1. 2.

ORGANIZATION OF THE LEGISLATURE

Article VI, Sections 15-21,

a. Composition
• Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No. 202242, 17 July 2012.
• Social Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Board, G.R. No. 157870, 3 November 2008.
• Sema v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177597, 16 July 2008.
• Aquino v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 189793, 7 April 2010.

b. Officers (Section 16)

• Avelino v. Cuenco, March 4, 1949
• Santiago v. Guingona, supra
• Arroyo, et al. v. De Venecia, 277 SCRA 268 (1997)

c. Internal Discipline (Section 16)

• Osmeña v. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 (1960)
• Paredes, Jr. v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 118364, August 8, 1995
• Defensor-Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R> No. 128055, 18 April 2001.

i. Journals (Section 16)

• US v. Pons, 34 Phil. 729 (1916)
• Casco v. Phil. Chemical Co. v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347 (1963)
• Astorga v. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714 (1974)

Electoral Tribunals (Section 17)

• Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936)
• Abbas, et al. v. Senate, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
• Lazatin v. COMELEC, 157 SCRA 337 (1988)
• Lazatin v. COMELEC, 168 SCRA 391 (1988)
• Vinzons-Chato v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET) and Panotes G.R. No. 199149; GR No.
201350, January 22, 2013
• Tagolino v. HRET and Torres-Gomez, G.R. No. 202202, March 19, 2013.
• Barbers v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 165691, 22 June 2005.
• Pimentel v. HRET, G.R. No. 141489, 29 November 2002.
• Bondoc v. Pineda, G.R. No. 97710, 26 September 1991.
• Ongsiako Reyes v. COMELEC, GR No. 207264, June 25, 2013

1. 3. POWERS OF CONGRESS
Article VI, Sections 1, 5, 18, 21, 25-28
Article III

a. Non-delegability of legislative power (Section 1)

• Eastern Shipping Lines v. POEA, 166 SCRA 533 (1988)
• Tablarin v. Gutierrez, 152 SCRA 730 (1987)
• Tatad v. Secretary of Energy, 282 SCRA 337 (1997)
• People v. Dacuycuy, 173 SCRA 90 (1989)
• Chiongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253 (1995)
• Sema v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177597, July 16 2008 [In relation to Art. VI, Sec. 5]

b. Commission on Appointments (Section 18)

• Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
• Coseteng v. Mitra, Jr., 187 SCRA 377 (1990)
• Guingona, Jr. v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789 (1992)

c. Legislative Investigations (Section 21)

• Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29, 45 (1950)
• Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Comm., 203 SCRA 767 (1991)
• Sabio, v. Gordon, et al. - G.R. No. 174340, October 17, 2006
• Romulo L. Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and
Investigations, Senate Committee on Trade and Commerce, and Senate
Committee on National Defense and Security, G.R. No. 180643 (2008)
• Garcillano v. House Committee on Public Information, G.R. No. 170338, 23 Decemnber
 2008.

1. 4. LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
Article VI, Sections 24-29

a. Legislative Procedure and Restrictions

• Abas Kida v. Senate, G.R. No. 196271, 18 October 2011.
• Abakada Guro Partylist v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 168056, 1
September 2005.
• Arroyo v. De Venecia, G.R. No. 127255, 14 August 1997.

a. Appropriations (Section 25)

• Garcia v. Mata, 65 SCRA 517 (1975)

b. Transfer of Funds (Section 25)

• Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208 (1987)
• Araullo vs.. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287 February 3, 2015; read also the original decision
on July 1, 2014

c. Subject and Title of Bills (Section 26)

• Central Capiz v. Ramirez, 40 Phil. 883, 891 (1920)
• Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, 235 SCRA 630 (1994)
• De Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118, 19 July 2000.

d. Item Veto (Section 27)

• Commission of Internal Revenue v. CTA, 185 SCRA 329 (1990)
• Gonzales v. Macaraig, 191 SCRA 452 (1990)
• Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 508 (1994)
• Belgica, et al. v. Executive Secretary, et al GR No. 208566, November 11, 2013

e. Tax Laws (Section 28)

• Commissioner of BIR v. CA, 298 SCRA 83 (1998)
• CIR v. Santos, 277 SCRA 617 (1997)

f. Expenditure of Funds (Section 29)

• Guingona, Jr. v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221 (1991)
• Pascual v. Secretary of Public Works, 110 Phil. 331-346 (1960)
• Osmeña v. Orbos, 220 SCRA 703 (1993)
• Remman Enterprises, Inc. vs. Professional Regulatory Board of Real Estate Service and Professional Regulation
Commission G.R. No. 197676, February 4, 2014.

1. 5. INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM

Article VI, Section 32

a. Initiative and Referendum (Section 32)

• Garcia v. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 279 (1994)

LAWS:
• RA No. 7941: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ELECTION OF PARTY-LIST REPRESENTATIVES THROUGH THE
PARTY-LIST SYSTEM, March 3, 1995.
• RA No. 6735: AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A SYSTEM OF INITIATIVE AND REFERENDUM, August 4, 1989

V. WHO IMPLEMENTS THE LAW AND RUNS THE GOVERNMENT? (EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT)

CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

1. 1. PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT

Article VII, Sections. 2-13

1. 2. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT

Article VII, Sections 1, 13-23
 Article X, Sections 4 and 16
Article VI, Sections 9, 23, 27, 28
Article III, Section 13
Article VI, Section 23 (2)
Article XII, Section 21

CASE LIST
1. 1. PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT
Article VII, Sections. 2-13

1. a. Election and Canvass (Section 4)

• Macalintal v. COMELEC. 405 SCRA 614 (2003)
• Congressman Lopez v. Senate and House, G.R. No. 163556, June 4, 2004.
• Pimentel v. Joint Canvassing Committee, June 22, 2004

1. b. Vacancy situations during the term (Section 8)

• Estrada v. Desierto, supra

1. c. Temporary Disability (Section 8)

• Estrada v. Desierto, supra

1. d. Prohibitions (Section 13)

• Doromal v. Sandiganbayan, 177 SCRA 354 (1989)
• Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA 317 (1991)
• Bitonio Jr. v. COA, G.R. No. 147392, March 12, 2004
• Estrada v. Desierto, supra
• Soliven v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393 (1988)

1. Chavez v. Judicial and Bar Council, G.R. No. 202242, 17 July 2012.
2. Social Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Board, G.R. No. 157870, 3 November 2008.
3. Sema v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177597, 16 July 2008.
4. Aquino v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 189793, 7 April 2010.
5. Avelino v. Cuenco, March 4, 1949
6. Santiago v. Guingona, supra
7. Arroyo, et al. v. De Venecia, 277 SCRA 268 (1997)
8. Osmeña v. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 (1960)
9. Paredes, Jr. v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 118364, August 8, 1995

10. Defensor-Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R> No. 128055, 18 April 2001.

11. US v. Pons, 34 Phil. 729 (1916)
12. Casco v. Phil. Chemical Co. v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347 (1963)
13. Astorga v. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714 (1974)
14. Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936)
15. Abbas, et al. v. Senate, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
16. Lazatin v. COMELEC, 157 SCRA 337 (1988)
17. Lazatin v. COMELEC, 168 SCRA 391 (1988)
18. Vinzons-Chato v. House of Representatives Electoral Tribunal (HRET) and Panotes G.R. No. 199149; GR
No. 201350, January 22, 2013

19. Tagolino v. HRET and Torres-Gomez, G.R. No. 202202, March 19, 2013.
20. Barbers v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 165691, 22 June 2005.
21. Pimentel v. HRET, G.R. No. 141489, 29 November 2002.
22. Bondoc v. Pineda, G.R. No. 97710, 26 September 1991.
23. Ongsiako Reyes v. COMELEC, GR No. 207264, June 25, 2013
24. Eastern Shipping Lines v. POEA, 166 SCRA 533 (1988)
25. Tablarin v. Gutierrez, 152 SCRA 730 (1987)
26. Tatad v. Secretary of Energy, 282 SCRA 337 (1997)
27. People v. Dacuycuy, 173 SCRA 90 (1989)
28. Chiongbian v. Orbos, 245 SCRA 253 (1995)
29. Sema v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 177597, July 16 2008 [In relation to Art. VI, Sec. 5]
30. Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496 (1989)
31. Coseteng v. Mitra, Jr., 187 SCRA 377 (1990)
32. Guingona, Jr. v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789 (1992)
33. Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29, 45 (1950)
34. Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Comm., 203 SCRA 767 (1991)
35. Sabio, v. Gordon, et al. - G.R. No. 174340, October 17, 2006
36. Romulo L. Neri v. Senate Committee on Accountability of Public Officers and Investigations, Senate
Committee on Trade and Commerce, and Senate Committee on National Defense and Security, G.R. No.
180643 (2008)

37. Garcillano v. House Committee on Public Information, G.R. No. 170338, 23 Decemnber 2008.
38. Abas Kida v. Senate, G.R. No. 196271, 18 October 2011.
39. Abakada Guro Partylist v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 168056, 1 September 2005.
40. Arroyo v. De Venecia, G.R. No. 127255, 14 August 1997.
41. Garcia v. Mata, 65 SCRA 517 (1975)
42. Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208 (1987)
43. Araullo vs.. Aquino III, G.R. No. 209287 February 3, 2015; read also the original decision on July 1, 2014
44. Central Capiz v. Ramirez, 40 Phil. 883, 891 (1920)
45. Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, 235 SCRA 630 (1994)

46. De Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No. 129118, 19 July 2000.

47. Commission of Internal Revenue v. CTA, 185 SCRA 329 (1990)
48. Gonzales v. Macaraig, 191 SCRA 452 (1990)
49. Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 508 (1994)
50. Belgica, et al. v. Executive Secretary, et al GR No. 208566, November 11, 2013
51. Commissioner of BIR v. CA, 298 SCRA 83 (1998)
52. CIR v. Santos, 277 SCRA 617 (1997)
53. Guingona, Jr. v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221 (1991)
54. Pascual v. Secretary of Public Works, 110 Phil. 331-346 (1960)
55. Osmeña v. Orbos, 220 SCRA 703 (1993)

56. Remman Enterprises, Inc. vs. Professional Regulatory Board of Real Estate Service and Professional
Regulation Commission G.R. No. 197676, February 4, 2014.
57. Garcia v. COMELEC, 237 SCRA 279 (1994)
58. Macalintal v. COMELEC. 405 SCRA 614 (2003)
59. Congressman Lopez v. Senate and House, G.R. No. 163556, June 4, 2004.
60. Pimentel v. Joint Canvassing Committee, June 22, 2004
61. Estrada v. Desierto, supra
62. Doromal v. Sandiganbayan, 177 SCRA 354 (1989)
63. Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary, 194 SCRA 317 (1991)
64. Bitonio Jr. v. COA, G.R. No. 147392, March 12, 2004
65. Soliven v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393 (1988)
1. 2. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENT
Article VII, Sections 1, 13-23

1. a. Executive Power (Section 1)

• Carpio v. Executive Secretary, 206 SCRA 290 (1992)
• Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 (1989)
• Pichay Jr. v. Office of the Deputy Executive Secretary for Legal Affairs GR No. 196425, 24 July 2012
• Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952) See also: Jackson's Concurring Opinion (focus on
Justice Jackson's three categorization's of presidential power and his concept of “zone of twilight”)

1. b. Power to Appoint and Prohibited Appointments (Section 16)

• Government v. Springer, 50 Phil. 259 (1927)
• Bermudez v. Executive Secretary, 213 SCRA 733 (1999)
• Matibag v. Benipayo, 380 SCRA 49 (2002)
• De Castro v. JBC; GR No. 191002, March 17,2010
• Funa v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 184740, February 11, 2010
• Calderon v. Carale, G.R. No. 91636, 23 April 1992.
• Rufino v. Endriga, G.R. No. 139554, 21 July 2006.
• Luego v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 69137, 5 August 1986.

1. c. Power of Control and Supervision, and the Doctrine of Qualified

Political Agency (Section 17)
• Lacson-Magallanes v Paño, 21 SCRA 895
• Blaquera, et al. v. Alcala, 295 SCRA 366 (1998)
• DENR v. DENR Employees, 409 SCRA 359 (2003)
• Senate v. Ermita, 488 SCRA 1 (2006)
• Rufino v. Endriga, G.R. No. 139554, July 21, 2006
• Drilon v. Lim, G.R. No. 112497, 4 August 1994.
• Ople v. Torres, G.R. No. 127685. 23 July 1998.
• Kilusang Mayo Uno v. Director General of NEDA, G.R. No. 167798, 19 April 2006.
• Biraogo v. Truth Commission, G.R. No. 192935, 7 December 2010.
• Angeles v. Gaite, G.R. No. 176596, 23 March 2011.

1. d. Emergency Powers (Section 18)

• Lansang vs. Garcia G.R. No. L-33964 December 11, 1971
• Sanidad v. COMELEC, 73 SCRA 333 (1976)
• Aquino, Jr. v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
• Enrile v. Salazar G.R. 92163, June 5, 1990
• Enrile vs. Sandiganbayan GR 213847 (August 18, 2015)
• Ilagan vs. Enrile, G.R. No. 70748 October 21, 1985
• Brocka et. al. vs. Enrile G.R. No. 69863-65 (December 10, 1990)
• Gudani v. Senga, SCRA 498 SCRA 671 (2006)
• IBP vs. Zamora, et al. G.R. No. 141284. August 15, 2000.
• Sanlakas v. Reyes, G.R. No. 159085, February 3, 2004.
• Gonzales v. Abaya, 498 SCRA 445 (2006)
• David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
• Fortun vs. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, as Commander-in-Chief and President of the
Republic of the Philippines, Eduardo Ermita, G.R. No. 190293 March 20, 2012,
See also: Dissent of Justice Carpio.
• Lagman vs Medialdea G.R. No. 231658/G.R. No. 231771/G.R. No. 231774. July 4, 2017
• Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, 10 May 2011.

1. Power to Pardon and Grant Amnesty (Section 19)

• Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, 82 Phil. 642 (1949)
• Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190 (1989)
• Llamas v. Orbos, 202 SCRA 844 (1991)
• Drilon v. CA, 202 SCRA 378 (1991)
• Atty. Alicia Risos-Vidal, vs. COMELEC and Joseph Ejercito Estrada G.R. No. 206666
January 21, 2015
• People v. Salle, G.R. No. 103567, 4 December 1995.
1. f. International Agreement (Section 21)
• Bayan v. Executive Secretary, 342 SCRA 449 (2000)
• Secretary of Justice v. Judge Lantion, 343 SCRA 377 (2000)
• Akbayan v. Aquino, supra
• Bayan Muna v. Romulo, G.R. No. 159618, 1 February 2011.
1. Carpio v. Executive Secretary, 206 SCRA 290 (1992)
2. Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 (1989)
3. Pichay Jr. v. Office of the Deputy Executive Secretary for Legal Affairs GR No. 196425,
24 July 2012
4. Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952) See also: Jackson's
Concurring Opinion (focus on Justice Jackson's three categorization's of presidential
power and his concept of “zone of twilight”)
5. Government v. Springer, 50 Phil. 259 (1927)
6. Bermudez v. Executive Secretary, 213 SCRA 733 (1999)
7. Matibag v. Benipayo, 380 SCRA 49 (2002)
8. De Castro v. JBC; GR No. 191002, March 17,2010
9. Funa v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 184740, February 11, 2010
10. Calderon v. Carale, G.R. No. 91636, 23 April 1992.

11. Rufino v. Endriga, G.R. No. 139554, 21 July 2006.

12. Luego v. Civil Service Commission, G.R. No. 69137, 5 August 1986.
13. Lacson-Magallanes v Paño, 21 SCRA 895
14. Blaquera, et al. v. Alcala, 295 SCRA 366 (1998)
15. DENR v. DENR Employees, 409 SCRA 359 (2003)
16. Senate v. Ermita, 488 SCRA 1 (2006)
17. Rufino v. Endriga, G.R. No. 139554, July 21, 2006
18. Drilon v. Lim, G.R. No. 112497, 4 August 1994.
19. Ople v. Torres, G.R. No. 127685. 23 July 1998.
20. Kilusang Mayo Uno v. Director General of NEDA, G.R. No. 167798, 19 April 2006.

21. Biraogo v. Truth Commission, G.R. No. 192935, 7 December 2010.

22. Angeles v. Gaite, G.R. No. 176596, 23 March 2011.
23. Lansang vs. Garcia G.R. No. L-33964 December 11, 1971
24. Sanidad v. COMELEC, 73 SCRA 333 (1976)
25. Aquino, Jr. v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
26. Enrile v. Salazar G.R. 92163, June 5, 1990
27. Enrile vs. Sandiganbayan GR 213847 (August 18, 2015)
28. Ilagan vs. Enrile, G.R. No. 70748 October 21, 1985
29. Brocka et. al. vs. Enrile G.R. No. 69863-65 (December 10, 1990)
30. Gudani v. Senga, SCRA 498 SCRA 671 (2006)

31. IBP vs. Zamora, et al. G.R. No. 141284. August 15, 2000.
32. Sanlakas v. Reyes, G.R. No. 159085, February 3, 2004.
33. Gonzales v. Abaya, 498 SCRA 445 (2006)
34. David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006
35. Fortun vs. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, as Commander-in-Chief and President of the
Republic of the Philippines, Eduardo Ermita, G.R. No. 190293 March 20, 2012, See also:
Dissent of Justice Carpio.

36. Lagman vs Medialdea G.R. No. 231658/G.R. No. 231771/G.R. No. 231774. July 4, 2017
37. Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, 10 May 2011.
38. Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, 82 Phil. 642 (1949)
39. Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190 (1989)
40. Llamas v. Orbos, 202 SCRA 844 (1991)
41. Drilon v. CA, 202 SCRA 378 (1991)
42. Atty. Alicia Risos-Vidal, vs. COMELEC and Joseph Ejercito Estrada G.R. No. 206666
January 21, 2015
43. People v. Salle, G.R. No. 103567, 4 December 1995.
44. Bayan v. Executive Secretary, 342 SCRA 449 (2000)
45. Secretary of Justice v. Judge Lantion, 343 SCRA 377 (2000)
46. Akbayan v. Aquino, supra
47. Bayan Muna v. Romulo, G.R. No. 159618, 1 February 2011.
3, 8, 25, 41, 47.