to any restrictions imposed by counterboring and ‘access, and shall be specified only upon explicit agreement prior to contract, except where local dressing is required for imperfection sizing (eg. in tables 3 to 6). B8 Surface profile category SP6: as-welded (non-linear welds) No dressing is carried out excape where necessary 10 the source of confusing ultrasonic signal. B Surface profile category SP7: dressed flat (non-linear welds) ‘The weld Tot shal! be dressea smooth and tat across its width, except atthe corners where a small radius is necossary ‘a blend inta the parent material. The surface roughness” shall not oxcoed 8.2 ym A, This category shall only be specified where itis required to carry out scans with the orabe placed on the weld surface, and the wold fille is more than 30 mm wide. Appendix C. Guidance on probe selection C1 General ‘Tho cholee of probe for any application should take into account the following features of the veld to be examined: {a} joint thickness and diameter; {b) joint geometry; {c) surfeoe conditions of the weld; {a} metallurgical structure ofthe weld and paront material; (6) type, potition and orientation of possible weld Imperfections. “The choles of probe will alsa depend in por on whether I isto be used for the inital detection end praliminary valuation of imperfections, or for their dotalled character- laation and sizing Probe selection Is genarally @ compromise and should be bated on the tactors ctelleg in C210 G.7 46 oppeee by The Bash STandarasTestoion Wed Nov 10 16:31:22 1999 BSI BS*3523 C2 Frequenoy Probe frequency has an effect on the following features of probe porformance. (a) Resolution, An increase inthe ultrasonic frequency ‘will decrease the pulse fongth and reduce the angle of beam spread for a given transducer size. These effects ill improve the resolutian in range ant resolution normal to the beam axis respeativey, and hence the ‘accuracy of imperfection sizing. (b) Attenuation. High frequency waves are more rapidly attenuated in their passage through the parent material andl wold metal, and thie effact bacomesineraaeingly important at long beam path ranges and in materials e hhaving a coarse metallurgical structure. For practical ‘Purposes shear wave angle probes of 4 MHz to 6 MHz can be used up to ranges of 200 mm in materials of Rormal grain structure but. at longer rangas or in more highly attenuative materials, the probe frequency should be in the rango 2 MHz to 3 MHz, Compression wave robes can be used satistacrorily at much longer ranges. (6) Coupling. Lower frequency probes are more tolerant ‘of surface roughnass than probee of 4 MHz to 6 Miz and are advisable ifthe operator is obliged to assess Imperfections by echo height on surfaces of varlable roughness. (4) Minimum discontinuity size. It is generally accepted that the minimum discontinuity that ean be detected is about half the ultrasonie wavelength, provided the noise is not excessive, {6} Reflection charactoristics Inthe same way that a ow frequency probe will have a wider boam in the far field than a higher frequency probe oF Ue same size, 0 the reflected beam from a discontinuity will also bo wider e ‘This effect alds the detection of unfavourably orientated imperfections particulary if large, smooth and planar, 9, the unfused root in certain double-sided welds. C3 Transducer size ‘The smaller tho transducer, the smaller the lenath and ‘lath of the near teld and the larger the beam epreed in the far Feld ata given frequency. ‘Small probae having 6 mm to 10 mm diameter transducers (or rectangular transducers of equivalent area) are therefore ‘most useful when working at short beam path ranges, For longer ranges, Le. greater than 100 mm For normat probes and greatar than 200 mm for angle probes, # trans dducar diameter of 15 mm ta:25 mm ie more suitable. On curved surfaces, particulary if concave, far greater Uniformity of coupling ean be obtained with a probe having 2 small contact face (se also C.5). 47 Copyright by The Bash STandards TasitoTion Wed Nov 10 16:31:21 199 PART) 86 MM Lb24665 OOS9171 5 ml BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 C4 Pulse length or a given frequency a probe may vary eoneidorably in the degree of damping applied tothe transducer and ‘consequently in the length of the ultrasonic pulse produced. For most purposes a short pulge is sdventageous | as it ges better range resolution. However, wien using the DGS system for measuring aquivalant lise raflactor diameters, mora consistent results may be obtained with a longer pulse probe on account of its narrower frequency spect un, C5 Probe shoe shape When testing components of less than 160 mm diameter {tis generally found advantageous to shape the probe shoe to the contour of the zeanning surface, where the design of the probe allows. This prevents probe rock, Improves coupling, and reduces the effect of the curved surface on ‘the shape of the transmitted beam, Lf the probe shoe i shaped, curved test blocks for the dotormination of the probe parameters, calibration uf Une time base, and setting of the reference sensitivity will Probably be required. C6 Probe angle “The choice of fixed probe anglee avsilable for practical wold examination js limited to zero degrees (0. compressional ‘Wave normal probe) and between 35° and 80° (i.e, shear wave angle proves). Variable angle probes are now available ‘and the use of these is permissible for special applications, NOTE. Comnorssinnl wave ange prabor ate now avalabla for austanitic welds, but ate not requited and ehould not be weed on ete seal wads An Important principle in choosing the probe beam angles is to promote the detection of any plener discontinuities by specular (mirrorsike) reflection, This is because specular signals are usualy strong and elear. There are three common configurations of probe and planar reflector by which pcoulor signals can be obtained: (@) by directing the beam to strike the expected pl the discontinuity at narmal incltenes, = 9. the exar ion of a weld fusion face by a probe giving normal idence; (b) for planar discontinuities which form 80 corners with a surface of the joint, by directing «beam from @ shear wave probe into the camor at an angle of incidence ‘which avoids amplitude loss cue to mode conversion (see the paregraph following (c), e.g. the root inspection Cf single-sided tn-tine butt weles using a 48° shear weve robo at half-kio: BSI BS*3923 BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 (c) by using separate transmitting and receiving probes as Inthe tandem technique; such more complex arrange- ‘ments might be used for special applations.. In choosing a probe angle it has to be remembered that a beam incident ong reflecting surfece at approximately 30° ull undergo « modo eorversion with a coneoquent love in reflected shear wave energy of up to 20 dB, This is of particular significence when evelueting corner reflectors, for which purpose the probe should be chosen to give, ‘an incident angle to the discontinuity of batween 40° tnd 65°. If lack of secess prevents this being achieved, an incident angle of between 65° and 75 ° should be used, although there will be some loss of shear wave energy due +0 madie conversion, When shear wave beams re Incident on large reflectors at between 25 ° and 35°, the strong compressional weve beam produced often gives rise to large spurious signals whieh may appear to originate from areas in the weld which ate actually sound. Where possible, shear wave probes with angles less than 38 ° should be avolded dus to the probable generation of subsidiary compressional wave beams. Similarly, angles above 70° to 78 °, depending on surface contour and roughness, should be avoided due to the production of spurious surface wave echoes. C7 Single/twin crystal probes ‘The single crystal probe is the most widely used type for weld examination and should be preterted at all ranges tbove a value that's from 18 mm to 30 mm, depending on dead zone lenath. Certain highly damped sinale erystal probes may be satisfactory down to ranges of 2 mm to 5 mm on walleiressed surfaces. At longer range, the sensitivity is generally better than for twin erystel probes, and the variation in axial intensity with ‘Twin crystal probes are generally used for scanning close to ‘the tost surface as there is no apparent dead zone to mask any imperfection echoes. The separate transmitting and receiving transducers are generally ‘tood-in' by a for! Ldogreoe (i. Fooused) to improve short rango sensitivity, but their performance falls off rapidly on either side of the focal range. ‘Twin crystal normal probes have the advantage over most single erystal types of allowing shaping to fit the contact ‘nace predictable (Copyright by The Bash STandardsTestoion Wed Nov 10 16:1: 1999 PARTS) 8b MM LE24GE9 0055372 7 Ml surface, Their plastic shoes also ellow more constant coupling than a hard faced probe. Appendix D. Counterboring and accass for scanning D.1 Counterboring Counterboring can cause difficulties in ultrasonic examina ‘ion for the following reesons (a) Echoes from an abrupt step close to the weld root can be confused with root imperfection indications. (b] When full-skip testing, a stepped-bore may give rise 40 additional ochoos which confuse interpretation beyond the halfskip range, (6) A stooply tapered bore wil cause deviation of the beam, and may ganarete strong echo due to mode changes (4) Machining mares on the countorbore can cause confusing echoes ‘To overcome these problems, the type and extent of the counterbore should be designed secordingly, and the Lltrasonic operator should have detailed knowledge of the counterbore employed and take this into account when examining he weld. “The followina four conditions of counterbore ars acceptable: (1) CB1: parallel counterbore with step well lear of the bounce postion for ull-skip examination of the near side of the wold; (2) CB2: parallel counterbore with step clear of weld Foot but not necessarily beyond the bounce pasition of CBI; (3) C83: porallelcounterboro with step position cerefully controlled such that the lower part of the weld may be inspected within half-skip range in front of the ‘counterbore, and the upper part between halfskip and fullskip range with the bounce from the inside surface ‘occurring behind the counterbore: (4) CB4: tapered counterbore, consisting of a shallow, wall definod, taper (6). “These conditions are illustrated, and the relevant dimensions sven, in figure 5. “BST BS*3923 PART#) 8b MM b24L65 0059173 9 Mm BS 3923 : Pert 1 : 1986 tsknws, | Cena ? L mm | mm ar >a [Sar | <2 | >126 wroa |i 4ot080 | >20 peo |>26 | ' «20 | iastg 201040 | 15° 401080 | 20°8 e@ >a jas's (6) Counterbore option 683 acs? 8 taper cate 7 e {4 Counterbore option O84 Figuto 8. Four seceptabe options of counterbore 49 Copyright by The Batis STandards Tslittion . Wed Nov 10 16:31:35 1999 BST BS¥3923 PARTXI BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 D2 Access for scanning D.2.1 General Fstrctions on the eccots for scanning may (eke tu fort (a1 prevonting the operator from manipulating the probe ‘an tho chosen scanning surface, .g. down the length of «small diameter branch; (restricting the rango of movement of the probe on tho scanning surface due to sudden changes In surface contour or the presence of a physical obstruction, D.22 Bore access ‘Access for scanning from the bores of components is limited by the distance down the bora thet the operator has 10 reech, termed “length of reach’, H, and by the bore diamezet, D. Unrestricted access, allowing layper ection detection and sizing to be earriad out, is obtained when His less than D, provided that D is not lss than 176 mn Partially restricted acces, allowing imperfection detection bout limiting imperfection sizing, is obtalnad whon H i oppee by he Bets STandards Testtoion Wed Nov 10 16:31:96 1999 “Sb MM LLEYEET OOSSI74 0 Mm sareater than D but less than 2D, egein provided that D is notless then 175 mm, and that H isnot more than 760 mm. Outside of those values no useful examination Is possible D.2.3 Restriction to seanning zone Table 32 gives a guide to the minimum lengths of tunobstructed straight L necessary to meet the requirements ‘of Examination Levels 1, 2 and 3. For the purposes of this ‘blo, the torm ‘straight includes curved surfaces of uniform radius. Sketches of the main tyae: of weld showing the postions from which the values of & are measured illustrated in figura 8, Goomettical features of the design may sometimes prevent the distances ealled for in the table trom being ataines in practice. However, provided the length of straight on both sides of the wold is not les than the parent matorial ‘thickness plus 20 mm, and the surface condition is SP3 or better, full coverage of the veld is generally possible, albalt 10.8 lower standerd, particularly with regard to sizing accuracy, 50 BSI BS*3723 PART) 8b MMH DG24Lb9 005975 2 Ml BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 Upper Upper el r sittace eerie Side 1 | Sige 2 Side 1 | sice 5 | ; \ r Le sittoce lowe ‘Length of counterbore (6) Double-sided butt weld (b) Single-sided bute weld Component 8 Component 8 \ outer surrace Bore Fomponant pa “Tb Length of coupterbere (c) Soton nozzle weld (4} Setthrough nozzle weld (single-sided) Component A Component 8 Surface 4 Surface 2 Component 8 surface 4 outer surface Ly (er surface 1} Surface 7 — Bore t 4 (or suetace 2) Comparent A (0) Structural T joint, or set-throuigh nozzle (dloubla-ided) (8) Crucitorm jaint | | Figur. Skotohes showing the position from which the values of Z. length of straight) | ‘and (longth of eounterbore) are meeeured | I 51 Copyright by The Bath STandardsTasitoTion Wed Nov 10 16:31:37 1999 BSI BSe3723 PART#) 6b mM UG24G69 OOSUL7 4 mm 8S 3023 ; Part 1: 1986 “Teble 92. Minimum length of stright, /, necessary to mat tha raquiramants of Examination Lave 1,2 and 3 {or diferont types of welded joint Weld yp0 Lanath of staat. Examination Lele 3,2and 2A | Examination Laval 2B ond 3 ute | Uaper Bier tw? [by 227 00 lor T< 95 panini tne double 11324! 20ers 28 or See] Loma sdertend2 | ey>2r+tootors100t0r7> 100 UL E3T 420 tor > 100 at | Umea [Bias too? [Ly 327 100 for? <60 Seer ae singe UB 2rsz0torr > 80 J A euaminaion La! Eh ‘secon | Component A | Outer Ly > 75 100 for <80 (se freon ELS ark do vers} 60 ore Lab 181g 2720 Component & typ aT, +20 Ly > 2Tp +20 tor Ty > 60 | ba > 18Tet = excon | Component A 143 Ts +100 for 79 < 80 aaa rose 11327 +20tor 3 80 are La 157, 42744208 ‘omponen8—| Ouer Ty >a7, +201 Bore La istet Tab 15Th for Fa 600 ‘ron |ComponenrA | Outw tip ers+70 fs Exaraiton Low eet Component A | Our Lib aT,+20 trout trl cor Lao 18Te Tat 208 Ta 1h Sie aa ees | Hise [Component | Outer Ey > Bp 100 for Ty <0 centers 1} 321b 420 or 7 60 Bore bz > 2Tp + Ty + 100 for Th < 60 As Examinstion Levels 1 and ibapinesurnse — |t Lane 2 Se | Gamponene A | Outer usb 2r, +20 = rouh - ras io eer) Tost a4 one — a sited [Component 8 Site 212 27s + 100 for Ta < 50 } As Examination Lav 1 ond 2 cs [12 fet aoo fore <0 J As Examinavon Lov 1 and [SR aeteer an “Examination Lal Tony. (hare boo ie cue {Not equited or Examination Lea? T, < 60 and bore of sce [xeminaton Lave end 2 wre no acs oboe of AB Wherobor of As scene, (Copyright by The Bash STandardsTestoion Wed Nov 10 16:31:28 1999 BSI Bs#3924 PARTXL 8b MM Lb24bb9 OOS9L77 & mm BS 3923 : Part 1: 1986 Tabla 32 (eoneluced) T Wold tvoe | Sconnina surtace Lonath of wala, Exominetion Levels 1,2and2A | Examination Levels 28 and’ ‘Suvewurat | Component A Side 1 5 S Hohn ——~ }—— ‘Side? Lg> Tot Tet 20 La 7120 Component | Side? by > 2Tp + 100 or Ty <60 Seem 11321 #20 ter 7, > 80 } ae Levee tend 2 | by > 27, +20 "As Examination Lavole 1 and 2 ‘orcitorm | Component A tye Ty! 20 = Joints Side2 Ly? Tat 20 ~ (Component 8 ‘Bide 7 by 3 27, + 100 for Ty <80 ee 11321 sorry 0 } ase Loves and2 Sided Ly 2 2Ty = 100 for Ty < 80 « Duemination Level a 143276 20 ter 74 80 Jae Lovett and2 ‘Node | Gompononts A and 8 | Outer and bore | No retcetion to lenath of aight normally enenuntard ‘off calelatons ave bard on a combination of fisher prectial probe anale lowest dip within each specified rang. Are general ule te minimum ‘eand-of” for fll skip teting Feaven by the equation Ly ~27 + 100 ram and for al skip by tne equation y = 271 20 mm, rhe Lyi Ue nium send-off Appendix E. Location of root: in-line butt welds. E11 General Boforo commencement of testing itis very important that ‘the exact position of the weld root is known. This i, particularly so when testing single-sided welds where the ‘oot is undressed and inaccessible. Wherever practical, one side of the joint shell be rmorke prior to welding ata stipulated distance from the weld centre line, This shall be done in such a way as not to Interfere with subsequent scanning of the weld. When promarking of the matorial has not beon carried out, ‘the ultrasonic methods deserved In E.2, E.3 or E.4 shall be used to position the weld root in single-sided wolds. Whore tho wold root i a right angles to the longitudinal axis ofthe pipe, the first action shal be to establish ‘datum line eround the pipe parallel to the root, ie. at right angles to the pipe axis, trom which all the basic measure- ‘ants referred to aro taken. bho many instanose whore thse methods do not acurately position the contre ofthe root. Copyright by The Bath STandards Tasitoion Wed Nov 10 16:31:39 1999 E.2 Normal probe method ‘This method is only applicable where the weld cap has been

    You might also like