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Ket people
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Kets
????, ???, Kyndeng, Ostygan
Eniseitsy.jpg
Kets
Total population
ca. 1,600
Regions with significant populations
Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia)
Russia 1,219 (2010)[1]
Ukraine 37 (2001)[2]
Languages
Ket, Russian
Religion
Russian Orthodoxy, Animism, Shamanism
Related ethnic groups
Yugh people
Location of Ket people
Map showing location in RussiaMap showing location in Russia
Shown within Russia
Location Most Ket live on the middle Yenisei River and tributaries, including a
group in the community of Kellog.
Coordinates 62�29'N 86�16'ECoordinates: 62�29'N 86�16'E
Kets (Russian: ????; Ket: Ostygan) are a Yeniseian people in Siberia. In the
Russian Empire, they were called Ostyaks, without differentiating them from several
other Siberian peoples. Later they became known as Yenisey ostyaks, because they
lived in the middle and lower basin of the Yenisei River in the Krasnoyarsk Krai
district of Russia.[3] The modern Kets lived along the eastern middle stretch of
the river before being assimilated politically into Russia between the 17th and
19th centuries. According to the 2010 census, there were 1,220 Kets in Russia.[1]

Contents
1 History
2 Language
3 Culture
4 Origin
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
History
The Ket are thought to be the only survivors of an ancient nomadic people believed
to have originally lived throughout central and southern Siberia. In the 1960s the
Yugh people were distinguished as a separate, though similar, group. Today's Kets
are the descendants of the tribes of fishermen and hunters of the Yenisei taiga,
who adopted some of the cultural ways of those original Ket-speaking tribes of
South Siberia. The earlier tribes engaged in hunting, fishing, and even reindeer
breeding in the northern areas.[1]

The Ket were incorporated into the Russian state in the 17th century. Their efforts
to resist were futile as the Russians deported them to different places to break up
their resistance. This also broke up their strictly organized patriarchal social
system and their way of life disintegrated. The Ket people ran up huge debts with
the Russians. Some died of famine, others of diseases introduced from Europe. By
the 19th century, the Kets could no longer survive without food support from the
Russian state.[4]

In the 20th century, the Soviets forced collectivization upon the Ket. They were
officially recognized as Kets in the 1930s when the Soviet Union started to
implement the self-definition policy with respect to indigenous peoples. However,
Ket traditions continued to be suppressed and self-initiative was discouraged.
Collectivization was completed by the 1950s and the Russian lifestyle and language
forced upon the Ket people.

The population of Kets has been relatively stable since 1923. According to the 2002
census, there were 1,494 Kets in Russia. This compares with 1,200 in the 1970
census. Today the Ket live in small villages along riversides and are no longer
nomadic.

Anuchin divides the Kets into three physical types: Aryan, Turkic, and Mixed;
Sinel'nikov, N.A criticizes this[5]

Language
The Ket language has been linked to the Na-Den� languages of North America in the
Den�Yeniseian language family.[6][7][8] This link has led to some collaboration
between the Ket and some northern Athabaskan peoples.[9]

Ket means "man" (plural deng "men, people"). The Kets of the Kas, Sym and Dubches
rivers use jugun as a self-designation. In 1788 Peter Simon Pallas was the earliest
scholar to publish observations about the Ket language in a travel diary.[citation
needed]

In 1926, there were 1,428 Kets, of whom 1,225 (85.8%) were native speakers of the
Ket language. The 1989 census counted 1,113 ethnic Kets with only 537 (48.3%)
native speakers left.

As of 2008, there were only about 100 people who still spoke Ket fluently, half of
them over 50.[6] It is entirely different from any other language in Siberia.[1]
Alexander Kotusov (1955�2019) was a Ket folk singer, composer and writer of songs
in the Ket language.[10]

Culture
The Ket traditional culture was researched by Matthias Castr�n, Vasiliy Ivanovich
Anuchin, Kai Donner, Hans Findeisen, and Yevgeniya Alekseyevna Alekseyenko.[11]
Shamanism was a living practice into the 1930s, but by the 1960s almost no
authentic shamans could be found. Shamanism is not a homogeneous phenomenon, nor is
shamanism in Siberia. As for shamanism among Kets, it shared characteristics with
those of Turkic and Mongolic peoples.[12] Additionally, there were several types of
Ket shamans,[13][14] differing in function (sacral rites, curing), power, and
associated animals (deer, bear).[14] Also, among Kets (as with several other
Siberian peoples such as the Karagas[15][16][17]) there are examples of the use of
skeleton symbolics.[12] Hopp�l interprets this as a symbol of shamanic rebirth,[18]
although it may symbolize also the bones of the loon (the helper animal of the
shaman, joining the air and underwater worlds, just like the story of the shaman
who travelled both to the sky and the underworld).[19] The skeleton-like overlay
represented shamanic rebirth among some other Siberian cultures as well.[20]

Of great importance to Kets are dolls,
wrapped in a scrap of cloth simulating
careless with a cigarette, said, "It's
down together with my dolls."[22] Kets
which sleep in the daytime and protect
described as "an animal shoulder bone
clothing."[21] One adult Ket, who had been
a shame I don't have my doll. My house burnt
regard their dolls as household deities,
them at night.[23]
Vajda spent a year in Siberia studying the Ket people, and finds a relationship
between the Ket language and the Na-Dene languages, of which Navajo is the most
prominent and widely spoken.

Vyacheslav Ivanov and Vladimir Toporov compared Ket mythology with that of Uralic
peoples, assuming in the studies that they are modelling semiotic systems in the
compared mythologies. They have also made typological comparisons.[24][25] Among
other comparisons, possibly from Uralic mythological analogies, the mythologies of
Ob-Ugric peoples[26] and Samoyedic peoples[27] are mentioned. Other authors have
discussed analogies (similar folklore motifs, purely typological considerations,
and certain binary pairs in symbolics) may be related to a dualistic organization
of society�some dualistic features can be found in comparisons with these peoples.
[28] However, for Kets, neither dualistic organization of society[29] nor
cosmological dualism[30] have been researched thoroughly. If such features existed
at all, they have either weakened or remained largely undiscovered.[29] There are
some reports of a division into two exogamous patrilinear moieties,[31] folklore on
conflicts of mythological figures, and cooperation of two beings in the creation of
the land,[30] the motif of the earth-diver.[32] This motif is present in several
cultures in different variants. In one example, the creator of the world is helped
by a waterfowl as the bird dives under the water and fetches earth so that the
creator can make land out of it. In some cultures, the creator and the earth-
fetching being (sometimes called a devil, or taking the shape of a loon) compete
with one another; in other cultures (including the Ket variant), they do not
compete at all, but rather collaborate.[33]

However, if dualistic cosmologies are defined in a broad sense, and not restricted
to certain concrete motifs, then their existence is more widespread; they exist not
only among some Uralic peoples, but in examples on every inhabited continent.[34]
[35]

Origin
The Ket people share their origin with other Yeniseian people. They are closely
related to other Siberians, East Asians and Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
They are a Mongoloid population and belong mostly exclusive to yDNA haplogroup Q-
M242.[36]

According to a recent study, the Ket and other Yeniseian people originated likely
somewhere near the Altai Mountains or near Lake Baikal. Many Yeniseians got
assimilated into today Turkic people. It is suggested that the Altaians are
predominantly of Yeniseian origin and closely related to the Ket people. Other
Siberian Turkic groups have also greatly assimilated Yeniseian people. The Ket
people are also closely related to several Native American groups. According to
this study, the Yeniseians are linked to Paleo-Eskimo groups.[37]

Ket woman, 1913

Ket women and children, 1913

Kets, 1913

Kets, 1913
Ket people, 1913

Ket people, 1913

Kets, 1913

Ket people, 1913

Ket people, 1913

Houseboats of the Ket, 1914

1914 photograph by the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen of a group of Ket around
a campfire. The people in the background wearing fur hats are Russians.

Ket dolls

See also
Yeniseian languages
List of indigenous peoples of Siberia
Notes
Vajda, Edward G. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". Archived from the original
on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
Ukrcensus.gov.ua[permanent dead link]
"Ket: Bibliographical guide". Institute of Linguistics (Russian Academy of
Sciences) & Kazuto Matsumura (Univ. of Tokyo). Retrieved 20 October 2006.
"THE KETS". The Peoples of the Red Book. Retrieved 5 August 2006.
Edward J. Vajda (2013). Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian
Studies with an ... Routledge. p. 263.
"Ket language family linked to Na-Dene language family | orbis quintus". 10 March
2008. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
"Public Lecture: The Siberian Origin of the Na-Dene Languages". University of
Alaska Fairbanks. 12 February 2008. Archived from the original on 28 May 2009.
Retrieved 22 June 2016.
"Dene-Yeniseic Symposium, February 2008". University of Alaska Fairbanks. 10
February 2008. Archived from the original on 26 May 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
"The Arctic Athabaskan Council and the Ket People of Siberian Russia Renew
Historic Contacts and Agree to Work Together | Talking Alaska".
talkingalaska.blogspot.com. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
Siberian Lang � Alexander Maksimovich Kotusov
Hopp�l 2005: 170�171
Hopp�l 2005: 172
Alekseyenko 1978
 Hopp�l 2005: 171
Di�szegi 1960: 128, 188, 243
Di�szegi 1960: 130
Hopp�l 1994: 75
Hopp�l 1994: 65
Hopp�l 2005: 198
Hopp�l 2005: 199
A. A. Malygna, Dolls of the Peoples of Siberia 1988, p. 132, cited in Edward J.
Vajda, Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an
annotated bibliography and a source guide, Curzon Press, 2001.
Werner Herzog, Happy People: A Year in the Taiga (documentary film) 2010.
Herzog
Ivanov & Toporov 1973
Ivanov 1984:390, in editorial afterword by Hopp�l
Ivanov 1984: 225, 227, 229
Ivanov 1984: 229, 230
Ivanov 1984: 229�231
Zolotaryov 1980: 39
Zolotaryov 1980: 48
Zolotaryov 1980: 37
Ivanov 1984: 229
Paulson 1975 :295
Zolotarjov 1980: 56
??WTY. "The Inexplicable Origins of the Ket People of Siberia". Ancient Origins.
Retrieved 17 April 2018.
"High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and
the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life".
doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0006.
Flegontov, Pavel; Changmai, Piya; Zidkova, Anastassiya; Logacheva, Maria D.;
Altinisik, N. Ezgi; Flegontova, Olga; Gelfand, Mikhail S.; Gerasimov, Evgeny S.;
Khrameeva, Ekaterina E. (11 February 2016). "Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-
Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry".
Scientific Reports. 6. doi:10.1038/srep20768. PMC 4750364. PMID 26865217.
References
Alekseyenko, E. A. (1978). "Categories of Ket Shamans". In Di�szegi, Vilmos;
Hopp�l, Mih�ly (eds.). Shamanism in Siberia. Budapest: Akad�miai Kiad�.
Di�szegi, Vilmos (1960). S�m�nok nyom�ban Szib�ria f�ldj�n. Egy n�prajzi kutat��t
t�rt�nete (in Hungarian). Budapest: Magveto K�nyvkiad�. The book has been
translated to English: Di�szegi, Vilmos (1968). Tracing shamans in Siberia. The
story of an ethnographical research expedition. Translated from Hungarian by Anita
Rajkay Bab�. Oosterhout: Anthropological Publications.
Hopp�l, Mih�ly (1994). S�m�nok, lelkek �s jelk�pek (in Hungarian). Budapest:
Helikon Kiad�. ISBN 963-208-298-2. The title means "Shamans, souls and symbols".
Hopp�l, Mih�ly (2005). S�m�nok Eur�zsi�ban (in Hungarian). Budapest: Akad�miai
Kiad�. ISBN 963-05-8295-3. The title means "Shamans in Eurasia", the book is
written in Hungarian, but it is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish.
Site of publisher with short description on the book (in Hungarian)
Ivanov, Vyacheslav; Vladimir Toporov (1973). "Towards the Description of Ket
Semiotic Systems". Semiotica. The Hague � Prague � New York: Mouton. IX (4):
318�346.
Ivanov, Vjacseszlav (=Vyacheslav) (1984). "Nyelvek �s mitol�gi�k". Nyelv, m�tosz,
kult�ra (in Hungarian). Collected, appendix, editorial afterword by Hopp�l, Mih�ly.
Budapest: Gondolat. ISBN 963-281-186-0. The title means: "Language, myth, culture",
the editorial afterword means: "Languages and mythologies".
Ivanov, Vjacseszlav (=Vyacheslav) (1984). "Obi-ugor �s ket folkl�rkapcsolatok".
Nyelv, m�tosz, kult�ra (in Hungarian). Collected, appendix, editorial afterword by
Hopp�l, Mih�ly. Budapest: Gondolat. pp. 215�233. ISBN 963-281-186-0. The title
means: "Language, myth, culture", the chapter means: "Obi-Ugric and Ket folklore
contacts".
Middendorff, A. Th., von (1987). Reis Taim?rile. Tallinn.
Paulson, Ivar (1975). "A vil�gk�p �s a term�szet az �szak-szib�riai n�pek
vall�s�ban". In Gulya, J�nos (ed.). A v�zimadarak n�pe. Tanulm�nyok a finnugor
rokon n�pek �lete �s muvelts�ge k�r�bol (in Hungarian). Budapest: Eur�pa
K�nyvkiad�. pp. 283�298. ISBN 963-07-0414-5. Chapter means: "The world view and the
nature in the religion of the North-Siberian peoples"; title means: "The people of
water fowls. Studies on lifes and cultures of the Finno-Ugric relative peoples".
Zolotarjov, A.M. (1980). "T�rsadalomszervezet �s dualisztikus teremt�sm�toszok
Szib�ri�ban". In Hopp�l, Mih�ly (ed.). A Tej�t fiai. Tanulm�nyok a finnugor n�pek
hitvil�g�r�l (in Hungarian). Budapest: Eur�pa K�nyvkiad�. pp. 29�58. ISBN 963-07-
2187-2. Chapter means: "Social structure and dualistic creation myths in Siberia";
title means: "The sons of Milky Way. Studies on the belief systems of Finno-Ugric
peoples".
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ket people.
Professor Ed Vajda talking about the importance of the Ket and their language, plus
a short story told by a Ket speaker.[dead link]
"The Kets". The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire.
Edward J, Vajda. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". Archived from the original
on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2005.
Ethnologue on Ket
Ket Language
Endangered Languages of the Indigenous Peoples of Siberia � The Ket Language
Yeniseian Peoples and Languages
The Ket People � Center for Instructional Innovation and Assessment
Starostin S.A.
Multimedia Database of Ket, Documentation of Endangered Languages at Laboratory for
Computer Lexicography Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Ket texts, a Ket tale "Balna" in original + in Russian and English, with linguistic
annotation.
Pavel Flegontov; et al. (13 August 2015). "Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-
Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry".
bioRxiv 024554.
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Wiki Loves Love Photograph your local culture, help Wikipedia and win!Hide
Ket people
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
Kets
????, ???, Kyndeng, Ostygan
Eniseitsy.jpg
Kets
Total population
ca. 1,600
Regions with significant populations
Krasnoyarsk Krai (Russia)
Russia 1,219 (2010)[1]
Ukraine 37 (2001)[2]
Languages
Ket, Russian
Religion
Russian Orthodoxy, Animism, Shamanism
Related ethnic groups
Yugh people
Location of Ket people
Map showing location in RussiaMap showing location in Russia
Shown within Russia
Location Most Ket live on the middle Yenisei River and tributaries, including a
group in the community of Kellog.
Coordinates 62�29'N 86�16'ECoordinates: 62�29'N 86�16'E
Kets (Russian: ????; Ket: Ostygan) are a Yeniseian people in Siberia. In the
Russian Empire, they were called Ostyaks, without differentiating them from several
other Siberian peoples. Later they became known as Yenisey ostyaks, because they
lived in the middle and lower basin of the Yenisei River in the Krasnoyarsk Krai
district of Russia.[3] The modern Kets lived along the eastern middle stretch of
the river before being assimilated politically into Russia between the 17th and
19th centuries. According to the 2010 census, there were 1,220 Kets in Russia.[1]

Contents
1 History
2 Language
3 Culture
4 Origin
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
History
The Ket are thought to be the only survivors of an ancient nomadic people believed
to have originally lived throughout central and southern Siberia. In the 1960s the
Yugh people were distinguished as a separate, though similar, group. Today's Kets
are the descendants of the tribes of fishermen and hunters of the Yenisei taiga,
who adopted some of the cultural ways of those original Ket-speaking tribes of
South Siberia. The earlier tribes engaged in hunting, fishing, and even reindeer
breeding in the northern areas.[1]

The Ket were incorporated into the Russian state in the 17th century. Their efforts
to resist were futile as the Russians deported them to different places to break up
their resistance. This also broke up their strictly organized patriarchal social
system and their way of life disintegrated. The Ket people ran up huge debts with
the Russians. Some died of famine, others of diseases introduced from Europe. By
the 19th century, the Kets could no longer survive without food support from the
Russian state.[4]

In the 20th century, the Soviets forced collectivization upon the Ket. They were
officially recognized as Kets in the 1930s when the Soviet Union started to
implement the self-definition policy with respect to indigenous peoples. However,
Ket traditions continued to be suppressed and self-initiative was discouraged.
Collectivization was completed by the 1950s and the Russian lifestyle and language
forced upon the Ket people.

The population of Kets has been relatively stable since 1923. According to the 2002
census, there were 1,494 Kets in Russia. This compares with 1,200 in the 1970
census. Today the Ket live in small villages along riversides and are no longer
nomadic.

Anuchin divides the Kets into three physical types: Aryan, Turkic, and Mixed;
Sinel'nikov, N.A criticizes this[5]

Language
The Ket language has been linked to the Na-Den� languages of North America in the
Den�Yeniseian language family.[6][7][8] This link has led to some collaboration
between the Ket and some northern Athabaskan peoples.[9]

Ket means "man" (plural deng "men, people"). The Kets of the Kas, Sym and Dubches
rivers use jugun as a self-designation. In 1788 Peter Simon Pallas was the earliest
scholar to publish observations about the Ket language in a travel diary.[citation
needed]

In 1926, there were 1,428 Kets, of whom 1,225 (85.8%) were native speakers of the
Ket language. The 1989 census counted 1,113 ethnic Kets with only 537 (48.3%)
native speakers left.

As of 2008, there were only about 100 people who still spoke Ket fluently, half of
them over 50.[6] It is entirely different from any other language in Siberia.[1]
Alexander Kotusov (1955�2019) was a Ket folk singer, composer and writer of songs
in the Ket language.[10]

Culture
The Ket traditional culture was researched by Matthias Castr�n, Vasiliy Ivanovich
Anuchin, Kai Donner, Hans Findeisen, and Yevgeniya Alekseyevna Alekseyenko.[11]
Shamanism was a living practice into the 1930s, but by the 1960s almost no
authentic shamans could be found. Shamanism is not a homogeneous phenomenon, nor is
shamanism in Siberia. As for shamanism among Kets, it shared characteristics with
those of Turkic and Mongolic peoples.[12] Additionally, there were several types of
Ket shamans,[13][14] differing in function (sacral rites, curing), power, and
associated animals (deer, bear).[14] Also, among Kets (as with several other
Siberian peoples such as the Karagas[15][16][17]) there are examples of the use of
skeleton symbolics.[12] Hopp�l interprets this as a symbol of shamanic rebirth,[18]
although it may symbolize also the bones of the loon (the helper animal of the
shaman, joining the air and underwater worlds, just like the story of the shaman
who travelled both to the sky and the underworld).[19] The skeleton-like overlay
represented shamanic rebirth among some other Siberian cultures as well.[20]

Of great importance to Kets are dolls,
wrapped in a scrap of cloth simulating
careless with a cigarette, said, "It's
down together with my dolls."[22] Kets
which sleep in the daytime and protect
described as "an animal shoulder bone
clothing."[21] One adult Ket, who had been
a shame I don't have my doll. My house burnt
regard their dolls as household deities,
them at night.[23]

Vajda spent a year in Siberia studying the Ket people, and finds a relationship
between the Ket language and the Na-Dene languages, of which Navajo is the most
prominent and widely spoken.

Vyacheslav Ivanov and Vladimir Toporov compared Ket mythology with that of Uralic
peoples, assuming in the studies that they are modelling semiotic systems in the
compared mythologies. They have also made typological comparisons.[24][25] Among
other comparisons, possibly from Uralic mythological analogies, the mythologies of
Ob-Ugric peoples[26] and Samoyedic peoples[27] are mentioned. Other authors have
discussed analogies (similar folklore motifs, purely typological considerations,
and certain binary pairs in symbolics) may be related to a dualistic organization
of society�some dualistic features can be found in comparisons with these peoples.
[28] However, for Kets, neither dualistic organization of society[29] nor
cosmological dualism[30] have been researched thoroughly. If such features existed
at all, they have either weakened or remained largely undiscovered.[29] There are
some reports of a division into two exogamous patrilinear moieties,[31] folklore on
conflicts of mythological figures, and cooperation of two beings in the creation of
the land,[30] the motif of the earth-diver.[32] This motif is present in several
cultures in different variants. In one example, the creator of the world is helped
by a waterfowl as the bird dives under the water and fetches earth so that the
creator can make land out of it. In some cultures, the creator and the earth-
fetching being (sometimes called a devil, or taking the shape of a loon) compete
with one another; in other cultures (including the Ket variant), they do not
compete at all, but rather collaborate.[33]

However, if dualistic cosmologies are defined in a broad sense, and not restricted
to certain concrete motifs, then their existence is more widespread; they exist not
only among some Uralic peoples, but in examples on every inhabited continent.[34]
[35]

Origin
The Ket people share their origin with other Yeniseian people. They are closely
related to other Siberians, East Asians and Indigenous peoples of the Americas.
They are a Mongoloid population and belong mostly exclusive to yDNA haplogroup Q-
M242.[36]

According to a recent study, the Ket and other Yeniseian people originated likely
somewhere near the Altai Mountains or near Lake Baikal. Many Yeniseians got
assimilated into today Turkic people. It is suggested that the Altaians are
predominantly of Yeniseian origin and closely related to the Ket people. Other
Siberian Turkic groups have also greatly assimilated Yeniseian people. The Ket
people are also closely related to several Native American groups. According to
this study, the Yeniseians are linked to Paleo-Eskimo groups.[37]

Ket woman, 1913

Ket women and children, 1913

Kets, 1913

Kets, 1913

Ket people, 1913

Ket people, 1913

Kets, 1913

Ket people, 1913

Ket people, 1913

Houseboats of the Ket, 1914

1914 photograph by the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen of a group of Ket around
a campfire. The people in the background wearing fur hats are Russians.

Ket dolls

See also
Yeniseian languages
List of indigenous peoples of Siberia
Notes
Vajda, Edward G. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". Archived from the original
on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
Ukrcensus.gov.ua[permanent dead link]
"Ket: Bibliographical guide". Institute of Linguistics (Russian Academy of
Sciences) & Kazuto Matsumura (Univ. of Tokyo). Retrieved 20 October 2006.
"THE KETS". The Peoples of the Red Book. Retrieved 5 August 2006.
Edward J. Vajda (2013). Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian
Studies with an ... Routledge. p. 263.
"Ket language family linked to Na-Dene language family | orbis quintus". 10 March
2008. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
"Public Lecture: The Siberian Origin of the Na-Dene Languages". University of
Alaska Fairbanks. 12 February 2008. Archived from the original on 28 May 2009.
Retrieved 22 June 2016.
"Dene-Yeniseic Symposium, February 2008". University of Alaska Fairbanks. 10
February 2008. Archived from the original on 26 May 2009. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
"The Arctic Athabaskan Council and the Ket People of Siberian Russia Renew
Historic Contacts and Agree to Work Together | Talking Alaska".
talkingalaska.blogspot.com. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
Siberian Lang � Alexander Maksimovich Kotusov
Hopp�l 2005: 170�171
Hopp�l 2005: 172
Alekseyenko 1978
Hopp�l 2005: 171
Di�szegi 1960: 128, 188, 243
Di�szegi 1960: 130
Hopp�l 1994: 75
Hopp�l 1994: 65
 Hopp�l 2005: 198
Hopp�l 2005: 199
A. A. Malygna, Dolls of the Peoples of Siberia 1988, p. 132, cited in Edward J.
Vajda, Yeniseian Peoples and Languages: A History of Yeniseian Studies with an
annotated bibliography and a source guide, Curzon Press, 2001.
Werner Herzog, Happy People: A Year in the Taiga (documentary film) 2010.
Herzog
Ivanov & Toporov 1973
Ivanov 1984:390, in editorial afterword by Hopp�l
Ivanov 1984: 225, 227, 229
Ivanov 1984: 229, 230
Ivanov 1984: 229�231
Zolotaryov 1980: 39
Zolotaryov 1980: 48
Zolotaryov 1980: 37
Ivanov 1984: 229
Paulson 1975 :295
Zolotarjov 1980: 56
??WTY. "The Inexplicable Origins of the Ket People of Siberia". Ancient Origins.
Retrieved 17 April 2018.
"High Levels of Y-Chromosome Differentiation among Native Siberian Populations and
the Genetic Signature of a Boreal Hunter-Gatherer Way of Life".
doi:10.1353/hub.2003.0006.
Flegontov, Pavel; Changmai, Piya; Zidkova, Anastassiya; Logacheva, Maria D.;
Altinisik, N. Ezgi; Flegontova, Olga; Gelfand, Mikhail S.; Gerasimov, Evgeny S.;
Khrameeva, Ekaterina E. (11 February 2016). "Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-
Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry".
Scientific Reports. 6. doi:10.1038/srep20768. PMC 4750364. PMID 26865217.
References
Alekseyenko, E. A. (1978). "Categories of Ket Shamans". In Di�szegi, Vilmos;
Hopp�l, Mih�ly (eds.). Shamanism in Siberia. Budapest: Akad�miai Kiad�.
Di�szegi, Vilmos (1960). S�m�nok nyom�ban Szib�ria f�ldj�n. Egy n�prajzi kutat��t
t�rt�nete (in Hungarian). Budapest: Magveto K�nyvkiad�. The book has been
translated to English: Di�szegi, Vilmos (1968). Tracing shamans in Siberia. The
story of an ethnographical research expedition. Translated from Hungarian by Anita
Rajkay Bab�. Oosterhout: Anthropological Publications.
Hopp�l, Mih�ly (1994). S�m�nok, lelkek �s jelk�pek (in Hungarian). Budapest:
Helikon Kiad�. ISBN 963-208-298-2. The title means "Shamans, souls and symbols".
Hopp�l, Mih�ly (2005). S�m�nok Eur�zsi�ban (in Hungarian). Budapest: Akad�miai
Kiad�. ISBN 963-05-8295-3. The title means "Shamans in Eurasia", the book is
written in Hungarian, but it is published also in German, Estonian and Finnish.
Site of publisher with short description on the book (in Hungarian)
Ivanov, Vyacheslav; Vladimir Toporov (1973). "Towards the Description of Ket
Semiotic Systems". Semiotica. The Hague � Prague � New York: Mouton. IX (4):
318�346.
Ivanov, Vjacseszlav (=Vyacheslav) (1984). "Nyelvek �s mitol�gi�k". Nyelv, m�tosz,
kult�ra (in Hungarian). Collected, appendix, editorial afterword by Hopp�l, Mih�ly.
Budapest: Gondolat. ISBN 963-281-186-0. The title means: "Language, myth, culture",
the editorial afterword means: "Languages and mythologies".
Ivanov, Vjacseszlav (=Vyacheslav) (1984). "Obi-ugor �s ket folkl�rkapcsolatok".
Nyelv, m�tosz, kult�ra (in Hungarian). Collected, appendix, editorial afterword by
Hopp�l, Mih�ly. Budapest: Gondolat. pp. 215�233. ISBN 963-281-186-0. The title
means: "Language, myth, culture", the chapter means: "Obi-Ugric and Ket folklore
contacts".
Middendorff, A. Th., von (1987). Reis Taim?rile. Tallinn.
Paulson, Ivar (1975). "A vil�gk�p �s a term�szet az �szak-szib�riai n�pek
vall�s�ban". In Gulya, J�nos (ed.). A v�zimadarak n�pe. Tanulm�nyok a finnugor
rokon n�pek �lete �s muvelts�ge k�r�bol (in Hungarian). Budapest: Eur�pa
K�nyvkiad�. pp. 283�298. ISBN 963-07-0414-5. Chapter means: "The world view and the
nature in the religion of the North-Siberian peoples"; title means: "The people of
water fowls. Studies on lifes and cultures of the Finno-Ugric relative peoples".
Zolotarjov, A.M. (1980). "T�rsadalomszervezet �s dualisztikus teremt�sm�toszok
Szib�ri�ban". In Hopp�l, Mih�ly (ed.). A Tej�t fiai. Tanulm�nyok a finnugor n�pek
hitvil�g�r�l (in Hungarian). Budapest: Eur�pa K�nyvkiad�. pp. 29�58. ISBN 963-07-
2187-2. Chapter means: "Social structure and dualistic creation myths in Siberia";
title means: "The sons of Milky Way. Studies on the belief systems of Finno-Ugric
peoples".
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ket people.
Professor Ed Vajda talking about the importance of the Ket and their language, plus
a short story told by a Ket speaker.[dead link]
"The Kets". The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire.
Edward J, Vajda. "The Ket and Other Yeniseian Peoples". Archived from the original
on 6 April 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2005.
Ethnologue on Ket
Ket Language
Endangered Languages of the Indigenous Peoples of Siberia � The Ket Language
Yeniseian Peoples and Languages
The Ket People � Center for Instructional Innovation and Assessment
Starostin S.A.
Multimedia Database of Ket, Documentation of Endangered Languages at Laboratory for
Computer Lexicography Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Ket texts, a Ket tale "Balna" in original + in Russian and English, with linguistic
annotation.
Pavel Flegontov; et al. (13 August 2015). "Genomic study of the Ket: a Paleo-
Eskimo-related ethnic group with significant ancient North Eurasian ancestry".
bioRxiv 024554.
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