Cdap Poonch PDF

Government of Jammu & Kashmir
Directorate of Agriculture, Jammu (J&K)
COMPREHENSIVE
DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN
VOL. V: DISTRICT POONCH; 2014
Consulting Agency
DIRECTORATE OF EXTENSION
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu,
Main Campus, Chatha, 180 009
Jammu & Kashmir
1
COMPREHENSIVE
DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN
(DISTRICT POONCH)
Doda
Jammu
Kathua
Kishtwar
Poonch
Rajouri
Ramban
Reasi
Samba
Udhampur
CONTRIBUTORS:
Pawan Kumar Sharma
SMS, Agril. Economics, KVK Poonch
Sh. Suraj Parkash
SMS, Agril. Ext. Education, KVK Poonch
Dr. Muzaffer Mir
SMS, Agril. Ext. Education, KVK Poonch
Sh. B.L. Koul
DAO, Extension, Deptt. Of Agriculture, Poonch &
DISTRICT’S OFFICERS OF LINE DEPARTMENT
DISTRICT POONCH, J&K
2
List of Contents
S. No. Particulars Page No.
I Chapter-I (Introduction)
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Methodology 3
1.3 Data Collection & Consultation 4
II. Chapter-II (General Description)
2.1. Introduction 7
2.2. District at a glance 20
2.2.1. Location and Geographical Units 20
2.2.2. Demographic Profile 20
2.2.3. Topography and Agro Climatic Characteristics 21
2.2.4. Land Use pattern and Land holdings 22
2.2.5. Irrigation and Ground water 23
2.3. Development Vision and Strategy 23
III. Chapter-III (SWOT Analysis)
3.1. Introduction 26
3.2. SWOT Analysis 26
3.2.A. Agriculture Sector 26
3.2.B. Allied Sector 28
1) Horticulture Production 28
2) Natural Resources 29
3) Animal Husbandry Sector 30
4) Sheep Husbandry Sector 31
5) Fisheries Sector 32
6) Sericulture Sector 33
7) Cooperative Sector 35
8) Horticulture (P&M) Sector 36
9) Rural Development Sector 37
10) Research Sector (SKUAST-J) 38
3.3. Accomodating SWOT-Addressing Issues Emerging 38
Out of the Analysis
3.4. Sectoral/Regional Growth Drivers of The District 40
IV. Chapter-IV (Development of Agriculture Sector)
4.2. Land Use 42
4.3. Soil Health 42
4.4. Water Resources and Management 42
4.5. Major Crop and Varieties Grown in District Poonch 42
4.6. Input Management 42
4.7. Farm Mechanisation/ Farm Equipments 47
4.8. Special Projects/ Programmes on- Going in the 47
District
4.9. Constraints for Backwardness & Issues Impeding 58
Growth
3
4.10. Recommended Interventions in the Agriculture 63
Sector
4.10.1. Project Proposal-I 64
4.10.2. Project Proposal-II 67
4.10.3. Project Proposal-III 69
4.10.4. Project Proposal-IV 72
4.10.5. Project Proposal-V 74
4.10.6. Project Proposal-VI 77
4.10.7. Project Proposal-VII 79
4.10.8. Project Proposal-VIII 83
4.10.9. Project Proposal-IX 86
4.10.10. Project Proposal-X 88
4.10.11. Project Proposal-XI 91
4.10.12. Project Proposal-XII 97
4.10.13. Project Proposal-XIII 104
4.10.14. Project Proposal-XIV 106
4.11. Projected Outcome and Growth Rate during the 109
Next Plan Period
4.12. RESEARCHABLE ISSUES (SKUAST-JAMMU)
V Chapter V (Specific Allied Sector Projects)
5.2. Horticulture Sector 137
5.3. Sericulture Sector
5.3.1. Project Proposal I 157
5.4. Animal Husbandry Sector
5.5. Sheep Husbandry Sector
Introduction 167
4
5.5.8. Project Proposal-VIII 172
5.5.9. Project Proposal-IX 173
5.5.10. Project Proposal-X 173
5.5.11. Project Proposal-XI 174
5.5.12. Project Proposal-XII 174
5.5.13. Project Proposal-XIII 174
5.6. Fisheries Sector
Fisheries Activity 176
5.7. Cooperative Sector
Introduction 178
5.8. Horticulture (P&M) Sector
5.8.1. Project Proposal 180
5.9. District Rural Development Sector 182
Project Proposal-I 183
5.10. Floriculture Sector 184
5.11. Stream-II (Specific Agriculture & Allied Sectors 187
Project)
VI. Chapter-VI (District Plan)
6.2. Growth Drivers 191
6.3. Innovative Schemes 192
6.4. Project Proposals 192
6.5. Vision of XIIth Plan 193
5
List of Tables
S. No. Particulars Page No.
1. General Information 14
2. Land Utilisation Statistics 15
3. Land Holdings (Agricultural Census-2005-2006) 16
4. Crop wise area 17
5. Area covered under different crops 17
6. Area and production of principal fruit crops in 18
Poonch
7. Livestock population in Poonch 18
8. Status of animal products 19
9. Sheep & goats rearing in Poonch 19
10. Poultry population in Poonch 19
11. Fisheries production in Poonch 19
12. Geographical Units 20
13. Demographic profile 21
14. Description of Agro-climatic Zones 21
15. Description of major Agro ecological situations 22
16. Soil Types 22
17. Land use pattern 23
18. Land Holding Pattern of Poonch district 23
19. Land Utilization Pattern (Year Wise) 43
20. Land Utilization Pattern (Block Wise) 43
21. Production and Productivity of Cereal Crops in 44
Poonch District
22. Water Resources and Management 45
23. Major Crop and Varieties Grown In District 46
Poonch
24. Present Seed Replacement Rate of Poonch 46
District
25. Fertilizer Off-Take in Poonch District 46
26. BlockwiseFertilizer Off-Take in Poonch District 47
27. Specific On-going Programmes for Agriculture 47
in Poonch District
28. Specific On-going Programmes for Horticulture 58
in Poonch District
29. Productivity of Cereals, Yield Gaps and 59
Technology Index
30. Constraint Analysis of Important Field Crops 60
31. Project proposal for Water Resources 65
Management
32. Project proposal for Demonstrations of 68
Improved Crop Production Technology
33. Project proposal for Participatory Seed 71
Production for Food Security
6
34. Project proposal for Development of Rainfed 73
Farming
35. Project proposal for Management of Soil Health 76
& Fertility
36. Project Proposal for Promotion of Organic 78
Farming
37. Project proposal for Integrated Pest 82
Management
38. Project proposal for Agriculture Mechanization 84
39. Project proposal for Skill Development and 87
Capacity Building
40. Project proposal for Formulation of Self Help 90
Groups (SHG)
41. Project proposal for Strengthening Of Transfer 96
Of Technology/Extension System
42. Project proposal for Mushroom Development 98
43. Project proposal for Apiculture Development 101
44. Project proposal for Agro Forestry And 103
Medicinal Plantation
45. Establishment of Agriculture Business Clubs / 105
Agri Clinics
46. Project Proposal for District Poonch under 12th 135
Five Year Plan for Krishi Vigyan Kendra
Poonch
47. Financial Summary of Plan Proposals under 136
RKVY for District Poonch for 12th F. Y. Plan
under Agriculture Sector
48. Description of Agro-climatic Zone & major agro 138
ecological situations
49. Area/Production of Main Fruit Crops of District 139
Poonch (2010)
50. Tehsil Wise Project Proposal for Gap Filling of 143
Existing Orchard Area
51. Tehsil Wise Project proposal for Boosting 145
Kitchen Gardening
52. Construction of Water Harvesting/Community 147
Tanks
53. Project proposal for Shallow/Wells/Dug wells 148
54. Project proposal for Water Harvesting Ponds 148
55. Project proposal for Check Dams 149
56. Project proposal for Sprinkler Irrigation 150
57. Tehsil-Wise Project Proposal for Organic Fruit 153
Production
58. Tehsil-Wise Project Proposal for Farm 154
Mechanisation
7
59. Tehsil-Wise Project Proposal for Horticulture 155
Infrastructural development at District Level
60. Project Proposal for Horticulture Departmental 156
Activities
61. Project Proposal Sericulture Development 159
62. Production and Productivity of Livestock in 160
Poonch district
63. Project proposal for Backyard Poultry Units 161
64. Project Proposal for Renovation and 163
Modernization of Poultry Dem Center Poonch
65. Project Proposal for Demonstrations and 165
Educational Tours of Farmers
66. Block Wise Physical and Financial proposal for 172
Sheep Units
67. Complete Project proposal showing Physical 175
and Financial Details of All Schemes for Sheep
Husbandry
68. Fisheries Activity in Poonch District 176
69. Project proposal for Fisheries Development 177
70. Tehsil Wise Project Proposal for Cooperative 179
Sector
71. Proposal for post-Harvest Management under 181
“RASHTRIYA KRISHI VIKAS YOJNA”
72. Proposed Action Plan under RKVY in respect of 183
DRDA Poonch
73. Proposed Action Plan for Flower Cultivation 185
during XII F.Y Plan
74. Comprehensive Plan Proposal of Agriculture & 186
Allied Sectors under Stream-I for District
Poonch
75. Proposed Physical and Financial Plan Proposed 189
Under Stream II for Horticulture Sector
8
LIST OF FIGURES/GRAPHS
Figure Title Page No.
1. Satellite view of Poonch district 8
2. Map of the District location in the 9
State
3. Map of the district with talukas 10
classified in to three broad
categories by development (growth)
status
4. Road Map of Poonch district 11
5. Problematic areas of Poonch district 12
6. Blockwise Problematic sector in 13
Poonch district
9
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A sustained and wide spread agricultural growth is a pre-condition of development. The

slow growth in agriculture (including allied sectors) can be of great strain for the economy.
Concerned over the slow pace of growth in agriculture and allied sectors, the National
Development Council (NDC), conceptualized National Agriculture Development Programme
(NADP) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY).
The major objectives of RKVY are to incentivize the States for increasing public
investment in agriculture and allied sectors, preparation of realistic district plan, reduce the yield
gap in important crops and maximize income of farmers in agriculture and allied sectors. To
meet the objectives of RKVY, the Comprehensive-District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) for District
Poonch was formulated by adopting participatory methodology involving the stakeholders as
suggested by Planning Commission.
1.1. A brief introduction to the District, its location, features, etc.
Poonch is located on the southern slopes of Pir Panjal range and as such is rugged with
spurs and valleys. It lies between 330 25‟ to 34010‟ North latitude and 730 58‟ to 740 35‟ East
longitude. Major crops of the district Poonch are Maize, Paddy and Wheat. The district is also
famous for production of temperate fruits. The present average productivity of major crops of
maize, paddy and wheat is 31.67, 29.80 and 17.88 quintals per hectare respectively.
1.2. Main points of SWOT of the District
The district has possesses different agro-climatic situations ranging from sub-tropical to
temperate. Thus the district has capability to produce wide range of agricultural and allied
products. Manpower is also available in sufficient quantity which can be utilized properly for
overall development of agricultural sector. Sericulture is an agro based industry providing
subsidy occupation to about 425 silk rearing families in the district. Cows, Buffaloes, Sheep,
Goats and Poultry (Backyard) are major component of animal husbandry in the district. The
cross breed population of cattle is increasing in number. Production of agriculture and allied
sectors has not been increasing over the past years which are a major concern for the
authorities. SWOT analysis reveals the need and potential of implementing different extension
activities and need based projects to achieve the vision for the district. With decreasing land
holding, vertical expansion of cultivation with multi-cropping and wide scale adoption of non-
land and less land using enterprises is the rational option. Almost all the areas in Poonch
10
district are prone to soil erosion. The soils of the district are deficit in organic carbon, humus
and medium in available nitrogen, phosphorous and low in potassium. Aberrant erratic
behavior of monsoon and prolonged dry spells during the crop period cause crop failure/low
productivity and production in some rainfed areas. The productivity of crops has been
declining in rainfed areas which discourage the farmers from investing in the farming. There
exist significant gaps between actual and attainable yields. Major constraints leading to yield
gaps are low availability of quality seeds/planting materials/ stocks, organic manures, bio
pesticides, non-standardization and non-adoption of improved production practices. Lack of
scientific know-how, poor economic conditions, low risk bearing ability and slackness toward
agriculture on part of farmers also contribute to lower productivity.
1.3. Areas/ Sectors which need to be addressed in the district
There is a need to conduct scientific demonstrations and awareness camps. Infrastructural
facilities at block levels and departmental facilities in both agriculture and allied sectors need to
be enhanced for better delivery of services to the farmers. The interventions have been proposed
in the work plan of agriculture and allied sectors for enhancing the productivity of the major
crops, vegetables, spices, flowers, animal production in terms of milk, meat, eggs and wool.
1.4. Various on- going programmes in the district- a brief contextual gist
District plan for demonstrations of scientific technology in agriculture, upgrading of
animals in animal husbandry sector, irrigation schemes, soil conservation schemes and other
schemes related to different departments are being implemented in the previous years.
1.5. The District Plan at a Glance
The plan proposed for district Poonch is a step to achieve higher growth orbit of
sustainable agriculture development with special emphasis on:
1. Demonstration of improved techniques in cultivation of fruits, vegetables and flowers
along with value addition and marketing are proposed so as to achieve the double digit
growth.
2. Increasing farm income through animal component by emphasizing on stock improvement
and management practices.
3. Developing farmer‟s preferred local landraces of field crops most suited to the region.
4. Promoting brand value of organically produced local products.
11
5. Study of existing farming practices, farming system(s) constraints and gaps pave the way
for recommended interventions for the development of agriculture and allied sector.
6. Need based and area specific extension activities are proposed for capacity building and
skill up-gradation of farmers and field staff.
7. The specific projects proposed in the plan are aimed to provide a support base to the
activities and achieving the projected growth rates in agriculture and allied sectors in
District Poonch.
8. The projects proposed herein, will address long term issues and also cater to the immediate
needs of farmers and the economy of the district.
9. The proposed projects of agriculture sector covers the most crucial aspects of quality seed
production of various crops, natural resource management and conservation, survey
monitoring and evaluation , water resource management, soil health, organic farming,
integrated farming system, development of rainfed farming, farm mechanization,
mushroom, apiculture development, agro-forestry and medicinal plantation, non farm
activities, value addition and marketing in addition to strengthening of training and
research infrastructures.
10. For the development of allied sectors, the proposed projects in the plan are for area
expansion and rejuvenation and new plantation of Pecannut, Citrus, Plum etc.
11. Projects addressing the issues of Floriculture, Sericulture, Fisheries are also proposed with
area specific needs and requirements.
12. Specific projects for development of animal husbandry and marketing are also proposed for
providing added impetus to the diversified farming base of the district.
The total financial outlay for Stream-I for three years w.e.f. 2014-15 to 2016-17 in the
proposed XIIth plan period under C-DAP is estimated to be Rs. 13271.89728 Lacs which is
comprised of Rs. 8105.092 Lakhs for agriculture and Rs. 4906.572 Lacs for allied sectors under
Stream-I. Rs. 260.23328 is an additional administrative cost (@1%) and Monitoring and
Evaluation cost (@1%) of the total project cost.
For Stream-II, the proposed financial outlay stands at Rs. 995.37 Lakhs, with allocation
of Rs. 23.42 Lakhs for agriculture and Rs. 971.95 Lakhs for allied sectors‟ extension activities.
12
Thus, the grand total outlay for the planned period is to the tune of Rs. 14267.26728
Lacs comprises of Rs. 13271.89728Lacs under Stream-I (specific projects) and Rs. 995.37
Lacs under Stream–II (traditional extension activities).
1.6. Public Private Partnerships that can be envisaged in the proposed Plan
The present situation is not encouraging for implementation of Public Private
Partnerships, keeping in view the low marketable surplus and remoteness of the district.
However, implementation of well framed schemes can achieve high productivity in agriculture
and allied sectors for encouraging private sector in future to invest in the district.
1.7. Expected outcomes as a result of implementation of the Plan

The direct outcome of the plan will be the enhancement of productivity in agriculture and
allied sectors. Expansion of irrigated area will not only enhance the crop and cropping system
productivity by 20-25 per cent but also helps in improving the soil health. The wide gap between
demand and supply of quality seed of improved varieties/ hybrids can be bridged with the
farmers‟ participation in seed production under seed village concept. Better income generation
and hence, upliftment in the socio-economic status of the farmers of temperate belt of Poonch
district. A large scale adoption of organic farming especially in case of horticulture crops by
shifting towards bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides.
13
CHAPTER I
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The economic reforms commenced in 1991 has successfully put the economy in a higher
growth orbit with more than 8 percent growth rate in total Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
especially during the recent years. However, the agriculture sector which accounted for more
than 30 percent of total GDP at the beginning of reforms failed to maintain its pre-reform
growth. On the contrary, it witnessed a sharp deceleration in growth after mid 1990s as the per
annum growth in agriculture sector dropped to 1.9 percent during 1996-97 to 2001-2002 from
3.2 percent in the period 1980-81 to 1995-1996. This happened despite the fact that agricultural
productivity in most of the states was quite low, as it were, and the potential for the growth of
agriculture was high. The 10th five year plan target of growth of 4 percent per annum in
agriculture and allied sectors, set to reverse the sharp deceleration of 1996-1997 to 2001-2002,
has not been achieved. The approach paper to the 11th plan also emphasized that reversal of the
deceleration in agricultural growth witnessed after 1996 is a prerequisite for the success of this
plan. A sustained and wide spread agricultural growth is a pre-condition of development in India
as more than 50 percent of country‟s work force still depends upon agriculture for its livelihood.
This slow growth in agriculture (including allied sectors) can be of great strain for the economy
as agriculture is not only an important driver of macro- economic performance but it also is an
essential element of the strategy to make growth more inclusive. Concerned over this pace of
growth in agriculture and allied sectors, the National Development Council (NDC), in its
meeting held on 29th May, 2007 resolved that a special Additional Central Assistance Scheme
i.e. National Agriculture Development Programme (NADP)/ Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
(RKVY) be launched with following main objectives.
 To incentivize the States for increasing public investment in agriculture and allied sectors
 To ensure that agricultural plans of Districts/States are prepared and are based on agro-
climatic conditions, availability of technology and natural resources.
 To reduce the yield gap in important crops and increase production and productivity in
agriculture and allied sectors through focused and holistic initiatives.
 To ensure that local needs/crops/priorities are better reflected in the agricultural plans of
the Districts/States.
1
 To provide flexibility and autonomy to States in planning and implementation of
agriculture and allied sector schemes.
 To maximize income of farmers in agriculture and allied sectors.
The eligibility for assistance from the Centre under the scheme would depend upon the
State Government providing amounts in the Plan Budget of the State for agriculture and allied
sectors over the baseline expenditure.
As per the NDC resolution, Government of India introduced a new Additional Central
Assistance Scheme to incentivize States to draw up plans for their agriculture sector more
comprehensively, taking agro-climatic conditions, natural resource issues and technology into
account, and integrating livestock, poultry, fisheries etc. more fully. This involves a new scheme
for Additional Central Assistance (ACA) to State Plans, administered by the Union Ministry of
Agriculture over and above its existing centrally sponsored schemes, to supplement the state-
specific strategies. In order to rejuvenate the agriculture during XIth plan a growth rate of 4
percent per annum has to be achieved (as per NDC commitment) by reorienting development
strategies that meet the needs of the farmers. The XI Plan provides an opportunity to restructure
policies to achieve a new vision based on faster, broad-based and inclusive growth. It is designed
to reduce poverty and focus on bridging the various divides that continue to fragment our
society. It aims at putting the economy on a sustainable growth trajectory with a GDP growth
rate of approximately 10 percent by the end of plan period and target a robust agricultural
growth at 4 percent per year. The agriculture growth being essential element of the strategy of
making growth more inclusive, the NDC advised the State Governments on preparation of
Comprehensive District Agriculture Plans (C-DAP) which includes allied agriculture sectors
with full and efficient utilization of available resources.
The concept of integrated local area plans to raise living standard in rural area and
overcome food shortage based on specific endowments and needs of each area was initially
mooted in 1st Five year plan in 1951. It could not be materialized in true sense as only sporadic
efforts and isolated cases of such planning were practically attempted. For success of local area
or District level plans the underlying constraints are needed to be identified. The required
infrastructural investment, extension and research system revamping and market reach with the
system‟s conduct and performance have to be synchronized through a holistic policy approach.
2
The Agriculture in the district (as in the state too) can‟t possibly achieve same growth as in the
past without recognizing the role of farmer‟s participatory approach for formulating strategies
and finding solutions to new and emerging problems. Similarly, globalization of trade has direct
impact on agriculture which offers new challenges and opportunities to the farmers of Poonch
district. The economic reforms and globalization coupled with other factors like fast
urbanization, rising incomes, changing food habits are paving the way for commercial farming
and subsidiary occupations. Food demand will go up not purely because of population rise but
also because of more requirement of cereals as animal feed. Although, Poonch district has
achieved increase in productivity for different crops but still there is no reason to believe that
agriculture productivity cannot be raised further. New developments in organic farming,
approaches like integrated farming system and new technologies like resource conservation with
due emphasis on indigenous technical know-how will always help us to face new challenges in
agriculture development.
Keeping this in view the C-DAP of Poonch District is prepared on the basis of primary
and secondary data of the district for achieving sustainable agricultural growth with improved
farmers‟ income through participatory process involving stakeholders and various organizations.
By establishing strong linkages with required institutional support services, the plan will ensure
optimum utilization of scarce natural, physical and financial resources.
1.2. Methodology
The C-DAP is prepared as per the process and methodology suggested by the Planning
Commission, Government of India. The approach followed in preparation of the document was
necessarily of Participatory Appraisal mode. The State department of Agriculture Poonch
provided all necessary technical help to planning units and support groups for preparation of this
plan through participatory bottom-up process. The Department with the help of specialists and
resource persons trained the Planning Units/ Groups in Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques,
designed formats for data collection, guided in data collection and analysis. The Department
conducted regular workshops and meetings and did hand holding where ever needed for plan
preparation.
The responsibility of preparing C-DAP of Poonch was given to SKUAST-Jammu under
the able guidance of Dr. K.S. Risam (Director Extension) and Dr. R.K. Arora (Assoc. Director
Ext. Education). The ground level work for collection of data and preparation of report were
3
assigned to Mr. Pawan Kumar Sharma (SMS, Agril. Economics, KVK Poonch), Mr. Suraj
parkash (SMS, Agril. Ext. Education) and Dr. Muzaffer Mir (SMS, Horticulture). The governing
board of ATMA of Poonch District acted as District Agriculture Planning Unit (DAPU), the
FAC at block level worked as Block Agriculture Planning Units (BAPU). The interaction at
Gram panchayat level was held through village level extension officials of different line
Departments more or less on the pattern suggested by Planning Commission.
An orientation workshop-cum-training programme was organized at SKUAST-Kashmir
for scientists and Subject Matter Specialists of the University for Preparation of C-DAP. The
following specific aspects were covered in the programme.
 Issues and challenges in Agriculture sector
 Planning concepts and district Planning
 Basic features and planning process of RKVY
 Vision, methodology and process of preparing C-DAP
 Participatory Rural Appraisal
 Farming system approach
 Farming situation based extension
 Integrated Nutrient Management (INM), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), Natural
Resource Management (NRM), Human Resource Development (HRD), Marketing and
other important aspects.
1.3. Data collection and consultation:

The planning team, after receiving proper training, held wide consultations with District/
Block/ Village Agriculture Planning Units of the district. Formal and informal meetings with
Agriculture and line departmental staff, ex-Panchayati Raj Institution‟s members and farmers
were conducted at different levels and collected secondary data and related statistics needed for
planning from different departments and other sources.
Primary Data: For in-depth farm/ village level study covering important aspects of agriculture
and allied fields, the district was divided into three distinctive Agro-eco-situations (AESs) as
was done for SREP preparation under ATMA Scheme. From each AES already selected
representative villages (Loran, Bufliaz, Chandak, Sanaei, Magnad and Gulata) were revisited for
collecting required information on modified semi-structured schedules through PRA.
4
Con-current review and verification of data
The primary as well as secondary data collected was cross-checked through
triangulations and verified from information/ reports available with different government
departments and PRA based exercises. The District Plan, SREP, PLCP of district and “Report of
the core group on creation of employment in agriculture, food processing and animal husbandry
in J&K” prepared by MoA, GoI and other related documents/reports of different departments
were consulted for preparing the C-DAP.
The planning team conducted PRA in selected villages covering the whole gamut of
farming operations related to agriculture and allied activities being undertaken by the villagers.
The team visited the villages for two to three times to conduct this exercise.
The planning team held discussions with District Development Commissioner, Additional
District Development Commissioner, line departmental heads, and other prominent stake holders
including NGO,s.
Before meeting with the farmers for PRA

The schedule prescribed in the manual was modified based on the past experiences and
data requirement, then, PRA was conducted.
Important points for discussion include proposed change in the practices (of management,
varieties, site specific nutrient management, IPM, seed, soil health and allied activities). For this
purpose the Performa for Gram Panchayat given in C-DAP manual was modified accordingly.
The schedule was made simple and easy to understand.
The farmers meetings were ensured to be informal. They were encouraged to participate,
interact and make their own fair appraisals in meetings. Farmers were informed about the
objective of the meeting. The dialogue was started; the gap analysis and current scenario
regarding productivity, profitability and risk associated with different farming systems were
discussed and required information were collected.
The Junior Agriculture Extension officers (JAEOs) and Technical officials from other
line Departments working at village level held farmers meetings and sought their views on
preparing of plan, and the same were submitted to the District planning unit for consideration
while preparing plan.
5
The possible changes in the management practices targeted were-
 Package of practices for different crops (including organic farming)
 Crop establishment, plant population, seed rate etc.
 Nutrient management, time, source, use of organic manure, vermicompost and
biofertilizer
 Important pests based on economic importance including insects, diseases, nematodes
and weeds.
 Farming system (s)
 Farmers and planning team came to general agreement on what to do to fill the gap on
crops and allied activities.
Discussed about the proposed design, trials, Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) and other
activities in a system approach keeping in view the following-
(i) Profitability and sustainability of cropping system.
(ii) Market infrastructure and marketing opportunities.
(iii) Custom hiring services and some of the policy issues related to subsidy.
(iv) Farmers‟ inability to invest in farming majority being to resource poor category.
(v) Work plan and activities for landless and resource poor farmers.
(vi) Feed-back regarding On-Farm and Off- Farm activities.
(vii) Subsidy component, crop insurance and cyclical assistance
(viii) Action plan
C-DAP Preparation
The planning team after proper inputs from BAPU, PAPU, Ex-PRI‟s representatives,
technical experts from Agriculture and allied sectors and other stake holders prepared draft
CDAP. The draft was discussed in the meeting of the governing board of ATMA and other
platforms also. The suggestions put forwarded were incorporated and the final draft of C-DAP is
being submitted.
6
CHAPTER II
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DISTRICT
2.1. INTRODUCTION
Poonch district is one of the remotest and backward districts of Jammu and Kashmir.
Poonch is separated from Kashmir valley by the gigantic Pir Panjal range, whose highest peak
Tatakuti standing at 15560 ft. falls in Poonch. It is bounded by the Actual Line of Control (ALC)
from three sides. The ALC is about 103 Kms. from Tarkundi in Balakote to Sawjian in Mandi
Block. Poonch has witnessed many historical events and has been ruled by outsiders and locals at
different junctures till it became a part of independent India.
Historical Mughal road links up Poonch with Kashmir valley. Poonch has been bestowed
with stunning scenic beauty. Snow covered peaks, lush green meadows; dense forest, natural
beautiful lakes, waterfall etc. elevate the gorgeousness attracting nature loving tourists. Around
326 BC when Alexander the Great invaded the lower Jhelum belt to fight with Porus, this region
was known as Dravabhisar. In 6th Century AD, the famous Chinese traveller Huien Tsang
passed through this area. According to his observation, this region was known as Part of
Kashmir. Around 850 AD Poonch became a sovereign state ruled by Raja Nar, who was
basically a horse trader. According to Rajtrangani Raja Trilochan Pal of Poonch gave a tough
fight to Mahmood Ghazanavi who invaded this area in 1020 A.D. In 1596, Mughal King
Jahangir made Siraj-Ud-Din ruler of Poonch. Siraj-Ud-Din and hisdescendent Raja Shahbaz
Khan, Raja Abdul Razak, Raja Rustam Khan and Raja Khan Bahadur Khan ruled this area upto
1792 AD. In 1819 this area was captured by Maharaja Ranjeet Singh and it remained under the
occupation of Khalsa Darbar of Lahore till 1850. In 1850, Raja Moti Singh who was son of Raja
Dhayan Singh, the Prime Minister of Khalsa Darbar set up its separate Principality known as
Poonch state. This dogra dynasty ruled Poonch state from 1850 to 1947 when the traumatic
events of partition of the country affected this area. Half of the Tehsil of Haveli (85 villages out
of 173), some part of tehsil Mendhar (14 villages out of 99) and whole of Bagh tehsil (113
villages) and tehsil Sadhnuti (101 villages) of Poonch state were grabbed by the raiders from
Pakistan. The era from 1850 to 1947 is considered as the Golden Period of the history of Poonch.
The Principality of Poonch got status of a state from British Raj in 1901 AD during the reign of
7
Raja Baldev Singh. The rule of Raja Moti Singh, Baldev Singh, Sukhdev Singh, Jagatdev Singh
and Raja Shiv Rattan Dev Singh witnessed all round development of Poonch state.
The economic condition of people of Poonch district is not satisfactory. Industrial environment is
totally absent and commercial activity exists on a very low scale. Peoples have small pieces of
land for cultivation. The poverty tells adversely upon the life style of the general population
which cripples their purchasing power and renders most of them fragile to withstand the
abnormalities of consumer market. There are many unemployed youths in the district and the
people usually try to go for the government jobs as the potential in the private sector is bare
minimal. Unemployment problem among youth, both skilled and unskilled workers is quite large
when compared to other districts of the State. The State Govt./Distt. Administration is trying its
level best to eradicate the problem by implementation of different employment generation
schemes viz. PMRY, SSES, SGSY, MNREGA.
i. Map of the district – general map
The different maps of Poonch district are shown in figures 1 to 6.
Figure 1. Satellite view of Poonch district
8
Figure 2. Map of the District location in the State
9
Figure 3. Map of the district with talukas classified in to three broad categories by
development (growth) status
10
Figure 4. Road Map of Poonch district
11
Figure 5. Problematic areas of Poonch district
12
Figure 6. Blockwise Problematic sector in Poonch district
13
i. General Statistics
Table 1: General information
General Population (As per the 2001 Census)
Block Villages No. of revenue Area No. of G. Male Female Total S.C. S.T.
Inhabited Un-inhabited villages (ha.) panchayats
Poonch 38 2 40 19045 32 45560 39391 84951 387 34873
Mandi 38 0 38 19565 32 29680 27490 57170 1 15405
Surankote 29 0 29 27086 41 41955 38558 80817 108 41428
Mendhar 34 4 38 19061 49 19295 17961 36951 456 39880
Balakote 18 1 19 27846 15 45717 43189 88906 0 10866
Bufliaz 15 0 15 1778 22 12006 11811 23817 0 6566
Total 172 7 179 114381 191 194213 178400 372613 952 149018
Source: District Statistical Hand Book, District Statistical and Evaluation office, Poonch
14
Table 2: Land Utilisation Statistics (preceding 3 years average) (Area in hectares)
Block Geographical Forest Land Cultivable Permanent Land under Current Other Net Gross Cropping
Area Area Under waste pastures miscellaneous Fallows Fallows sown cropped intensity
Non- tree crops area area (%)
agril. and groves
Use
Poonch 19045 15639.46 1547.98 00 6307.65 7041.70 2.70 - 6550.15 - -
Mandi 19565 4035.49 1547.73 00 6307.65 3497.30 2.70 - 2586.96 - -
Surankote 27086 1372.47 411.10 00 450.12 1312.40 - 33.10 6946 - -
Mendhar 19061 2812.00 425.24 5357.21 1344.30 1868.60 - 34.85 1631.29 - -
Balakote 27846 7798.00 536.54 1972.79 955.26 4397.30 0.20 41.82 6944.68 - -
Bufliaz 1778 2392.58 2606.41 00 2647.02 1610.70 4.40 8.23 2900.62 - -
Total 114381 34050.00 7075.00 7330.00 18012.00 19728.00 10.00 118.00 27560.00 - -
15
Table 3: Land Holdings (Agricultural Census-2005-2006) (Holdings in numbers and area in ha)
Tehsil Marginal Small Farmers Semi-med. Medium Large Total
Farmers Farmers farmers farmers
No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area
Poonch,
Mandi,
33859 13495.17 9097 12190.37 4505 11959.57 820 4279.07 31 448.21 48312 42372.39
Mendhar,
Surankote
Note: Less than 1 ha –marginal farmers, 1-2 ha- small farmers, 2-4- ha semi-med. Farmers, 4-10 ha- medium farmers and more than
10 ha-large farmers.
16
ii. Crops/ Breeds/ fisheries, etc., activities in the district
Table 4: Crop wise area

S. NO Name of Crop Season Wise Area in hectares
Kharif Rabi Total
1. Paddy 4250 - 4250
2. Maize 24000 - 24000
3. Wheat - 15000 15000
4. Pulses 1585 415 2000
5. Oil Seeds 250 4000 4250
6. Fodder 500 1000 1500
7. Vegetable 1000 250 1250
8. Fallow Land - 9928 9928
Total 31585 30593 62178
Table 5: Area covered under different crops

S.No Crops Unit 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
1 Paddy ha 11821 11,130 11,040
2 Maize ha 13920 14,010 14,000
3 Wheat ha 20170 16,410 20,060
4 Oilseeds ha 4150 3,710 3,815
5 Vegetable ha 560 1,000 1,025
6 Fodder ha 1570 1,750 1,680
7 Pulses ha 2947 2,450 2,495
17
Table 6: Area and production of principal fruit crops in Poonch (2010-11)
S. Item Area Production
No. (Hectare) ( M. Tonnes)
Fresh Fruits
1. Apple 1700.00 2780.00
2. Pear 1569.00 7430.00
3. Apricot 864.00 85.00
4. Peach 595.00 584.00
5. Plum 1237.00 1570.00
6. Cherry 3.00 1.00
7. Grapes 1.00 1.00
8. Citrus 330.00 283.00
9. Olive 21.00
10. Other Fresh 1445.00 660.00
Total 7765.00 13394.00
Dry Fruits
11. Walnut 7310.00 6880.00
12. Almond 42.00 1.00
13. Pecan nut 283.00 5.00
Total 7635.00 6886.00
Grand Total 15400.00 20280.00
Table 7: Livestock population in Poonch – 2010-11

Cattle Population Local (Desi) Cross Bred Total
Male 64,362 15,638 80,000
Female 64,032 25,476 89508
Total 12,83,94 41,114 169508
Buffalo Population
Male 15,894 - 15,894
Female 17,23,81 - 17,23,81
Total 18,82,75 18,82,75
Grand Total 31,66,69 41,114 35,77,83
18
Table 8: Status of animal products – 2010-11
S.No. Item Production
1. Milk 82.90,000 MT
2. Mutton 19.99 Lac kg
3. Chicken 2.70 Lac kg
4. Wool 4.91 Lac kg
5. Eggs 680 Lacs
Table 9: Sheep & goats rearing in Poonch – 2010-11

Sheep Rearing
Local Cross Bred Total
102007 180964 282971
Goat Rearing
170090 - 170090
Grand Total 453061
Table 10: Poultry population in Poonch - 2010-11

Breed Numbers
Desi 96915
Fouls 190061
Improved 44283
Total 331259
Table 11: Fisheries production in Poonch -20010-11

Riverine Fish production 153.25 tonnes
No. of Government farms 01
Production in Government farm 4.443 tonnes
No. of private ponds 23
Production in private ponds 26.30 tonnes
19
2.2. DISTRICT AT A GLANCE
2.2.1. Location and Geographical Units
Poonch district is located on the Southern slopes of Pir Panjal range and as such is
rugged with spurs and valleys. It lies between 330 25‟ to 34010‟ North latitude and 730 58‟ to
740 35‟ East longitude. It is bounded on the north by Baramula and Budgam district of Kashmir
valley, on its west and North-West lies Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK). The district having
population of 3.71 lacs consists of 4 tehsils, 6 blocks and 178 villages covering an area of 1674
sq. km. The climate of the district varies from Sub-tropical to temperate and receives good
annual rainfall.
The district having population of 3.71 lacs consists of 4 tehsils, 6 blocks and 178
villages covering an area of 1674 sq. km.
Table 12: Geographical Units
Population 3.71 lacs (2001 census)
Number of Tehsils 06 (2014)
Number of Blocks 11 (2014)
Number of Panchayats 51
Number of villages 178
Number of Households 60235
2.2.2. Demographic Profile

The Poonch district consists of 4 tehsils, 8 Niabats, 12 Girdawar circles, 11 blocks
(increased from 6 to 11 in 2014), 191 panchayats and 179 villages comprising of 172 inhabited
and 7 un-inhabited as per 2001 census. The total population of the district as per 2001 census is
3.73 lacs, out of which 1.94 lacs are male and 1.79 lacs are female. The density of population
was 223 per sq.kms. The percentage of population belonging to Muslim community is 91.93,
Hindu 5.20, Sikhs 2.76, Buddhist 0.03 and Christian 0.08. Out of total population, 40%
population consists of Gujjar and Bakerwals, 52% paharis and remaining 6% consists of
kashmiris, dogras, Punjabis. The rural population is 3.49 lacs and urban population is 0.24 lacs.
The Schedule Tribe population is 1.49 lacs and Schedule Caste population is 0.009 lacs. The
20
working force consists of 65.85% cultivators, 3.77% agricultural labourers and 2.17%
industrial workers and 28.21% are of others category.
Table 13: Demographic profile
S. No. Particulars Unit Value
1. Population No. 372613
2. Male No. 1.94
3. Female No. 1.79
4. SC population No. 952
5. ST population Lacs 149018
6. Households No. 59048
7. Average household size No, 6.2
8. Cultivators % 65.85
9. Agricultural labourers % 3.77
10. Industrial workers % 2.17
2.2.3. Topography and Agro Climatic Characteristics

Poonch district is classified into three agro-climatic zones namely: Sub-Tropical (Up to
800m) which includes Plain areas with water logging conditions, Intermediate lower (800 to
1500m) which include Slopy lands with problem of soil erosion and Intermediate higher
(Above 1500 m) which include High hills with gully erosion.
The area under Mendhar and Poonch tehsils largely falls under sub tropical region and
are hot and dry in summer and cold in winter. The area under Surankote and Mandi tehsils is
fully temperate with majority area under snow in winters.
Table 14: Descriptionof Agro-climatic Zones

S. No Agro-climatic Zone Characteristics
1 Sub-Tropical (Up to 800 m) Plain area with water logging
2 Intermediate lower (800 to 1500) Slopy land with problem of soil erosion
3 Intermediate higher (Above 1500) High hills with gully erosion
21
Table 15: Description of major Agro ecological situations
S. Agro ecological Characteristics
No situation
1 AES-I Plain topography with thick soil and canal irrigated
2 AES-II Slopy land with thin soil cover and rainfed
3 AES-III Thick growth of conifers & deciduous forests
Table 16: Soil Type/s

S. No Soil type Characteristics
1. Silty Soil is Silty with water logged and flood prone
2. Sandy loam Soil is sandy to sandy loam with salt affected in patch.
2.2.4. Land Use pattern and Land holdings

The total geographical area of the district is about 114387 ha out of which about 40%
area is under cultivation, 18.40% (1,14387 ha) under forests, 9.83% (11,240 ha) under
permanent pastures, 20.11% (22,994 ha) under miscellaneous trees, about 14.69% (16,796 ha)
area is barren and uncultivated and about 16.62% (19,010 ha) land has been put to non-
agricultural purposes. The net sown area under kharif is 30,570 ha whereas net sown area
under rabi is 20,642 ha. The irrigated area under kharif is 4,250 h (13.90% of the total cropped
area under kharif) and under Rabi is 580 ha (2.80% of the total cropped area under Rabi). The
cropping intensity of the district is 166%.
Maize – Wheat is the major cropping sequence being followed in the district. Besides
this, other cropping rotations being practiced in the district are:- Maize – Potato, Maize –
Berseem, Rice – wheat, Rice – Fodder.
22
Table 17: Land Use Pattern
S. No. Particulars Value
1. Area 1,14387.00 ha
2. Area under forests 21,039.18 ha
3. Land put to Non - Agriculture Use 19,010.20 ha
4. Barren and Un-cultivated Land 16,796.00 ha
5. Permanent Pastures & Grazing Land 11,240.00 ha
6. Miscellaneous Tress etc 22,994.14 ha
7. Net Sown Area (Kharif) 30,570.00 ha
8. Net Sown Area (Rabi) 20,642.00 ha
9. Gross Sown Area (Kharif & Rabi) 51,212.00 ha
10. Cropping Intensity 166%
11. Irrigated Area (Kharif) 4,250.00 ha
12. Irrigated Area (Rabi) 580.00 ha
13. Un-Irrigated Area (Kharif) 26,520.00 ha
14. Un-Irrigated Area (Rabi) 19,912.00 ha
Land Holdings
There are an estimated 1,65,196 lakh land holdings in the State, out of which 1, 64,103
lakh are in marginal and small category. The average size of land holding is just 0.2 hectares.
Table 18: Land Holding Pattern of Poonch district (2005-06)
S. No. Particulars Unit Value
1. Holdings No. 47829
2. Area hectares 41999
3. Average holding size hectares 0.88
2.2.5. Irrigation and Ground water

The gross area irrigated in Poonch district is just 14.46%. During kharif season, the area
under irrigation is 4250 hectares whereas during rabi season it is just 580 hectares. The ground
water is hardly used for irrigation purpose.
2.3. DEVELOPMENT VISION AND STRATEGY
Influence of land and water on the food grain production is of critical importance.
Shrinking and depleting water resources combined with reducing farm size has created a major
crisis for achieving food for billion plus souls living in the country. This stress is compounded
23
every year with addition of 80-90 million souls to already swelling population from the limited
net sown area.
The growth rate of agriculture is low in the country as compared to other sectors of
economy. The potential for growth of agriculture is quite high. The slow growth in agriculture
and allied sectors can lead to acute stress on the economy because large population is
dependant upon this sector. Major cause behind slow growth in agriculture is the consistent
decrease of investments in this sector. Public and Private investments are not increasing in
agriculture and allied sectors, leading to distress in farming community especially that of small
and marginal segment. The focus is on 4% growth rate in Agriculture as 50% of work force
depends upon agriculture for its livelihood.
Agriculture and allied activities constitute the most important sector for the economy of
the Poonch District as it provides livelihood support directly or indirectly to more than 80% of
the District population. Substantial progress has been made in the production of maize, rice,
wheat, milk and poultry but there is still a large untapped potential in the remote tehsils of the
district. The strength of the district lies by virtue of its agroclimatic zones which vary from
subtropical to temperate. The district has climate to grow high quality wheat (in subtropical
tehsils of Mendhar and Poonch) on one side and buck wheat on the other (in temperate tehsils
of Bufliaz and Mandi). The district has very high potential for horticultural crops like Apple,
Pear, Plum, Peach, Walnut and Pecannut.. Impetus of future growth for the district lies with the
growth of agrarian and industrial sector. As such, to attain the desired National goals of Food
Security, Sustainability, Diversification and Socio-Economic upliftment of masses for self-
reliant India, a Vision document under Rashtryia Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) is
conceptualized which will act as a guiding beacon for attaining enshrined goals and
implementing the policy prescriptions laid down in the National policy on Agriculture to the
extent relevant to Poonch District of Jammu & Kashmir State, with the vision to achieve self
reliance in all the sectors affecting agrarian economy with a targeted growth of atleast 4%.
VISION STATEMENT
Under RKVY, it is envisioned to achieve holistic growth of agriculture and allied
sectors, aiming atleast a 4% growth in this primary sector so as to have desired visual impact
with focused attention on the following objectives:
 Achieving Ever Green Revolution for nutrition security and prosperity on sustainable basis.
24
 Generation of meaningful employment for enhanced socio-economic development of the
region.
 Attaining self sufficiency in production systems by adopting diversification and farming
system approach.
 Creation of pre-requisite infrastructure for giving a jump starts to the ailing agriculture and
allied sectors.
PRIORITIES/THRUST AREAS
 Diversification of farming system through eco-friendly, cost effective and sustainable
technologies.
 Participatory Seed Production through Seed Villages and to increase seed replacement
rate of field crops from 15 to 25%.
 Marketing of produce by strengthening of market and post harvest management
infrastructure.
 Human Resource Development through skill and capacity building
 Establishment of Village Knowledge Centres and management of Agriculture
information System for comprehensive agriculture development.
 Improvement of soil health, Infrastructure development and Agriculture mechanization
 Promotion of non-farm income generation activities.
To achieve the second Green Revolution for security of future generations and to attain
the holistic growth rate of 4% in the 12th Five Year Plan, the above mentioned priorities and
thrust areas are targeted in the C-DAP so as to realize the envisioned growth spectrum for the
district.
25
CHAPTER III
SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT
3.1. INTRODUCTION
The shrinking land resources compelling all the people associated with it to redeem
their plan and policies to counter this shortcoming. Every area has its merits and demerits. So,
while planning one should have the strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to a
particular area so that comprehensive plan may be formulated. Therefore, SWOT analysis of
agriculture and allied activities have been done for Poonch district and the same is presented as
below:
3.2. SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT analysis for both agriculture and allied sectors of Poonch district of Jammu &
Kashmir has been presented below:
3.2. A. AGRICULTURE SECTOR

Poonch district of Jammu & Kashmir is famous for its maize and temperate fruits like
pear, plum and pecan nut. There are however many weaknesses and threats to the agricultural
sector of Poonch district, the detail of which along with the strengths has been given below:
STRENGTH
 The soils are well drained.
 Provides good testing ground for executing dryland technology
 Department of Agriculture is providing Hybrids & H.Y.V seeds of cereal crops
 Farmyard manure is available in good quantity as district has ample livestock
population
 Less incidence of pest & disease attack
 Have good scope for Apiculture development
 Round the year cultivation of Mushroom possible because of three Agro-climatic zones
Weaknesses
 Shallow soils & steep slopes in vast area
 Seed replacement rate of Hybrid and H.Y.V is not more than 10 %
 Shortage of fertilizer during cropping season and imbalanced use of fertilizers
 Poor off-take of potassium fertilizers
26
 Few farmers are using chemicals for management of pest and diseases
 Plant geometry is not being properly followed or adopted
 Youth migrating to urban areas in search of white collar jobs
 Most of the precipitation occurs in monsoon season and very less rains in other months
 94% of the area is un-irrigated and totally dependent on rains
 F.Y.M is not being properly decomposed
 Rain water harvesting is not being properly maintained
 The seed treatment rate is low
Opportunities
 Area suitable for cereals like Maize & wheat
 Soils are suitable for raising Horticulture , forest , bamboo & other multipurpose
plantation
 Proper drainage system is necessary for safe disposal of excessive runoff which could
be utilized for Water harvesting by putting check dams , gully plugs and bunds
 Growing of pulses especially quality rajmash, virus free potato seed, aromatic and
medicinal plants, oilseeds, millets is suitable for dryland areas
 Selective herbicides can be made available for control of weeds
 Recommendations available for control of pests & diseases
 Recommendations regarding plant geometry is available
 Treatment of all crop seeds with fungicides
 Apiculture, mushroom, sericulture, floriculture can be taken up as additional income
generating schemes
 Construction of W.H.T, harvesting structures for harvesting rain water
 Good scope for lifting of water from perennial streams.
Threats
 Excessive soil erosion due to steep slopes
 Heavy rainfall in monsoon causes excessive soil erosion
 Run-off water is one of the source of soil erosion
 Local germplasm of maize, medicinal and herbal plants is at the verge of extinction
 Excessive use of pesticide in Poonch and Mndhar blocks is posing threat to Apiculture
industry
27
 Imbalanced use of fertilizer is deteriorating the soil health and productivity
 Untimely weed control results in reduction in yield
 Migration from villages to urban areas will increase socio-economic imbalance.
3.2. B. SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT (FOCUS ON ALLED SECTORS)

Allied sector includes horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Sheep Husbandry, Fisheries,
Sericulture, Planning & Marketing, Rural Development and State Agricultural University. The
SWOT of allied sectors has been given as below:
I) Horticulture Production
Strengths
i) Diverse climate for production of different quality of Sub tropical to temperate fruits,
vegetables and flowers
ii) High Market potential for horticultural produce in domestic and distant market
iii) Immense farmers interest in horticultural activities
Weaknesses
i) Small marketable surplus
ii) Low productivity
iii) Fragmented and small holdings
iv) Inadequate availability of quality seeds and planting material in time.
v) Lack of skilled workers
vi) Lack of proper knowledge of farmers on modern production, post harvest handling and
marketing practices.
vii) High transportation costs.
viii) Absence of cold chain, storage and processing facilities at farmer‟s level
Opportunities
i) High demand of horticulture crop produces of the district
ii) Diversification of farming system towards horticulture
iii) Established and up-coming cold storage and processing units in and around the
district.
iv) Increasing urbanization and changing food habits towards fruits and vegetables.
28
v) Increased institutional support.
vi) Minimum support price for major horticultural produce
Threats
i) Lack of Post harvest management infrastructures
ii) Inaccessibility of remote areas to market centres
iii) Inefficient and less transparent marketing with monopoly of traders and multiple level
of intermediaries
iv) Wide fluctuation in prices
v) Lack of proper integration of horticulture with other agri allied
enterprises/commodities
II) Natural Resources

Strengths
i) Rich bio-diversity
ii) Climate and soils suitable for growing quality horticultural crops.
Weaknesses
i) Degradation of soil fertility
ii) Infestation of weeds, insect-pest and disease complex.
iii) Lack of integrated approach on NRM, INM and IPM by the farmers.
Opportunities
i) Unexplored bio-diversity with respect to wild edible fruits, vegetables, medicinal and
aromatic crops.
ii) Bio-mass available from crop, farm residue & live stock for maintaining proper soil
health.
iii) Scope exists to tackle soil degradation through integrated approaches
Threats
i) Lack of proper soil and water testing (micro-nutrients and ground water quality)
facilities in the district.
ii) General ignorance, casual approach towards degrading soil fertility
iii) Improper drainage system
29
III) Animal Husbandry
Strengths
i) Presence of viable milk marketing network through private agencies and individual
milk traders.
ii) Ample marketing avenues of animal based products and by products in and around the
district.
iii) Government backed breed up-gradation and veterinary health services.
iv) Goat, cattle and Sheep rearing a popular enterprise among landless and poor sections
of society.
v) Traditional expertise in milk processing- kaladi / (cottage cheese) the traditional high
value milk byproduct.
vi) Well established Farmers-Market Linkage
Weakness
i) Infertility and delayed calving
ii) Repeat breeding, anoestrous and long calving interval
iii) Low milk yield in cows.
iv) Poor foundation stocks of backyard poultries
v) Lack of proper management and feeding practices.
vi) Low availability of quality fodder production round the year
vii) Non-availability of feed, medicines/vaccines and chicks
viii) Slackness on part of farmers in adoption of new technology
Opportunity
i) Huge gap between demand and supply of animal products
ii) Ample scope for bridging yield gaps
iii) Growing demand for milk and other animal based products offers ready markets with
higher returns and additional employment generation.
iv) Intervention on genetic resources of livestock for improvement in production
v) Intensive farming with increased animal component
vi) Conservation of local genotype
vii) Tremendous scope to raise on farm employment, income and increased availability of
organic manure
30
viii) Support to organic farming
ix) Development of Backyard and Commercial Poultry
Threats
i) Non descript poor graded bulls used for natural insemination.
ii) Shrinking pasture lands
iii) Threat of extinction of local breeds of Sheep and Cattle
iv) Random Breeding
v) Frequent occurrence of diseases
vi) Increase in fertility disorders
vii) Disease outbreak (even in far off places) causes the panic in consumers and producers
suffer on account of crash in markets especially of poultry.
IV) Sheep Husbandry

Strengths
i) Veterinary facilities available at Tehsil and block levels
ii) Longer staple length of wool. More clean wool lesser wounds.
iii) Accommodation for housing of SEC and upkeep of records and equipments
iv) One ram for every fifty ewes. Introduction of new breeds.
v) Largely nomadic, fulfill their feed requirements during migration
vi) Provide employment, mutton and wool production
Weakness
i) Lack of awareness about diseases and technical knowhow.
ii) Lack of practice
iii) Loss of equipments and medicine vaccines
iv) Only 50% sheep is covered inbreeding.
v) Non availability of green & nutritive grasses throughout the year, imbalanced feeding.
vi) Low yield, lesser awareness.
Opportunity
i) Organization of camps and distribution of vaccination and medicines to Bakerwals
(Nomads) can result in adoption of better management practices.
ii) More number of shearers for coverage of whole of sheep population
31
iii) More coverage, better housing facilities. for livestock during migration
iv) More number of rams is available for all the sheep population.
v) Plenty of scope for the plantation of the quality grasses and fodder plants. Plenty bushes
are available in the area.
vi) Can fill the gap between production of demand and supply of mutton and wool
Threats
i) Low yield of mutton, wool and wool product
ii) Economic losses through hand shearing
iii) Losses in natural calamity and harsh weather conditions.
iv) Inbreeding economic losses due to local sheep.
v) Malnutrition which causes reproductive disorder and economic losses.
vi) Economic losses to sheep breeder.
V) Fisheries Development
Strengths
i) There is approximately 153.25 tonnes of riverine fish production every year along with
4.443 tonnes and 26.30 tonnes of fish in government and private ponds.
ii) Suitable condition for trout farming in high altitude area
iii) Sufficient running water bodies
Weakness
i) Poor marketing, channel/facilities, soil in some areas of the district is not so suitable for
fish production
ii) Weak infrastructure for fish seed production and genetic up gradation.
iii) Lack of farmer oriented activities e.g. trainings, demonstrations, exposure visits,
awareness camps etc. to update farmers‟ practices of fish production and management.
iv) Inadequate quality seed availability of high yielding fresh water fish
Opportunity
i) More area can be brought under fish culture with promotion of fish farming in each
block of Poonch district
ii) Demand for fish with easy market accessibility
iii) Immense scope for fish seed (fingerlings) production to cater the needs of fish farmers
of the state
32
iv) Ample scope for mobilizing untapped water resources for aquaculture.
v) Integrated fish farming
Threats
i) Excessive use of Chemical Fertilizers and pesticides can harm pisciculture.
ii) Absence of any reputed centre/source of fish feed, fisheries management institute.
iii) Lack of post harvest management practices by farmers
iv) Poor facilities for soil and water sample testing, disease diagnosis and post harvest
infrastructures.
VI) Sericulture
Strength
i. The production of cocoons is a short duration cash crop in shortest possible time of 25-30
days as compared to other crops which takes considerable time and inputs.
ii. No bi-product of rearing goes waste i.e. the mulberry twigs left out of rearing are utilized
as cooking fuel by the villagers thereby lowering pressure on forest wealth for fuel
purposes.
iii. The waste mulberry leaves left by worms are source for making compost and the worms
excreta is equal to vermi -compost which can be sold at the rate equal to vermin- compost
iv. The silk cocoons are source of handsome income.
v. Green mulberry twigs and leaves can be mixed @ of 1-2 kgs. With fodder which is a
food supplement for cows and buffallows for fattening and increase in milk production
by 40-50%
vi. Assured cocoon auction markets being organized by the department of sericulture where
buyers from all over India are invited.
vii. High consumption of silk produce by domestic consumers of India and also high
potential for export of silk goods to earn foreign exchange
viii. High employment generation capability in rural areas to avoid migration of rural folk to
urban areas for earnings.
ix. Providing dignified employment opportunity to women inside the four walls of their
houses thereby saving them from out-doors exploitation.
33
x. Mulberry being deep rooted plants is useful for soil conservation on sloppy land which
are under threat of getting washed away in uncertain agro climatic conditions prevalent
due to global warming.
xi. J&K is the traditional producer of international grade bivoltine cocoons vested by nature
agro climatically.
Weaknesses
i. The uncertain rainfall during plantation season and afterwards causes low survival of
mulberry in the field.
ii. The mulberry plantation is done on the periphery of their cultivated land by the farmers
who set free cattle in between two crops of rabi and kharief and cause damage to the
mulberry even when there is abundant grass available for grazing in view of great
attraction for mulberry to all grazers ranging from sheep to buffallows. Even monkeys are
attracted toward newly sprouted leaves of mulberry in spring season.
iii. Lack of adequate space with farmers living in villages for production of bumper crops.
iv. Lack of space to switch over to modern method of rearing on latest technology developed
by researcher in sericulture.
v. Fluctuating rates of silk cocoons due to fluctuation in value of silk yarn in international
markets.
vi. Absence of silk textile sector in Jammu and Kashmir especially in Jammu which
otherwise has high potential for employment generation in silk reeling, twisting, designing
and weaving sectors on account of availability of silk cocoons.
vii. Presently the best quality silk cocoon goes from Jammu to Malda West Bengal. It is
processed on crude machines and silk yarn sold in Tamilnadu, Karantaka and Uttar-
Pradesh. The fabrics come from outside in J&K and are sold at high rates ranging from
Rs. 10,000/- to Rs. 1,00,000/- per unit in diversified product like Sari to Carpet.
Opportunities
i. The rural employment generation is on priority agenda of Central as well as state
government which can be generated by exploiting sericulture.
ii. Women empowerment is also the priority sector in India. Sericulture can give dignified
employment to rural women.
34
iii. Migration from rural to urban areas can be minimized by supporting rural people by way
of increasing their rearing potential as a result of support for increasing rearing
accommodation and rearing equipments which can lead them switch over to bi-or-
multicrop sericulture.
iv. Massive mulberry plantation on sloppy and waste land can be useful for increasing food
supplement for lactating animals and also for preventing soil erosion and degradation.
v. Plantation through NREGA can be useful in covering large chunks of sloppy land in rural
and hilly areas with measures to its protection to save the plantation from all threat of
driage which will be an attempt on its part to help maintain ecological balance
Threats
i. Low survival of mulberry under varied agro-climatic rain-fed conditions.
ii. Exposure of established mulberry plantation to stray cattle in between Kharif & Rabi
crops.
iii. Conduct of silkworm rearing in non-hygienic dwelling houses of farmers which leads to
out-break of silkworm diseases.
iv. Missing of larvae in farmers houses during Chawki Rearing.
v. Abrupt fluctuation of hygrothermic conditions during silkworm rearing period.
vi. Stunted growth of mulberry at farmers level due to lack of nourishment.
vii. Un-stability of cocoon and silk yarn prices.
VII) Cooperative Sector

Strength
i) There are 88 registered Cooperative Societies with 2o PACS and 5 marketing societies
Weaknesses
i) Many societies have become defunct due to non availability of funds
Opportunities
i) Revival of defunct societies & registration of new ones with influx of funds is a good
sign.
ii) Farmers clubs also can help in agricultural activities
Threats
i) Defunct primary Agri. Coop Soc. Remain burden for all other cooperative societies
35
VIII) SWOT Analysis of Horticulture Planning & Marketing Sector
Strength
i) Scope of development of Agri produce market as a number of good quality fruits are
grown the area.
ii) Increased storage capacity shall save the produce from perishing
iii) Alternate packaging like plastic crates and cardboard cartons will reduce pressure upon
forests and increase the value of produce
iv) This shall increase shelf life of the produce. Pear of Poonch district requires such
facility
v) Awareness is the corner stone of Execution and implementation.
vi) Const. of Grain Mandi in Poonch to provide the place where farmers can dispose their
produce in sine-qua-non.
Weaknesses
i) The farmers being illiterate and poor are unable to organize themselves and are
subjected to different type of exploitation.
ii) Money required for storage may be a limitation for poor farmers
iii) Farmers may not resort to use of these alternate packing due to psychological
weaknesses.
iv) May increase the cost of transportation beyond reach of the farmers.
v) Farmers are illiterate and may not understand the concept literally.
vi) Provision of land for market development is very limited in Poonch town itself.
Opportunities
i) Various schemes available for grouping farmers to market their produce like Farmers
clubs etc.
ii) This shall increase the bargaining capacity of the farmers and can increase time utility.
iii) Use of alternate packing material shall save the produce from transportation loss and
increase the income of the farmer.
iv) Once used for costly and delicate farm produce will increase agri income individually
as well as collectively. A huge quantity of fruit can be saved from being damaged
36
v) The increased awareness will lead to better utilization of the modern technology by the
farmers.
vi) This will provide a better % return to the producer/seller and shall increase per unit
return and eventually production and productivity shall also increase.
Threats
i) Growers being illiterate, can be exploited even after the establishment of organized
markets.
ii) Farmers under the control of the businessman since ages may not utilize the store to the
desired level.
iii) The persistent use of plastic crates will lead to environmental pollution for the material
being Bio non degradable.
iv) Farmers may not use it at all because of illiteracy, ignorance and poverty.
v) Too much awareness may be taken otherwise by the farmers.
vi) This is likely to be opposed by the traders/millers and other vested interests who are
exploiting the people in different ways.
IX) SWOT Analysis of District Rural Development Sector

Strength
i) Rural Development Agency is actively engaged in formation of SHGs and vocational
training programmes.
Weaknesses
i) The group membership is mainly illiterate, low representation of BPL families. Most of
the members are landless and some have marginal land.
Opportunities
i) With the Implementation of RKVY, there will be opportunities to raise their income
which will result in improvement of their living conditions.
ii) Self employment will be generated in the district.
Threats
i) Skilled people are doing the job outside the district So, it is important to explore some
ways to improve the skill of these poor people to the desired level to engage them in the
activities.
37
X) SWOT Analysis of Research Sector, (SKUAST-J)
Strength
i) SKUAST-Jammu has the entire infrastructure for conducting research & extension
activities. KVK of the university has an impressive presence in the district
Weaknesses
i) The farmer of the dry land is not only illiterate, but resource poor and less receptive to
adoption of new agro techniques.
Opportunities
i) Introduction of new varieties and recommended package of practices can enhance the
productivity and uplift the socio-economic status of farmers
Threats
i) Exclusion of farmers from participatory research can be detrimental in adoption process
3.3. ACCOMODATING SWOT-ADDRESSING ISSUES EMERGING OUT OF THE

ANALYSIS
1. Thrust on Ever Green Revolution for nutrition security and prosperity on sustainable basis.
2. Diversification of farming system through eco-friendly, cost effective and sustainable
technologies.
3. Participatory Seed Production through Seed Villages and to increase seed replacement rate
of field crops from 10 to 33%.
4. Mushroom cultivation throughout the year by introduction of dhingri and milky
mushroom during off-season and under controlled conditions.
5. To increase honey production and pollination mechanism of cross pollinated crops by
thrusting Bee-keeping.
6. Marketing of produce by strengthening of market infrastructure.
7. Post–harvest technology i.e. Cold storage, cool chain management and food processing
industries.
8. Development of rainfed farming system by development of Dry-land Panchyats
(integrated farm models of 40 ha each with cluster approach through demonstration of
38
cropping system, development of watershed areas, waste-lands, water harvesting tanks,
roof-top water harvesting and plasticulture etc.
9. Skill development and capacity building of Officers/Officials.
10. Farmers (Awareness programmes at village level).
11. Farmers‟ Field Schools.
12. Establishment of Village Knowledge Cetres and management of Agriculture information
System for comprehensive agriculture development.
13. Promotion of Organic farming.
14. Improvement of soil health.
15. Infrastructure development (Offices of Field Officers, Demonstration Centres etc.).
16. Agriculture mechanization through large and small power driven, bullock/manual
operated machinery and equipment.
17. Soil and Water Conservation, Bio-drainage, Sub-surface drainage, Check-dams and other
soil and water conservation structures.
18. Agro-forestry, Medicinal plantation, cultivation of spices.
19. Introduction of hybrid and exotic vegetables (Snow peas, Sugar Snap peas, Broccoli,
Brussels‟ Sprout, Asparagus, Lettuce, Celery, Parsley, Baby-corn etc.)
20. Revival of traditional millets.
21. To improve productivity of cereals, millets, pulses and oilseeds.
22. Non-farm income generation activities i.e. Agri-Buisness Clubs etc.
23. Enhancement of Horticulture production
24. Improvement of animal husbandry, fisheries, poultry, sericulture and all other allied
activities.
25. The massive plantation of mulberry on government and proprietary land for development
of mulberry clusters to be taken up to make available the leaf in abundance to utilize it for
silkworm rearing besides other uses.
26. Human resource development improvement of mulberry cultivation to raise high quality
leaf yielding varieties and top working of Shahtoot on local varieties of mulberry to
produce mulberry fruits for commercial use both in rearing and as Horticulture produce.
39
27. Production of mulberry plants as per the demand which is already high in field by way of
improving irrigation facilities and soil condition by construction of vermin-compose
trenches for production of vermi-composed to cater to the needs of mulberry nurseries.
28. Human resource development by way of organizing Awareness Camps of farmers for
raising per unit cocoon crop from existing 30-35 kgs. to 45-50 kgs. per ounce.
29. Organizing study tour of farmers to Sericulturally advanced states of South India for on
spot observation of latest know how in plantation and silkworm rearing.
30. Emphasis will be laid on processing of silk cocoons from reeling to production of fabrics
within the State through electronic and print media in coordination with concerned
departments to raise employment generation and value addition of silk products in J&K
State. This exercise will include organization of workshop on Post Cocoon Sector in
consultation with Central Silk Board and Power loom Sector.
3.4. SECTORAL/REGIONAL GROWTH DRIVERS OF THE DISTRICT

1. Off season vegetables cultivation is one of the best option as the vast area of Poonch
spread over three agro-climatic regions viz; Subtropical, Intermediate and Temperate.
2. Salubrious atmosphere for mulberry cultivation
3. Nomads (Gujjar, Bakerwal) population is one of the factor for rearing sheep, Goats,
Milch animals
4. Aromatic flower cultivation is best option because of agro-climatic cultivation
5. Favourable weather and scenic spots attract tourist from all over the country there by
creating scope for marketing of food crops, horticultural crops, flowers, honey,
mushroom, milk, milk products and bamboo products etc.
40
CHAPTER IV
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR
4.1. INTRODUCTION
Poonch district is one of the remotest district of Jammu & Kashmir and agriculture is
the life line for 80 percent of its population. The majority of the area in the district is rural and
almost every household has agricultural holding for practicing agriculture and allied activities
either as part time or full time profession. Poonch district is home to a number of niche
agricultural products like rajmash, pecannut, plum etc. Even the maize grown in Poonch is
famous all over the country for its unique taste. Similarly, Pear and Plum of Poonch district
are also famous for their high quality and taste. The problem however lies in the stagnation in
productivity of cereal crops and lack of post harvest management and marketing infrastructure
for horticultural crops. The net sown area of Poonch district under kharif is 30,570 hectares
whereas net sown area under rabi season is 20,642 hectares. The irrigated area under kharif is
4,250 hectares (13.90% of the total cropped area under kharif) and under Rabi season is 580
hectares (2.80% of the total cropped area under Rabi). The cropping intensity of the district is
166%. Maize – Wheat is the major cropping sequence being followed in the district. Besides
this, other cropping rotations being practiced in the district are Maize – Potato, Maize –
Berseem, Rice – wheat, Rice – Fodder. The low productivity of agricultural crops is primarily
due to the reason that more than 85 percent area on which agricultural crops are grown is
rainfed. Every year in some pockets or other, farmers are forced to resowing of crop due to
lack of rains and failure of seed already sown.Because of the majority resource poor farmers,
there in an adverse outlook to opt for the changing need and preferences for mitigating the
production stress. The objectives of this scheme is to draw up plans for agriculture sector
comprehensively, taking agro-climatic conditions, natural resource issues and technology into
account and integrating livestock, poultry, fisheries and other allied sectors fully.
 To achieve the goal of reducing yield gaps in important crops through focused
intervention.
 To maximize returns to the farmers in Agriculture and allied sectors.
 To bring about quantifiable changes in production and productivity of various
components of agriculture.
41
4.2. LAND USE
Land utilization pattern of Poonch district both year wise and block wise has been
presented in tables 19 and 20 respectively.
4.3. SOIL HEALTH
The soil health profile at Panchayat level is not available for Poonch district,
however the general condition of soils is good due to the availability of sufficient quantity
of organic manure.
4.4. WATER RESOURCES AND MANAGEMENT
The block wise detail of water resources available in Poonch district have been
presented in Table 22
4.5. MAJOR CROP AND VARIETIES GROWN IN DISTRICT POONCH
The major crops and varieties for cereals, pulses and vegetables grown in Poonch
district has been presented in Table 23.
4.6. INPUT MANAGEMENT
Besides Land and water, proper input management holds key to production and
productivity of crops. In face of rising cost of inputs, declining factor productivity and
diminishing farm profitability, emphasis will have to be on efficient and judicious use of
improved integrated nutrient management and integrated pest management to accelerate
agricultural growth. At present there exists a big gap between actual yield and potential yield
of crops in the district. Proper input management is imperative to fill this gap. One of most
critical inputs is quality seed. The Govt. agencies assure the supply of different quality seeds
during each season, but the demand for quality seed always remains more than its supply. The
seed replacement rate in case of all the major crops will be enhanced to about 25% in the
project period. The availability of seed and its enhanced replacement rate can be ensured by
involving farmers in seed production process on large scale in Seed Village
Programme/Registered seed growers.
In view of strict global competition, subsidy should be enhanced substantially on wide
range of agriculture inputs like seed, fertilizer, power and irrigation.
The present NPK consumption is very low. The use of pesticide/fungicide in terms of
technical grade material is increasing and the future strategy is to give major emphasis on
field school concept and use of bio pesticides.
42
Table 19: Land Utilization Pattern (Year Wise)
S. No. Year Reporting Forests Area not available for Other Uncultivable excluding fallow Fallow
area cultivation Land
(ha.) Land put Barren & Permanent Net Area Culturable Fallow Current
to Non- Non- pastures & sown Waste land other fallows
Agri. Uses cultivable other grazing Current
land land fallow
than
1. 2005-06 114381 34051.24 26968 7566 18491 27499.8 7566 239 503
2. 2006-07 114381 34051.24 10762 16004 18060 27403 7313 211 196
3. 2007-08 114381 34051.24 10762 16000 18000 27403 7000 211 570
4. 2008-09 114381 34050.00 10762 16004 18060 27666 7313 211 570
5. 2009-10 114381 34050.00 7075 19728 18012 27560 7330 118 10
Table 20: Land Utilization Pattern (Block Wise)

S. No. Block Reporting Forests Area not available for Other Uncultivable excluding fallow Fallow
area cultivation Land
(ha.) Land put Barren & Permanent Net Area Culturable Fallow Current
to Non- Non- pastures & sown Waste land other fallows
Agri. Uses cultivable other grazing Current
land land fallow
than
1. Poonch 19045 15639.46 1547.98 7041.7 6307.65 6550.15 - - 2.70
2. Mandi 19565 4035.49 1547.73 3497.3 6307.65 2586.96 - - 2.70
3. Surankote 27086 1372.47 411.1 1312.4 450.12 6946 - 33.10 -
4. Buffliaz 19061 2812.00 425.24 1868.6 1344.3 1631.29 5357.21 34.85 -
5. Mendhar 27846 7798.00 536.54 4397.3 955.26 6944.68 1972.79 41.82 0.20
6. Balakote 1778 2392.58 2606.41 1610.7 2647.02 2900.62 - 8.23 4.40
Total 114381 34050 7075 19728 18012 27559.7 7330.00 118 10
43
Table 21: Production and Productivity of Cereal Crops in Poonch District
2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Prod. in M.T's
Prod. in M.T's
Prod. in M.T's
Prod. in M.T's
Productivity in
Productivity in
Productivity in
Productivity in
Productivity
Area in Ha
Area in Ha
Area in Ha
Area in Ha
S.
Prod. in
Qtls/Ha
Qtls/Ha
Qtls/Ha
Qtls/Ha
Qtls/Ha
in Ha
M.T's
Crop
Area
in
No
1 Maize 24000 39.33 94392.00 24000 22.44 53856.00 24000 22.06 52934.80 24500.00 22.32 54688.50 24000 19.45 46680.00
2 Paddy 4300 32.80 14104.00 4300 34.35 14770.50 4300 21.07 9061.00 3800.00 20.96 7964.80 4300 16.366 7037.38
3 Wheat 15000 18.87 28305.00 15000 17.48 26220.00 15000 1.25 1873.00 15000.00 16.15 24228.00 15000 14.345 21517.50
4 Pulses 55 - - 50 - - 48 - - 28 - - 42 - -
5 Oilseeds 691 - - 577 - - 457 - - 444 - - 469 - -
44
Table 22: Water Resources and Management
S. Block Net Area Irrigated (ha.) Gross Area Irrigated (ha.)
No. Canals Springs Others Total Canals Springs Others Total
1. Poonch 1918.46 - 241.22 2159.68 3587.52 - 402.80 3990.32
2. Mandi 130.01 7.00 11.03 141.04 234.95 33.00 18.40 253.35
3. Surankote 247.29 - 17.05 264.34 436.15 - 28.40 464.55
4. Buffliaz 125.76 - 15.86 141.62 235.13 - 26.40 261.53
5. Mendhar 687.76 - 104.84 792.60 1321.15 - 175.00 1496.15
6. Balakote 165.72 - 0.00 165.72 271.10 - 0.00 271.10
Total 3275.00 7.00 390.00 3672.00 6086.00 33.00 651.00 6770.00
45
Table 23: Major Crop and Varieties Grown in District Poonch
S. No Season Crop Variety
Paddy Local, China, K-448, Ranjha
Local, C-8, Kanchan-612, KH-517, Pro Agro 4794,
Maize
A Kharif PG Hybrid, Double Deklab
Pulses Mash : Uttara, Lentil: L-4076
Oilseeds Til PB-1
Wheat Local Desi, PBW-373, HS-490
Pulses Chickpea: BG-1103
B Rabi Mustard: Pusa Bold & Local; Gobi Sarsoon: DGS-1
Oilseeds
& Local mixed; Toria: Local & RSPT-1
Fodder Oats: Kent, Wheat: Local
Table 24: Present Seed Replacement Rate of Poonch District
Name of Area under crop Present seed replace rate

S. No
the crop (in ha) %
1 Paddy 3621 7
2 Maize 23828 12.10
3 Wheat 14970 4.30
4 Fodder 2070 0.40
5 Oilseeds 452 0.55
6 Pulses 43 0
Table 25: Fertilizer Off-Take in Poonch District

S. Year Season Fertilizers Off take („000 quintal)
No. N P K NPK Total
1. 2004-05 Kharif 847.45 173.60 38.88 1059.93 1059.93
Rabi 328.89 581.14 0.96 910.99 910.99
2. 2005-06 Kharif 711.57 148.25 10.98 870.80 1741.60
Rabi 300.18 60.63 18.06 378.87 457.56
3. 2006-07 Kharif 692.05 NA 14.04 706.09 706.09
Rabi 867.92 474.52 108.02 1450.66 1450.66
4. 2007-08 Kharif 992.67 25 32.16 1049.72 1049.72
Rabi 865.36 314.27 26.46 1206.09 1206.09
5. 2008-09 Kharif 21.90 5.20 1.10 28.20 28.20
Rabi
6. 2008-09 Kharif 0.3754 0.131 0.0339 - 0.54
Rabi
Source: Department of Agriculture, Poonch
46
Table 26: Blockwise Fertilizer Off-Take in Poonch District
S. No. Block Fertilizer Off-take („000 quintal)
N P K
1. Poonch 0.2531 0.0989 0.0299
2. Mandi 0.0033 0.0023 -
3. Surankote 0.093 - 0.002
4. Buffliaz - - -
5. Mendhar 0.018 - 0.002
6. Kalakote 0.008 0.0298 -
Total 0.3754 0.131 0.0339
Source: Department of Agriculture, Poonch
4.7. FARM MECHANISATION/ FARM EQUIPMENTS

Farm mechanization is limited to operations like ploughing etc.. Use of tractor
has increased along with the use of storage bins. There is need to increase the adoption of
farm mechanization and utility equipments.
4.8. SPECIAL PROJECTS/ PROGRAMMES ON- GOING IN THE DISTRICT

The details of the special projects and programmes on-going in the Poonch district in
agriculture and horticulture sectors are mentioned below:
Table 27: Specific On-going Programmes for Agriculture in Poonch District
S. No. Name of the scheme Sector
1. National Food Security Mission (NFSM) Central
2. National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology
(NMAET) under ATMA
a. Sub Mission on Agricultural Extension
b. Sub Mission on Seed and Planting material
Central
c. Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization
d. Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine
3. National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) Central
4. National Bamboo Mission (NBM) Central
5. Land Development State
6. ISOPOM Maize Central
7 NAIS Central
8 Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) Central
9 Krishi Vigyan Kendra Central
10 National e-Governance Plan -Agriculture [NeGP-A] Central
11 AGRISNET Project Central
12 Scheme on Organic Farming Central
13 Biogas Development Programmes Central
14 Kisan Call Centre Central
15 Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension Central
47
National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET):
Agricultural Technology, including the adoption/ promotion of critical inputs, and
improved agronomic practices were being disseminated under 17 different schemes of the
Department of Agriculture & Cooperation during the 11th Plan. The Modified Extension
Reforms Scheme was introduced in 2010 with the objective of strengthening the extension
machinery and utilizing it for synergizing the interventions under these schemes under the
umbrella of Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA). NMAET has been
envisaged as the next step towards this objective through the amalgamation of these schemes.
National Mission on Agricultural Extension and Technology (NMAET) consists of 4 Sub
Missions: (i) Sub Mission on Agricultural Extension (SMAE) (ii) Sub-Mission on Seed and
Planting Material (SMSP) (iii) Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) (iv)Sub
Mission on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine (SMPP).
SUPPORT TO STATE EXTENSION PROGRAMMES FOR EXTENSION REFORMS
(ATMA):
This programme is a major initiative towards revitalizing agricultural extension to make
the extension system decentralized and demand driven. The scheme has been conceptualized on
the basis of the policy framework for agricultural extension and experiences with the
innovations in the technology dissemination component of the National Technology Project .
Following key reforms are being promoted under the scheme; 1. Providing innovative
restructured autonomous bodies at the district level (Agriculture Technology Management
Agency) and at block level (Farmers Advisory Committee, Block Technology Team), which
are flexible, promote bottom up and participatory approaches, are farmer driven and facilitate
public-private partnership. 2. Convergence of line departments' programmes and operating on
gap filling mode by formulating Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) and Annual
Work Plans. 3. Encouraging Multi-agency Extension Strategies involving inter-alia
public/private extension service providers. 4. Moving towards integrated, broad-based
extension delivery in the line with farming systems approach. 5. Adopting Group approach to
extension (Operating through Farmer interest Groups (FIGs) & Self Help Groups (SHGs). 6.
Addressing gender concerns (mobilizing farm women into groups, capacity building etc.) 7.
Moving towards sustainability of extension services (e.g. through beneficiary contribution).
One of the first tasks of the district level institutions is to facilitate the preparation of a Strategic
48
Research and Extension Plan (SREP) of the district through participatory methodologies
involving all the stakeholders and farmers. SREP becomes the basis for development of
Block/District level plans. State Extension Work Plan is developed at the State level and it
contains a consolidated activity-wise plan incorporating all the District Action Plans (DAPs) in
the State and the State Level activities. In the year 2013-14, Rupees 1132.85 lacs were spent.
For 2014-15 approved work plan is Rs. 2236.74 lacs. All districts have now been covered under
this scheme. (ii) Sub-Mission on Seed and Planting Material (SMSP) : Adoption of quality
seeds is the most cost effective means for increasing agricultural production and productivity.
The interventions included in the Sub-Mission ATMA GUIDELINES, 2014 will cover the
entire gamut of seed chain from nucleus seed to supply to farmers for sowing and also to the
major stakeholders in the seed chain and also provide for support for infrastructure to create an
enabling environment for development of the Sector. SMSP also envisages strengthening of
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Authority (PPV&FRA) in order to put in
place an effective system for protection of plant varieties, rights of farmers and plant breeders
and to encourage development of new varieties of plants. Till date, Government of India has
allocated funds to the tune of Rs 89 lakh during 2014-15 under this programme. (iii) Sub
Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM): There is a strong correlation between farm
power availability & Agriculture productivity. Therefore, sub Mission on Agricultural
Mechanization will focus on farm mechanization. The Sub-Mission will mainly cater to the
needs of the small and marginal farmers through institutional arrangements such as custom
hiring, mechanization of selected villages, subsidy for procurement of machines & equipments,
etc. Government of India has allocated funds to the tune of Rs. 65 lakhs during 2014-15 under
this Sub-Mission. (iv) Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine (SMPP): Sub-
Mission on Plant Protection included in NMAET envisages increase in agricultural production
by keeping the crop disease free using scientific and environment friendly techniques through
promotion of Integrated Pest Management. Strengthening and Modernization of Pest
Management Approach aims at this vital aspect of Plant Protection and also covers regulatory
requirements of pesticides. The component on Strengthening & Modernization of Plant
Quarantine facilities in India is regulatory in nature with the aim of preventing introduction and
spread of exotic pests that are harmful to crops by regulating/restricting import of plant/plant
products. Monitoring pesticide residues in food commodities and environmental samples is also
49
included in this Sub-Mission. The component on National Institute of Plant Health
Management (NIPHM) will promote environmentally sustainable Plant Health Management
practices in diverse and changing agro-climatic conditions, pesticide management, and Bio-
security through capacity building programmes. Farmers' skill trainings and field extension as
contained in all 4 Sub Missions of NMAET (Viz. SMSP, SMAE, SMAM and SMPP) will be
converged with similar farmer related activities going on through ATMA. Five tiered modes of
extension carried out in broadcast or interactive electronic modes will also cut across extension
activities in all the four Sub Missions.
ILLUSTRATIVE LIST OF FARMER CENTRIC TRAININGS AND FIELD
EXTENSION
SMSP SAME SMAM SMPP
Seed Farm Schools, Capacity Building by Pest Monitoring

Village Demo Institutions identified (including Pest
Programme Plots, Trainings, by the State Scouts), FFSs, IPM
Exposure Visits Government Training to Farmers
2. Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension (100% CSS):

The primary objective of the scheme is to use television and radio with their massive
penetration, as a vehicle for agricultural extension. Basically, the scheme is focusing on two
initiatives: Doordarshan: The first is use of Doordarshan for infrastructure for providing
agricultural related information and knowledge to farming community. It has two components
(i) narrowcasting using high/low transmitters of Doordarshan (ii) regional and national
agricultural programmes in terrestrial mode of transmission. Presently, Doordarshan Shimla is
telecasting Krishi Darshan programme between 6.00 PM to 6.30 PM five days in a week. All
India Radio: This component of scheme envisages use of FM transmitters of AIR to broadcast
area specific agricultural programmes with 30 minutes radio transmission six days a week.
Presently, half an hour, Kisanvani programme is being broadcast, six days a week from FM
Dharamshala and Hamirpur.
50
3. Kisan Call Centre: Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension
Under this, farmers can get any information on agriculture by dialling toll free number
1800-180-1551 or 1551. The service is available from 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM on all days. This
is 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme.
4. Crop Insurance Schemes:
RASHTRIYA KRISHI BIMA YOJNA (RKBY): The State Govt. has introduced this
scheme from Rabi, 1999-2000 season. Crops covered are Wheat, Barley, Maize, Paddy, Potato
and Ginger. 50% subsidy on premium is being provided to small and marginal farmers. The
scheme is compulsory for loanee farmers and optional for non-loanee farmers. The scheme
provides comprehensive risks insurance against yield losses viz. drought, hailstorm, floods and
pests disease etc. The Agriculture Insurance Co. of India (AICI) is implementing the scheme. a)
Objectives: 1. To provide insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in the event
of failure of any of the notified crop as a result of natural calamities, pests & diseases. 2. To
encourage the farmers to adopt progressive farming practices, high value in-puts and higher
technology in Agriculture. 3. To help stabilise farm incomes, particularly in disaster years. b)
Farmers to be covered: The Scheme covers following groups of farmers: On a compulsory
basis: All farmers growing notified crops and availing Seasonal Agricultural Operations (SAO)
loans from Financial Institutions i.e. Loanee Farmers. On a voluntary basis: All other farmers
growing notified crops (i.e., Non-Loanee farmers) who opt for the Scheme. c) Risks Covered:
Comprehensive risk insurance will be provided to cover yield losses due to non-preventable
risks, viz.: 1. Natural Fire and Lightning 2. Storm, Hailstorm, Cyclone, Typhoon, Tempest,
Hurricane, Tornado etc. 3. Flood, Inundation and Landslide 4. Drought, Dry spells 5.
Pests/Diseases etc. d) Seasonality Discipline: The broad cut-off dates for receipt of proposals in
respect of Non-loanee farmers will be as under: Kharif season : 31st July Rabi season : 31st
December However, seasonality discipline may be modified, if and where necessary in
consultation with State / UT and the Govt. of India.
5. Biogas Development Programmes (100%):
This is 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme under which subsidy @ Rs.7000 per biogas
plant of one cubic meter and Rs.11,000/- per biogas plant of two & above cubic meter capacity
is being provided.
51
6. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) (100%CSS):
Concerned by the slow growth in Agriculture and allied sectors, the Government of
India has launched a special Additional Central Assistance Scheme Rashtriya Krishi Vikas
Yojna (RKVY). The RKVY aims at achieving 4% annual growth in the agriculture sector
during the XI Plan period, by ensuring a holistic development of Agriculture and allied sectors.
The scheme is being implemented in the State to achieve envisaged annual growth rate. This
scheme has also been continued by the Govt. of India during 12th Plan. a). Objectives of the
scheme: I. To incentives the states as so as to increase public investment in Agriculture and
allied sectors, II. To provides flexibility and autonomy to states in the process of planning and
executing Agriculture and allied sector schemes, III. To ensure the preparation of agriculture
plans for the districts and the states based on agro-climatic conditions, availability of
technology and natural resources, IV. To ensure that the local needs/ crops/ priorities are better
reflected in the agricultural plans of the states, V. To achieve the goal of reducing the yield
gaps in important crops, through focused interventions, VI. To maximize returns to the farmers
in Agriculture and allied sectors, VII. To bring about quantifiable changes in the production
and productivity of various components in Agriculture and allied sectors by addressing them in
a holistic manner. b). Area of Focus under RKVY: I. Integrated development of major food
crops such as wheat, paddy, coarse cereals, minor millets, pulses & oilseeds. II. Activities
related to enhancement of soil health and mechanization. III. Development of rain fed farming
systems in and outside watershed areas. IV. Support to state seed farms and IPM. V.
Strengthening of market infrastructure and marketing development. VI. Strengthening of
infrastructure to promote extension services. VII. Activities relating to enhancement of
horticultural production and popularization of micro irrigation systems. VIII. Animal
husbandry and fisheries development activities. IX. Organic and bio-fertilizers and innovative
schemes.
7. National Food Security Mission (NFSM):
The National Food Security Mission is a centrally sponsored scheme has been launched
in 2007. Objectives of this scheme: a. Increasing production of rice and pulses through area
expansion and productivity enhancement in a sustainable manner in a identified district of the
State. b. Restoring soil fertility and productivity at the individual farm level. c. Creation of
52
employment opportunities. d. Enhancing farm level economy i.e. farm profits to restore the
confidence among the farmers.
8. Organic Farming:
Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system which promotes and
enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological
activity. Its emphasis is on the use of management practices in preference to the use of off-farm
inputs, taking into account that regional conditions require locally adapted systems. This is
accomplished by using, where possible, cultural, biological and mechanical methods, as
opposed to using synthetic material, to fulfill any specific function within the system. The State
of Jammu & Kashmir has started taking steady strides towards the promotion of organic
farming. There is an increasing awareness about organic agriculture practices in the state.
Besides, most of the remote and inaccessible areas are still continuing with the traditional
methods of crop production using organic manures as the only source of the nutrients. It
includes all the agricultural production systems that promote environmentally, socially and
economically sound production of food and fibers. In this system soil fertility is the key to
successful production. Organic farming aims to optimize quality in all aspects of agriculture by
taking into consideration the natural capacity of plants, animals and the land. It emphasizes on
the health of agricultural ecosystem and prohibits the use of synthetic herbicides and pesticides,
genetically modified organisms, synthetic fertilizers in crop production and hormones and
antibiotics in livestock production. It respects the law of nature to increase yields and disease
resistance. Organic farming requires a high level of farm management skills and require use of
vide variety of resources to solve the problems. The organic farming focuses on; " Maximize
biological activity in soils " Maintain long term soil health and minimize soil erosion " Enhance
the genetic and biological system and its surroundings " Provide livestock with optimal living
conditions for well being and better health " Recycling of materials of plant and animal origins,
nutrients to the land (soil and minimize the use of non renewable resources " Promotion of
environmentally friendly use of soil, water and air thus minimizing agricultural pollution
Fertility management in different types of soils is very crucial and critical to increase the
productivity under organic farming. Fertility management encompasses application and
addition of nutrients supplying materials, which include chemical fertilizers, organic manures
and other ameliorants. Efficacy of added materials depends on several factors like structure of
53
soil, drainage and tilth etc. It has been found that continuous use of chemical fertilizers has lead
to several problems in hill soils i.e. reduction in pH, deficiency of secondary and micro
nutrients and reduced biological activity. It is tradition in hills to add organic manures in the
soils which also supplement nutrition and also improves physical and biological properties of
soils. Practice of incorporation of organic manure is very good, but farmers usually add
partially decomposed biomass, which account for immobilization of available nutrients in soil
particularly Nitrogen and also it is the chief source of insects attack, fungal and weed
infestation. The most challenging time in the organic farming system is the transition phase as
the farmer switch from conventional to organic agriculture. Organic farming tends to have
lower cost of production than conventional farming, as less emphasis on purchased inputs.
Similarly, the net income from organic farming appears to be slightly higher than the
conventional farming. In general, the expenses are lower and the income is higher (due to price
premium). Keeping in view importance and scope of Organic Farming, the Government has
already notified the policy for its adoption and fulfillment of need based organic farming policy
objectives.
9. National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA):
Sustaining agricultural productivity depends on quality and availability of natural
resources like soil and water. Agricultural growth can be sustained by promoting conservation
and sustainable use of these scarce natural resources through appropriate location specific
measures. Indian agriculture remains predominantly rainfed covering about 60% of the
country's net sown area and accounts for 40% of the total food production. Thus, conservation
of natural resources in conjunction with development of rainfed agriculture holds the key to
meet burgeoning demands for foodgrain in the country. Towards this end, National Mission for
Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) has been formulated for enhancing agricultural productivity
especially in rainfed areas focusing on integrated farming, water use efficiency, soil health
management and synergizing resource conservation. NMSA will cater to key dimensions of
'Water use efficiency', 'Nutrient Management' and 'Livelihood diversification' through adoption
of sustainable development pathway by progressively shifting to environmental friendly
technologies, adoption of energy efficient equipments, conservation of natural resources,
integrated farming, etc. Besides, NMSA aims at promoting location specific improved
agronomic practices through soil health management, enhanced water use efficiency, judicious
54
use of chemicals, crop diversification, progressive adoption of crop-livestock farming systems
and integrated approaches like crop-sericulture, agro-forestry, fish farming, etc. NMSA will
have following objectives: 1. To make agriculture more productive, sustainable, remunerative
and climate resilient by promoting location specific Integrated/Composite Farming Systems; 2.
To conserve natural resources through appropriate soil and moisture conservation measures; 3.
To adopt comprehensive soil health management practices based on soil fertility maps, soil test
based application of macro & micro nutrients, judicious use of fertilizers etc.; 4. To optimize
utilization of water resources through efficient water management to expand coverage for
achieving 'more crop per drop'; 5. To develop capacity of farmers & stakeholders, in
conjunction with other on-going Missions e.g. National Mission on Agriculture Extension &
Technology, National Food Security Mission, National Initiative for Climate Resilient
Agriculture (NICRA) etc., in the domain of climate change adaptation and mitigation measures;
6. To pilot models in select blocks for improving productivity of rainfed farming by
mainstreaming rainfed technologies refined through NICRA and by leveraging resources from
other schemes/Missions like Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
(MGNREGS), Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP), RKVY etc.; and 7. To
establish an effective inter and intra Departmental/Ministerial co-ordination for accomplishing
key deliverables of National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture under the aegis of NAPCC.
NMSA has following four (4) major programme components or activities: (i) Rainfed Area
Development (RAD): RAD will adopt an area based approach for development and
conservation of natural resources along with farming systems. This component has been
formulated in a 'watershed plus framework', i.e., to explore potential utilization of natural
resources base/assets available/created through watershed development and soil conservation
activities /interventions under MGNREGS, NWDPRA, RVP&FPR, RKVY, IWMP etc.. This
component will introduce appropriate farming systems by integrating multiple components of
agriculture such as crops, horticulture, livestock, fishery, forestry with agro based income
generating activities and value addition. Besides, soil test/soil health card based nutrient
management practices, farmland development, resource conservation and crop selection
conducive to local agro climatic condition will also be promoted under this component. A
cluster based approach of 100 hectare or more (contiguous or non contiguous in difficult terrain
with close proximity in a village/adjoining villages) may be adopted to derive noticeable
55
impact of convergence and encourage local participation and for future replication of the model
in larger areas. Supplementary support from this component will be admissible for gap-filling
resource conservation activities under converging programmes. RAD clusters should have soil
analysis/soil health card/soil survey maps to justify the interventions prposed and at least 25%
of the farming system area will have to be covered under On Farm Water Management.
Farming Systems recommended by ICAR's Contingency Plans and successful findings of
NICRA projects shall also be considered in development of integrated project plan. Besides,
creation and development of common property resources/assets/utilities like grain bank,
biomass shredders, fodder bank, group marketing etc. will be encouraged under this
component. Government of India has allocated funds to the tune of Rs. 4.0 crores during 2014-
15 under this component. (ii) On Farm Water Management (OFWM): OFWM will focus
primarily on enhancing water use efficiency by promoting efficient on-farm water management
technologies and equipment. This will not only focus on application efficiency but, in
conjunction with RAD component, also will emphasize on effective harvesting & management
of rainwater. Assistance will be extended for adopting water conservation technologies,
efficient delivery and distribution systems etc. Emphasis will also be given to manage and
equitably distribute the resources of commons by involving the water users associations, etc..
To conserve water on farm itself, farm ponds may be dug using MGNREGA funds and earth
moving machinery (to the extent manual digging under MGNREGA is not feasible)
Government of India has allocated funds to the tune of Rs 625.50 lakhs during 2014-15 under
this component. (iii) Soil Health Management (SHM): SHM will aim at promoting location as
well as crop specific sustainable soil health management including residue management,
organic farming practices by way of creating and linking soil fertility maps with macro-micro
nutrient management, appropriate land use based on land capability, judicious application of
fertilizers and minimizing the soil erosion/degradation. Assistance will be provided for various
improved package of practices based on land use and soil characteristics, generated through
geographical information system (GIS) based thematic maps and database on land and soil
characteristics through extensive field level scientific surveys. Besides, this component will
also provide support to reclamation of problem soils (acid/alkaline/saline). This component will
be implemented by State Govt., National Centre of Organic Farming (NCOF), Central
Fertilizer Quality Control & Training Institute (CFQC&TI) and Soil and Land Use Survey of
56
India (SLUSI). Given the limitations, such as staff and infrastructure, faced by the department
of agriculture at the field level, a Public Private Partnership Model may be adopted by states
depending upon the private partner's strength in the field to ensure that the soil testing is done
in time and in the numbers required. The private parties can be encouraged to set up soil testing
labs in selected areas in the district. Government of India has allocated funds to the tune of Rs.
47.50 lakh during 2014-15 under this component. (iv) Climate Change and Sustainable
Agriculture: CCSAMMN will provide creation and bidirectional (land/farmers to
research/scientific establishments and vice versa) dissemination of climate change related
information and knowledge by way of piloting climate change adaptation/mitigation
research/model projects in the domain of climate smart sustainable management practices and
integrated farming system suitable to local agro-climatic conditions. The dedicated expert
teams of technical personnel will be institutionalised within NMSA to rigorously monitor and
evaluate the mission activities thrice in a year and will inform the National Committee. A
consortium approach will be evolved with various stake holders including knowledge partners
like State Agricultural Universities (SAUs), Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs), Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR) Institutes etc. by the State Government to provide single window
service/knowledge provider system for the benefit of farming community. Financial support
may be provided through States to institutionalize the concept and meeting supplementary
developmental activities. Climate change related monitoring, feedback, knowledge networking
and skill development will also be supported under this component through State Agricultural
Universities, ICAR Institutes National/International Institutes, KVKs, Public/Private R&D
Organizations etc. Awarding of Studies, Documentation & Publication, Domestic and Foreign
Training, Workshops/Conferences etc. will be supported under this component.
10. AGRISNET PROJECT:
The Government of India has launched a Central sector scheme titled "Strengthening of/
promoting agricultural informatics and communications" of which one component is
AGRISNET [Agricultural Resources Information System network] .This envisages that the
tools of ICT would provide networking of agriculture sector not only in the country but
globally and the state government department will have reservoir of database. It will bring
farmers, researchers, scientists and administrators together by establishing Agriculture
information online.
57
11. National e-Governance Plan -Agriculture [NeGP-A]:
Government of India has started a centrally sponsored scheme [CSS] "National e-
Governance Plan -Agriculture [NeGP-A] in Department of Agriculture and Co-operation. The
vision behind the project is to create an environment conducive for raising farm productivity
and income to global levels through provision of relevant information and services to
stakeholders. Various IT initiatives/schemes undertaken or implemented by DAC which are
aimed at providing information to the farmers on various activities in agriculture value chain,
will be integrated, so that farmers are able to make proper and timely use of available
information. The information is intended to be provided to farmers through various channels
including common service centres, internet kiosks and SMSs. 12 clusters of services have been
identified. State Government has constituted one State Empowered Committee and 12 District
NeGP-A Implementation Teams for the implementation of this plan and fixed the roles and
responsibilities of committees.
Table 28: Specific On-going Programmes for Horticulture in Poonch District
S. No. Name of the scheme Sector
1. Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture Central
a. Nursery Infrastructure Development
b. Establishment of New Gardens
c. Creation of Water Sources
d. Protected Cultivation
e. Promotion of Integrated Nutrient and Pest Management
f. Organic Farming
g. Horticulture Mechanization
4.9. CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDED INTERVENTIONS FOR

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR
The yield-gap analysis of major crops in the district was carried out. The study of the
existing practices was followed by identifying critical gaps by comparing the existing
practices being adopted by the farmers with recommended practices. The factors and/or
constraints leading to the gapswere arrived at before finalizing the strategies along with
approaches and methodology to overcome the constraints and bridging the gaps. The gaps
58
identified for major cereals under Front Line Demonstrations conducted by Krishi Vigyan
Kendra Poonch during the year 2009-10 and 2010-11 are presented in Table 29.
Constraints for backwardness and issues impeding growth

The major obstacles affecting the progress and productivity of the district as identified
by participatory approach are as follows.
 Dependence on rains
 Fragmented small holdings
 Inadequate availability of quality seeds (including vegetables)
 Lack of marketing facilities
 Farmers‟ aversion to adopt new technologies
 Depleting soil fertility
 Rising costs and diminishing economic returns
 Increasing infestation of insect-pest and disease complex
 Decline in factor productivity
 Lack of resources with farmers
 Lack of Public Private Partnership
Table 29: Productivity of Cereals, Yield Gaps and Technology Index

(Mean Over Locations and Year)
Yield (q/ha) %
Extension
Demonstration Traditional increase Technology Technology
Crop Potential gap
Plots Plots
over gap (q/ha) Index (%)
(q/ha)
local
Maize 60.00 35.92 26.37 36.21 24.08 9.55 40.13
Paddy 40.00 38.16 31.11 22.66 1.84 7.05 4.60
Wheat 55.00 21.66 17.03 27.18 33.34 4.63 60.61
The Constraint Analysis of some important Field Crops grown in Poonch district has
been presented in Table 30.
59
Table 30: Constraint Analysis of Important Field Crops
S. Crop- activities/ Gap Factors/constraints Strategies/mode of Sustainability Remarks

No leading to gap action output
A MAIZE
1 Non- adoption of Non-availability of Timely availability of Constant Project-II
package and inputs & lack of inputs, Trainings & production
practices knowledge awareness
2 Low adoption of seed Partial adoption of seed Popularization of seed Negligible impact Project-II
treatment treatment treatment practices
3 Incidence of pest and Partial adoption of pest Popularization of pest 10 % yield can be Project-II & VII
diseases management practices management practices increased
4 Incidence of Weeds Partial adoption of weed Popularization of weed 10-20 % yield can Project,-II
management practices management practices be increased
5 Low yielding varieties Partial adoption of Popularization of HYV and 25 % increase in Project-III
improved varieties seed village yield
6 Organic cultivation Non availability of Training, demonstration Improvement in soil Project-VI
organic package and and campaign on organic health
practices cultivation
B PADDY
1 Low adoption of seed Less awareness, To popularize practice of Negligible impact Project-II
treatment negligible adoption seed treatment for
maintaining crop health.
2 Non- adoption of Non-availability of Timely availability of Constant Project-VI
60
3 Non adoption of IPM Low awareness Popularization of IPM Ten percent growth Project-VII
practices practices in area under IPM
every year.
4 Poor water Low awareness, non Judicious use of water 4 % growth in area Project-I
management availability of water, under proper water
depends on rainfall management.
C WHEAT
1 Lesser adoption of Seed borne diseases To popularize practice of Reduction in use of Project-II
seed treatment seed treatment for chemicals
2 Non- adoption of Non-availability of Timely availability of Constant Project-II
3 Poor disease and Emergence of Yellow Making farmer aware 10 % growth in Project-II & VII
insect management rust through Trainings , area every year
demonstrations
4 Low Seed Non availability of HYV Availability of HYV & 10 % growth in Project-III
replacement rate seed production area under HYV
D MUSTARD
1 Low Seed Non availability of HYV Availability of HYV & 10 % growth in Project-III
replacement rate seed production area under HYV
2 Non-adoption of Non-availability of Timely availability of Constant Project-II

package of practice inputs & lack of inputs, Trainings & production
knowledge awareness
61
E MOONG/MASH
1 Non adoption of seed Seed borne diseases To popularize practice of Reduction in use of Project-II
treatment seed treatment for chemicals
2. Low Yielding Non availability of Availability of HYV & Constant supply of Project-III
varieties HYV, low awareness seed production HYV
3 Poor Disease and Increase incidence of To educate the farmers Constant production Project-II &VII
Insect Management yellow mosaic virus through training and
during rainy season demonstrations
F RAJMASH
1 Non adoption of seed Seed borne diseases To popularize practice of Reduction in use of Project-II
treatment seed treatment for chemicals
2. Incidence of diseases Yellow mosaic virus & Training/Awareness Sustained production Project-II &VII
other diseases, loss in
productivity
3 Loss of local Mixing of seed Popularization of local Sustained production Project-II &VII
germplasm variety
62
STREAM-I, SPECIFIC AGRICULTURE PROJECT
PROPOSALS
4.10. RECOMMENDED INTERVENTIONS IN THE AGRICULTURE

SECTOR FOR THE DISTRICT WITH DETAILED ACTION
PLANS WITH COST
The specific projects here under are proposed targeting the 4 % projected growth rate
of the agriculture sector in Poonch district of Jammu & Kashmir. Each projected proposal is
formulated to provide impetus to the growth in the targeted field as extension activities alone
are unable to sustain the growth. These district specific projects will provide a support base
for the other activities for addressing not only short term issues and gains but also will help in
addressing the long term issues of sustainability coupled with food security, nutrition and
socio-economic upliftment of the agrarian society so as to not only check the unemployment
but also to arrest the migration from rural to urban areas with creation of meaningful
employment opportunities in the district itself.
63
4.10.1. PROJECT PROPOSAL –I
WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Increase in irrigated area has become imperative to enhance the overall agricultural
production in order to meet the demand of food, fire and fodder for the growing
populations. So there is a need to improve the water productivity through efficient and
conservative management of water resources. Rain water harvesting is collection and
storage of excess rain water and activities like harvesting surface water, prevention of
losses through evaporation and seepage etc. Harvested rain water can be used directly or
recharged into ground water. Large number of existing water storage system i.e storage
water tanks/ponds exist in Poonch district which have been fallen to misuse due to
accumulation of silt or may require urgent repairs for life saving irrigation to the crops
with appropriate gradient for storage of water and providing irrigation to crops by gravity
system. The Ground water will be utilized by construction of dug/bore/tube wells in areas
where there is scarcity of irrigation water at tail ends.
Sprinkler method has higher application and distribution efficiency, saves
considerable water and provides complete control on timing and quality of irrigation water
to be applied. The Water use efficiency can be much higher as compared to surface method
of irrigation. In order to increase intensity and diversification in agriculture, capacity
building & transfer of improved water management technologies is required to be
developed through water recharging for critical irrigation to crops during dry spells.
Expected Outcome
There shall be equitable distribution of canal water, tank irrigation water and well
irrigation. Expansion of irrigated area will not only enhance the crop and cropping system
productivity by 20-25 per cent but also helps in improving the soil health. In addition, the
participatory mode of developmental activities and capacity building of different
stakeholders helps in creating awareness among the water users to use the available water
more efficiently and improve the system efficiency and also creates more job
opportunities, strengthening of agro-based industries and supports local market. There by
the agricultural growth rate can be expected to 4-5 per cent.
64
Table 31: Project proposal for Water Resources Management
Tehsil wise Targets for 2015-2017 (Fin in Lacs)
Haveli Mandi Mendhar Balakote Mankote Surankote Total
Component Unit
Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
Water harvesting tank
with Maximum
assistance of 2 lacs as No. 15 30.00 10 20.00 20 40.00 10 20.00 10 20.00 15 30.00 80 160
incentive for 300 cum
size
Renovation of existing
Water Harvesting Tanks
No. 5 5.00 2 2.00 5 5.00 2 2.00 2 2.00 5 5.00 21 21
with Maximum
assistance of Rs.1 lacs
Installation of irri. Pump
sets @ 10,000/- each on No. 100 10.00 50 5.00 50 5.00 20 2.00 20 2.00 50 5.00 290 29
50% subsidy
Run off management

No. 300 30.00 200 20.00 200 20.00 200 20.00 200 20.00 300 30.00 1400 140
ponds @ 10000/-each
Installation of Sprinkler
Irrigation system with
No. 10 2.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 10 2.00 40 8.00
max incentive. @
20,000/- each
65
Project proposal for Water Resources Management (continue……)

Component Unit
Roof top water harvesting @

No. 200 60.00 200 60.00 200 60.00 200 60.00 200 60.00 200 60.00 1200 360
30,000/- per structure
Bore well/Shallow wells with
maximum assistance to the No. 150 19.50 100 13.00 100 13.00 100 13.00 100 13.00 150 19.50 700 91
farmers @ 13,000/- each
Tube wells with max assistance

No. 3 60.00 2 40.00 2 40.00 2 40.00 2 40.00 3 60.00 14 28
Rs 20.00 lacs
TOTAL No. 653 169.5 502 133 502 133 502 133 502 133 653 169.5 3314 619
66
4.10.2. PROJECT PROPOSAL –II
INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF MAJOR CROPS/ VEGETABLES
DEMONSTRATIONS OF IMPROVED CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
The demonstration on farmer‟s fields of research findings of applied nature will be

conducted by field staff to ensure early adoption of recommended package of practices and
an amount of Rs. 215.55 lakhs is proposed. 1200 scientific demonstrations of Rice
Hybrid/Improved varieties, 1500 demonstrations of Maize hybrid/ Composite of 0.4 ha,
each, 1200 demonstrations of wheat., 600 demonstration of pulses, 900 demonstration of
Oilseeds of 0.2 ha each, 1500 demonstrations of fodder of 0.2 ha each, 340 demonstration
of vegetables of 0.2 ha.60 demonstration of spices (0.1 ha each) and 30 demonstration of
flowers of 0.1 ha each are proposed in the plan period with financial assistance of Rs.
119.55 lacs during plan period.
The distribution of Kitchen garden kits for increasing production of vegetables in
the district is also proposed for which an amount of Rs. 3 lac has been proposed.
Extension support, use of biofertilizers, balanced fertilization including use of
micro nutrients especially zinc sulphate and plant protection measures may be made
available in the demonstration programme as per incentive norms shown against each crop
The emphasis may also be given for judicious use of inputs and production
technology on intensive cropping system. The demonstration will be linked with farmers
training / field days for which the funds have been kept separately.
The extension specialists will supervise these demonstrations and provide
requisite technical advice to the farmers. The results will be analyzed, evaluated and given
wide publicity through distribution of leaflets, brochures etc.
The demonstration on seed treatment pesticides, weedicides, rodenticides and bio
pesticides will be laid out on 50% subsidy to the beneficiaries with financial assistance of
Rs. 93 lacs, covering an area 18000 ha to control insect pest, diseases and weeds, 9000
quintals seed will be treated with systemic fungicides to control seed borne diseases.
67
Table 32: Project proposal for Demonstrations of Improved Crop Production Technology
Targets for 2015-2017 (Fin in Lacs)
Component Unit
Rice hybrid/Improved each 0.4 ha
with incentive @ 7500/- per ha
No. 300 9 0 0 300 9 150 4.5 150 4.5 300 9 1200 36
Maize hybrid each of 0.4 ha each
incentive Rs. 5000/- per ha
No. 300 6 300 6 300 6 150 3 150 3 300 6 1500 30
Wheat each of 0.4 ha area with
incentive 5000/- per ha
No. 300 6 150 3 300 6 150 3 150 3 150 3 1200 24
Pulses each of 0.2 ha area with
incentive of Rs. 2500/- ha.(Kh & No. 150 0.75 0 0 300 1.5 0 0 0 0 150 0.75 600 3
Rabi)
Oil seeds each of 0.2 ha area with
incentive of 2500/- per ha.(Kh& No. 150 0.75 150 0.75 150 0.75 150 0.75 150 0.75 150 0.75 900 4.5
Rb)
Fodder each of 0.2 ha area with
incentive of 2500/- per ha.(Kh& No. 300 1.5 300 1.5 300 1.5 150 0.75 150 0.75 300 1.5 1500 7.5
Rb)
Vegetables Exotic/ Hybrid/
Potato@ 13000/- ha each
demonstration of 0.2 ha area (Kh
No. 120 4.2 60 2.1 240 8.4 30 1.05 30 1.05 60 2.1 340 6.3
& Rabi)
Spices @ 13000/- per ha each
dem. of 0.2 ha area
No. 10 0.35 10 0.35 10 0.35 10 0.35 10 0.35 10 0.35 60 6.3
Floriculture @ 65000/- ha each
dem. of 0.1 ha.
No. 10 0.65 0 0 10 0.65 0 0 0 0 10 0.65 30 1.95
Kitchen garden @ Rs. 200/ kits No. 250 0.5 250 0.50 250 0..50 250 0..50 250 0..50 250 0..50 1500 3
Seed treatment with incentive of
Rs. 100/- per qtl. of seed for
Cereals, Fodder, Pulses, Oilseeds,
Qtls 3000 3 3000 3 3000 3 3000 3 3000 3 3000 3 18000 18
Vegetables etc.
50% subsidy on chemical
including pesticides/ rodenticides Hect 1500 7.5 1500 7.5 1500 7.5 1500 7.5 1500 7.5 1500 7.5 9000 45
with Rs. 500/ha
Bio-pesticides distribution on
50% subject to max. of Rs. 1000/-
Hect 500 5 500 5 500 5 500 5 500 5 500 5 3000 30
Total 6890 119.45 6220 29.70 7160 50.15 6040 29.40 6040 29.40 6680 40.10 38830 215.55
68
4.10.3. PROJECT PROPOSAL –III
PARTICIPATORY SEED PRODUCTION FOR FOOD SECURITY AND SOCIO-
ECONOMIC STABILITY OF FARMING COMMUNITY OF POONCH DISTRICT
Many improved varieties/ hybrids have been developed and released by both public
and private sectors for the benefit of the farmers. It has been demonstrated in majority of
the crops, that quality seed of improved varieties results in yield increase more than 25-
30%. However, there is wide gap between demand and supply of quality seed in the
district. As a result seed replacement rate continues to be much below (14-15%) the
desired level of 25 and 30% in self and cross pollinated crops respectively. Most of the
private sector companies concentrate on high cost low volume seeds grown by large
farmers on limited scale. Majority of the small and marginal farmers require high volume,
low cost location specific seeds that are neglected even by public sector seed production
organizations. All this lead to non- availability of quality seeds to the farmers as per the
requirement at the time of sowing. Alternatively, the farmers uses his own farm produce as
seeds which are vigorous less and have less productivity.
To mitigate these problems, farmers, participatory seed production programme is
planned in the proposed project with the following objectives.
Objectives:
 Demonstration of improved varieties / hybrids and technologies on farmer‟s field.
 Large scale seed production and distribution at reasonable price through farmer‟s
participatory seed production programme.
 To upgrade the quality of seed produce through seed processing and seed treatment.
 Quality control of the produced seeds by seed testing.
 Human resource development by imparting training to the field staff and farmers on
seed production and quality control.
 Employment generation at village level by involving rural youths and school drop
outs in seed production activities.
Action Plan
A total outlay of Rs. 460.25 lacs will be utilized for technological facilities initially
during the 12th five year plan in Poonch district to produce quality seeds of major crops
under participatory seed production programme. This would strengthen the seed
69
production activities of the department which includes production of 8000 quintals of
certified seed during 2014-15 to 2016-17. It is also proposed to strengthen the
augmentation and supply of basic seeds namely breeder and foundation seeds to other seed
producing agencies, private seed organization etc. for large scale production of &
availability of quality seeds.
Expected Outcome
The wide gap between demand and supply of quality seed of improved varieties/
hybrids can be bridged with the farmers‟ participation in seed production under seed
village concept. This helps to demonstrate and saturate the selected potential seed village
with quality seeds of improved varieties / hybrids of major crops. The concerned officers&
extension specialist of the Department besides the university scientist shall monitor the
seed production programme and there would be close linkage with the farmers and
scientist for technology transfer and successful quality seed production. The potential seed
village for each crop shall be selected and the farmers will be trained in different
techniques of quality seed production and post–harvest handling operations .the
universities supply the genetically pure seeds of improved varieties for further seed
production. The infrastructure requirement need to be developed for harvesting/ threshing,
seed processing, seed storage and seed transportation.
The trainings and field days/meals are included in the proposal on Human Resource
Development for wide spread dissemination of seed production skills, impact of quality
seeds in agricultural production and improved varieties/hybrids. This would help to
increase the availability of quality seed of improved varieties/hybrids in the district to
increase productivity by more than 20%.
The procurement of seeds and their quality management are most crucial aspects of
certified seed production. The assistance will be provided under Seed Village Programme
@ Rs. 350/quintal to meet the cost of certification, loss due to rouging and undersized
seeds. The provision has been made to ensure storage facility in proximity of seed village
through hiring of private godowns. The provision of seed processing plant seed testing
laboratory has also been proposed during 12th five year plan with cost of 160 lakhs. The
subsidy on seed distribution also provided to the tune of 50%, subject to maximum Rs.
800/ qtl on cereals and Rs.2000/ qtl on pulses and oilseeds.
70
Table 33: Project proposal for Participatory Seed Production for Food Security

Component Unit
Procurement/ Production of
foundation certified seed incentive
Qtls 100 3.00 50 1.50 100 3.00 50 1.50 50 1.50 50 1.50 400 12
@ 3000/ qtls through Seed villages
(maize, paddy, wheat)
Production of certified Seed with
incentive @ Rs 350/ qtls through Qtls 2000 7.00 1000 3.50 2000 7.00 1000 3.50 1000 3.50 1000 3.50 8000 28
Seed Village(Paddy,Maize,Wheat
Distribution of certified seed on
50% sub. With max incentive of Qtls 4000 32.00 2000 16.00 4000 32.00 2000 16.00 2000 16.00 2000 16.00 16000 128
Rs.800/ qtls on cereals .
Distribution of Pulses, Oilseeds ,
Fodder etc. on 50% sub. With max Qtls 700 14.00 700 14.00 700 14.00 700 14.00 700 14.00 700 14.00 4200 84
incentive of Rs 2000 / qtls)
Hyb
4 6.00 2 3.00 4 6.00 1 1.50 1 1.50 1 1.50 13 19.5
Distribution of Hybrid/OPV Veg Qtls
seeds on 100% & 50% respectively OPV
3 1.50 1 0.50 3 1.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 1 0.50 10 5
Qtls
Estt. Of seed processing plant cost
No. 1 80 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 80
of building machinery.
Maintenance & Running cost of
No. 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0
seed processing plant
Estt of seed testing lab. building,
No. 1 50 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 50
Machinery, equipment
Seed Village Programme
Ha 250 12.50 125 6.25 250 12.50 125 6.25 125 6.25 125 6.25 1000 50
(5000/ha.of cereals (kh+Rabi)
Seed village programme of pulses/
No. 15 1.875 0 0.00 15 1.875 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 30 3.75
Oilseeds 2500/ha (5 ha. each)
Total 7074 207.875 3878 44.75 7072 77.875 3877 43.25 3877 43.25 3877 43.25 29655 460.25
71
4.10.4. PROJECT PROPOSAL –IV
DEVELOPMENT OF RAINFED FARMING
Rainfed areas are characterized with very low and highly variable uncertain yields
due to in adequate and uneven distribution of rainfall, late on-set and early cessation of
rains, prolonged dry spells during the crop season. Low and erratic rainfall, degraded soils
and poor resource base of farmers are some of the constraints affecting productivity and
livelihood of farming community.
Dry spell in month of August/September affects yield of maize and other kharif
crops. The technologies to be adopted include Rainwater Management, Drought tolerant /
varieties, Farming system for stabilized productivity and income, Efficient utilization of
moisture, Recycling of harvested water through ponds, Develop watershed areas,
Plasticulture and 12 new watersheds will be covered with financial assistance of 900 lakhs
during 2014-15 to 2016-17(500 ha)/watershed, with the following aims and objectives.
Developing all the panchayats of Poonch district with integrated farming model
each year of 40 ha each with cluster approach through demonstration of wheat-Maize
cropping system in and outside watersheds areas @ 2 lakh/ Panchayat (40 ha with
financial assistance of Rs. 1 lakh each during Kharif season and 40 ha with financial
assistance of Rs. 1 lakh during Rabi season. Rs 25000/ panchayat in and outside the
watershed areas with financial assistance @ Rs. 2500/ha on compact demonstrations of
pulses (Rs.12500 for 5 ha. compact demonstration during Kharif season and Rs.12500 for
5 ha demonstration during Rabi season) and compact demonstration of Oilseeds @ 2500/
ha with financial assistance Rs. 25000/ panchayat (Rs. 12500 for 5 ha. compact
demonstration during Kharif season and Rs.12500 for 5 ha demonstration during Rabi
season). An amount of Rs. 120 lacs have been proposed for Cereals and 15 lacs for Pulses
and 15 lacs for Oilseed during the project period. The plasticulture units i.e. Plastic
mulching, shade nets, polygreen houses/low cost tunnels have been proposed with
financial assistance of 119.40 lacs during the project period 2014-15 to 2016-17.
72
Table 34: Project proposal for Development of Rainfed Farming

Component Unit
Polygreen house 16m × 5m
No. 100 6.40 100 6.40 100 6.40 100 6.40 100 6.40 100 6.40 600 38.40
@ Rs. 6400/-
Plastic mulching @ Rs.
No. 100 7.00 100 7.00 100 7.00 100 7.00 100 7.00 100 7.00 600 42
7000/- ha.
Shade nets @ Rs. 7000/- No. 50 3.50 50 3.50 50 3.50 50 3.50 50 3.50 50 3.50 300 21
Const. of low cost tunnels @
No. 6000 3.00 6000 3.00 6000 3.00 6000 3.00 6000 3.00 6000 3.00 36000 18
Rs.50/-each
Dev. of 10 Panchayats of
each tehsil during kharif/Rabi
with cluster approach through
demon. Maize Wheat
Cropping system in and No. 10 20.00 10 20.00 10 20.00 10 20.00 10 20.00 10 20.00 60 120
outside watershed areas @
2500/- ha (2 lakhs for each
Pyt during Kh & Rb. (40 Ha
each during Kh & Rb)
Compact Demons. of pulses
(5 Ha Kh & 5 Ha Rabi ) @ No. 10 2.50 10 2.50 10 2.50 10 2.50 10 2.50 10 2.50 60 15
Rs 25000 / Pyt
Compact Demons. of
Oilseeds (5 Ha Kh & 5 Ha No. 10 2.50 10 2.50 10 2.50 10 2.50 10 2.50 10 2.50 60 15
Rabi ) @ Rs 25000 / Pyt
Development of Watersheds 12 900
No. 2 150.00 2 150.00 2 150.00 2 150.00 2 150.00 2 150.00
of 500 Ha each
Total 6282 194.90 6282 194.90 6282 194.90 6282 194.90 6282 194.90 6282 194.90 37692 1169.40
73
4.10.5. PROJECT PROPOSAL –V
MANAGEMENT OF SOIL HEALTH AND FERTILITY
The Poonch district has gross cultivated area of 51212 hectares and 51881
holdings. Fertilizer consumption in terms of NPK has increased over the years but still it is
very low comparison to other districts of the state. Indiscriminate use of chemical
fertilizers, especially of urea is very common which will be detrimental to the soil health in
the long run. The additional kg of food grain, production per kg of nutrient applied has
been continuously declining. The soils are showing deficiency of Potash, secondary
nutrients (Sulphur, Calcium, and Magnesium). Balanced fertilizers include judicious use of
chemical fertilizers based on deficient soil nutrients as established by soil testing in
conjunction with other sources of plant nutrients such as organic manures and bio-
fertilizer. The main constraints in promoting balanced use of fertilizers are inadequate and
ill equipped soil testing facilities in the department. Therefore an amount of Rs. 405.60
Lakhs have been proposed for management of soil health and fertility. The different
components of Management of soil health and fertility comprises of following:-
Strengthening of Soil Testing Laboratory (STLS)
It is proposed to upgrade the existed soil testing laboratory at district head quarter
and setting up of new soil testing laboratory at one of the other tehsil at district Poonch.
The labs will be used for periodic analysis of soil with a view to use fertilizer nutrients in
optimum quantities to promote soil test based on judicious use as the farmers use fertilizer
on basis of traditional advice of dealers or general recommendation by experts as per
package of practices which results in use of fertilizer in non-optimal quantities. Moreover,
soil testing is essential for ascertaining chemical composition of soil thereby determining
optimum use of nutrients in the form of fertilizer. Rs, 30.00 lacs ha been proposed for
purchase of glass ware, instruments/ equipments etc. Rs. 10.00 lacs have been proposed for
setting micronutrient analysis facilities through purchase of Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer and its accessories with required chemicals and glassware‟s of standard
quality. 120 soil testing kits have been proposed for field functionaries to analyze pH,
organic carbon, Phosphorus, Potassium, Ammonium Nitrate etc. with financial implication
of Rs. 3.60 Lacs.
74
Lack of soil fertility maps is major hindrance in adopting balanced use of
fertilizers. Rs. 36 lakh will be spent for formulation of soil fertility maps for 120 villages
with financial assistance of Rs. 30,000/- map.
Promotion of use of integrated nutrient management
Promotion of organic manures: Rs. 2000/ha has been proposed for promotion of organic
manures for increasing fertility of Soil, fertilizer use efficiency as depletion of both organic
carbon and plant nutrients have taken place with modern Agri. i.e. use of high
yielding/hybrid varieties and excess use of chemical fertilizers, neglect of FYM, poultry
manure, vermi compost, neem cake etc.
Promotion of soil amendments (Lime/Gypsum in acidic soil/Alkaline/Saline soils:

4000 ha area will be reclaimed @ Rs. 2000/ha i.e. use of soil amendments such as lime and
basic slag in acidic soils and Gypsum and Pyrites in alkali and sodic soils for improving
soil health and crop productivity.
Promotion and distribution of micro nutrients: The widespread deficiency of

micronutrients of Zinc followed by Iron, Manganese, Boron etc. have been observed in
district. It is proposed to distribute micronutrients on 6000 hectare area on 50% cost (Rs.
500/ha) for promoting micronutrients.
Distribution of Potashic fertilizers on 50% subsidy: 26400 Qtls. Of Murate of Potash

(MOP) will be distributed to the farmers on 50% subsidy with financial assistance of Rs.
33.00 lacs during project period as soil have become deficient in Potash. This is major
factor that due to imbalanced fertilization yield of crop has been declining.
75
Table 35: Project proposal for Management of Soil Health & Fertility
Component Unit
Strengthening Soil testing lab./
setting up of additional Soil No. 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 30.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 30
testing lab.
Setting up mobile soil testing lab
by Agri.clinic/ NGOS/ No. 1 30.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 30
Department
Setting up micronutrient
No. 1 10.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 10
facilities
Soil Testing Kits for field
No. 20 0.60 20 0.60 20 0.60 20 0.60 20 0.60 20 0.60 120 3.60
functionaries @ Rs 3000/-/kit
Purchase of Glass ware,
No. 1 30.00 0 0.00 1 30.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 60
instruments equipment etc.
Purchase of chemicals and other
No. 1 15.00 0 0.00 1 15.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 30
items for testing of Soil samples
Preparation of village level Soil
fertility maps @ Rs. 30000/ No. 20 6.00 20 6.00 20 6.00 20 6.00 20 6.00 20 6.00 120 36
village
Preparation & Distribution of
No. 1000 0.50 1000 0.50 1000 0.50 1000 0.50 1000 0.50 1000 0.50 6000 3
soil health cards.
Promotion of organic manures
(green Manuring) with maxi Ha 500 10.00 500 10.00 500 10.00 500 10.00 500 10.00 500 10.00 3000 60
assistance of 2000/ ha.
Promotion of soil amendments
Ha 1000 20.00 500 10.00 1000 20.00 500 10.00 500 10.00 500 10.00 4000 80
Rs.2000/ha
Promotion & distribution of
micro nutrients with max assist Ha 1000 5.00 1000 5.00 1000 5.00 1000 5.00 1000 5.00 1000 5.00 6000 30
of Rs. 500/ha on 50 % subsidy
Distribution of pottashic
Qlts. 4400 5.50 4400 5.50 4400 5.50 4400 5.50 4400 5.50 4400 5.50 26400 33
fertilizers on 50% subsidy.
Total 132.60 37.60 122.60 37.60 37.60 37.60 405.60
76
4.10.6. PROJECT PROPOSAL –VI
PROMOTION OF ORGANIC FARMING
Sustainable agriculture is receiving a lot of attention world over by the farmers,

scientists, administrators and policy makers. Mainly four factors necessitate sustainability
in agriculture. There is fast degradation of natural resources like, soil, water and bio-
diversity, cost of production, deterioration in quality of food and environmental pollution
leading to health hazards. The sustainability of present level of agriculture is at stake. The
role of organic farming has greater linkage with sustainability.
Objectives of the Organic farming
 Scientific updating and utilization of organic farming practices and local wisdom.
 To use location specific, diversified organic farming practices and land use systems
to sustain natural resources, enhance the productivity and farm income.
 To carry out location specific demand driven farmers centric and farmer‟s
participatory activities on organic farming.
 To provide value addition and market linkage for organic products.
 To promote capacity building to organic stakeholders.
 To adopt low cost and Biological approach of farm production.
 To grow products free of contamination.
 In-situ biomass production and conservation strategies.
Poonch district has a lot of potential in context of organic farming, especially for fruit
production. A budget of Rs. 315.00 lakh has been proposed to promote organic farming
and carry out such activities that would led to the adoption of organic farming in the
district on a large area. 120 families will be covered for establishing vermin-compost units
and 6000 farm households will be covered for making compost pit units. 12 vermiculture
hatcheries at departmental and farmers level will be established in 6 tehsils of the district
@ 2 each. In addition, two fruit/ vegetable (Kachra) waste compost units one each at
Haveli and Mendhar tehsil with assistance of Rs. 80.00 lakh will be established. One bio-
fertilizer production unit of Rs.20 lakh will be established at Poonch District Head Quarter
to promote organic conversion.
77
Table 36: Project Proposal for Promotion of Organic Farming

Component Unit
Const. of vermi compost 120 60
No. 20 10.00 20 10.00 20 10.00 20 10.00 20 10.00 20 10.00
unit @ 50,000/- unit
Construction of compost
pits @ (1000/- farmer) for No. 1000 10.00 1000 10.00 1000 10.00 1000 10.00 1000 10.00 1000 10.00 6000 60
two pits
Establishment of vermi
culture hatcheries at No. 2 3.00 2 3.00 2 3.00 2 3.00 2 3.00 2 3.00 12 18
depart. and farmers level
Fruit/Vegetable (kachra) 2 80
No. 1 40.00 0 0.00 1 40.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
waste compost unit
Bio-fertilizer production 1 20
No. 1 20.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
unit
Distribution of
vermicompost for 600 36
No. 100 6.00 100 6.00 100 6.00 100 6.00 100 6.00 100 6.00
popularization @ 6000/-
ha
Distribution of organic 200 20
No 50 5.00 25 2.50 50 5.00 25 2.50 25 2.50 25 2.50
inputs @ 10,000/- unit
Distribution of Bio- 3000 15
No 500 2.50 500 2.50 500 2.50 500 2.50 500 2.50 500 2.50
fertilizer @ 50/-
Publication/Publicity
material for distribution No. 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 6
among farmers
Total 1674 97.50 1647 35.00 1673 77.50 1647 35.00 1647 35.00 1647 35.00 9935 315.00
78
4.10.7. PROJECT PROPOSAL –VII
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (FARMERS FIELD SCHOOL)
To avoid large scale use of chemicals in plant protection, emphasis and thrust has
been given on an integrated approach involving alternative technologies and options
available to keep pest population below economic thrash hold level, use of chemicals as a
last option for pest control.
Broad strategy for integrated pest and disease management (IPM) consist of following:-
 Use of Resistant Varieties / Tolerant to pests/ diseases.
 Cultural practices like summer ploughing and destruction of stubbles/ crop
residues.
 Trimming of bunds, proper preparation and leveling of fields.
 Timely sowing, proper crop geometry, seed treatment, proper soil, water and weed
management, rotation with non host. Crops, harvesting of crop at right stage and
under right conditions and raising trap crops as border/ intercrop.
 Regular monitoring of pest situation viz i.e. their natural enemies (Insects, rodents,
pathogens etc.) weather, cultural and field conditions are essential to observe pests
build up for taking rational decisions .Use of pheromone traps , light traps needs
to be promoted for monitoring pest population.
Mechanical Control:- Collection and destruction of egg masses ,larva, adults, use of light
traps for trapping adults of insects which are attracted towards light, , dragging trenches
around fields.
Biological control practices.
Conservation:-Bio-control agents such as Spiders, Damselflies, Dragonflies, Meadow,
Grasshoppers, Beetles, Cocinellides.
Defender ratio: 2:1 may be useful to avoid application of pesticides.
Need based judicious and safe application of pesticides is the most vital tripartite
segments of chemical control measures under the ambit of IPM. It involves developing
IPM units to play safe with environmentally proper crop health monitoring, observing ETL
and conserving, natural biocontrol agents before deciding in favour of use of chemical
pesticides as last resort.
79
Farmer Field School (FFS)
FFS is a school without walls where major components of Crop Production
Technology are brought to the notice of farmers and extension workers with laying major
emphasis on the principles of growing healthy crops and conservation of general crop
ecology.
The objective of farmers field School is to enlighten the farmers for adopting
various crop production technologies during different stages of crop growth (i.e. Crop
Phenology) from land preparation to harvest with optimal use of different inputs providing
economically sustainable harvest.
Composition of Farmers Field School
FFS should be organized at least in 40 ha. of compact area or adopt whole village
in major crops or 10 ha.in case of Oilseeds, Vegetables & Pulses. This adopted area serves
as Farmers learning school in the selected village.
30 Farmer trainees and 5 extension officer trainees (AEOs and JAEOs) at each
school will meet once a week in & at demonstration site for at least 4 hours for a period of
8-12 weeks or till the maturity of crop. This will make them learn and apply latest/basic
crop production skills enabling them to make informed, confident and field management
decisions.
A Core Training Team (CTT) of 3-5 master trainers shall be wholly responsible for
running these schools. The master trainers can be SMS (DL), SAU scientist and other
specialist available. This core training team shall visit the FFS on the specific day
scheduled in advance.
The details of Farmer‟s Field School are as under:-
Farmers Field School will start at the earliest time i.e. at 9 A.M or depending upon the
farmer trainees whenever they can spare their time conveniently.
 Agro Ecosystem analysis: The core of weekly process, each farmer group
comprising of 5-6 farmers to get their field samples and notes to create a visual
combining key factors such as Plant health, Field conditions, weather and current
crop management treatment.
 Decision making: The output analysis is a field management decision will
thoroughly be discussed both within and across groups.
80
 Special Topics: These topics are linked to crop stage and to specific local
problems. The topics covered include rat control, crop physiology, health and
safety, water/ fertilizer/ pesticides management and economic analysis.
 Group Dynamics: Activities in problem solving, communication leadership and
team building are also conducted weekly to strengthen crop cohesion and maintain
motivation.
 Conclusion Monitoring on going Field Lab Experiments: Each field School
managing the earmarked area of 40 ha shall have a comparison with a local
package. Progress of the field management actions are plotted or compared weekly
in agro ecosystem analysis activity and final yield and economic analysis is done
by the group.
 Yield Analysis: At the end of 8-12 weeks or crop harvest the yield analysis on cost
benefit ratio basis is done and thus the results achieved will show the efficiency of
the farmers field School.
 Organization of farmers‟ field days: All expert members of core training team,
extension Officer Trainees and farmer trainees of different FSSs under one CTT
shall meet on farmer‟s field day to deliberate and review the FSSs as a whole.
The farmers field School approach for IPM demonstration envisages season long
training and motivation for entire farming community in demonstration area is key success
of IPM technology. Assistance of 0.30 lacs per demonstration for conduct of IPM
demonstration and Farmers‟ Field School has been made. The assistance pattern/ norms for
IPM demonstration farmers field School includes IPM kit, sweep nets, cost of pheromone,
seed treatment, IPM literature, working tea for participants and field day etc. 150 Farmers
Field Schools of cereals, 8 of pulses/Oilseeds and 10 of Vegetables with financial
assistance of 50.40 lacs during 12th five year plan (2014-15 to 2016-17) period will be
covered under RKVY.
81
Table 37: Project proposal for Integrated Pest Management
Component Unit
IPM demos,
Farmers Field
School on No. 25 7.50 25 7.50 25 7.50 25 7.50 25 7.50 25 7.50 150 45
cereals @
Rs.0.30 lacs.
IPM Farmers
Field School on
Pulses/ No. 4 1.20 0 0.00 4 1.20 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 8 2.4
Oilseeds @ Rs
0.30 lacs
Farmers Field
School in
No. 5 1.50 0 0.00 5 1.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 10 3
vegetables @
Rs 0.30 lacs
Total 10.20 7.50 10.20 7.50 7.50 7.50 50.40
82
4.10.8. PROJECT PROPOSAL –VIII
AGRICULTURE MECHANIZATION
Farm machinery and implements are indispensable to derive the benefit of costly
inputs like Hybrid seeds, fertilizer and irrigation. The machinery is required right from
proper land preparation, seeding, fertilizer application, spraying insecticides and pesticides,
harvesting, threshing and safe storage.
The level of mechanization has been increasing in the country progressively. The
progress of mechanization in our state is low due to low level of literacy in rural areas, lack
of awareness, poor economic condition, fragmentation and small holdings, leading to
limitation for farm mechanization. The mechanical power is approx 0.1 HP per ha against
4 H.P. per ha in adjoining state of Punjab. Due to low level of mechanization to the desired
level, there is sufficient scope for its up-gradation. It is essential to have technical and area
specific machinery for different operations. To boost the mechanization and improve the
mechanical power in Poonch district following tools and equipments have been proposed.
 Combine Harvesters. - Rotavators.
 Zero till Seed drill. - Seed cum fertilizer drills.
 Conoweeders. - Paddy transplanters
 Paddy threshers. - Seed dressers
 Plant Protection equipment i.e. knapsack sprayer
 Bar Harrow/Peg tooth harrow - Maize Sheller‟s.
 Laser levelers. - Power tillers
 Potato diggers/ Ridgers.
The financial assistance to tune of Rs.258.30 lakhs have been proposed for 1124 large
and small implements and machinery during the project period 2014-15 to 2016-2017.
83
Table 38: Project proposal for Agriculture Mechanization

Component Unit
Combine cum Harvesters on
50% subsidy with maximum No. 1 8.00 0 0.00 1 8.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 16
assistance of Rs.8 lacs/ unit.
Rotavators/ 50% subsidy with
maximum assitance of No. 3 1.20 0 0.00 3 1.20 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 6 2.4
Rs.40000/ unit
Zero till seed drill (50%
subsidy with maximum No. 5 1.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 30 6
assistance of Rs,20000/
Seed Cum fertilizer drills on
50% sub max assistance Rs No. 5 1.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 5 1.00 30 6
20000/-
Conoweeder 50% subsidy with
maximum assistance of No. 200 2.00 100 1.00 200 2.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 800 8
Rs.1000
Paddy transplantors on (50%
subsidy with maximum No. 50 25.00 0 0.00 50 25.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 100 50
assistance of Rs.50000./ unit.
Paddy thrashers 50% subsidy 200 16
No. 100 8.00 0 0.00 100 8.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00
Rs.8000/
Seed dressers on 50% subsidy
with maximum assistance of No. 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 600 6
Rs.1000/ unit
Total 464 47.20 210 4 464 47.20 210 4 210 4 210 4 1768 110.40
84

Component Unit
Plant Protection
Machinery (Knapsack
sprayer on 50% subsidy
No. 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 100 1.00 600 6
with maximum
assistance of
Rs.1000/unit
Bar harrow/Peg tooth
harrow subsidy @ No. 50 4.00 0 0.00 50 4.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 100 8
Rs.8000 / unit
Maize sheller on 50%
subsidy with maximum
No. 500 25.00 250 12.50 500 25.00 250 12.50 250 12.50 250 12.50 2000 100
assistance of Rs. 5000/
unit.
Lazer laveller on 100%
No. 5 15.00 0 0.00 5 15.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 10 30
subsidy
Power tiller 8 HP on
No. 5 1.50 0 0.00 5 1.50 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 10 3
50% subsidy
Potato digger/ Ridger on
No. 0 0.00 3 0.90 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 3 0.9
50% subsidy
Total 660 46.5 353 14.4 660 46.5 350 13.5 350 13.5 350 13.5 2723 147.90
(Total: Rs. 258.30 lakhs)
85
4.10.9. PROJECT PROPOSAL –IX
SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND CAPACITY BUILDING
The Officers/Officials and farmers of district Poonch will be educated regarding
latest technical know-how, integrated development of Agriculture and allied sectors in
and outside the state in different Agriculture Universities/ICAR Institutes of the country.
The farmer‟s awareness Camps will be conducted in each village @ Rs 2500 for 50
farmers/awareness camp of the District to update the knowledge of farmers regarding latest
technology. The literature in local language will also be distributed among the farmers. An
amount of Rs. 114.70 lacs has been proposed during the project period.
86
Table 39: Project proposal for Skill Development and Capacity Building
Component Unit
Farmers tour outside the
No. of 180 31.50
state @ Rs.2500/ farmer 30 5.25 30 5.25 30 5.25 30 5.25 30 5.25 30 5.25
tour for 7 days farmers
Farmers tour within the
state for 7 days @ 1500/- No. 60 6.30 30 3.15 60 6.30 30 3.15 30 3.15 30 3.15 240 25.20
farmer
Training of officers
within the state @ 5000/-
No. 20 1.00 20 1.00 20 1.00 20 1.00 20 1.00 20 1.00 120 6
per officer including
travelling expenses
Training of officers
outside the state @ No. 10 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.00 60 6
10000/- per officer
Women training for 5
No. 50 0.50 50 0.50 50 0.50 50 0.50 50 0.50 50 0.50 300 3
days @ Rs.1000/- trainee.
Farmers awareness
programme at village
level regarding latest agri. No. 60 1.50 60 1.50 60 1.50 60 1.50 60 1.50 60 1.50 360 9
Technology @ 2500/- per
training
Agri. Exhibition @ Rs.2
No. 3 6.00 2 4.00 3 6.00 2 4.00 2 4.00 2 4.00 14 28
lacs each.
Literature Printing 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 6
Total 233 22.55 202 17.40 233 22.55 202 17.40 202 17.40 202 17.40 1274 114.70
87
4.10.10. PROJECT PROPOSAL –X
FORMATION OF SELF HELP GROUPS
The land area available for cultivation is limited and is under the pressure of
population growth. The viability of small and marginal agricultural holdings has always
been a major issue in J&K Agriculture. There are an estimated 1,65,196 lakh land holdings
in the State, out of which 1, 64,103 lakh are in marginal and small category. The average
size of land holding is just 0.2 hectares.
The increased number of small holdings makes it necessary to focus on them as the
future harbingers of change and instructions of growth. Experts in the field have time and
again suggested group farming approach (cluster farming or farmer‟s consortia, etc) to
overcome the constraint of the small size of agricultural holdings. The state must reorient
its agricultural extension strategy to promote „a group farming approach‟ at the Village
level to overcome this problem. In each village groups of farmers numbering :between 10-
20 willing to take-up cultivation of similar crops (or activities like Diversification, poultry
farming, goat rearing, Bee keeping; Mushroom production etc.) needs to be formed and
trained to act as a group in accessing credit technology, inputs and marketing services.
Individuals in the group may adopt the group approach for one or two common crops
grown by them even if each of them cultivates several crops. Thus there could be vegetable
groups, floriculture groups; poultry farmers‟ groups etc. depending upon which activities
in a village can benefit the farmers most by adopting the group approach.
The group approach will enable farmers to access professional/technical services of
consultants as it will be viable for them to pay for such services collectively. Extension
services of the Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Sericulture, etc. can be
provided more easily to groups with common crops or activities instead of addressing
individual farmers separately.
Each farmer‟s group can have a tie-up with a marketing firm through contract
farming or can market their produce on their own by accessing transport, storage, and
packaging services collectively. Farmer‟s groups will be able to designate more literate and
knowledgeable members among them to perform tasks like book keeping and negotiation
of contracts.
88
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana also endorses Special schemes for beneficiaries of
land reforms under which project based assistance will be given in the stream I funds.
Assistance will be available for improving the net minimum income of this category of
beneficiaries. Beneficiaries of land reforms are usually small and marginal farmers.
Making their agriculture viable will be possible only when capital investments on land
development, irrigation, high technology infrastructure in emerging areas such as
floriculture, horticulture, seed production, etc are made. Specific projects for groups of
such beneficiaries can be taken up with provision for common infrastructure. In addition, it
also insists Strengthening of Market Infrastructure and marketing development with
assistance for setting up of cool storages, cool chains, godowns, formation of farmer‟s
S.H.Gs, setting up collection centre etc.
With encouragement and support from the NABARD many financial institutions
are organizing SHG of Women and BPL households to help them avail of micro finance
facilities. The Department of Agriculture Plans to adopt the policy of promoting farmers‟
groups on a large scale in all the villages of Poonch district to obtain for the farmers with
small holdings the benefits of medium and large scale farming. This is likely to
revolutionize agriculture in the District by empowering farmers to access credit,
technology and inputs on more favorable terms and to act strongly in marketing their
produce for obtaining more remunerative prices.
As a suitable incentive for the formation and the operation of farmers‟ group, each
farmer‟s group is proposed to be given an initial working capital/revolving fund/Seed
Money for Rs. 10,000/- subject to their contributing amount of Rs. 10,000 towards the
initial capital. In return, the Department with start distributing its entire subsidy oriented
programmes through these groups.
Budgetary Provision
There are 172 inhabited villages in Poonch district and it is proposed to have 10
groups in each village. If, an amount of Rs. 10,000 per group is provided as seed
money/revolving fund then the budget required would be Rs. 172.00 lacs during the project
period to operationalize the scheme. With this almost all the farm holdings can be brought
into SHGs in next three years w.e.f. 2014-15 to 2016-17.
89
Table 40: Project proposal for Formulation of Self Help Groups (SHG)
Targets for XIITH F.Y. Plan (Fin. in lacs)
S.No Component Unit
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
Self Help
Groups (10
1 groups / No. 38 38 38 38 28 28 34 34 18 18 16 16 172 172
Village) @
Rs 0.10
lac/ SHG
Total 38 38 28 34 18 16 172
90
4.10.11. PROJECT PROPOSAL –XI
STRENGTHENING OF TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM/EXTENSION
SERVICES
The farmers in India and especially in our state are technologically and
qualitatively less equipped to avail the opportunity for competing with the quality
standards and other norms. All advanced agricultural economies are knowledge-based
economies for supporting the farmers through government efforts in extension.
IMPORTANCE
There is a need to gear up the extension services for fulfilling the demands of
credible information at a much faster rate. In this direction the University has to provide
solution to the problems of agriculture and allied fields of the farming community through
continuous research and extension to the rural people of the state. The information, advice
and other services offered by the Transfer of Technology (TOT) systems need to be
tailored to the needs and a aspirations of the farmers.
OBJECTIVES
The transfer of technology will be strengthened through Information
Communication Technology, transfer of latest farming technologies from lab to land most
expeditiously using ICT down up to zonal level through public private partnership by
involving NGOSs, the community based organizations and public organizations. As a
result of effective implementation of the project the yield gap in crop production will
narrow down and will provide the food security to the farm families. Strengthening the
Transfer of Technologies system would supplement and compliment the efforts of the
Development Departments in Technology Transfer which will ultimately push the
agricultural growth.
EXPECTED OUT COME
Strengthening of multidisciplinary teams at district level will support the Village
Knowledge Centres (VKCs). The team would provide technical support. The agriculture
could integrate with other enterprises to support and supplement the system. This could be
possible through the Integrated Farming System Approach, which will increase the
91
sustainable productivity due to complementary and supplementary effects of crop and
livestock production. This in turn would increase per capita income of the farm families as
well as provide the food security and economic security of them.
The proposed budgetary provision of Rs. 150.00 lacs will be utilized towards the basic
technological facilities along with Audio Visual equipments, kiosks, all season weather
forecasting system and museum will be developed. The efforts on establishing
technological back stopping mechanisms will be continued.
System
The proposed system should have necessary and latest infrastructure equipments
like Laptops/computer/simulator/mobile phone and connectivity at Junior Agriculture
Extension Officers, Agriculture Extension Officer, Sub-divisional Agriculture Officer,
District Agriculture Officer and Chief Agriculture Officer level, Agriculture Training
Centers, K.V.Ks, State Agriculture University, Head Office and the secretariat. It needs a
financial investment of Rs. 1200 lacs for project period operationalize the system. Further
annual allocation of grants for regular maintenance would be needed.
Establishment of Village Knowledge Centres
The details of the project, objectives, impact and the road map for implementing
the project is as follows:
Need
The social impacts of ICT are strengthening the rural economy by creating
employment opportunities, revising the tide of rural migration and improving access to
information and knowledge creation of new generation of IT removal of fictional barriers
between government and citizen for effective governance, empowerment of rural poor and
providing necessary infrastructure.
Importance
The National Commission of farmers has recommended the establishment of
Village Knowledge Centres (VKCs) all over the country using modern information and
communication technology (ICT) to ensure the benefits of digital revolution and
knowledge connectivity to 6 lakh Indian villages by 2007. However we cannot meet out
our targets which can only be achieved by mobilizing the power of partnership particularly
between the government, Industry and non-governmental sectors. Thus an effort is being
92
made to provide technological, financial, organizational capacity to the un-reached
farmers. It is proposed to establish VKCs for sustainable growth which provides quality,
timely reliable information to the farmers. This will be achieved through internet
connectivity, video conferencing facility and community radio facilities. The information
services provide by these centers will also include information on government
entitlements, employment opportunities, and weather forecast, health and current market
prices. Rural yellow pages available through on-line and provide various directory
information too.
Objectives:
VKCs will be established to serve the farming community under the technological
guidance support, and sustained assistance of both the Agricultural Universities in the State
with following objectives.
To establish VKCs at RSK level, to connect VKCs to KVKs through expert centers
at district level develop need based location specific digital curriculum development for
effective implementation, capacity building of stakeholders for efficient utility and to
evaluate the benefits derived from VKCs on production productivity and socio economic
status of the farmers:
With the help of interactive video conferencing facilities the technology will reach
many villages through single window delivery mechanism against time and space. It is
proposed to establish 419 VKCs under the programme. The proposed project covers 419
villages. The assistance for technological backstopping will be utilized by using Krishi
Vigyan Kendras (KVKs.)
The proposed budgetary provision of Rs. 100 lakhs will be utilized towards:
Documentation of information on latest production technology. Maintaining required data
base that would be regularly up-dated. Establishing interactive video conferencing from
one to one, one to many, providing market intelligence, weather forecasting and providing
infrastructure facilities.
Agriculture Management information System (AMIS) for Comprehensive
Agriculture Development
Information technology has progressed significantly in recent past but still is not
widely applied in the agricultural domain. Today we required high standards, dynamic
93
approach and firm dependability. This requires a strong supporting information system
right from the grass root level up to the policy making authorities. All the developed
countries and using the information technology for the betterment of the agriculture.
These AMISs should support information about the inputs, package of practices,
information about the markets and the probable changes in the market, as well as new
technologies and also to speed up the reporting process along with maintenance/analysis of
records Therefore, these have to be properly equipped, in terms of training manpower,
infrastructure and integration of technology. A few Committees, which studied the
problems of Karnataka agriculture, have suggested that sufficient investment has to be
made in this direction. By doing so each Panchayat of the state will have full equipped
AMIS Kendra, in turn will have to be backed up with flow of information from GPs and
village level.
Rashtria Krishi Vikas Yojana also endorses on strengthening of infrastructure to
promote Extension Services. This includes new initiatives for skill development and
training in the farming community and to revamp the existing State agricultural extension
systems.
Under RKVY District Comprehensive Agricultural plants (CDAP) are prepared
from grass root (Grama Panchayat) by taking views of Grama Sabha people‟s
representative, local progressive farmers and NGOs. Village-wise data base has to be
developed for Planning, Implementation and Monitoring the process. With this in the
background the department proposes to establish an Agriculture Management Information
System at the Panchayat level which includes a board based single window extension
system under one roof to integrate different agriculture activities. It needs interconnectivity
right from the grass root level to the State level with parallel connectivity to the Krishi
Vignyan Kendras, University of Agriculture Sciences for the dissemination of latest
technology from lab to land. The scientists working in KVKs/Agricultural Research
Stations located in the district will also be part and parcel of the System.
The System will have data base on Agricultural and allied sectors, seed & their
availability, Weather information, Fertilizer supply, Energy support on line. In addition, it
will also have information on Land improvement, implementation and watershed
development, Animal husbandry, dairying and poultry, Fisheries, Social forestry and farm
94
forestry, Minor forest produce, Small-scale industries, including food-processing
industries. Besides taking care of the above aspects, the system will also perform
 Instant monitoring and timely reporting on-line.
 Monitoring of expected yield (Description from the Farmer) and Final Yield.
 Monitoring of channelization of information
 Monitoring of distribution of funds/subsidies
 Directives and announcements.
 Reduction of paper work in the offices
 Information on pests/diseases
 Current Market prices & price forecasting
The proposed system will try to bridge the information gap between the field
functionaries and PRIs /Government and various stake holders of the Agriculture Sector/ It
will be the one stop information centre for both the Government and the Farming
community. It will efficiently use the knowledge of information technology for the
betterment of Farming community.
Target people
The client base is whole lot of people who are directly or indirectly involved with
the agriculture; starting from seed to super market approach.
Cost-Benefit Analysis
The cost incurred in this process will not be much compared to the benefit achieved.
Moreover the system will have a direct and fast communication procedure to attend the
personalized problems and the farmers can have a tailor-made solution rather that the
general solutions. The system will help to reduce the wastage of funds and enable
extension workers to help the farmers to tackle complex situations.
95
Table 41: Project proposal for Strengthening of Transfer Of Technology/Extension System
Component Unit
Establishment of
Agriculture
technology
No. 1 150.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 150
information centre for
Poonch (District Head
Quarter)
Strengthening of
infrastructure/MoE
Software, information
communication No. 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 12 60
technology down to
zonal level (5 lacs)
per unit.
Establishment of
SKUAST J remote
learning centre at No. 20 300.0 20 300.0 20 300.0 20 300.0 20 300.0 20 300.0 120 1800
Panchayat level with
15 lacs per centre
Total 23 460 22 310 22 310 22 310 22 310 22 310 133 2010
96
4.10.12. PROJECT PROPOSAL –XII
INOVATIVE SCHEMES
4.10.12. A. MUSHROOM DEVELOPMENT
Three types of Mushroom i.e. Button, Dingri and Milky Mushroom are grown in
different seasons of the year, thus making it possible to have cultivation of Mushroom
round the year.
Food crops in India suffer from natural calamities but mushroom which are grown
indoors are not prone to these calamities. Mushrooms are rich in proteins, Carbohydrates,
minerals, vitamins has become accessible to common man can be referred as a myco-meat.
Mushroom has low calorie food, their low carbohydrates, fat content also make them ideal
food for fatty person which wish to reduce their weight.
Cultivated mushroom are known to lower plasma lipid/cholesterol level and protect
against development of heart diseases. Agricultural residues can be easily used for their
low cost bioconversion into mushroom, a highly quality protein rich edible food.
Mushroom production per unit area provides more protein than any other crop. To boost
the production of mushroom Compost pasteurization units under controlled conditions,
Canning units and establishment of some spawn production units have been proposed.
500 mushroom trays have been proposed for establishing mushroom units for
unemployed youth. Formulation of self help groups, construction of pacca cemented floor
for composting, establishment of integrated development of mushroom, awareness
programme are some of activities to be taken up during 2014-15 to 2016-17.The financial
assistance to tune of Rs.581 lakh have been proposed under this scheme.
97
Table 42: Project proposal for Mushroom Development
Targets for XIIth F.Y.Plan (Fin in Lacs)
Component Unit Haveli Mandi Mendhar Balakote Mankote Surankote Total
Establishment of
Mushroom
Production units of
100 trays each on
50% subsidy No. 50 15.00 10 3.00 50 15.00 10 3.00 10 3.00 10 3.00 140 42
maximum of
Rs.30000/each fully
equipped with
instruments.
Establishment of
Mushroom
Demonstration cum
No. 1 30.00 0 0.00 1 30.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 60
training centre at
Zonal Hq. Rs. 30
lacs
Integrated
Development of No. 1 100.0 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 100
Mushroom Unit
Establishment of
spawn Production
Centre including No. 1 13.00 0 0.00 1 13.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 26
cost of building
equipment
Compost
No. 1 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 20.00 4 80
pasteurization units
Post Harvest
handling units No. 1 10.00 1 10.00 1 10.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 10.00 4 40
(Canning units)
98
Distribution of
Mushroom Spawn Lac 0.50 5.00 0.25 2.50 0.50 5.00 2.50 0.50 2.50 0.50 2.50 0.50 8.75 14
bottles on 50% Subsidy
Construction of pacca
cemented floor for
composting (20'x20') No. 100 10.00 50 5.00 100 10.00 50 5.00 50 5.00 50 5.00 400 40
on 50% subsidy @ Rs
10000/-
Formulation of self
help groups @ Rs No. 5 0.50 5 0.50 5 0.50 5 0.50 5 0.50 5 0.50 30 3
10000/-
Iron racks for on 50%
No. 50 7.50 20 3.00 20 3.00 20 3.00 20 3.00 20 3.00 150 22.5
subsidy @ Rs 15000/-
Mushroom accessories
kit 50% subsidy @ Rs No. 150 3.00 75 1.50 100 2.00 75 1.50 75 1.50 75 1.50 550 11
2000/-
Establishment of
mushroom 500 trays
No. 25 37.50 20 30.00 20 30.00 10 15.00 10 15.00 10 15.00 95 142.5
for un-employed youth
(1.5 lacs)
Total 251.50 75.50 138.50 28.50 28..50 58.50 581.00
99
4.10.12. B. APICULTURE DEVELOPMENT
Bee keeping has emerged as an important sector for diversification. It not only
provides a nutritious and healthy food in the form of honey and other products but also
improves quality of produce. Apart from direct economic benefits in the form of honey and
bee wax. Bees as a pollinator help to increase yield of major agricultural, horticultural and
forest crops. 85% of crop plants are cross pollinated as crop needs to receive pollen from
other plants of the same species with the help of honey bees. Increase in Yield of various
crops due to pollination by honey bees ranges from 20-100%.
The demand for honey has increased considerably but there is still wide gap
between consumption and production. Beekeeping as a village Industry is of considerable
national importance. The raw material required for this industry is nectar and pollen from
the flowers of different plant species.
Poonch district is very rich in flora and fauna. However the scope of bee-keeping
could not be exploited up to the potential level, so there is great scope for expansion of
this, keeping in view the climatic and other conditions. To increase honey production,
employment generation among unemployed youth and increase yield of cross pollinated
crop, the following activities under the scheme have been proposed.
 Distribution of Beehives, Bee colonies on 50% subsidy for small units.
 (10 beehives/ Be colonies per unit)
 50% subsidy to unemployed youth for setting up apiculture units of 100 beehives/
Bee colonies.
 Integrated development of Beekeeping, honey promotion and processing
 Farmers awareness programme
 The financial assistance to tune of Rs. 495.00 lacs have been proposed for the
project period.
100
Table 43: Project proposal for Apiculture Development
Distribution of
Beehives Bee colonies,
appliances, CF sheet on
No. 100 20.00 100 20.00 100 20.00 100 20.00 100 20.00 100 20.00 8.75 14
50% subsidy Max 10
bee hives @ 20,000/-
unit
Demonstration at Zonal
Level (100 Bee
No. 3 12.00 2 8.00 2 8.00 2 8.00 2 8.00 2 8.00 400 40
hives/Colonies @ 4.00
lacs /unit
50% subsidy to
unemployed youth for
setting up of apiculture No. 30 60.00 20 40.00 20 40.00 20 40.00 20 40.00 20 40.00 30 3
unit of 100 colonies @
2.00 lacs per unit
Formulation of self
help group (SHGS) and
provision of revoling No. 5 0.500 5 0.50 5 0.50 5 0.50 5 0.50 5 0.50 150 22.5
fund @ Rs 10000/- per
group
Integrated development
of bee keeping ,honey
promotion & No. 2 40.00 1 10.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 10.00 550 11
prosessing @ 20.00
lacs per unit
Total No. 132.50 78.50 68.50 68.50 68.50 78.50 495.00
101
4.10. 12. C. AGRO-FORESTRY AND MEDICINAL PLANTATION
Poonch district has a rich tradition and culture of using aromatic and medicinal
plants available locally on a large scale. Some of very renowned hakims are found in the
district which has been engaged in curing diseases through medicinal plants. Agriculture
and Forestry needs to be developed in an integrated way in the form of Farm forestry and
Agro forestry under which crop productivity and fertility of soil along with environmental
up gradation will be achieved. Thus two sectors are ecologically and economically
inseparable, so the farmers may be encouraged to adopt Farm/Agro forestry in wastelands
and around the fields as shelter belts/wind breaks.
Traditional bamboo plantation has been descended which needs to be expanded to
wastelands, bunds to promote production of timber, food, wood, fodder, soil erosion and
vegetable as pickle.1000 ha will be covered with financial assistance of Rs.273.50 lacs
w.e.f. 2014-15 to 2016-17. Four tier system of forestry needs to be encouraged such as
forestry along with nallahs, strip forestry strip plantation along bunds, farm houses, agro
forestry or crop lands etc.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
One of the important thrust area identified under diversification of agriculture is
cultivation of high demand plant spp. Of economic and medicinal importance which could
serve the basic agenda for upliftment of farming community. It increases income level in
agriculture, reduce risks of crop failure, earn foreign exchange, and help in poverty
alleviation, employment generation and environmental conservation. There is need to
establish eco-friendly herbal gardens for high value demand species i.e. Alovera, Harad,
Beheda, Stevia, Safed Musli, Ashwgandha, Lemon grass, Menthol (mint), Vetiver etc. in
waste lands/ community lands/ individual lands.
102
Table 44: Project proposal for Agro Forestry and Medicinal Plantation
Nursery No. 1 3.00 1 3.00 1 3.00 1 3.00 1 3.00 1 3.00 6 18
Field planting (Agro
Forestry, Bio fuel Ha 25 12.50 50 25.00 50 25.00 50 25.00 50 25.00 50 25.00 275 137.5
plantation
Medicinal plants/
Aromatic plants in
Ha 0 0.00 20 20.00 20 20.00 20 20.00 20 20.00 20 20.00 100 100
Waste lands/
community lands
Publication and
No. 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 6
publicity material
Study tour of farmers No. 1 2.00 1 2.00 1 2.00 1 2.00 1 2.00 1 2.00 6 12
Total 18.50 51.00 51.00 51.00 51.00 51.00 273.50
103
4.10.13. PROJECT PROPOSAL –XIII
AGRICULTURE BUSINESS CLUBS & AGRICULTURE CLINICS-NON FARM
ACTIVITIES
It is public private partnership to improve/refine locally available resources and
produce goods that are acceptable nationally. The lack of adequate and remunerative
employment opportunities in rural areas has led to large scale migration from rural areas to
urban areas, as there is slack season between two Agriculture seasons when farming
community remain idle.
Objectives
 To create Centres of rural excellence to spur entrepreneurship
 To reduce dependence on farm sector
 Promote enterprises that continuously generates employment opportunities
 To develop zones of prosperity for rural areas, reduce migration etc.
Six Rural Agriculture Business Clubs have been proposed with financial assistance 120
lacs,
Agriculture Clinics:
12 numbers of Plant Health/Agriculture Clinics for unemployed agriculture
graduates and 6 Departmental Clinics have been proposed with financial assistance of Rs.
180 lacs (Rs.5 lacs per Agriculture clinic for unemployed graduates and Rs. 20 Lacs for
Departmental Clinics) during the project period. The main objectives of providing support
for diagnosis for diseases and assist in quality management. The clinic includes
Computers, pH meter, Conductively Budge, Microscope, seeds tester, BOD incubator
Shaker, centrifuge, Glass ware, Testing kits, lab furniture, Distillation units, provision of
skilled labour, construction of lab. Etc. The total provision under Agriculture Clinic during
project period has been proposed as Rs 312.00 lacs.
104
Table 45: Establishment of Agriculture Business Clubs / Agri Clinics
Estt. of Agri.
Business centres
with incentive of
No. 1 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 6 120
20 lakh each to
promote services/
marketing
Agri clinics of
unemployed
Agriculture No. 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 2 10.00 12 60
graduates (5
lacs each/ clinic)
Departmental
Agri clinics @ 20 No. 1 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 1 20.00 6 120
lacs each
Purchase of load
carriers @ 6.00 No. 1 6.00 0 0.00 1 6.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 12
lakh each
Total 56.00 50.00 56.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 312.00
105
4.10.14. PROJECT PROPOSAL XIV
SOIL CONSERVATION SCHEME
Of all the natural resources, soil and water are most indispensable to mankind. The soil in
conjunction with sunlight, air and water nourishes all plant life, which in turn supports human and
animal life. The history speak that civilization grew on rich soils and thrived on them for a long
time but gradually swindled and eventually vanished when the soil deteriorated and water
resources reduced under the impact of faculty land use practices involving misuse, abuse and over
use of these resources.
The uncontrolled/unchecked run off from higher slopes washes away upper fertile layer
with air. The continuous severe erosion of agriculture and non-agriculture lands has resulted in
deep gullies, widened seasonal nallah and unproductive lands.
The main aim of formulation of soil and water conservation scheme is to conserve
available moisture control run off and arrest soil erosion by adopting various soil and water
conservation techniques and thereby restoring productivity on sustainable basis. The proposed
cost of soil conservation works is estimated at Rs.1302.90 lacs and it shall benefit an area of 7680
Ha.
General Description:-
The proposed scheme area is spread throughout the Poonch district as the whole district is
prone to floods and soil erosion.
Aims and Objectives:
 To ameliorate the problem of water logging caused due to excessive seepage and deep
percolation from uplands.
 To enhance the water use efficiency by recycling the seepage water for irrigation purpose.
 To improve the surface conveyance system (lined field channel) from outlet to farmers
field.
 To arrest the soil erosion (Nallah Bank cutting) and restoration of valuable degraded land.
 To enhance the crop yield per unit area by judicious use of land, water and inputs.
 To boost the economics status of local farmers and national economy as final goal.
 To achieve the goal of reducing yield gaps in important crops, through focused
interventions by way of adopting different soil conservation measures.
106
 To bring about quantifiable changes in the production and productivity of various
components of Agriculture and allied sectors by addressing them in a holistic manner.
SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES

Following soil and water conservation measure are proposed to be adopted.
Construction of Field channels:
In order to improve the water conveyance system, it is proposed to construct lined field
channel in 1000 hectares of area proposed to be irrigated from Check dams. The lined field
channel have lesser initial cost but there are no seepage losses, no damages of breaches consigned
cross section and illuminates large part of cleaning job, thus increase the efficiency of conveyance
system.
Construction of Field Drainage:
For removal of excess water from soil surface and to create conditions for proper growth
of field-crops, field drainage is an important as application of irrigation water to crops. Prolonged
accumulation of stagnant water on the soil surface is detrimental in many ways i.e. delay in field
operations, poor/no aeration of soil, damage to root zone, accumulation of harmful salts etc.
which results in poor crop growth and low crop yield. There may be one or more census for
accumulation of water on soil surface e.g. heavy rainfall in the catchments, excessive irrigation of
cropped fields, low infiltration rates of soil, existence of hard pan in sub soil, uneven topography
and choked natural drainage lines etc. In the first instance, an area of 1000 ha are proposed to be
provided for proper drainage by de-silting / renovation of natural drainage lines and construction
of network of trapezoidal type open surface drains with sufficient cross section and avoid confer
mating herring bone method for safe disposal to excess stagnant of water from cultivated area.
DRSM Check Dam: To enhance the water use efficiency and to create additional source of
irrigation it is proposed to construct DRSM check dams in the drainage lines at predetermined
specific spots to divert drainage water and recycle the same for irrigation of cultivated lands
situated at lower contours.
An addition amount of 50 lacs is proposed each for live hedge cutting, fencing and Pit
plantation. The total amount of project cost will be 497.00 lacs
107
ABSTRACT OF COST
S. Unit
Item of work Unit Physical Financial
No. cost
1 Construction of field channels Ha 18000 1000 180.00
2 Construction of field drain Ha 15000 1000 150.00
3 DRSM check dams Ha 17000 100 17.00
4 Live Hedge cuttings Ha - - 50.00
5 Fencing Ha - - 50.00
6 Pit Plantation Ha - - 50.00
Total 497.00
108
4.11. PROJECTED OUTCOME AND GROWTH RATE DURING THE NEXT PLAN
PERIOD
The Projected outcome of all the proposed projects was discussed along with the projects.
However it is expected that the proposed projects will enhance the growth rate of agriculture and
allied sectors to 4%.
4.12. RESEARCHABLE ISSUES (SKUAST-JAMMU)

The researchable issues pertaining to Poonch district has been discussed during the
formulation of this CDAP and four number of projects were framed as presented below:
10.12.1. PROJECT PROPOSAL-I
1 Title of Proposal: Preparation of Block level plans for Haveli, Mendhar,

Surankote and Mandi Blocks of Poonch District
2 Name of Principal Investigator Pawan Kumar Sharma
Subject Matter Specialist, Agril. Economics
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Poonch, SKUAST-Jammu
3 Institution Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology of Jammu
4 Locations Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch (SKUAST of Jammu),
Qazi Morah, Poonch-185 101, J&K
5 Mailing Address Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch (SKUAST of Jammu),
Qazi Morah, Poonch-185 101, J&K
6 Telephone No. with STD code 01965-221796 (O), 9419192958 (M)
7 Fax No. 01965-221796 (O)
8 E-mail pawanvatsya@gmail.com
9 Co-Principal Investigator 1) Dr. Sanjay Swami, Programme Coordinator, Krishi
Vigyan Kendra-Poonch,
2) Mr. Suraj Parkash, SMS, Agril. Ext. Education Krishi
Vigyan Kendra-Poonch
3) Dr. Sudhakar Dwivedi, Assoc. Professor
Div. of Agril. Econ. & Stat.,
4) Mr. Sudhir Jamwal, Programme Assistant,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch, SKUAST-J
10 Planned duration Three years (2014-15 to 2016-17)
11 Fund Requested
A) Recurring costs 36.43 lakhs
B) Institutional charges @ 10% 3.643 lakhs
of the recurring
C) Non-recurring costs 1.50 lakhs
12 Funds requested under mission 41.573 lakhs
mode – I
109
Activity: Preparation of Block level plans for Haveli, Mendhar, Surankote and Mandi
Blocks of Poonch District of Jammu & Kashmir
Sub-Activity:
1 To conduct the Participatory Rural Appraisal of each panchayat under Haveli, Mendhar,
Surankote and Mandi blocks of Poonch district.
2 To collect primary data on agriculture and allied activities of each panchayat under Haveli
and Mandi blocks of Poonch district through suitable sampling design.
3 To prepare soil maps of each panchayat after testing soil for both macro and micro nutrients.
4 To analyse the data for conducting SWOT analysis of agriculture and allied activities of each
panchayat under Haveli and Mandi blocks of Poonch district.
Introduction and background:

Poonch is located on the southern slopes of Pir Panjal range and as such is rugged with
longitude. It is bounded on the north by Baramulla and Budgam district of Kashmir valley.
Poonch district largely falls under intermediate hill zone of Jammu & Kashmir. It has climate that
varies from sub-tropical to temperate. Poonch district is one of the remotest districts of Jammu
and Kashmir. Recently, the district has undergone change in terms of administrative units set up
under the state machinery. The numbers of tehsils (taluks) has increased from three to six whereas
number of bocks has increased from six to eleven. To make any policy or government scheme
effective, the primary requirement is the availability of basic data regarding those for which such
policy or scheme has to be implemented. Even at present, there is no identified soil mapping at
the panchayat level for the district. There is no data regarding agriculture and allied activities at
panchayat level. Even under RKVY, the data has to collected at panchayat level before
implementation of any plan. So there is a need to gather panchayat level primary data in order to
identify the problems and needs of the farmers. In short if we want to do an effective SWOT
analysis at block level, we first have to collect the primary at panchayat level and then analyse it
for identifying strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of agriculture and allied activities at
block level. Keeping this in mind, the following objectives are proposed under this project:
 To perform Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) at village level in identified panchayats
of each selected block i.e. Haveli, Mendhar, Surankote and Mandi.
110
 To prepare soil maps of each panchayat after testing soil for both macro and micro
nutrients.
 To analyse the data for conducting SWOT analysis of agriculture and allied activities of
each panchayat under Haveli and Mandi blocks of Poonch district.
Targets:
The Block Level Plan is the prerequisite of RKVY scheme and since there is not a single
block in Poonch district for which such plan has been framed till date, it is very important to
collect data at panchayat level and make block level plans for making effective any government
scheme through block centric approach. The emphasis will be laid on the following aspects:
 To have a comprehensive data at panchayat level for each block of Poonch district (in this
case Haveli, Mendhar, Surankote and Mandi blocks) regarding agriculture and allied
activities including cropping pattern and economics of different enterprises.
 To identify shortcomings and need of farmers at panchayat level in agriculture and allied
sectors and make recommendations for fulfilling the same.
 To have well defined soil maps at panchayat level for effective implementation of soil
fertility management programmes.
Expected outcome:
 A precise book on Block Level Plan for each block which will act as a guide for future
government programmes and schemes.
 Identification of farm level changes in light of globalization and changing climatic
conditions.
111
DETAIL OF FACILITIES REQUIRED
Contractual Services (in lakh Rs.):
S. Contractual Rate of Years cost
No. Services payment 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Justification
(per month)
01. SRF 23000/- + 3.31 3.31 3.31 9.93 For assistance in
10% HRA conducting
experiments,
organizing trainings
and preparation of
documents/
reports/manuals.
Other Operational Services (in lakh Rs.):

S. Description of 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Justification
No. items
1. Vehicle (POL) 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 For visits
2. Working 3.00 3.00 3.00 9.00 For inputs conducting
contingencies experiments,
stationary and other
working materials
(including daily
wages etc.)
3. Soil Testing 0.00 2.00 2.00 4.00
4. PRA 1.00 1.00 1.00 3.00 For making
arrangements of
assembly and
refreshment
5. TA 1.00 1.50 1.50 4.00 For traveling
Temperate belt of
Poonch district related
to project
6. Preparation and 0 0 2.00 2.00 To document the
publication of cultivation technique.
Block Level Plan
etc. (several copies
for 4 blocks)
7. Miscellaneous 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 Other requirements
(farm inputs etc.) which may come up
during project work
Total 6.50 9.00 11.00 26.50
112
List of equipment required:
S. Name of equipment Quantity/No. Approx. cost
No. (in lakh Rs.)
01. Laptop with printer etc. One set 1.00
02. Video camera One 0.50
Total 1.50
Budget requirement
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
A Recurring
1. Contractual services 3.31 3.31 3.31 9.93
2. Operational services 6.50 9.00 11.00 26.50
Sub Total of A 9.81 12.31 14.31 36.43
B Non recurring
Equipments 1.50 - - 1.50
C Institutional charges @ 0.981 1.231 1.131 3.643
10 per cent
Grand Total (A+B+C) 12.291 13.541 15.441 41.573
(Rupees Forty one lakhs fifty seven thousand and three hundred only)
113
10.12.2. PROJECT PROPOSAL-II
01. Title of the Proposal Low cost polyhouse propagation techniques in Walnut
(Juglans regia L.) under temperate belt of Poonch district
02. Name of the Principal Dr. Muzafar Mir, Subject Matter Specialist, Horticulture
Investigator (Fruit Science), Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch, SKUAST of
Jammu, Poonch-185 101, J&K
03. Institution Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology of Jammu
04. Location Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch (SKUAST of Jammu),
Qazi Morah,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
05. Mailing address Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch (SKUAST of Jammu),
Qazi Morah,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
06. Telephone/Mobile No. 099068-29716 (M); Tel/Fax: 01965-221796 (O)
07. Fax No. 01965-221796 (O)
08. E-mail drmuzaffarcqar@gmail.com
09. Co-Principal Investigator(s) 1) Dr. Sanjay Swami, Programme Coordinator, Krishi
Vigyan Kendra-Poonch, SKUAST of Jammu, Poonch-185
101, J&K.
2) Dr. Muneeshwar Sharma, SMS-Plant Protection,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch (SKUAST of Jammu),
Poonch-185 101, J&K
3) Dr. Ajay Gupta, SMS-Agronomy, Krishi Vigyan
Kendra-Poonch (SKUAST of Jammu), Poonch-185 101,
J&K
10. Planned duration Three years (2014-15 to 2016-17)
11. Fund requested (lakh Rs.)
(a) Recurring costs 34.43 lakhs
(b) Institutional charges 3.443 lakhs
@ 10% of the recurring 1.75 lakhs
costs
(c) Non-recurring costs
12. Funds requested under 39.623 lakhs
RKVY: 2014-15
114
Sub-activity:
 To conduct experiments for standardization of suitable method and time of grafting
success suited to temperatebelt of Poonch district.
 Mass multiplication and distribution of quality planting material.
 Imparting trainings to the farmers and field functionaries of Poonch district.
Location: KVK-Poonch andPoonch district.
Scientist involved:
(a) Dr. Muzafar Mir, SMS, Horticulture (Fruit Science) (Principal Investigator),
Poonch-185 101, J&K
(b) Dr. Sanjay Swami, Programme Coordinator,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch, SKUAST of Jammu,
Poonch-185 101, J&K.
(c) Dr. Muneeshwar Sharma, SMS-Plant Protection
Poonch-185 101, J&K
(c) Dr. Ajay Gupta, SMS-Agronomy,
Poonch-185 101, J&K

Walnut (Juglans regia) belongs to the family Juglandaceae is the most important temperate
nut crop and has wide adoptability to grow in temperate regions of the world. In India walnut is
the major temperate nut crop and grown in north western Himalayas to north east Himalayas. The
region comprises Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttrakhand and Arunachal Pradesh.
The Jammu and Kashmir is the major walnut producing state The Jammu and Kashmir state.
There are no regular orchards of walnuts in the state as well as in the country because the existing
plantations are generally of seedling origin. The seedling trees attain giant size and start bearing
nuts of variable sizes and shapes after 10-15 years. The walnut is very rich in proteins, fats and
115
minerals and is a concentrated source of energy. It contains various amounts of of B group and is
the richest in vitamin B6 among all the other nuts.
Rationale:
Horticulture is the backbone of J&K state which is comprised of temperate, tropical and
subtropical fruits. Walnut the king of nut fruits is growing in temperate belt of the state with an
area of 71234 ha covered using natural population of walnut produces 99875 mt tones annually,
with the productivity of 1.40 mt ha-1 constituting 84 per cent of the total production of the country
fetched an amount of Rs 125.23 crore from the export. Walnut is commercial crop of Jammu and
Kashmir state and the entire walnut plantation of state comprises seedling origin which besides
having giant sized trees, long juvenile period, having tremendous variability in the size, shape and
shell hardiness as well as having low percentage, color rating and flavor of kernel is great concern
of walnut growers to compete in export market. Whereas vegetatively propagated plants are true-
to-type and produce almost uniform-sized nuts after 3-4 years. They remain within manageable
size. But the major constraint is low success in vegetative propagation. However, to some extent
the commercial walnut growers of Kashmir valley are by and large adopting the new techniques
of propagation and producing quality planting material for increasing both the production and
productivity. In contrast to the Poonch district of Jammu region which has a large potential area
for commercial cultivation of walnut with an area of 8003 ha, but with the low production of
11403 mt?
The reason of low productivity in the district is lack of quality planting material, lack of
standard propagation techniques, irregular planting of seedlings, poor pre and post harvest
management practices to the farmers. Walnuts do not respond favorably to the vegetative
propagation techniques under normal climatic conditions, the way other temperate fruits do due to
some inherent and environmental factors. Infact there is an urgent need for evolving a specific
propagation technique and suitable time in order to achieve a high degree of success, for mass
multiplication of elite genotypes, so that the potential for area expansion in this high value can be
achieved, thereby facilitating increase in production and productivity of superior nuts manifold
and meeting the international standards of quality characters of nut and kernel. There are known
facts since last decade that there is tremendous demand of walnut as the cost varies from rupees
20 to rupees 300 per kg and increasing year after year. The demand for quality planting material is
now increased day by day. So that keeping in view the aforesaid facts, the project is proposed to
116
produce the quality planting material of walnut under low cost polyhouse technique, to identify
suitable time and methods of grafting success, mass multiplication and distribution to the farmers
of the district. As such the following objectives are proposed:
 To identify suitable method and time for grafting success.
 Mass multiplication and distribution of quality planting material.
 Imparting trainings to the farmers and field functionaries of Poonch district.
Targets:
The major problems with respect to crop diversification towards high value nut crop are
the lack of knowledge about cultivation practices. Farmers are unaware with respect to quality
planting material, low cost polyhouse techniques and suitable time and methods of propagation.
Use of seedling origin plants not only impact on yield and quality of the produce but also
adversely affect on earnings. Therefore, trainings to the farmers and field functionaries on low
cost polyhouse techniques, time and method of propagation and production and distribution of
elite genotype will be conducted. The emphasis will be laid on the following aspects:
 To expand the area under commercial walnut cultivation in temperate belt of Poonch
district as:
o As the world‟s most demanded nut crop.
o As a highly foreign exchange crop with low inputs
o As a highly income resource for small land and poor farmers of the region
o Source of elite genotype.
 To provide knowledge about scientific production technique of walnut under low cost
polyhouse for temperate belt of Poonch district.
 To identify suitable time and method of grafting success.
 Production of quality planting material.
 Time and method of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers application.
Expected outcome:
 Awareness among the farmers and field functionaries about highly valuable nut crop
suited for their region.
 Knowledge gain about scientific cultivation technique of walnut to the farmers of
temperate belt of Poonch district.
117
 Scientific knowledge gain about producing of quality planting material of walnut under
low cost polyhouse technique.
 Better income generation and hence, upliftment in the socio-economic status of the
farmers of temperate belt of Poonch district.
 Knowledge gain about scientific methods of propagation techniques to the farmers and
field functionaries.
No. Services payment/ 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Justification
month
For assistance in
conducting
23000/- experiments,
+ organizing
01. SRF 3.31 3.31 3.31 9.93
10% trainings and
HRA preparation of
documents/
reports/manuals.
S. Description of 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Justification
No. items
contingencies experiments, stationary
and other working
materials (including daily
wages etc.)
03. Training, 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 Organizing trainings and
workshops and demonstrations to the
demonstrations farmers and filed
functionaries.
04. TA 1.00 1.50 1.50 4.00 For traveling Temperate
belt of Poonch district
related to project
05. Preparation and 0.25 0.25 0.50 1.00 To document the
manuals/bulletin/
pamphlets etc.
06. Miscellaneous 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 Other requirements which
(farm inputs etc.) may come up during
project work
Total 7.75 8.25 8.50 24.50
118
S. Name of equipment Quantity/No. Approx. cost
No. (in lakh Rs.)
01. Computer with peripherals One set 1.00
including scanner, printer etc.
03. Public address system One set 0.25
Total 1.75
Budget requirement
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
A Recurring
Sub Total of A 11.06 11.56 11.81 34.43
B Non recurring
10 per cent
Grand Total (A+B+C) 13.916 12.716 12.991 39.623
(Rupees Thirty nine lakhs Sixty two thousand and three hundred only)
119
4.12.3. PROJECT PROPOSAL-III
01. Title of the Proposal Standardization of Agro-techniques and
Recommendations on Integrated Nutrient
Management for Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)
under Temperate belt of Poonch district
02. Name of the Principal Dr. Sanjay Swami, Programme Coordinator
Investigator Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch, SKUAST of Jammu,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
03. Institution Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology of Jammu
04. Location Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch (SKUAST of Jammu),
Qazi Morah,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
05. Mailing address Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch (SKUAST of Jammu),
Qazi Morah,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
06. Telephone/Mobile No. 094191-57291 (M); Tel/Fax: 01965-221796 (O)
07. Fax No. 01965-221796 (O)
08. E-mail sanjayswamionline@yahoo.com
09. Co-Principal Investigator(s) (a) Dr. Ajay Gupta, SMS-Agronomy,

Poonch-185 101, J&K
(b) Dr. Muneeshwar Sharma, SMS-Plant Protection,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
(c) Dr. Muzafar Mir,SMS-Horticulture,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
(d) Mr. Pawan Kumar Sharma, SMS, Agril. Economics
Poonch-185 101, J&K
10. Planned duration Three years (2014-15 to 2016-17)
11. Fund requested (lakh Rs.)
(a) Recurring costs 29.93 lakhs
(b) Institutional 2.993 lakhs
charges@10% 1.75 lakhs
(c) Non-recurring costs
12. Funds requested under 34.673 lakhs
RKVY: 2014-15
120
Sub-activity:
 To conduct experiments for standardization of agro-technique for stevia cultivation suited to
 To diagnose integrated nutrient requirements for stevia and making recommendations for
temperate belt of Poonch district to obtain quality produce.
 Imparting trainings to the farmers, field functionaries and NGO‟s to introduce stevia as a
modern herbal crop in temperate belt of Poonch district.
Location: KVK-Poonch andPoonch district.
Scientist involved:
(a) Dr. Sanjay Swami, Programme Coordinator (Principal Investigator),
Poonch-185 101, J&K
(b) Dr. Ajay Gupta, SMS-Agronomy,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
(c) Dr. Muneeshwar Sharma, SMS-Plant Protection,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
(d) Dr. Muzafar Mir,SMS-Horticulture,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
(e) Mr. Pawan Kumar Sharma, SMS, Agril. Economics
Poonch-185 101, J&K
Crops selected: Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Family-Asteraceae
121
India has rich diversity of medicinal plants. The supply base of 90 per cent herbal raw
drug is largely from wild source and this wild source is speedily shrinking day-by-day. Therefore,
there is a need for conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants.
Stevia, botanically known as Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Family-Asteraceae) is a sweet
herb. It is likely to become a major source of high potency sweetener for the growing natural food
market in the future. The increase in the number of diabetic patients and health conscious
individuals would push forward the need for alternatives to sugar. Stevia finds its use as a natural
sweetener, replacing the chemical sweeteners and even table sugar. The sweetness in its leaf is
due to the presence of an intensive-sweetening agent called stevioside, and the leaf by itself is
about 20 to 30 times sweeter than sugar. The leaf has stevioside of 10-12% on dry weight basis.
Experiments have proved that stevioside is 300 times sweeter than sucrose apart from being a
calorie-free sugar. Stevia is the world‟s only all-natural sweetener with zero calories, zero
carbohydrates and a zero glycemic index. These attributes make Stevia a good alternative to sugar
or chemical sweeteners. Hence Stevia has been named as „Calorie Free Bio-Sweetener of High
Quality.‟
Stevia is useful in regulating blood sugar, preventing hypertension, treatment of slain
disorders and prevention of tooth decay. Studies show that it is natural antibacterial and antiviral
agent as well. On top of that, calorie and carbohydrate free and hence a great sweetener choice for
diabetics, and those watching their weight. It is estimated that about 30 million Indians are
presently suffering from diabetes and it is estimated that by 2025 India‟s contribution to the
diabetic global population would be a whopping 80 million. With such a huge share of the
population being diabetic, the new ventures in the food industry are focused entirely on them.
Stevia, therefore, opens up new avenues for crop diversification and a viable alternative to
sugarcane. There is a potential to use Stevia in soft drinks, confectionery and bakery etc. Instead
of sweeteners with known adverse side effects in the long run. Apart from this, Stevia is nutrient
rich, containing substantial amount of Protein, Magnesium, Miocene, Riboflavin, Zinc,
Chromium, Selenium, Calcium and Phosphorus. It can also be used as a house hold sweetener in
preparation of most Indian sweetmeats.
Stevia represents a new opportunity for researchers and farmers alike. The task at hand is
to introduce stevia as a modern herbal crop in J&K and to increase awareness about Stevia both to
122
the consumer and the food manufacturers. A great deal of information relating to its production
practices is required to obtain high yield and quality production. Such basic things like
recommendation on integrated nutrient requirement, irrigation requirement, planting and harvest
times, etc. are all essential. Since markets exist for Stevia now, production and optimization must
occur in parallel. Diversification towards this high value crop can provide adequate income and
employment to the farmers of temperate belt of Poonch district.
Plant nutrition through integrated nutrient supply system plays an important role in
improving the quantity and quality of medicinal crops and thus is essential for successful
cultivation of medicinal plants. It is worthwhile to make the farmers of the region aware regarding
adoption of integrated nutrient management practice. The technical knowledge regarding
integrated nutrient management in stevia is therefore, a must to strengthen the state economy and
uplift the socio-economic status of the farmers in temperate belt of Poonch district.
Rationale:
Agriculture in Jammu province is characterized by small farm holdings. The average farm
size is only 0.05 to 2.49 acres. Small farmers cultivate about 42 per cent of the total cropped area
while the remaining 58 per cent of the total cropped area is cultivated by the medium and large
farmers. The average farming size in terms of net cropped area is 1.41 acres while in terms of
total cropped area, it is 1.71 acres, respectively. Due to diverse agro-climatic conditions in the
province, a large number of agricultural items are produced. Broadly, these can be classified into
two groups – food grains crops and commercial crops. Jammu is having high demand pressure on
limited available crop land, low agricultural production and use of low level agricultural
technology in crop production. The productivity of major cereal crops in this region is very low as
compared to the national productivity. Commercial agriculture not only catered to the domestic
market but has also been one of the major earners of foreign exchange for the state. Crop
diversification is intended to give a wider choice in the production of a variety of crops in a given
area so as to expand production related activities on various crops and also to lessen risk. It is
generally viewed as a shift from traditionally grown less remunerative crops to more remunerative
crops. Therefore, it has been now realized that crop diversification through high value medicinal
crop can provide adequate income and employment.
123
Stevia provides a new opportunity for better income the farmers of temperate belt of
Poonch district as it is likely to become a major source of high potency sweetener for the growing
natural food market.The task at hand is to introduce stevia as a modern herbal crop in the region
and to increase awareness about Stevia both to the consumer and the food manufacturers. A great
deal of information relating to its production practices is required to obtain high yield and quality
production. Such basic things like recommendation on integrated nutrient requirement, irrigation
requirement, planting and harvest times, etc. are all essential. Since markets exist for Stevia now,
production and optimization must occur in parallel. Keeping in view the above mentioned facts,
the project is proposed to introduce stevia as a modern herbal crop, to develop its cultivation
practice, to diagnose and making recommendations on Integrated Nutriment Management and to
impart trainings to the farmers, field functionaries and NGO‟s. As such the following objectives
are proposed:
(1) To standardize agro-technique of stevia cultivation suited to temperate belt of Poonch
district.
(2) To diagnose integrated nutrient requirements for stevia and making recommendations for
temperate belt of Poonch district to obtain quality produce.
(3) Imparting trainings to the farmers, field functionaries and NGO‟s to introduce stevia as a
modern herbal crop in temperate belt of Poonch district.
Targets:
One of the major problems with respect to crop diversification towards high value
medicinal crop is the lack of knowledge about cultivation practice of these crops. They are
unaware with respect to integrated nutrient management practice. Sub-optimal, over-use and
imbalanced use of fertilizers not only impairs yield and quality of the produce but also adversely
affects soil health. Therefore, trainings to the farmers, field functionaries and NGO‟s on agro-
technology to cultivate stevia like time and method of sowing, irrigation requirement,
recommendations regarding integrated nutrient management, harvesting and handling, and its
uses etc. will be conducted. The emphasis will be laid on the following aspects:
 To introduce stevia as a modern herbal crop in temperate belt of Poonch district as:
o As a major source of high potency sweetener for the growing natural food market
124
o As the world‟s only all-natural sweetener with zero calories, zero carbohydrates and a zero
glycemic index and hence a great sweetener choice for diabetics, and those watching their
weight
o As a highly remunerative crop with low inputs
o As a better income resource for poor farmers of the region
o Source of stevia planting material
 To provide knowledge about scientific cultivation technique of stevia for temperate belt of
Poonch district.
 Balanced and judicious use of organic and inorganic plant nutrients sources.
 Integrated plant nutrient supply through organic (like FYM, Vermicompost, etc.) and
inorganic sources to obtain quality produce.
 Time and method of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers application.
Expected outcome:
 Awareness among the farmers, field functionaries and NGO‟s about highly remunerative
Stevia crop suited for their region.
 Knowledge gain about scientific cultivation technique of stevia to the farmers of
 Scientific knowledge gain about Integrated Nutrient Management practice in general, and
for stevia in particular.
 Better income generation and hence, upliftment in the socio-economic status of the
farmers of temperate belt of Poonch district.

No. Services payment 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Justification
(per
month)
01. SRF 23000/- 3.31 3.31 3.31 9.93 For assistance in
+ 10% conductingexperime
HRA nts, organizing
trainings and
preparation of
documents/
reports/manuals.
125
S. No. Description of 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total Justification
items
and other working
materials (including
daily wages etc.)
03. Training, 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 Organizing trainings
workshops and and demonstrations to
demonstrations the farmers, filed
functionaries and
NGO‟s.
04. TA 1.00 1.50 1.50 4.00 For traveling
Temperate belt of
Poonch district related
to project
publication of cultivation technique
manuals/bulletin/ and INM practice
pamphlets etc. developed.
06. Miscellaneous 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 Other requirements
(farm inputs etc.) which may come up
during project work
Total 6.25 6.75 7.00 20.00
126
S. No. Name of equipment Quantity/No. Approx. cost (in lakh Rs.)
01. Computer with peripherals One set 1.00

including scanner, printer etc.
03. Television One 0.25
03. Public address system One set 0.25
Total 2.00
Budget requirement
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
A Recurring
Sub Total of A 9.56 10.06 10.31 29.93
B Non recurring
10 per cent
Grand Total (A+B+C) 13.916 12.716 12.991 34.673
127
4.12.4. PROJECT PROPOSAL-IV
1 Title of Proposal: Promoting Biological control agents through its mass

multiplication and practical demonstration
2 Name of Principal Dr. Muneeshvar Sharma
Investigator Subject Matter Specialist, Pathology
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Poonch
SKUAST-J,
3 Institution Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and
Technology-Jammu
4 Locations Krishi Vigyan Kendra Poonch, Qazi Mohra,

SKUAST- Jammu (J&K)
5 Mailing Address KVK, Qazi Mohra, Poonch – 185 101, J&K
6 Telephone No. with STD 01965-221796 (o)
code:
7 Fax No. 01965-221796
8 E-mail kvkpoonch@gmail.com
9 Co-Principal Investigator 4) Dr. Sanjay Swami, Programme Coordinator, Krishi

Vigyan Kendra-Poonch, SKUAST of Jammu,
5) Dr. Muneeshwar Sharma, SMS-Plant Protection,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch (SKUAST of
Jammu), Poonch-185 101, J&K
6) Dr. Ajay Gupta, SMS-Agronomy, Krishi Vigyan
Kendra-Poonch (SKUAST of Jammu), Poonch-185
101, J&K
10 Planned duration Three years
11 Fund Requested
D) Recurring costs Rs 29.93
E) Institutional charges Rs. 2.993
@ 10% of the
recurring
F) Non-recurring costs Rs. 13.10
12 Funds requested under Rs. 46.023

RKVY
128
Activity: Promoting biological control agents through its mass multiplication and
practical demonstration
Sub- activity:
1 To standardize mass production technology of biological control agent onfarm
yard manure (FYM) and spent compost.
2 To demonstrate mass production and delivery technology of biological control
agent.
3 Training of innovative farmers and transfer of technology
Location:
 Krishi Vigyan Kendra Poonch, SKUAST- Jammu
Scientists Involved:
 Dr. Muneeshvar Sharma (PI)
Subject Matter Specialist, Pathology
 Dr. Sanjay Swami, Programme Coordinator,
Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Poonch, SKUAST of Jammu,
 Dr. Muneeshwar Sharma, SMS-Plant Protection,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
 Dr. Ajay Gupta, SMS-Agronomy,
Poonch-185 101, J&K
129
Introduction and background
Small scale farmers are the bed rock of economic development. Small farmers have poor
infra structure. Plant diseases of economic crops alone cause 13 to 20 percent annual loss in
production. In India more than 50 percent of the crop loss is due to the soil inhibiting micro-
organisms. The major soil borne plant pathogenic fungi viz. Pythium, Phytophthora, Fusarium.
Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium, Scterotinia and Macrophomina playing a major role in root disease
complex in various vegetable and ornamental crops in Jammu division. These pathogens cause
seed decay, damping off, root rot, seedling blight, collar, crown and foot rot and wilt. The disease
is of annual occurrence and causing heavy losses ranging from 10 to 80 percent in each year.
These pathogens are problematic in Jammu division, each having a wide host range. Chemical
control of these pathogens is arduous, uneconomical and not advisable owing to risk of
environmental pollution, death of beneficial flora and evaluation of fungicide resistant pathogen
variants.
In recent years, considerable success have been achieved by use of Trichoderma spp. and
Pseudomonas fluorescens for the management of these soil borne plant pathogens in various
crops. These bioagents are reported to have antifungal, antinematode, plant growth promoting and
plant defense inducing activities. However it has been realized that greatest obstacles to biological
control by introduced antagonists is the lack or scarcity of effective methods for their mass
multiplication and appropriate delivery system particularly to soil environment.
Any antagonist introduced either through seed or root or directly into the soil faces stiff
competition from resident soil microbes; therefore unable to sustain high population in
soil/rhizosphere for a longer period resulting loss of its efficacy against these pathogens. In light
of the above facts, present investigations shall be carried out.
Rationale
The cultivation of various vegetable and ornamental crops to be taken in present
investigation is often limited in Jammu division since last few years due to threat of these soil
borne plant pathogens. For the management of these pathogens chemical control is not advisable
due to ineffectiveness, uneconomical and risk of environmental pollution. In recent years interest
among regulatory authorities, agricultural advisors and growers in alternative methods of plant
disease control has encouraged intensive research of Biocontrol agents. This has resulted in the
commercialization of a number of biocontrol formulations in the Indian market for field trials.
130
However, a major problem encountered in the area of biocontrol is the inconsistencies in the
performance of these products under field conditions. This may be due to the lack of knowledge
related to the ecology of biocontrol agent, poor quality parameters and limited delivery
technology of the currently available biocontrol products resulting poor soil/rhizosphere
colonization in the field and thereby unable to restrict the pathogens which can manage the
disease below the economic injury level.
FYM prepared from cattle dung is the backbone of Indian Agriculture. Presently FYM,
vermicompost and spent compost are being used as a source of nutrition for plants for production
of organic vegetables. The Trichoderma multiplied on these organic substrates introduced in to
the soil shall sustain a high population in soil/rhizosphere environment for a longer duration in the
field resulting restriction /reduction of pathogen inoculum. This will also improve the nutritional
status of the soil consequently better plant growth and yield. The standardize mass production
technology of Trichoderma can be included in IPM strategies and in producing organic
vegetables.
Objectives
 Mass production technology of biological control agents on barnyard millets under in vitro
conditions and farm yard manure (FYM), spent compost in field condition.
 Demonstration of mass production and delivery technology of biological control agents
under farmer‟s field.
 Training of innovative farmers.
 Evaluation of colonized organic substrate against soil-borne diseases and for plant vigor in
various vegetable and ornamental crops.
 Isolation and screening of biological control agents against major soil-borne plant
pathogens in-vitro to select best ones.

Expected Outcome
The envisaged research efforts are expected to:
 Mass production and user-friendly delivery technology of biological control agents for
farmers making use of their compost pits for the management of soil borne plant pathogens in
various vegetable and ornamental crops.
131
 Protection, improves the plant growth and help in developing IDM module and in producing
organic vegetables in the region, which is need of hour.
 Method for rapid decomposition of cattle dung (within one month) and improvement in
nutritional quality of FYM.
 Delivery of biological control agents not only through soil amendment but also as seed, root
dip and foliar application.
 Best technology for multiplication and delivery of biological control agents for plant health
using cheapest and easily available organic substrate.
 Wide acceptability and popularity among farmers including vegetable growers.
 Reduced the indiscriminate use of fungicides in the region.

Services payment Justification

No.
(per 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
month)
For assistance in
conducting
23000/- experiments,
01. SRF + 10% 3.31 3.31 3.31 9.93 organizing trainings
HRA and preparation of
documents/
reports/manuals.
132
List of Equipments
S. Name of No Estimated Total Justification
No equipments Req. unit cost
(Rs in Lakhs)
1 Temperature 01 0.50 0.50 To maintain the required
control unit temperature for micro-organisms in
the laboratory.
2 Data management 01 1.00 1.00 Data analysis & maintenance,
system preparation of reports, literatures
etc
3 BOD Incubator 01 2.00 2.00 For incubation of culture of bio-
control agents and fungal soil
borne pathogens.
4 Digital pH meter 01 0.10 0.10 For measurement of pH of the
substrates, soil etc
5 Digital moisture 01 0.20 0.20 For measurement of moisture of
meter the substrate, soil etc
6 Refrigerator 01 0.20 0.20 For storage of mother culture to
maintain its viability
7. Autoclave 02 020 0.40 For sterilization of media and
substrate used in the experiment.
8. Hot air oven 01 0.50 0.50 For sterilization of glass wares.
9. Nikon microscope 01 8.0 8.0 For identification of

binocular with 10X, microorganisms
40X, 100X
objectives with
photographic
attachment and
display on PC and
Printer 20 mega
pixels.
10. Digital colony 01 .20 .20
counter
Total 13.10
133
S. Description of Justification
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
No. items
and other working
materials (including
daily wages etc.)
03. Training, workshops 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00 Organizing trainings
and demonstrations and demonstrations to
the farmers and filed
functionaries.
04. TA 1.00 1.50 1.50 4.00 For traveling Temperate
belt of Poonch district
related to project
manuals/bulletin/
pamphlets etc.
06. Miscellaneous (farm 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.50 Other requirements
inputs etc.) which may come up
during project work
Total 6.25 6.75 7.00 20.00
Budget requirement
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total

A Recurring
6.25 6.75 7.00 20.00
2. Operational services
Sub Total of A 9.56 10.06 10.31 29.93
B Non recurring
Equipments - 13.10 - 13.10
10 per cent
Grand Total (A+B+C) 10.516 24.166 11.341 46.023
(Rupees Forty six lakhs two thousand and three hundred only)
134
th
Table 46: Project Proposal for District Poonch under 12 Five Year Plan for
(SKUAST-JAMMU)
S. No. Project Proposal Financial requirement for project period
(Rs in lacs)
1 Proposal I 36.073
2 Proposal II 39.623
3 Proposal III 34.673
4 Proposal IV 46.023
Total
156.392
135
Table 47: Financial Summary of Plan Proposals under RKVY for District Poonch for 12th F.
Y. Planunder Agriculture Sector
S. Name of the scheme/programme Financial requirement for project period
No (Rs in lacs)
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
1 Water Resource Development 123.800 247.600 247.600 619.00
2 Demonstration of Improved Crop 43.110 86.220 86.220 215.55
Production Technology
3 Participatory Seed Production 92.050 184.100 184.100 460.25
4 Development of Rainfed Farming 233.880 467.760 467.760 1169.40
5 Management of Soil Health & Fertility 81.120 162.240 162.240 405.60
6 Promotion of Organic Farming 63.000 126.000 126.000 315.00
7 Integrated Pest Management 10.080 20.160 20.160 50.40
8 Agriculture Mechanization 51.660 103.320 103.320 258.30
9 Skill Development & Capacity 22.940 45.880 45.880 114.70
Building
10 Formation of Self Help Groups 34.400 68.800 68.800 172.00
11 Strengthening of Transfer of 402.00 804.00 804.00 2010.00
Technology System/Ext. Services
12 Innovative Schemes
\  Mushroom Development 116.200 232.400 232.400 581.00
 Apiculture Development 99.000 198.000 198.000 495.00
 Agro forestry & Medicinal Plants 54.700 109.400 109.400 273.50
15 Agriculture Business Clinics & 62.400 124.800 124.800 312.00
Agriculture Clinics
16 Soil Conservation Scheme 99.400 198.800 198.800 497.00
17 Research Sector, SKUAST-J 31.278 62.557 62.557 156.392
TOTAL 1621.018 3242.037 3242.037 8105.092
136
CHAPTER V
STREAM-I, SPECIFIC ALLIED SECTOR PROJECTS
5.1. INTRODUCTION
Allied sectors are important and integral part of agriculture sector. The share of allied
sector in total agriculture is on the rise. It is the growth in these sectors which is pushing the total
agricultural growth on upward side. The demand for allied agricultural produces is also increasing
at a much faster rate than the demand for agricultural crops or cereals. These allied sector
activities/ enterprises are integral part of their farming system since long. Farmers are actively
engaged in cultivation of allied enterprises in Poonch district to meet own home requirements for
the market
5.2. HORTICULTURE SECTOR
Horticulture has gained its significance in J&K State due to availability of enormous
potential and varied agro climatic and topographic status for production of diversified fruits. For
development of healthy society in rural as well as urban areas of the State cent percent of the
population finds their dependence on Horticulture produce or its value added products. As such,
Horticulture development is a main stay for overall growth and development of a rural and urban
population of the State.
Horticulture is considered a potential labour intensive sector which provides raw material
for various processing industries. Fruits have now become an important ingredient of the daily
diet both in rural as well as in urban homes. A fruit bowel as a nutritional security with a
combination of wide range of fruits has become daily addition to the dining tables. Added
advantage of being low calorie food has placed the fruits and its value added products in high
esteem of young boys and girls. Horticulture crops add more income per unit area at lower costs
with lesser requirements of water than field crops. Thus shift in emphasis towards diversification
of agriculture, the farmers are taking up cultivation of fruit crops. Reasonably good income from
orchard has sustained the interest of growers and more and more farmers are diverting to
horticulture crops.
BACKGROUND:
Poonch is located on the southern slopes of PirPanjal range and as such is rugged with
longitude. It is bounded on the north by Baramulla and Budgam district of Kashmir valley.
137
Poonch district largely falls under intermediate hill zone of Jammu & Kashmir. It has climate that
varies from sub-tropical to temperate. Therefore the district has the potential to produce a range of
fruits varying from subtropical fruits like guava, citrus, aonla, grapes etc.to temperate fruits like
apple, pear, plum apricot and walnut.
Table 48: Description of Agro-Climatic Zone & Major Agro Ecological Situations
(Based on soil and topography)
S. Agro-climatic Zone Characteristics
No
1 Sub-Tropical Plain area with water logging
(Up to 800 m)
2 Intermediate lower Slopy land with problem of soil
(800 to 1500) erosion
3 Intermediate higher High hills with gully erosion
(Above 1500)
S. No Agro ecological situation Characteristics
1 AES-I Plain topography with thick soil and
canal irrigated
2 AES-II Slopy land with thin soil cover and
rainfed
3 AES-III Thick growth of conifers & deciduous
forests
STATUS:
The District Poonch consists of six Tehsils and 11 C.D. Blocks. The blocks are spread
over 189 panchayats and 178 villages (172 habited & 6 uninhabited). The total geographical area
of the District is 113673 hectares. Poonch district having varied agro-climatic conditions, viz.
subtropical, sub-temperate and temperate has the privilege of producing different kind of fruits of
great commercial value. The area under fruits has increased over years and presently an area of
about 22713 hectares is estimated under fruit cultivation with production of about 16930 MT if
fruit. It is estimated that about 20,000 hectares of land is available for further expansion under
horticulture in Poonch district. The plants planted in different feasible areas of the district include
apple, pear, plum, apricot, walnut in temperate areas, olive, pecannut, peach, apricot in sub-
temperate zones and citrus, Guava in Sub-tropical areas.
138
Table 49: Area/Production of Main Fruit Crops of District Poonch(2010)
S. Item Area Estimated
No. (Hectare) production (MT)
Fresh Fruits
1. Apple 1700 2780
2. Pear 1569 7430
3. Apricot 864 85
4. Peach 595 584
5. Plum 1237 1570
6. Cherry 3 1
7. Grapes 1 1
8. Citrus 330 283
9. Olive 21
10. Other fresh 1445 660
Total 7765 13394
Dry Fruits
11. Walnut 7310 6880
12. Almond 42 1
13. Pecannut 283 5
Total 7635 6886
Grand Total 15400 20280
An opportunity has been provided through the introduction of centrally sponsored

RashatriyaKrishiVikasYojana (RKVY) under National Agriculture Development Plan (NADP) in
the State of J&K for augmentation of integrated development of horticulture by pooling the same
with development activities already under implementation for over all development of the
horticulture sector in this district.
Previously many programmes and schemes have been launched by the State as well as the
Central Governments for the growth of the horticulture sector which included Area development
programmes, Plant protection schemes, Boarder area development programmes and other State as
well as Centrally Sponsored Schemes. There are certain aspects of horticultural works that are
presently being carried out under RKVY scheme in the district. Some of the major Centrally
Sponsored Schemes like Horticulture Technology Mission is now over. So there is a need of
support to carry forward the horticultural development in the district.
WEAKNESSES/CONSTRAINTS:
Although efforts are on boosting quality fruit production/productivity in the district,
yet there are gaps/weaknesses detailed below which need to be filled to raise production and
productivity at least upto national levels.
139
1. Insufficient availability of true to type quality plant material in public and private sectors due
to poor funding.
2. Lack of active participation of farming community in extensive/intensive horticulture
development activities due to possession of small and fragmented land holdings.
3. Lack of Cooperative bodies and Mandies for marketing of horticulture produce from far
flung areas of the district.
4. Lack of processing and preservation units which could be utilized for making value added
products of a major produce of horticulture so that farming community could get
remunerative marketing of their produce.
5. Integrated pest/nutritional management is still lacking in farming community.
6. Awareness about latest advances in organic farming, Bio-fertilizers; composting material is
comparatively in-adequate.
7. Inadequate and irregular funding from State and Central sources.
8. Deficiency of expert field staff/ground workers.
STRENGTHS:
1. Increasing demand of fruit crops in Domestic and International markets
2. Abundance of available farm labour
3. Tested technologies and research support from State Agriculture University Jammu.
4. Enough available potential for increasing area under fruits
OBJECTIVES:
1. To up-lift the socio-economic status of the farming community in particular and other masses
in general.
2. Sustainable increase in production and productivity of all the horticultural crops.
3. To provide opportunities for employment generation through creation of afresh and new
enterprises and strengthening of existing ones.
4. Horizontal and vertical diversification of Horticulture Crops
MAJOR GAPS
1. Low productivity per unit area
2. Higher percentage of cull fruit
3. Non-availability of good quality plant material
4. Weak post-harvest management practice and infrastructure,
140
CONCENTRATIONS:
1. To improve soil and water management
2. To ensure survival of fruit plants in rainfed and dry land areas
Through implementation of RKVY/NADP an integrated, comprehensive, need based

location specific plan can be castled which may give a boost to the efforts to achieve the desired
goals of enhanced productivity, remunerative returns, sustained growth and quality environment.
The projects for District Department of Horticulture Poonch are proposed which shall be
completed during the remaining project period of the XIIth five year plan (2015 to 2017). The
details of the proposed projects are as follows:
SPECIFIC PRIORITIES (FOCUS)

Envisaged plans for sustained growth of fruit industry along with the physical, as well as
financial targets under RKVY for District Poonch are proposed for the remaining part of the XIIth
Plan (2015 to 2017). The plan includes all the basic and major components felt necessary for the
development of Horticulture. However, some urgent and important missing links with forward the
backward linkages, filling the concurrent gaps need focused attention.
Accordingly few projects proposals are earmarked which demand urgent approach to fill
the missing links so that the developmental vehicle catches movement in the District Poonch so
as to be in line with rest of the State by the end of the XIIth Plan.
STREAM- I
S. Project Amount proposed (Rs. in lacs)
No. 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
1. Gap filling & re-plantation of existing
10.000 20.000 20.000 50.00
orchard area
2. Introduction of Kitchen/Nutrition
1.800 3.600 3.600 9.00
Garden
3. Strengthening of Irrigation
38.600 77.200 77.200 193.00
Infrastructure
4. Organic farming and Vermi composting 9.000 18.000 18.000 45.00
5. Farm Mechanization 9.600 19.200 19.200 48.00
6. Infrastructure Development 46.000 92.000 92.000 230.00
7. Supporting departmental level activities 26.080 52.160 52.160 130.40
Total:- 141.080 282.160 282.160 705.40
141
5.2.1. PROJECT PROPOSAL- I
GAP FILLING/RE-PLANTATION IN EXISTING ORCHARDS
After independence the Government of J&K initiated multi-dimensional programmes for

the growth of horticulture industry in the State. All the programmes laid stress on the expansion
of area under fruit crops. Initially huge amount of funds under various schemes were made
available for the expansion of the area, however, the requisite results could not be achieved in
rain-fed, and hilly areas where water is a limiting factor. The efforts of the allied departments
providing irrigation facilities have not been able to match the ground requirements with the result
regular loss of plantation has occurred due to which the efforts of the Department of Horticulture
have not been able to add diversification, intensive fruit production and introduce other modern
horticultural practices.
The District Poonch falls under intermediate climatic region of Jammu Division with
predominant rain-fed agriculture. The focus previously was to distribute plants for wider area
coverage. Currently an area of 22713 hectares is existed under fruit crops. However, the
emergence of commercial orchards is still a dream because of poor marketing infrastructure and
loss of plants due to tough conditions of dry and mountainous soil.
OBJECTIVES
To recover the loss of fruit plants due to natural calamities in the existing orchards;
REASONS:
1. Prevalent drought conditions /dry land horticulture
2. Poor soil status
3. Poor soil and water management practices
4. Traditional farming systems
5. Long gestation periods of horticulture crops
WEAKNESSES:
1. Human and animal interferences
2. Small land holdings
3. Poor access to technology/experts
4. High prevalence of disease and pests
142
STRENGTHS:
1. Existing orchard area
2. Enthusiasm for fruit production among farmers
3. Abundance of farm labour
As such, a plan is proposed and justified for improving the survival in the orchards
established under various schemes. It is proposed that the orchards having 50% survival will be
provided assistance to the tune of Rs.10000.00/ha. (50% of proposed establishment costs).
ASSISTANCE:
The orchards having at least fifty percent survival on ground in the orchards already
established under various plans and which have not been included previously under the survival
benefits as provided in other scheme shall be provided assistance for 50% of the plant material
costs and support for pit digging as incentive. The breakup for such assistance/hectare is given as
under:-
S.No. Component Amount of Assistance(Rs.)
1. Cost of fruit plants (50%) 200 Nos. 4000
2. Land Development & Pit digging @ Rs.10/- 2000
3. Tools & Implements/fertilizers/pesticides 4000
Total 10000
Table 50: Tehsil Wise Project Proposal for Gap Filling of Existing Orchard Area
Area to be
covered
through gap
filling for
improving the
existing
No. 100 10 100 10 100 10 50 0.10 50 0.10 100 10 500 50
position of
already
established
orchard @ Rs.
0.10 lac per
orchard
50
Total Project Cost lacs
Total proposed plan = Rs. 50.00 lacs
143
5.2.2. PROJECT PROPOSAL -II
KITCHEN/NUTRITIONALGARDENING
Kitchen Gardens are so common in human race that a house without kitchen garden is
supposed to be incomplete in any part of the world. Therefore, a planned development in the field
of kitchen gardening will not only improve the nutritional requirement for masses but can also
meet the challenge of adequate food/nutrition supply to the growing population. The limited
cultivable area can be best utilized for growing kitchen gardens which are known to give higher
yields per unit area. The layout of a home garden or kitchen garden will differ from individual to
individual. However, broadly, a city home gardener will follow a very intensive method of
kitchen gardening as compared with that followed by a home gardener in a village.
Keeping in view the largest demand for domestic consumption, the yield in kitchen garden
can be increased manifold by using advanced technology including safer and organic practices
with reduced harmful effects of pesticides, chemical fertilizers and other toxicants. The poor rural
ladies either do not have access to the requisite quality and the quantity of vegetables and fruits
which are main constituents for nutritional insecurity or the cost in local/domestic markets are not
affordable for them. Poor nutrition in the shape of vital food constituents such as minerals,
vitamins, iron, folic acid etc. is the main reason behind poor health conditions in the rural areas. A
plan proposal is added under (RKVY) for encouraging the production/consumption of vegetables
and fruits at domestic levels on small pieces of land (1 kanal = 0.05 ha.) by supplying 20 fruit
plants of different kinds and a vegetable kit for home gardening. It is expected that the
introduction of the scheme at smaller levels will not only increase the fruit and vegetable
production but its consumption at the domestic level which will in the long run generate
motivation among farming community for production of fruit crops on a large scale for the up-
liftment of the socio-economic status as well.
OBJECTIVES:
1. Introduction to provide nutritional security along with the food security to the farming
community;
2. Encourage house wives, unemployed as well under employed people in home gardening
3. Add to the domestic income of the poor farming community
STRENGTHS:
1. Small & fragmented land holdings
144
2. Non-availability of small earning professions in villages
3. Availability of enough domestic waste and farm yard manure
ACTION PLAN
Since the aim of the project is to strengthen the vegetable and fruit growing at
small/domestic level for which a farmer may spare only one kanal (0.05 ha.) of land which is
easily manageable by the house wives and requires very less time energy & costs for
maintenance.
Proposed distribution of the kit
Component Total amount(Rs.)
Plant kit (10 plants @ Rs.20/- plant) 200.00
Tool kits/Plastic Crates etc. 300.00
Total cost 500.00
In order to introduce and popularize the raising of fruits, vegetables and flowers in the
home gardens, it is proposed that 300 number of kits in each block of Poonch District during the
proposed plan period will be distributed as per the following breakup:-
Table 51: Tehsil Wise Project proposal for Boosting Kitchen Gardening
S. Component Tehsil Total Unit Total
No. cost amount

Haveli Mandi Mendhar Balakote Mankote Surankote
(lacs) (lacs)
1. Kitchen 300 300 300 300 300 300 1800 0.005 9.00
Gardening
Kit
Total Project Cost = Rs. 9.00 lacs
145
STRENGTHENING AND MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION RESOURCES
Improvement in water use efficiency is increasingly important strategy for mitigating the
gap between creation and utilization. This is even more relevant in case of irrigation sector since
small improvement in the efficiency can lead to considerable saving of water that can be utilized
for catering to the demand from other sectors.
The strategy for the XIth Five Year Plan recommends a two-pronged approach for ground
water:
(a) Promotion of ground water development in areas having untapped/unutilized potential &
(b) Comprehensive act for regulation of ground water development on sustainable basis.
Severe spatial and temporal variations in rainfall has prompted the creation of storage be
given due priority with the overall plan for water resources development.
Some of the management practices that needs to be taken up in right earnest are:-
 Bridging the gap between irrigation potential created and utilized
 Participatory approach in Irrigation Management (PIM)
 Modernization of irrigation system and performance improvement.
 Benchmarking of irrigation.
 Conjunctive use of surface ground water and
 On farm management by reducing application losses, precision land leveling and irrigation
scheduling/deficit irrigation.
OBJECTIVES
a. To utilize the lesser water resources mainly during dry season through modern micro
irrigation technique.
b. To increase the cropping intensity by increasing the water use efficiency.
c. To increase the socio-economic status of farming community of the state by availing the
suitable micro-irrigation facility.
a) CONSTRUCTION OF WATER HARVESTING/COMMUNITY TANKS

Most of the area in the District is un-irrigated/rain-fed, and traditional food crops are
cultivated without any permanent source of irrigation. The raising of Horticulture crops on
irrigated lands in the District is uncommon. Therefore, there is vast potential for Horticultural
146
crops which can survive even with rain water, but in order to improve the survival of fruit plants
and to improve the productivity of fruits and its quality, the use of water in Horticulture has
become imperative. It is therefore, envisaged to create critical irrigational facilities in the orchards
to ward off the effects of drought like situation in future and in order to keep the present orchards
commercially viable which may further help to continue the programme for further expansion of
area under new orchards.
Accordingly suitable water sources are proposed to be created in the orchards. It is
proposed to construct 18 number of water storage tanks in the identified areas for which
assistance @ Rs.666/ per cubic meter will be provided to orchardists for construction of tanks of
different dimensions as per the ground requirement & feasibility. Stress shall be given for
construction of water storage tanks on community basis. However ground water is exploitable the
financial assistance for digging deep bore wells @ Rs.1.00 lac per ha. The Tehsil-wise break-up
for creation of water sources is given below:
Table 52: Construction of Water Harvesting/Community Tanks
No. of water Proposed No. of
Proposed Total
tanks amount Deep bore
provision amount
Tehsil proposed @ well 100ft
(Rs. In lacs) (Rs. Lacs)
(150 M3 ) Rs.666/M3 deep
Haveli 3 3 3 3 6.00
Mandi 3 3 3 3 6.00
Mendhar 3 3 3 3 6.00
Balakote 3 3 3 3 6.00
Mankote 3 3 3 3 6.00
Surankote 3 3 3 3 6.00
Total 18 18 18 18 36.00
b) SHALLOW WELLS/DUG WELLS

In the areas where water table is quite high the orchardists will be provided facility to use
the water for the maintenance of the orchards by digging shallow tube wells. Assistance for
shallow bore wells @ Rs.0.50 lacs will be provided. Shallow bore wells can be set-up either by
the individual farmer or by the community & 48 numbers of wells shall be provided to the
farmers as under:
147
Table 53: Project proposal for Shallow/Wells/Dug wells
S. Tehsil No. of shallowbore well/Dug well Proposed provision
No. proposed (Rs. In lacs)
1 Haveli 8 4.00
2 Mandi 8 4.00
3 Mendhar 8 4.00
4 Balakote 8 4.00
5 Mankote 8 4.00
6 Surankote 8 4.00
Total 48 24.00
d) WATER HARVESTING PONDS

Water conservation is a problem in rainfed areas of Poonch district. It is not that sufficient
water is not available in the areas but it is the poor conservation which creates water scarcity in
these areas. The water runoff in absence of sufficient check dams, storage ponds does not add to
underground resources of water as well. As such, it is proposed, that small 8m × 8m × 1.5m size
sunken ponds will be encouraged in the rainfed areas at the cost of Rs.30,000/ pond which will be
polythene lined so that the water conserved for a short period is either used for the orchards and
will help soil water recharge.
Table 54: Project proposal for Water Harvesting Ponds
S. Tehsil Physical Targets Financial Total
No. (Nos.) (Rs. Lacs)
1 Haveli 5 5 5
2 Mandi 5 5 5
3 Mendhar 5 5 5
4 Balakote 5 5 5
5 Mankote 5 5 5
6 Surankote 5 5 5
Total 30 30 30
d) CHECK DAMS:
There are many small and large natural drains in hilly areas through which the rain water
run-off takes place by constructing small check dams at the feasible sites with available command
areas of a minimum of one hectare area. The command area will be utilized for growing fruit
crops and vegetables with assured irrigation.
148
Table 55: Project proposal for Check Dams
S. Tehsil Physical Targets Financial Total
No. (Nos.) (Rs. Lacs)
1 Haveli 10 10 60
2 Mandi 10 10 60
3 Mendhar 10 10 60
4 Balakote 10 10 60
5 Mankote 10 10 60
6 Surankote 10 10 60
Total 60 60 60
e) DRIP IRRIGATION
Drip/Micro irrigation is a technology for providing irrigation to plants through network of
pipes. It helps for supplying water directly to the root zone of the plant.
The term “Drip / Micro Irrigation” includes emitting water by drippers, micro sprinklers,
mini sprinklers, micro jets, misters, fan jets, micro sprayers foggers, emitting pipes, micro tubes
and similar other emitting pipes. The use of different components depends upon the requirement,
which may vary due to crop type, water needs, plant spacing, soil type etc. All types of surface
and subsurface irrigation systems are covered under Drip/ Micro irrigation Technology.The
assistance under the scheme is available for all types of micro irrigation systems. The assistance
will cover all farmers growing horticultural crops i.e. fruits, vegetables and medicinal and
aromatic plants. The scheme will cover all farmers irrespective of the size of land holding. The
scheme should be taken up on compact area basis. The assistance for drip irrigation will be
Rs.0.50 lacs per ha. It is proposed to cover an area of 56 hectares under this component with
financial involvement of Rs.28.00 lacs.
f) SPRINKLER IRRIGATION:
Sprinkler irrigation enables water to be sprinkled with the help of a network of pipes and
sprinklers (nozzles) on the plant foliage. Sprinkler irrigation system has become popular as a
method of irrigation under undulating topography particularly for light textured soils for a variety
149
of crops. Sprinkler system is ideally suitable for close spaced crops like vegetables, floriculture
and strawberry cultivation in the Horticulture sector.
The pattern of assistance would be subject to a maximum ceiling of Rs.0.50 lacs/- per
hectare for Small, Marginal, SC, ST and women farmers.It is proposed to cover an area of 30
hectares under this component with financial involvement of Rs. 15.00 lacs.
Table 56: Project proposal for Sprinkler Irrigation

S. Tehsil Drip Proposed Sprinkler Proposed Total amount
No. Irrigation provision Irrigation provision (Rs. Lacs)
System in lacs Systems (Rs. In lacs)
(No/Ha)
1 Haveli 10 5.00 5 2.50 7.50
2 Mandi 10 5.00 5 2.50 7.50
3 Mendhar 10 5.00 5 2.50 7.50
4 Balakote 8 4.00 5 2.50 6.50
5 Mankote 8 4.00 5 2.50 6.50
6 Surankote 10 5.00 5 2.50 7.50
Total 56 28.00 30 15.00 43.00
Total proposed plan = Rs.193.00 lacs
150
ORGANIC FARMING
Organic matter plays a vital role in farming. Historical evidence has shown that mankind
realized importance of organic manure some four thousand year ago. „Varahmir‟ in his “Brahad-
Samhita” describes how to choose manures for different crops and methods of manuring. These
methods were popular in eastern countries like India, China and Japan.
A) ORGANIC FARMING:
The organic farming is a crop production system respecting the rules of nature. In organic
farming, the farm is viewed as holistic unit biologically complete, balanced, living and dynamic
which is ecologically stable and sustainable. The objective in organic farming is to achieve a
sustainable farming system that preserves the environment and soil fertility for our future
generations. It has now been recognized that “traditional agriculture” is a repository of several
indigenous practices in respect of nutrients management and plant protection measures. There is,
therefore an increasing emphasis on promotion of organic farming through the use of crop
residues, crop rotation management, use of vermicompost, green manuring and adopting
ecologically sound plant protection measures.
Organic farming has not lost its relevance in spite of abundant use of expensive
agricultural chemicals. It is possible to increase production by keeping up the soil biologically
alive. Hence, organic farming should be adopted to attain all-round development. Moreover, the
chemical fertilizers imported, particularly, phosphatic (DAP) and Potash i.e. (MOP), from
outside the country, are costly and there is a gap between demand and supply which can only be
bridged through organic means. A blend of proteinacious (Dung/all green plant materials) and
carbonaceous (dry grasses, bhusa, maize stalks, jowar and bajra etc.) is suitable for compost
making. The amount of cow dung should constitute 25% of the composting material.
B) VERMICULTURE TECHNOLOGY:
Vermiculture means artificial raring or cultivation of worms/earthworms and technology
is the scientific process of using them for the betterment of human beings. Vermicastor
vermicompost is the excreta of earthworms, which is rich in humus. Harnessing earthworms as
versatile natural bioreactors is vermiculture. The process of composting organic wastes through
151
domesticated earthworms under controlled conditions is vermicomposting. Earthworms have
tremendous potential ability to decompose all bio-degradable materials such as crop residues,
weeds, paper, kitchen waste, cardboard, coconut fiber etc. Wastes subjected to earthworm
consumption decomposed 2-5 times faster than in conventional composting. The worm
excrement (castings) is used as a bio-fertilizer. Depending on the feeding, excreting & breeding
potentialities of earthworms, there is 40-60% volume reduction in organic waste. These are fast
growing, voracious feeders & prolific breeders. Earthworms feed about 4-5 times their own body
weight, thus, one kg of worms decompose approximately 4-5 kg of organic wastes in 24 hours.
OBJECTIVES:
a. To promote organic farming in horticulture
b. To improve soil and water conservation under dry land conditions.
c. To improve soil health by addition to organic humus
ADVANTAGES:
 Enhances soil formation and mineralization and hence creating potential benefits for
plant growth
 Increase in crop yield and quality and thereby promotion of organic culture.
POTENTIAL BENEFITS:
 Helps in reduction of noxious qualities of a wide variety of organic waste i.e, elimination
of smell, reduction of harmful micro-organisms, decreases bulk density and greater ease
of physical handling
 Helps in production of marketable organic fertilizer.
 Helps in protein production for live-stock feed or even human food from organic waste.
An assistance to a maximum of Rs.50000/- will be provided for establishment of vermi-
compost units. The vermi-compost unit should have concrete structure of 30 feet length, 8 feet
breadth and 2 ½ feet height. The unit should be covered by a raised roof. Roof could be erected
on local material covered with sheets/asbestos or local material. The vermicompost unit could be
divided into twelve rows of 2 ½ feet each. The alternate row could be filled by the compost
material and inoculated by the organism. It is not necessary to erect wall to divide the compost
unit into rows. It is proposed that 30 Nos. Vermi-compost units shall be constructed in the
district during the year
152
ECONOMICS:
The average cost of vermicompost is Rs.600/- per quintal and considering the available
nutrient contents and 65% use efficiency, the cost per kg comes out to be Rs.37/-, whereas the
estimated per kg cost for chemical fertilizers is Rs.49/- for urea, Rs.76 for D.A.P. Rs.109/- for
SSP and Rs.205/- for CAN. This clearly indicates that chemical fertilizers are far more expensive
than vermicompost. Subsequent use of vermicompost has been found to provide 20-30% more
nutrients, which reduces the quantity of vermicompost to be used in the field over long durations.
ACTION PLAN:
a) It is proposed that an area of 300 Ha. i.e. 100 ha. per year will be covered under organic
farming in the District with the assistance @ Rs.0.10 lacs per ha. for supply, application,
education and popularization of the organic farming among the beneficiaries who have raised
their orchards in rainfed areas where sheet erosion is a regular soil depleting factor resulting in
poor survival/production of not only fruit crops but also other intercrops grown in orchards.
b) Accordingly 10 No. of Vermicompost units per year during the proposed plan period i.e.
2009-10 to 2011-12 will be established in the four blocks of the District. The unit cost
proposed for the each vermicompost unit is Rs.0.50 lacs, thus amounting to Rs.15.00 lacs as
total cost of the project proposal.
Table 57: Tehsil-Wise Project Proposal for Organic Fruit Production

S. Programme/ Unit Block Total Unit Total
No. Component Haveli Mandi Mendhar Balakote Mankote Surankote Cost Amt.(Lacs)
1. Adoption of Organic
Farming @ Rs.0.10 Ha.
50 50 50 50 50 50 300 0.10 30.00
lacs per Ha. for
utilization of organic
manures for fruit
cultivation/production
2. Establishment of
Vermicompost Units No.
5 5 5 5 5 5 30 0.50 15.00
for production of
vermicompost
Total:- 45.00
153
5.2.5. PROJECT PROPOSAL-V
FARM MECHANISATION
Farm mechanization ensures timelines of operation and proper utilization of inputs

resulting in considerable increase in productivity from limited cultivable lands and water
resources on sustainable basis. The popularization of Agri-based implements is to improve the
efficiency and reduce the physical working load of the farming community in general and
orchard community in particular, is the prime objective of this component. The proposed activity
will not only help to maintain the orchard at low cost but will also save the time and extra labour
as well. In order to benefit the farming community, it is proposed to provide the
tools/implements and machinery suitable for hills as envisaged in the guidelines.
OBJECTIVES:
a. Increase fruit production and productivity at reduced cost of operation;
b. Make fruit cultivation less laborious.
c. To create new interest and increase the popularity of using improved implements and
machineries.
Table 58: Tehsil-Wise Project Proposal for Farm Mechanisation

Popularization of Farm Machinery

Manual operated
equipments @ No. 60 2.40 60 2.40 60 2.40 60 2.40 60 2.40 60 2.40 360 14.40
0.04
Power operated
equipments @ No. 3 0.60 3 0.60 3 0.60 3 0.60 3 0.60 3 0.60 18 3.60
0.20
Garden
Tractor/Power
No.
2 3.00 2 3.00 2 3.00 2 3.00 2 3.00 2 3.00 12 18.00
Tiller @ 1.50
Irrigation Pump
Sets @ 0.20
No. 10 2.00 10 2.00 10 2.00 10 2.00 10 2.00 10 2.00 60 12.00
Total 75 8 75 8 75 8 75 8 75 8 75 8 450 48.00
154
5.2.6. PROJECT PROPOSAL-VI
INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT AT DISRICT LEVEL
INNOVATIVE SCHEMES:
Poonch district is one of the remotest districts of Jammu & Kashmir. The district now has
6 numbers of tehsils and 11 number of development bocks spread over 178 numbers of villages.
The district lacks basic infrastructure which is necessary for the overall development of
horticultural industry. Therefore, there is an urgent need of development of essential services to
meet the basic requirements of farming community as such, the infrastructure suggested is as
under:-
Table 59: Tehsil-Wise Project Proposal for Horticulture Infrastructural development at

District Level
S Proposed projects Unit Unit Physical Financial
No. Cost Targets Targets
(Rs. lacs)
1 Establishment of Horticulture Technology No. 50.00 1 50.00
Information facilities at District Headquarter
2 Strengthening of infrastructure to promote No. 5.00 2 10.00
extension/M&E software information
communication tech. down to block levels
3 Infrastructure Development for fruit/vegetable No. 50.00 2 100.00
processing facilityUnit
4 Establishment of Soil & Leaf Analysis N0. 50.00 1 50.00
Laboratory
5 Plant Protection Van No. 10.0 1 10.0
6 Agri-clinics No. 5.00 2 10.00
Total 230.00
155
5.2.7. PROJECT PROPOSAL-VII
SUPPORTING DEPARTMENTAL LEVEL ACTIVITIES
The department of Horticulture, Poonch is actively and successfully engaged in
expansion of area under horticultural crops in the district. The department has five nurseries
under its control which are spread over an area of five hectares. The nurseries need regular
maintenance and up-gradation from time to time. An amount of 2 lakh is proposed for the XIIth
plan for up-gradation of each departmental nursery. There are 3 departmental nurseries which are
without fencing, so an amount of 120 lakhs is proposed for channeling and fencing of 3
departmental nurseries in the plan period. The awareness of the farmers through demonstrations,
trainings and tour programmes will further improve the horticultural practices in the district. The
detail of all these activities is presented as below:-
Table 60: Project Proposal for Horticulture Departmental Activities
S Proposed Unit Unit Physical Financial Targets
No. Projects Cost Targets (Rs. lacs)
1 Improvement of departmental No. 2.00 5 10.00
nurseries for accreditation
2 Channeling and Fencing of No. 40.00 3 120.00
departmental nurseries
Total 130.00
Expected Outcome
Horticulture is a labour intensive and better alternative under rainfed conditions of
farming. It has enough potential of employment generation both in pre and post harvesting
phases, consumes less water than farm crops, is more remunerative and has long lasting and far
more beneficial effects on soil, water and air. A bowl of fruits has become an important
constituent for nutritional security along-with the food security especially in hilly, backward and
rural areas. In Poonch district which is having three types of agro-climatic zones and more than
80% area under rain-fed, growing of fruit crops both on intensive and extensive lines is a
guaranteed approach for change in socio-economic status of the poor farming community. The
increasing demands of fruits in domestic as well international markets has also added advantage
of both horizontal and vertical diversification of fruit industry for which District Poonch has
enough potential.
156
5. 3. SERICULTURE SECTOR
Sericulture is an important subsidiary occupation of farmers of Poonch district.
Sericulture development department is providing subsidiary occupation to about 425 numbers of
silkworm rearing families in the district generating a good amount of income by sale of cocoons.
Since mulberry leaf is the only food material for rearing of silkworms so the propagation
of a considerable no. of mulberry saplings is the prime commitment of the department. Stress is
being given on conducting of mulberry plantation on vacant state land and through farmers in
their private land holdings.As per the latest data (2010-11), there are 5 nurseriesoperating in the
district over an area of 157.11 kanals. There are 204380 plants raised in these nurseries, out of
which 94980 plants were issued for plantation.The quantity of seed production was 540 ozs and
the quantity of cocoon production was14172.75 kgs.Therefore, there is a good scope of
conducting mulberry plantation, keeping in view the favourable climate of the Poonch district
which ultimately will help in production of silk cocoons. Mulberry plants being deep rooted
plants checks soil erosion and maintains ecological balance.
5.3.1. PROJECT PROPOSALS UNDER RKVY OF SERICULTURE SECTOR
Sericulture is an Agro-based industry and provides subsidiary occupation to about
425silkworm rearing families of the district. The main activity of the department is raising
mulberry plants in departmental nurseries which are further supplied/distributed among the
interested farmers for plantation in their land holding. Secondly the department distributes
silkworms among the Silkworm rearers after its incubation in departmentally established centers.
There are 5 nurseries operating in the district over an area of 157.11 kanals. There are
204380 plants raised in these nurseries, out of which 94980 plants were issued for plantation.
The quantity of seed production was 540 ozs and the quantity of cocoon production was
14172.75 kgs.
Brief write up of the activities to be taken up in XIIth Plan period
Raising/maintenance of mulberry saplings can be achieved by providing the sufficient
inputs and increasing the cultural operations.
1. Cluster plantation through farmers
During the period of 3 years, 100000 plants shall be getting planted through farmers
incurring an amount of Rs.11.66lacs.
157
2. Providing of irrigation facility
A bore-well for providing ensured irrigation facility at mulberry farm can be able to cater
the requirement of plant material in large area. An expenditure in this context shall be to the
extent of Rs.3.50 lacs.
3. Departmental Plantation on state land
Departmental plantation have been proposed to be got planted on state land in existing
mulberry farms of the department and 100000 no‟s of plants shall be got planted with a
proposed expenditure of Rs.7.00 lacs.
4. Distribution of disinfection material
It has been proposed to distributed the disinfection material like bleaching powder
chlorine dioxide, sericholore and Seritech and Vijata and RKO to the silkworm rearers free of
cost, for which an amount of 1.35lacs is expected to be required for the purpose for
conduction the disinfection of the silkworm rearers house it has been proposed to compel the
job by engaging hired labour, increasing an expenditure of 0.14lacs in the entire district for
conducting pre and post rearing disinfection to avoid any loss to the silkworm rearers.
5. Engagement of Muster rearers for effective supervision:
In view of shortage of field staff, the effective supervision of the Rearer houses become
difficult. This difficulty can be overcome by engaging the Muster rearers for supervision for
which an expenditure of 0.27 lac shall be required.
6. Construction of community Chawki rearing centre:
The construction and equipping of 2 No‟s of Chawki rearing centers have been proposed to be
raised in district Poonch for which Rs. 14.00 lacs shall be required.
7. Providing Rearing Kit:
It has been proposed to provide Rearing kit to 30 No‟s of Rearers for modernizing the
produce of field rearing and to achieve better results of it for which an amount of Rs.6.00 lacs
shall be required.
8. Providing of Rearing Shed:
It has been proposed to provide 30 No‟s of Silkworm Rearing sheds forPoonch district,
the Rearing house which will cater the immediately need of the needy and house less
community of silkworm rearers for better results for which an amount of Rs.30.00 lacs shall
be required.
158
Awareness of the farmers is essential, and has been proposed to be undertaken for over
all development of the scheme for which Rs.7.20lacs are required.
Expected outcome
The proposed plan of Sericulture sector for the year 2015, 2016 and 2017 has been
projected to the tune of Rs. 73.14 Lacs. By adoption of the projected scheme, the production of
cocoon is expected to go up and the productivity shall increase 50 Kg/ozs of Silk Worm Seed,
registering 60% growth in the next three years with remunerative returns to the farmers.
Table 61: Project Proposal Sericulture Development

Phy. Fin.
Schemes Unit cost
In No. Rs. in lacs
Improvement of Mulberry Wealth
Mulberry cluster plantation through farmers for a
@ Rs.11.66/plant 100000 11.66
cluster plantation of 300 plants/beneficiary
Providing of irrigation faculty to Deptt., mulberry
nursery by digging bore-wells including the cost of @3.50 lacs 1 3.50
motor and pump-shed
Mulberry cluster plantation on state land Rs.7/= per plant 100000 7.00
Supply of dis-infectants @ Rs. 150/= per farmer. 450 0.675
Supply of disease control chemicals @ Rs.150/=
450 0.675
per farmer
Manpower required for dis-infection of rearer
45 0.14
houses @ 10 houses per head per day
Engagement of muster Rearer for affective
supervision of rearing in farmer houses @ 30 Rs.2800/= each 270 0.27
houses per muster Rearer for 40 days rearing.
Construction of community Chawki rearing centre
Construction of building= 6 lacs and Cost of Rs.7.00 lacs 2 14.00
equipment=1.00 lacs
Providing of rearing kit to the silkworm rearers
i.e. rearing trays, Iron stands, plastic moulded Rs.20,000 30 6.00
crates etc.,
Providing of assistance for construction of rearing
Rs.1.00 lacs 30 30.00
houses by the Silkworm rearers.
Study tour of progressive farmer out-side the
state in Sericulture advance states Karnataka for
10 days two trips a year @ 30 farmers/trip and Rs. 0.60 lacs 90 5.40
Rs.6,000 / farmer. Including boarding lodging and
transportation
Grand Total 79.32
159
5. 4. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SECTOR
Poonch district has a very good scope in the livestock sector. Almost every household
rears one or other type of livestock. The status of livestock in Poonch district is given as:
Table 62: Production and Productivity of Livestock in Poonch district

Category Population Production Productivity
Cattle
Crossbred 69445 16425 MT (Milk) --
Indigenous 137491 16525 MT (Milk) --
Buffalo 203336 50850 MT (Milk) --
Poultry
Hens 349894 245 Lakh eggs
Desi 250870 100 Lakh eggs
Improved 99024 135 Lakh eggs
There is a requirement to uplift the animal husbandry sector in Poonch district by filling
the gaps and loopholes that are existed in its development. For this, five projects worth Rs.
315.90 have been proposed for the 12th plan, the detail of which is given here under:-
5.4.1. PROJECT PROPOSAL-I

RENOVATION AND MODERNIZATION OF POULTRY DEM CENTER
POONCH
At present only one Poultry institution is functioning in the entire District Poonch which
is in very poor condition as far as its building and other infrastructures are concerned. The
building needs renovations and infrastructures and equipments are to be modernized. It is
proposed that an amount of Rs.20 lacs for renovation and reconstruction of the sheds/Building
and Rs.2lacs for purchase of equipments Machinery etc. be earmarked on annual basis.The Years
wise Phasing of the Project is as under:
160
Table 63: Project Proposal for Renovation and Modernization of Poultry Dem Center
Poonch
S. Components Financial Targets (in Lacs)
No 1st Year 2ndYears 3rdYear Total
(2014-15) (2015-16) (2016-17)
1. Renovation and 20.00 20.00 20.00 60.00
construction of
sheds/building
2. Purchase of 2.00 2.00 2.00 6.00
equipment
and machinery
Total 22.00 22.00 22.00 66.00
5.4.2. PROJECT PROPOSAL-II

SUPPLY OF BALANCED CATTLE FEED ON 50% SUBSIDY
There are 206936 cattle and 203336 buffaloes at present in the Poonch district with the
average milk production of per day of 227.12 MT. Genetically the crossbred animals have traits
of high milk production but due to poor feedingand malnutrition,full potential of animalshave not
being exploited. These Animals are mainly reared on green fodder of poor quality.Concentrate
of standard quality are rarely offered during the prime lactation period. To get maximum
production from these animals, the feeding standard have to be improved by supplementation by
the balanced cattle feed in adequate quantity.
It is proposed ro provide Mineral -Mixture free of cost to live stock rearer for 3500 Nos
cross bred cows and upgraded buffaloes per year in all 06blocks (2001)of the District whose
production of milk is less than 5 litre/day are to be supplemented to enhance the milk yield and
reproductive health. The Mineral-Mixture will be provided @ 12 kg per annum per animal.
1styear = 3000 (500 crossbred cow and upgraded buffaloes x 6 blocks)
2ndyear = 3000 (500 crossbred cow and upgraded buffaloes x 6 blocks)
rd
3 year = 3000 (500 crossbred cow and upgraded buffaloes x 6 blocks)
Total Animals to be covered in three years = 9000
Financial Implication for three years = Rs. 9000 × 260 = Rs. 23.40 Lacs
161
PROJECT FOR THE BREEDING OF HORSES/MULES
For the breeding of mares in the District at least two number of Purebred horse Stallions
and two donkey stallions can be stationed at each of the places like Poonch, Surankote and
Mendhar.The project reports for all these three tehsils will be same as under:-
Project Report
1. Fixed capital or Non recurring expenditures
(A) Animals
Cost of two purebred horse stallions and two donkey stallions
Each costing Rs.1.50 Lacs including transport charges =Rs. 6.00lacs
(B) Buildings
(i)Shed = 20‟x15‟=300sqft.
(ii)Office = 15‟x12‟=180sqft
(iii)Store Cum Equipment room = 20‟x15‟=300sqft
Total Building area =780sqft
Construction cost @ Rs.700/-per sqft. = Rs.5.46 lacsIncluding all
fittings
(C) Equipments
(i) Cost of Buckets,chains,Ropes,Shawals,weighing balance
Reins,Chaff cutter etc. = Rs.0.5lacs
(ii) Construction of a hand pump and water tank = Rs.0.5lacs
(iii) Generator set and electric fittings = Rs. 1lac
(iv) Miscellaneous articles = Rs.0.5lacs
Total Fixed capital investment = Rs.14lacs
2. Recurring Exp.
(i)Annual feed charges @ Rs.120per head per day = Rs.1.75 lacs
(ii) Insurance charges @ 5% = Rs.0.3lacs
(iii) Labour charges @ Rs.6000/-per month = Rs.0.72 lacs
(iv)Mics. Charges @ Rs.4000/- per month say = Rs.0.50 lacs
Total Recurring Exp. Say Rs. 3.20lacs = Rs.3.27 lacs
Total Annual Expenditure for 1st year = Rs.17.20lacs
In subsequent years the exp.will be Rs.3.2 lacs per Annum
Total Cost /Expenditure for three years = Rs.23.60 lacs
Total Cost or expenditure of the project for all three tehsils
(Poonch, Surankote and Mendhar) will be = Rs.70.80 lacs.
162
ESTABLISHMENT OF BACK YARD POULTRY UNITS
Poultry back yard units can be established in all the blocks of the district.It is proposed
that each unit shell comprise of 10 birds in age group of 45-60 days and each bird cost to Rs.
42/.Five units shall be established in each village of the district at 50% subsidy.
Name of Block No. of inhabited Villages
(2001)
Poonch 38.00
Mandi 38.00
Surankote 28.00
Mendhar 34.00
Balakote 18.00
Bufliaz 16.00
Total 172.00
Table 64: Project proposal for Backyard Poultry Units

S.No Components Poonch Mandi Surankote Mendhar Balakote Bufliaz
1 No.of Villages 38 38 28 34 18 16
2 No.of Units + 190 + 10 190 + 10 140 + 10 170 + 10 90 + 10 80 + 10
Moratlitycompen. = 200 = 200 = 150 = 180 = 100 = 90
3 No.of Birds 2000 2000 1500 1800 1000 900
4 Cost of Birds @ Rs. 84000 Rs. 84000 Rs. 63000 Rs. 75600 Rs Rs. 37800
Rs. 42/- 42000
5 Transportation Rs. 20000 Rs. 20000 Rs. 20000 Rs. 20000 Rs. Rs. 20000
charges 20000
6 Medicine charges Rs. 8000 Rs. 8000 Rs. 7000 Rs. 8000 Rs. 6000 Rs. 5000
7 Total of 4+5+6 Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs.
Rs. 90000 Rs. 62800
112000 112000 103600 68000
8 Subsidy Rs.
Rs. 56000 Rs. 56000 Rs. 45000 Rs. 51800 Rs. 31400
Components 34000
9 Cost to be Paid Rs. 280 Rs. 280 Rs. 300/- Rs. Rs. 340/- Rs.
by beneficiary 287.78/- 348.89/-
per unit
10 Subsidy Rs.1.68 Rs. 1.68 Rs. 1.35 Rs. 1.554 Rs. 1.02 Rs. 0.942
components
for three years in
lacs
Total of all Blocks = Rs. 8.30 Lacs
163
5.4.5. PROJECT PROPOSAL-V
NATIONAL MISSION FOR PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT (NMPS)
S. Components Physical Targets & Financial Targets in Lacs
st
No (No. of animals) 1 Year 2ndYears 3rdYear Total
(2014-15) (2015-16) (2016-17)
Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.
(No.) (No.) (No.)
1. Establishment of Dairy Units 0.00 0.00 100 12.50 100 12.50 200 25.00
2. Provision of Chelated 0.00 0.00 1000 8.40 1000 8.40 2000 16.80
mineral mixture, vitamin A,
E & D3 and Anthelmintic
dosing to pre-parturient cross
bred cows in advanced
pregnancy
3.A Genetic upgradation of 0.00 0.00 1000 14.80 1000 14.80 2000 29.60
indigenous cattle in
uncovered areas through A.I.
by providing incentives for
A.I. and nutitional
requirement during
pregnancy
3.B. Provision of feed to the 0.00 0.00 - 10.00 - 10.00 - 20.00
pregnant indigenous bovines
for meeting the requirement
of backlog of 2014-15
(previous years)
4. Provision of dairy 0.00 0.00 100 10.00 100 10.00 200 20.00
equipments and mastitis kit
for cross bred bovines
Total 0.00 0.00 2200 55.70 2200 55.70 4400 111.40
164
5.4.6. PROJECT PROPOSAL-VI
DEMONSTRATIONS& EDUCATIONAL TOUR OF FARMERS
Twenty farmers of three blocks eachviz;Poonch, Mendharand Surankote every year and
10 farmers each from block Mandi, Balakote and Bufliaz shall be invited and taken to out of
state tours to the modern dairy and Poultry farms for their motivation. Similarly Demonstrations
of dairy and poultry farming shall be organized at the block level. It is proposed that an amount
of Rs. 3.00lacs each for Poonch, Mendharand Surankoteblocks and Rs 1.50 lacs for Mandi,
Balakote and Bufliazblocks be earmarked annual to conduct such Demonstrations and
educational tours .
The detail of Project is as under:
Table 65: Project Proposal for Demonstrations and Educational Tours of Farmers
Name of Year wise targets Financial targets
The Block (No. of Beneficiaries) (in Lacs)
st
I 2nd 3rd Total Ist 2 nd
3rd Total
year year year year year year
Poonch 20 20 20 60 3.00 3.00 3.00 9.00
Mandi 10 10 10 30 1.50 1.50 1.50 4.50
Surankote 20 20 20 60 1.50 1.50 1.50 4.50
Mendhar 20 20 20 60 3.00 3.00 3.00 9.00
Balakote 10 10 10 30 1.50 1.50 1.50 4.50
Bufliaz 10 10 10 30 1.50 1.50 1.50 4.50
Total 90 90 90 270 12.00 12.00 12.00 36.00
Expected outcome
With the implementation of all the proposed projects in the district, the overall milk yield
will increase by more than 10% annually, which will improve the financial condition of the
farmers. The breeding of cattle, horses and mules will get a boost and quality animals shall be
produced, getting the needy medicines in plenty. The awareness of the farmers through
demonstrations, trainings and tour programmes will further improve the general animal
husbandry practices. The proposals have also been put forth to establish dairy and poultry units
on subsidy for the unemployed youth of the district. The poultry backyard units will also enhance
the income generation of the poor families and will lift the standards of their nutrition.
Under RKVY, it is expected to achieve a growth of around 20-25 % in production sector
with better nutrition, health coverage and improvement in the progenies of the animals.
165
5. 5. SHEEP HUSBANDRY SECTOR
Introduction
Poonch District is ideally suited for sheep andgoat rearing owing to its topography &
agro-climatic conditions and a host of other natural endowments. About 60% of rural population
is directly or indirectly benefited from Sheep Husbandry. The Small Ruminants rearing is the
Prime mean of livelihood of the Nomads Gujjer, Bakerwal and Gaddi communities. The
smalland marginal farmers of plain belt also rear sheep and goats in whole of plain belt mainly
for Mutton production sheep are being crossed with Hissar Dale, Rambi×Nali×Sonali crosses.
For the migratory sheep flocks owned by the nomads‟ emphasis have been laid on introducing
the dual type sheep which have the traits for producing the good quality wool and faircarcass
quality for mutton production beside fine wool breeds. The Rambouillet & Merino crosses
procured from govt. owned sheep breeding farms have been introduced in to this area. The
quality Rams are provided to the sheep owners free of cost for the breeding purpose. At present
70% to 80% of sheep population have been brought under the ambit of cross-breeding for fine
wool production and are at varying level of up gradation.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
1 Primary objective of organization is to increase production of mutton and wool,
qualitatively and quantitatively by adopting a multi-pronged strategy under Sheep and Wool
Development Programme including implementation of cross breeding programme.
2 Providing prophylactic and curative health care facilities to breeder‟s stock, achieving
higher levels.
3 Promotion of scientific management of breeding practices and investigation and control of
livestock diseases.
4 To provide self employment opportunities for small and marginal farmers, Landless
labourers, unemployed youth and women by providing breeding Live-Stock for
establishment of Mini Sheep Farms to augment their income, thus raising the socio-
economic status of sheep breeders.
CONSTRAINTS AND BOTTLENECKS
 Inadequate technical Staff
 Lack of mobility facilities for proper monitoring of various field activities and
Programmes
166
 Inadequate funding for medicines and vaccines
 Lack of Departmental accommodation for Housing Sheep Ext, Center and basic amenities
at the centers i.e. Deepfreezes for vaccine sera etc., Almiras for proper upkeep of records,
Medicines racks, table instruments and sterilizers
 Lack of livestock sheds for housing stud rams for conducting /monitoring dosing,
vaccination etc& storage of feed & fodder.
The status of sheep husbandry in Poonch district of Jammu & Kashmir is shown as
below:
Category Population Production
Sheep
Crossbred 180964
Mutton 21.478 lakh kg
Indigenous 102007
Wool 5.327 lakh kg
Goats 175200
Total No. of Sheep 43
Extension centres
Mobile sheep centres 04
PROPOSED STRATEGY
5.5.1. Provision of Adequate Funds for Medicine /Vaccine
There is a need for provision of adequate funds for medicine /vaccine for providing health
coverage to present 4lac of Sheep & Goat population in the Poonch district. An amount of Rs.
120 lac is required for procurement of medicine and vaccine for providing health coverage to
present 4 lac of sheep & goat population @ Rs 30/- per animal. The complete health coverage
given to the livestock would benefit the farmers in the following manners.
1 Decrease in mortality rate by 5% in adult Sheep & 10 to 15% in lambs & kids
2 Increase in mutton production by 1000 qt. out of adult stock valuing to Rs. 15 lac.
3 Saving of 15000 lambs & kids each costing Rs. 1000 i.e. Rs 150 lac.
4 Increase wool Production by 100 qt. valuing Rs. 5 lac out of livestock which would have
been saved.
5 Increase in wool production by minimum 10% of the survived animals i.e. 30 Qtls costing
Rs. 1.2 lac due to early growth & maturity.
167
6 Increase in mutton production by minimum 10% of the survived animals i.e. 1000 Qtls
costing Rs. 150 lac due to early growth & maturity.
7 The total benefits to the sheep farmers for one financial year as per the present live stock
position would have been increased many fold provide the budget was made available as
proposed.
5.5.2. Provision of Adequate Techincal Staff
Presently there are 43 Sheep Ext, Centre &4 Mobile center functioning in the
organization for providing Veterinaryhealth coverage to approximate 4 lac Sheep & Goat which
are quite insufficient.
For every 2000 animals at least onecentre is required therefore 200centres are required
for full coverage of sheep& goat population. Soatleast 50numbers of more Sheep centres are
required for catering the need of the Sheep & Goat rearers of District These Sheep extension
centers will establish link between the Department and the breeders with a view to implementing
various developmental programmes and extension activities in the field. Sheep Extension
Centers serve as a single, system for providing breeding cover to private sheep and goat flocks,
and prophylactic and curative animal health, promotion of scientific management of breeding
practices and host. 36 trained Stock Assistants&72 Assistants Stockman preferably from rural
backward are required for attending the livestock properly.
For every Block, one number of Veterinary Assistant Surgeon is required for
Technical Control of the block.
BENEFITS OF PROVISION OF ADEQUATE TECHNICAL STAFF
1 Improved Health Coverage to the Livestock.
2 Regular visits for examination of livestock
3 Better Tech. guidance on various aspects of management and modern practices of livestock
rearing and other technical expertise to Sheep farmers as & when required.
4 Full Coverage of the uncovered area where sheep and goat population exits.
5.5.3. Provision of Special Funds for Emergencies / Exigencies for Sheep Rearers
The proposed welfare scheme includes:-
I. Financial Assistanceto the Sheep breeders to meet up their urgencies pertaining to their
family on loan basis with zero % interest for a period of 1-3 years returnable in easy
installments equivalent to 50% value of total livestock.
168
II. Financial Assistance during the natural calamities and disease out break i.e. 50% of total
loss on the pattern of Fruit growers in the valley.
III. Financial Assistance during slump in the market (i.e. low rates of wool, hide, hair, meat)
as support value on the pattern of fruit growers in Kashmir valley.
5.5.4. Provision of Employment Generation
Machine shearing Training Programme
Aims and Objectives:-
1 To popularize machine shearing in Sheep by increasing coverage.
2 To obtain longer fiber length wool by clean /close shearing.
3 To increase wool yield and revenue benefits for breeders.
4 To save time, man power & avoid wounds to Sheep during hand shearing.
5 To train unemployed youth of Sheep rearing communities for starting their own income
generation units
Training Venue
At selected places where the concentration of Sheep flocks is more in each sheep block
during shearing season. All the youth of the District from all block shall be considered for
training
Purchase of Shearing Machines
Purchase of portable shearing machines is main component along with sparesand
generator set, the later is needed in absence of electricity or low/erratic voltage supply which is
common feature in rural area. Purchase of 6 portable shearing machine one at each block at the
cost of Rs. 1.50 lac accessories costing Rs. 2.25 lac & a generator set costing Rs. 0.25 lacs each.
The total funds required for 6 machines along with accessories & generator becomes Rs. 24 lac
Supervision and Monitoring of Shearing Machine /Training
The machine requires regular supervision/maintenance by greasing, oiling, cleaning to
keep it ready and fit so a contingency expenditure is incurred on account of:-
i. POL including cost of M.Oil, Diesel etc.
ii. O.E including servicing, cleaning and washing etc.
iii. M&S including carriage/loading etc. of machine while taking them to flocks.
iv. Traveling and Daily allowance for Deptt. Shearers for imparting training i @ Rs .200
per day.
169
Remuneration
The training of shearing is very hard and difficult job needing physical power. The said
training will be imparted by retired shearers & shearers in service as well. A group of 24 youths
each in spring and autumn shearing season shall receive training at selected place. Each trainee
especially from gaddi, Gujjars, Bakerwal, chopan or any other community interested or
connected with sheep rearing shall be paid Rs. 3000/ per month on contract basis as and when
required by the department twice in a year for a period of three months. The youth Shearer after
successful training and gaining experience shall be allowed to conduct shearing through deptt.
shearing machines provided to him on Loan basis during Shearing season for private Livestock
He can charge Rs. 10 per Sheep from the breeder/farmer as shearing charges. He will be issued a
certificate /license of shearing after 3 months of shearing training /experience gained by him.
In all 12 youths will be trained in two shearing seasons and in three years,36 youths will
get training in shearing in District Under the scheme of the project,6 youths from each block of
the District in first phase. A youth will shear4500 Sheep in a year he will earn Rs. 0.45 lac per
year after completion of training. The cost of electricity /POL for Generatorshallbe borne by the
breeder himself for shearing his sheep in his village
After popularizing of machine Shearing by above training more number of youths shall
be trained by the deptt. by trained youth Shearer in all block till almost every breeder will have
its own trained Shearer, the portable machine shall be made available to them in coming years
either on loan basis or permanently on subsidized costs etc.
To attract youths in this profession an amount of Rs. 1500/- per month shall be paid for a
period of 9 months in each year for a period of atleast 2 years to those who fulfill the minimum
criteria of shearing fixed by the department. As for 3 months during the 1styear he shall be a
trainee & shall get Rs. 3000/- per month & during the 2ndyear he may conduct private shearing or
act as instructor and earn his livelihood.
5.5.5. Scheme for Mini Sheep Farms
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
1. To generate self employment for rural youths
2. To increase the sheep& goat population to meet the demand of mutton especially in
Kashmir Division
3. To ensure regular supply of mutton
170
4. To make aware of poor rural youths, women to earn livelihood with minimum
investment
5. To decrease the mortality and morbidity among Sheep & goat by adopting
scientific/modern lines
6. To provide better market facilities
COST OF THE SCHEME

S. No Particulars Amount
1 Fixed Cost ( lacs)
A Shed (Night shelter) 0.30 lacs
B Equipment 0.03 lacs
C Livestock:-
1 Breedable Ewes 25 @ Rs. 8000 per ewe 2.0 lacs
2 Breeding Ram 2 @ Rs. 5000 each 0.1 lacs
Total 2.43 lacs
2. Financial Assistance
To attract the youth and women towards the scheme the financial Assistance shall be paid
to them on the following pattern:-
A. 1st year Rs. 0.10 lacs per month 1.20 lacs
nd
B. 2 year Rs. 0.05 lacs per month 0.60 lacs
C. 3rd year Rs 0.025 lacs per month 0.30 lacs
Total 2.10 lacs/
G.Total: 2.43+ 2.10 4.53 lacs
The total for the wholescheme in the district is to the tune of Rs.217.44lacs for 8 youths
from 6 blocks.
* The scheme shall be open to all youths and women of any cost without qualification bar.
*No grazing land/any other assistance shall be provided by deptt. except Tech. guidance and
subsidy on veterinary health cover as per the departmental norms
171
Table 66: Block Wise Physical and Financial proposal for Sheep Units
Haveli Mandi Surankote Balakote Bufliaz Surankote Total
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phys Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
8 36.24 8 36.24 8 36.24 8 36.24 8 36.24 8 36.24 48 217.44
lac lac lac lac lac lac
For District the cost involved for implementation of Mini sheep Farms comes to Rs.217.44lacs.
5.5.6. Scheme for Revolving Fund

1. Aim and objectives
A. To provide immediate emergency financial assistance to the sheep &goat farmer during
natural calamities and drought for purchase of feed and fodder etc and to meet up the
immediate demand. Financial assistance shall also be provided from revolving fund
during outbreaks of diseases.
B. An amount of Rs 1.0 lacs shall be kept as revolving fund in each block.
C. Repayment of fund- No interest will be charged from the Sheep and Goat Farmers but the
amount of fund has to be paid in full within one year from the date of its sanction and
payment.
5.5.7. Provision of Shed for Live Stock /Feed and Fodder
1. Cost of Live Stock for Housing Stud Rams and private livestock for providing mass dosing /
vaccination and conducting other sheep and goats operation. Each Shed costs Rs 3.0 lacs and
two such sheds are required in each block.So for 6 blocks 12 Sheds are required.Cost of 12
Sheds = 36.0 lacs
2. Cost of Storage of feed and fodder shed two in each block costing 3 lacs
Cost of12 Storage Sheds= 36.0 lacs.
Total cost of both type of Sheds in 6 blocks = 72.00 lacs
5.5.8. Provision of Mobility Facilities for Field Functionaries for Better Monitoring
There is lot of uncovered area where the veterinary health cover facilities for the sheep
and goats are not available due to the shortage of the tech staff and proper mobility facilities.
These facilities can be augmented in the following manner:-
172
S. No. Name of Item Quantity required Cost
(Lacs)
1. Mobile Van for providing vetyheath coverage at the One for each block 7.0
door step of the sheep farmer
2. Motor Cycle for Supervisory staff. to examine the One for each block 0.80
flock on routine basis
Total 7.80
For six blocks: 7.80 × 6 46.80
This is one time assistance/expenditure and requires replacement only after 15 years
5.5.9. Provision for Infrastructure

A Accommodation for housing SEC three in each Block at the cost of Rs. 8 to 10 lacs
for each SEC in a phased manner over a period of three years.
* For 6 Blocks = 168lacs
B For improvement of infrastructure One deep freezer for storage of

Vaccines and sera three in each block at the cost of Rs, 3 lacs
C Furniture/ Medicines racks etc three sets for each Block at the cost of Rs, 3.0 lacs
Total Cost involved for each Block = 34lacs
Total cost involved for four Blocks = 204 lacs
5.5.10. Provision for Improved Germ Plasm

1. Rams Purchase- From with In the Country / State
As per the department estimates improved germ plasm is required for crossbreds and
there is a shortfall of 300 Rams
Financial Implication
The approximate cost of one Rams to be purchased for distribution is Rs 5000/-. The
Rams will be purchased in a phased manner. In first phase 180 rams would be purchased.
*Total Funds required for 180 Rams = 15.00lacs
173
2. Ram Purchase- From Out Side the Country
Twenty improved progeny tested Rams to be imported in the second year of the schemeto
discourage inbreeding of the livestock and to replace the old already imported Germ Plasm.
Finacial Implication
Cost of Each Imported Ram = 1.0 lacs
Cost of 30 Imported Rams = 30.0 lacs
5.5.11. DEWEEDING
Since, lots of weeds and unwanted poisonous plants have grown up in the pasture land.
Consequently leading to the deaths of sheep and goats which consumes these weeds while
grazing. There is urgent need of deweeding of these unwanted poisonous plants on regular basis.
For each block the financial implication for Project Period shall be Rs. 0.60 Lac and for Poonch
district it would be 3.60lacs.
5.5.12. Provision for Fodder Production (Minikits Rabi & Kharif)
100 minikits of seeds of fodder crops for Rabi and Kharif season shall be distributed
among the farmers of District Poonch for fodder production to meet with the requirement of
fodder during lean period.Theseminikits of seeds shall be purchased @ Rs. 200/- per kit and such
500 kits shall be purchased to implement the scheme. Total financial implication of the scheme
shall be Rs. 1.00lacs.
5.5.13. TRAINING PROGRAMME AND STUDY TOURS OF FARMERS
To bring about awareness among the prospective sheep breeders, aware need programme
are to be organized alongwith the field and farm visits. This will be educate them regarding the
technical know-how and modern techniques adopted in the government farms with in the state.
Financial Implication for Training Programmes
A) Training programs/awareness camps in
District Poonch each year = Rs. 1.00 Lacs.
B) Study tour of sheep breeders within
the District each year = Rs. 1.00 Lacs.
This practice of training and awareness programme and awareness programme are to be
repeated every year continuosly for 3 years.
Total funds required =Rs. 6.00 Lacs
174
Expected Outcome
Poonch district is having tremendous scope and ideally suited for sheep and goat rearing
owing to its topography & agro-climatic conditions and a host of other natural endowments.
About 60% of rural population is linked with sheep husbandry particularly Gujjar, Bakerwal,
Gaddi and small and marginal farmers. Better health care facilities will available to the sheep
farmers for their sheep and goats along with scientific expertise. Better shearing facilities will be
available to the sheep farmers at their doorstep. There will be regular supply of mutton in the
division and the losses of livestock will be minimize with better health cover and nutrition
bringing about in overall increase production level.
Table 67: Complete Project proposal showing Physical and Financial Details of All
Schemes for Sheep Husbandry
2014-15 to 2016-17
S.
Name of Scheme Financial
No. Unit Physical
(lacs)
1 Provision of funds for Medicine/Vaccine No. of Sheep &Goats 4.00 120.00
2 Provision of adequate Technical staff
a. Paravet Sheep &Goats New 36 130.00
b. Veterinarians VAS 6 18.00
3 Provision of Special funds for emergency/Exigencies for sheep farms
a. During loss due to natural calamities Families 40 4.00
b. Support price need base. Families 1250 2.00
4 Provision of employment Generation.
a. Machine Shearing Training No.s 6 24.00
5 Establishment of Mini Sheep Farm No.s 48 217.44
6 Scheme for revolving fund Block 6 6.00
7 a. Provision of Mobility Block 6 46.80
b Provision of Monitoring Block 6 15.00
8 Provision of Infrastructure
a. Accommodation for housing of SEC SEC 6 168.00
b. Improvement of infrastructure Block 6 18.00
c. Furniture Medicine rack etc. Block 6 18.00
9 Provision of sheds for livestock, feed & fodder
a. Livestock shed Shed in 6 blocks 12 36.00
b. Feed & Fodder storage shed. Shed in 6 blocks 12 36.00
10 Germ Plasm
a. Purchase of Rams Nos 180 15.00
b. Importation of rams Block 30 30.00
11 Provision for deweeding Block 6 3.60
12 Provision for fodder Production (Minikits) Farm 500 1.00
13 Tour of farmers Block 6 6.00
G.Total 914.84
175
5. 6. FISHERIES SECTOR
Fisheries activity in District Poonch
There is a huge demand of fisheries in Poonch district but somehow fisheries sector has
not developed to a satisfactory extent due to unfavourable conditions. Climatic conditions of the
district are quite conducive but soil in some areas not suited for achieving success in construction
of fish ponds. This district is bestowed with great potential of carp culture in culture fisheries
which is duly authenticated by the present status of fisheries activities under culture fisheries is
as under:-
Table 68: Fisheries Activity in Poonch District
Category Area Production
Inland 1.98 ha 3.6 tonns/ year
Water bodies (Reverine) 33.24 tonns/ year
No. of fishing license holder (2011) 421
No. of fish caught (6315) 6315
No. of farmers trained 50
No. of awareness camps 07
Stocking of trout in streams 6000
Stocking of Carp fingerling in ponds/streams 110000
A comprehensive Project proposal is being submitted under RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojna

(RKVY) for an amount of 37.72 lakhs which includes construction of carp ponds and trout
rearing ponds and farmers awareness camps which when implemented will generate an economic
activity besides increasing fish production and effective utilization of available resources in the
Poonch district and motivate other potential fish farmers to take up the activity, ultimately fish
farming in private sector shall get a big leap forward and contribute in the G.D.P with 4%
growth in the pisciculture sector within next 3 years.
5.6.1. Proposed scheme and its implementation &UNIT COST
The proposed scheme is purely a beneficiary oriented scheme. The detail schme has been
presented in the Table 69.
176
Table 69: Project proposal for Fisheries Development (Rs. in Lacs)
S.No Scheme/Component Year-wise Physical/Financial Targets
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17
Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin
A NMPS
1 Cage Culture - - - - - -
2 Feed/Seed/Other Mgt. Cost of cages - - - - - -
3 Marketing Dev. Cost - - - - 1 20.00
4 Propagation of Trout Culture in Pvt. Sector - - 1 2.40 - -
5 Propagation of Carp Culture in Pvt. Sector 2 3.00 3 4.50 2 3.00
6 Training & Extension - - 1 0.40 1 0.40
7 Revolving Fund for Feed Mill Manasbal - - - - - -
8 Fish Seed Hatcheries/Rearing Unit - - - - - -
9 Incentives on input cost of Feed/Seed to the Trout fish farmers 2 0.270 4 0.40 4 0.40
10 Pen culture - - - - - -
11 Feed/Seed/Other Mgt. Cost of pens - - - - - -
12 Project Implementation Cost - - - 0.25 - 0.25
13 Administrative Charges - - - 0.25 - 0.25
Total 3.270 8.20 24.30
B RKVY
1 Completion of Trout Feed Mill Building & other allied works at Manasbal - - - - - -
2 Up-gradation of Fish Seed Hatcheries/TRU's - - - - - -
3 Incentive on
i Cost of Feed/Seed to the private fish farmers 9 0.45 9 0.45 9 0.45
ii Tool kits for fish vendors dealing in retail market 4 0.20 4 0.20 4 0.20
Total 0.65 0.65 0.65
Grand Total 3.92 8.85 24.95
Total Financial Outlay = Rs. 37.72 Lacs
177
5.7. COOPERATIVE SECTOR
Introduction
There are 83 numbers of cooperative societies in Poonch district with overall membership
of 24293. The surplus production especially of perishable fruits like pear, plum etc. goes waste
due to lack of infrastructural facilities like transportation and processing. Moreover the surplus is
scattered over a wide area and farmers are forced to sell at a very low price.
The average production fresh fruits in the district are nearly about 13230 MT. At low
temperature perishability is considerably reduced and shelf life of perishable product which
increases urgent requirement of cold storage to preserve the perishable products.
There is a lot of scope of strawberry cultivation but it cannot be kept a fresh for more
than 24 hrs. The deterioration of quality in other fruits also very fast like in case of pear and there
is a huge loss of marketable quantity.
Post-harvest management practices i.e. precooling, packaging, storage, processing, drying
etc. can increase the shelf lifeof such fruits by making unfavourableconditions for bacterial
growth by removing water and adding inhibitors such as salt (NACL). Picking, Canning,
Freezing are followed in preservation process.
Infrastructure needs to be developed for post-harvest technology regarding vegetables
and fruits processing, canning, packing, refrigeration etc. There are 25 numbers of godowns
under cooperative societies with overall capacity of 21650 MT. There is now need for setting up
of cold storage in cooperative Sector.The Cooperative Sector is having multiple registered units
like Dairy, Poultry, Primary Agriculture Coop. Societies (PACS) at village level and Marketing
Societies at Block level. These societies other than Dairy and Poultry are dealing with fertilizers /
consumer and credit business and the farmers are affiliated with these Cooperative units at gross
root level. To boost up the business activities of these Cooperative Institutions, Revolving funds
for purchase of fertilizers and consumer goods; Margin money for upliftment of weaker sections/
Below Poverty Line Farmers and non-farmers and vehicles like Tata Mobile, Small Trucks,
Pickups for door to door service to the farmers, Chilling plant for Dairy units and Hatchery for
Poultry units.
5.7.1. Infrastructure Development: There is a need to develop infrastructure in the Cooperative
Sector and therefore proposed block wise as under:-
178
Table 70: Tehsil Wise Project Proposal for Cooperative Sector
S. Component Tehsil Amt.
No required
Haveli Mandi Mendhar Balakote Mankote Surankote
in Lacs
1 Cold 1 0 1 0 0 0 400.00
Storage
2 Vegetable 0 0 1 0 1 1 15.00
Mandi
3 Shopping 1 0 1 0 0 0 50.00
Complex
4 Godown 1 1 1 0 0 1 15.00
5 Office 1 0 0 0 0 0 7.00
Complex
6 Dairy 1 0 1 0 0 0 400
Chilling
Plant
7 Poultry 0 0 1 0 0 0 200
Hatchery
8 Vehicles 1 1 1 1 1 1 30.00
(Pick-
up/Mini
Truck)
9 Revolving Rs. 5.00 Lacs for each Tehsil 30.00
funds
Total 1147.00
Expected Outcome
The proposed activities under RKVY i.e. Two Cold Storage structures, Two Dairy
Chilling Plant, One Poultry Hatchery, Shopping Complex and Godowns by Co-operative
Department will strengthen the marketing infrastructure and enhance the growth rate of the
sector by 8-10 %.
179
5.8. HORTICULTURE PLANNING & MARKETING SECTOR
The Infrastructure in various tehsils for development of marketingactivities is under
process and mentioned as below:
Development of ApniMandies:
Name of the Mandi: ApniMandi, Gohlad, Teh. MendharDistrict Poonch
Area covered/possessed: 6.7Kanals
The government of J&K has approved the transfer of 6 kanals and 7 marlas of state land
to Horticulture, Planning and Marketing Department for setting up of „ApniMandi‟ at village
Gohlad Tehsil Mendhar, District Poonch.
Name of the Mandi: ApniMandi, Town Poonch
Area covered/possessed 26Kanals
The department of Horticulture (P&M) has identified a piece of land measuring 26kanals
at Poonch town for developing an ApniMandi to boost the economy of the rural people of this
area and in return the growers will get a market at their door step.
5.8.1. The post-harvest losses due to non-availability of the stores are quite high. As a result
good quantities of fruit/vegetables are damaged in the absence of proper storage facility and the
growers are subjected to forced sale at occasions. The fruit and vegetables growers in these areas
are very poor having small holdings and unable to construct their own stores. So the construction
of hygienic and big store at Fruit/vegetable producing areas will definitely reduce the post-
harvest losses of the produce and the produce will reach at market place in better condition.
Expected Outcome and Road Map
The project will directly benefit the farming community especially the small and
marginal farmers in realizing additional income. Planned production, Market intelligence, and
Quality will help in increased exports and direct economic benefits to farmers. The market led
extension will enhance the knowledge and skill formation. Finally the Human Resource
Development in the concerned fields. The project uses consortium approach utilizing the forward
and backward linkages for augmenting food and livelihood security through enhancing
production, addressing key concerns through key interventions, promoting value addition and
welfare effects including gender empowerment. The development of Market infrastructure and
the allied mechanism alongwith necessary awareness amongst the agriculture and rural
180
community to make the most of their produce and provide a better life to the farming community
remains to be the bull work of the agricultural marketing activities.
It is in view of these considerations that the project proposals have been prepared and as
such a renewed effort planned to be put into action excepting a growth of 4 %.
Horticulture (P&M) Department

Table 71: Proposal for post-Harvest Management under “RASHTRIYA KRISHI VIKAS
YOJNA”
S. Name of the Location Provision of 2015-16 2016-17
No Scheme Land Total

Phy Fin Phy Fin
acquisition
1 Development of
land upper
terrace on
Poonch Available 01 20.00 - - 20.00
Kankote side
only) at F&V
Market Poonch
2 Construction of
Cold Store Poonch Available - - 01 300.00 300.00
Poonch
G. Total 20.00 300.00 320.00
181
5. 9. DISTRICT RURAL DEVELOPMENT SECTOR
INTRODUCTION
The District Rural Development Agency Poonch is comprised of sixblocksviz. Poonch,
Mandi, Surankote, Bufliaz, Balakote and Mendhar. These six blocks have 191panchayats&179
villages covering total area of 113673 hectares with a population of 372613. The DRDA is
implementing SGSY Scheme in the district. The features of the Scheme are givenbelow.
“THE SWARAN JAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOZANA” was launched in the year
1999- 2000 by clubbing the Schemes of poverty alleviation in rural areas, like, IRDP, TRYSEM,
DWACRA, SITRA, GKY, & MWS. The multiplicity of the schemes of earlier programme
resulted in un-coordinated action; therefore, the SGSY Scheme was conceived as a single
programe for poverty alleviation by generating avenues of self-employment through Self Help
Groups and Individual Swarozgaries in clusters. The main aim of SGSY is to help the BPL
Families to come above poverty line by having sustainable income generation. The SGSY is a
holistic programme covering all aspects of self-employment such as organization of the poor into
Self Help Groups (SHGs) and clusters, Training, Credit, Technology, and Infrastructure &
Marketing. The Funding Pattern is 75% by Central Government and 25% by State Government.
The objective of SGSY is to bring the assisted BPL Families above the poverty line by
ensuring an appreciable increase in income over a period of time. The rural poor one organized
through SHGs by a process of social mobilization, through training and capacity building &
provision of income generating assets through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy.The
salient features of SGSY are to establish a large number of micro- enterprises in rural areas by
building upon the potentials of the rural poor as they can be successful producers of available
goods / services. The assisted rural poor can be Self Help Groups or Individuals. The objective is
to bring the rural poor above the poverty line. The emphasis will be laid on cluster approach. At
least ten key activities are to be identified for each block based on occupational skill of the
people & marketability of products. The up gradation of technology will add value to local
marketing. The role of panchayats in the organization of SHGs, Clusters, and selection of key
activities is the vital ingredient in the success of SGSY programme. The panchayatsamities at the
block level and at the DRDA at district Level have to play vital role in this process.
182
5.9.1. PROJECT I: In order to help the women, women self Help Groups shall be organized &
given encouragement to promote their occupational interests for increasing their income through
bank loan and credit. The experience has shown that women groups are more successful in
sustaining their activity. They are better carriers of development. The gram sabha is the basic
entity for proper identification of BPL families.The SGSY is a credit –cum subsidy programme.
The credit is the critical component in SGSY, subsidy being only a minor & enabling element
therefore, the role of banks is vital in this sphere. There is need for multi doses of credit so that
the BPL beneficiaries are able to sustain themselves and also critical gaps are filled up.The
subsidy will be about 30% of the credit in case of SC/ST‟s & disabled it will be Rs. 10,000/- &
for others it will be Rs. 7500/- In case of irrigation projects there will be no limit on subsidy .In
case of Groups the subsidy will be 50% subject to a limit of 1,25,000/- whichever is less.The
subsidy is back ended.The SGSY programmes will be implemented by DRDA‟s through
panchayatSamities.SGSY seeks upliftment of rural poor by involving panchayati Raj institutions
NGO‟s, Banks, line Departments, Social groups etc for achieving its aims & objectives.
Expected Outcome: The plan will help in developing activities of existing beneficiaries under
SGSY into other agri allied activities for improvement in their income/living standard as well as
raising the agriculture growth rate envisioning national target of 4% by the end of the plan.
. Table 72: Proposed Action Plan under RKVY in respect of DRDA Poonch
(Figures in Lacs)
S. Name of Activity Project Targets
No. Unit 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
Cost
1. Construction of 4 Nos. of Working shed 5.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 20.00
for women SHGs financed under SGSY.
2. Construction of 20 Nos. of Ponds for 0.50 0.00 5.00 5.00 10.00
swarozgaris who will undergo Dairy/
Sheep/ Goat activity under SGSY.
3. To Conduct 10 number of tours of SHGs 0.25 0.00 1.25 1.25 2.50
to other States for demonstration in
improvement in their skills/activities.
4. Establishment of Cattle Mandi at District 20.00 0.00 10.00 10.00 20.00
level for procurement of animals for
swarozgaris.
5. 250 Nos. of Pump sets (Electric/Diesel) 0.4 0.00 100.00 100.00 200.00
for Small, Marginal and BPL farmers of
different blocks
G. Total 0.00 126.25 126.25 252.50
183
5. 10. FLORICULTURE SECTOR
Opportunities for Floriculture in Poonch District
The climate of Poonch district is very favourable for variety of fowers. The Department
of Floriculture, Poonch is maintaining 2 parks over an area of 3.4 hectares in the district.
However the floriculture sector could not established itself among the farmers of the district, as a
commercial enterprise. The unavailability of market is the primary reason for non-popularity of
floriculture among the farmers. However, if markets can be identified for flowers grown in
Poonch district, the farmers can be encouraged to take up this enterprise for supplementary
income from their lands. The Department of Floriculture Poonch has 2800 plants maintained on
one nursery under their control. The distribution of these plants to farmers is negligible. Efforts
on a large scale are required for exploiting the floriculture sector in the district which has a huge
potential to act as an enterprise for generating supplementary income for farmers.
5.10.1. PROJECT PROPOSED –COMMERCIAL FLORICULTURE
The project is for a central facility based on promoting Commercial Floriculture for the
Employment Generation under National Agriculture Development Programme
(RastriyaKrishiVikasYojna). The district consists of six tehsils and it is planned to take up all the
six blocks of the District for cultivation of flowers keeping in view the suitable climatic
condition for Commercial Floriculture Production.
PROJECT TITLE
Commercial Floriculture for the employment generation &Upliftment of growers in
Poonch district
The project is conceived as a Central Farm providing the core production and the entire
necessary infrastructure with growers which will be contracted to produce and supply the Central
Farm with the bulk of their produce. The combined production from the Central Farm and
outgrowers will provide the volumes, range of products and extended season for the marketing of
consistent quality products acceptable to major buyers in the domestic, & world market. The
hitherto fragmented Indian Floriculture Industry lacks organization and the necessary co-
operation, lacks technical and research support and lacks efficient post harvest handling and cold
chain distribution to compete successfully on the world market. The project is designed to
address these issues providing centralized facilities for the supply of planting material, packing
and cold stores, quality control and all post harvest activities, technical assistance, research and
184
development and organized marketing, targeting both the export and domestic markets. In
addition to the project, by using the combined buying power of the central facility and
participating growers and outgrowers, provide all the inputs for the grower members and
negotiate with suppliers and service providers such as the airlines & Railways. Due to inclement
climate and relatively short season in the plains when quality production could be achieved,
coupled with the limited choice of species that could be grown in the plains, a floriculture
enterprise is unlikely to be successful unless the potential of the hills is fully exploited. Thus,
small farmers have to be encouraged and organized to be part of a floriculture project in the
Poonch district. The district is now has good road access to both Jammu city and Kashmir valley.
The State Government has funds for rural development and roads are a priority and over the next
few years access to the hill farms should improve.As flowers are highly perishable, access from
the farm to the road or holding store has to be as short as possible. Many hill farms have limited
vehicular access and this has to be considered when selecting participating farmers.
Table 73: Proposed Action Plan for Flower Cultivation during XII F.Y Plan
Programme 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
Component Units
component Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin. Phy Fin.
Open Marigold Kanal 0 0 200 3.75 200 3.75 400 7.50
Cultivation Gladiolus Kanal 0 0 200 15.00 200 15.00 400 30.00
Hi-Tech Lillium m2 0 0 10000 100.00 10000 100.00 20000 200.00
Cultivation Gerbra m2 0 0 10000 80.00 10000 80.00 20000 160.00
Cold storage No. 0 0.00 1 100.00 0 0.00 1 100.00
Model
Floriculture No. 0 0.00 1 100.00 0 0.00 1 100.00
Central Floriculture Farm.
Centre
Research &
No. 0 0.00 1 150.00 0 0.00 1 150.00
Development
Central
No. 0 0.00 1 100.00 0 0.00 1 100.00
Nursery
Packaging &
No. 0 0.00 1 100.00 0 0.00 1 100.00
Grading
Organic
Kanal 0 0.00 8 5.00 8 5.00 16 10.00
Farming
Community
Water
No. 0 0.00 1 10.00 1 10.00 2 20.00
Harvesting
Tanks
TOTAL 0.00 763.75 213.75 977.50
185
Table 74: ComprehensivePlan Proposal of Agriculture & Allied Sectors
under Stream-Ifor District Poonch
S. Name of the sector Financial requirement for project period

No (Rs in lacs)
1 Agriculture 8105.092
2 Horticulture 705.40
3 Sericulture 79.32
4 Animal Husbandry 315.90
5 Sheep Husbandry 914.84
6 Fisheries 37.72
7 Co-Operative 1147.00
8 Horticulture P&M 320.00
9 District Rural Development Agency 252.50
10 Research Sector, SKUAST-J 156.392
11 Floriculture 977.50
Total Project Cost 13011.66400
Administrative Cost @ 1% of the

Total Project Cost 130.11664
Monitoring & Evaluation @ 1% of

the Total Project Cost 130.11664
Grand Total 13271.89728
186
5.11. STREAM-II(SPECIFIC AGRICULTURE & ALLIED SECTOR PROJECTS)
Unit 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
Sector Scheme Component Unit
Cost Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.
Training of
No of
Mgmt. Extension officers/
Officers/ 0.025 10 0.25 10 0.25 10 0.25 30 0.75
of Soil Soil Testing Lab official
Health staff
No of
Training of Farmers farmers
0.005 100 0.50 500 2.50 500 2.50 1500 5.50
Training on
production and Nos of
Trainings
0.51 0 0 2 1.02 2 1.02 6 2.04
quality control of
organic inputs
Training of
Nos of
certification and Trainings
0.51 0 0 1 0.51 1 0.51 2 1.02
Organic
inspection agencies
Farming
Training of field
Nos of
functionaries and Trainings 0.39 1 0.39 2 0.78 2 0.78 4 1.95
Agriculture Ext. Officers
Trg. Of farmers on
Nos of
organic farming @ camps
0.13 0 0 6 0.91 6 0.91 12 1.56
13000/- camp
Farmers Training
Nos of
Mushroom Camp on FSS/ camps
0.17 0 0 20 3.40 20 3.40 40 6.80
Pattern @ Rs.17000/.
Farmers camp on
FFS pattern @
Rs.17000/-per camp Nos of
Apiculture camps
0.17 0 0 10 1.70 10 1.70 20 3.40
for seven days for 30
farmers on bee
keeping.
Agro- Nos of
Training of farmers Trainings
0.10 0 0 2 0.20 2 0.20 4 0.40
Orestry
187
Sector/ Unit 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Total
Component Unit
Scheme cost Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin. Phy. Fin.
Horticulture Detail attached below 31.10 446.20 446.20 923.50
No of
Sericulture Awareness Camps 0.05 0 0 10 0.50 10 0.50 20 1.00
Camps
Animal Professional training No of
0.02 50 1.00 100 2.00 100 2.00 250 5.00
Husbandary of Farmers farmers
Sheep Training Programme
Nos 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 1.00 0 3.00
Husbandary for farmers
No of
Awareness Camps 0.20 0 0 20 4.00 25 5.00 45 9.00
Camps
Horticulture Exposure visit of
No. 0.25 0 0 6 1.50 6 1.50 12 3.00
(P&M) farmers
Exposure visit of
No. 0.50 0 0 2 10.00 2 10.00 4 20.00
officers
Training/ workshop
No of
of officers of allied 0.20 1 0.20 5 1.00 5 1.00 11 2.20
Trainings
departments
DRDA
Awareness camps
for educating rural No of
0.15 0 0 10 1.50 10 1.50 20 3.00
Camps
people
Training of farmers
0.05 0 0 10 0.50 10 0.50 20 1.00
outside state No of
Floriculture
Training of farmers Farmers
0.025 10 0.25 20 0.50 20 0.50 50 1.25
within state
TOTAL 34.69 479.97 480.97 995.37
FUNDS REQUIRED UNDER STREAM-II

Total Funds Required for Project Period = Rs. 995.37 Lacs.
188
Table 75: Proposed Physical and Financial Plan Proposed Under Stream II for
Horticulture Sector
Unit Physical Targets Financial (Rs. Lacs)
S. Proposed projects Total Total
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
2014-15
2015-16
2016-17
No
Cost
Unit
1. Area Expansion
Programme for
diversified fruit Ha. 0 500 500 1000 0.60 0 300.00 300.00 600.00
cultivation @ Rs.0.60
lacs/Ha.
2. Maintenance of New
and Old orchard area
@ 10% of Ha. 0 0 1000 1000 0.06 0 60.00 60.00 120.00
establishment costs
for first five years.
3. Strengthening/Develo
pment of Multi-Crop
fruit plant production
Ha. 0 2 2 4 5.00 0 10.00 10.00 20.00
units of 0.4 Ha. unit
size in Pvt. Sector @
R.5.00 lacs/ha.
4. Strengthening of transfer of technology system/ extension services (HRD)
a) Training of resource
persons for
strengthening
Nos. 0 20 20 40 0.025 0 0.5 0.5 1.00
improved pruning
technologies @
Rs.2500/- per person
b) Study tour of farmers and extension officers.
i) Specialized training
for staff/officers Nos. 1 5 5 11 0.50 0.50 2.50 2.50 5.50
(trainers)
ii) Training of farmers:-
Within the State @ Nos. 20 40 40 100 0.03 0.60 1.20 1.20 3.00
Rs.3000/ head Outside
the Sate @ Rs.5000/
head (for a period of 7 Nos. 20 40 40 120 0.05 1.00 2.00 2.00 5.00
days)
iii) Exhibitions/farmers
Nos.
fair 1 2 2 5 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 5.00
189
c) Farmers Awareness Camps
iv) Awareness Camps for
dissemination of
technical advances
achieved in the
Sector of Horticulture
for boosting fruit
crops productivity
Nos. 50 100 100 250 0.05 2.50 5.00 5.00 12.50
and ensure adequate
participation of
farming community
in Horticulture
development
activities @ Rs.0.05
lacs per Camp.
v) Training of women in
the art of fruit
preservation and Nos. 0 100 100 200 0.02 0 2.00 2.00 4.00
home made products
@ Rs.2000/ ten days
Total 5.60 15.20 15.20 36.00
5 Plasticulture - Use of Plastics in Horticulture
i) Low cost poly green
houses @ Rs.0.20 Nos. 50 100 100 250 0.20 10.00 20.00 20.00 50.00
lacs
ii) Shade nets @ 200
m2 1000 2000 5000 0.0005 0.50 1.00 1.00 2.50
Rs.50/Sq. Mtr. 0
iii) Mulch film @
Ha. 50 100 100 250 0.30 15.00 30.00 30.00 75.00
Rs.30000/Ha.
iv) Hi-Tech Green
Houses @ Rs.10.00 Nos. 0 1 1 2 10.00 0 10.00 10.00 20.00
lacs per house
Total 25.50 61.00 61.00 147.50
Total Project Costs:- 31.10 446.20 446.20 923.50
190
CHAPTER VI
DISTRICT PLAN
6.1. INTRODUCTION
The comprehensive district agriculture plan of Poonch District is meant for achieving the
high productivity growth expectations under RKVY. It is aimed at reducing the yield gaps in
important crops and increasing production and productivity in agriculture and allied sectors
through focused and holistic initiatives to maximize farmers‟ income.
6.2. GROWTH DRIVERS

For achieving the targeted growth for the agriculture and allied sector, the growth drivers
are enlisted herewith.
[
6.2.1. Agriculture
 Identification and increased adoption of specific varieties of different crops suited to
organic farming
 Evolution of different area specific farming systems through integrated approach
especially through action research evolving Scientist, Extension specialist and
Farmers.
 Resource conservation technologies
 Farm Mechanization
 Seed treatment and enhancing seed replacement rate
 Integrated Pest Management, Integrated Nutrient Management and Integrated Weed
Management
 Demonstrations and capacity building of field functionary and farmers
 Human Resource Development.
 Expansion of adequate infrastructure for marketing and value addition
 Development of non-farm activities
 Promotion of mushroom, bee keeping, agro-forestry and medicinal plantation.
6.2.2. Horticulture
 Area expansion under different types of fruit plants
 Quality planting material in mango, citrus, guava, litchi, strawberry etc
191
 Efficient Marketing
 Demonstrations and trainings including farmers and field officials
6.2.3. Animal Husbandry

 Increasing Fodder Production
 Balanced feeding
 Vaccination and Deworming
 Breed improvement through community bulls and A.I.
 Demonstrations and capacity building of field functionaries and farmers
 Poultry Development with emphasis on backyard poultry
6.2.4. Fisheries
 Improvement of ponds.
 Making availability of good quality fish seed
 Balanced feeding in ponds
 Capacity building of farmers and field functionaries
6.3. INNOVATIVE SCHEMES

The proposed projects are listed as under
 Mushroom Development
 Apiculture Development
 Agro Forestry and Medicinal plants
6.4. PROJECT PROPOSALS

a. Agriculture = 14
b. Research Proposals (SKUAST-J) = 4
c. Horticulture = 7
d. Animal Husbandry = 5
e. Sheep Husbandry = 13
f. Fisheries = 1
g. Horticulture (P&M) = 3
h. Sericulture = 1
192
6.5. VISION OF XIITH PLAN
To increase farmer‟s income on sustainable basis through restoring of declining
plantations and increasing the productivity of field crops and animals by incorporating modern
practices with indigenous know how. Priorities for the plan would be as under:
 Establishing, managing and usages of components of organic farming
 Management of Soil health and fertility
 Area expansion in fruits, vegetables, spices and flowers
 Rejuvenation of declining orchard
 Popularizing resource conserving technologies
 Intensification of crop husbandry with vegetable and horticultural crops, animal
husbandry, mushroom cultivation and other non crop based farming
 Human resource development of rural youths, farm women, other disadvantaged groups
and field staff
 Focus on market oriented agriculture
Conclusion
The farmers of District Poonch are producing different agricultural produces much more
than their own requirements. The volume of marketable surplus of cereals and fruits being
cultivated by farmers is on the rise. They have even ventured into the production of different
commodities exclusively for the market. The farmers of the district are now fairly established in
producing all sorts of agricultural produce be it cereals, vegetables, milk, meat, mushroom,
honey and fish. In spite of falling share of agriculture in gross domestic product, it is still a base
of the district economy. However, the increasing urbanisation, changing diet patterns, modifying
marketing and trade necessitates for transforming the farming too. The pace of diversification in
the farming system is rapidly changing and the share of horticulture is ever increasing. This is
high time for the calls for creating the culture that helps and motivate farmers to adopt and
integrate the subsidiary occupations in their farming systems on comparatively larger scale.
Diversity within the predominant existing farming system of paddy and maize based cropping
system with few local breed of cattle, and across the sectors in the form of integrated farming
systems is the proved approach for success. The multiple enterprises adoption including crops,
vegetables, dairy, poultry, mushroom, fish, honey bee, farm level processing and value addition
193
etc. will generate regular farm income. Thus scientific integration of crop husbandry and allied
occupations is the central theme of diversification of Poonch District.
The cultivation of fallow land during the Rabi seasons with higher productivity is crucial
for increasing the oilseed and food grain production in the district. Though the climate in some
areas is not favourable for normal cereals, new crops like buck wheat and saffron can be
introduced for higher profits and farmers can be encouraged to utilize every inch of the land with
highest possible cropping intensity integrating the entire components for food security as well as
income. Since the district is one of the remotest districts of the state, the government assistance
in all round development can never be ignored. Similarly, depletion of natural resources, the
problems of soil erosion and deteriorating soil health need to be tackled by government
assistance. The lasting solutions to these problems i.e. the rain water harvesting in ponds/ water
storage tanks, roof top rain water harvesting and other innovative schemes for immediate returns
to the farmer but most crucial for long term sustainability.
Since the district has focused on the organic production in the proposed plan so the high
priority is to be given for the action research and extension relating to the organic cultivation.
Organic cost/produce certification and marketing of farmers produce at reasonable prices is
another crucial issues affecting farm profitability which need immediate attention. Higher
productivity growth expectations through RKVY have to be properly anchored by accelerating
the further adoption of different modern technologies in agriculture and allied sectors.
Monitoring and evaluation is to be made necessary component of any extension and
development programme. The constant monitoring will help in priority settings as per the
required needs of the farmers. Due emphasis has been given to all these aspects in the present
document which will ensure desired growth in productivity of agriculture and allied sectors that
will eventually result into higher level of farm income and rural prosperity.
Overall Expected Impact of C-DAP under RKVY in Poonch district of Jammu & Kashmir
 Average productivity and production of food grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, silk and
animal production in term of meat and wool etc. will be increased
 Higher investment will lead to better technology adoption, use of inputs and
establishment of marketing facilities for overall development of farming community.
 Soil health/fertility of soil will be improved.
194
 Increase of seed replacement rate of different crops from 15% to 25-30%.
 Area under irrigation will be increased by new potential created in rainfed areas.
 Agriculture Extension system will be strengthened by creation of infrastructure
facilities.
 Generation of employment and income earning opportunities through creation of new
enterprises especially self employment for rural youth.
 Economic condition of farmers will be improved.
 Establishment of cold storage and food processing units for value addition and further
enhance of the income of farming community.
 Revival in cultivation of traditional millets may be helpful in preservation of
germplasm of old races/strains.
 Integration of trees on farm lands may reduce erosion, sedimentation in streams; act as
wind break by reducing wind energy for 65-87%.
 Improvement of eco system.
 Decrease of mortality and morbidity of animals.
 Integration of Agriculture with Horticulture, Rural Development, Animal Husbandry
and Employment schemes in non-farm activities will result in sustainable growth in
Agriculture during 12th five year plan and beyond.
195

Cdap Poonch PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Cdap Poonch PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Government of Jammu & Kashmir

Directorate of Agriculture, Jammu (J&K)

Figure Title Page No.

1. Satellite view of Poonch district 8

2. Map of the District location in the 9

3. Map of the district with talukas 10

classified in to three broad

categories by development (growth)

4. Road Map of Poonch district 11

5. Problematic areas of Poonch district 12

6. Blockwise Problematic sector in 13

A sustained and wide spread agricultural growth is a pre-condition of development. The

1.7. Expected outcomes as a result of implementation of the Plan

1.3. Data collection and consultation:

Before meeting with the farmers for PRA

Figure 1. Satellite view of Poonch district

Inhabited Un-inhabited villages (ha.) panchayats

Poonch 38 2 40 19045 32 45560 39391 84951 387 34873

Mandi 38 0 38 19565 32 29680 27490 57170 1 15405

Surankote 29 0 29 27086 41 41955 38558 80817 108 41428

Mendhar 34 4 38 19061 49 19295 17961 36951 456 39880

Balakote 18 1 19 27846 15 45717 43189 88906 0 10866

Bufliaz 15 0 15 1778 22 12006 11811 23817 0 6566

Non- tree crops area area (%)

agril. and groves

Poonch 19045 15639.46 1547.98 00 6307.65 7041.70 2.70 - 6550.15 - -

Mandi 19565 4035.49 1547.73 00 6307.65 3497.30 2.70 - 2586.96 - -

Surankote 27086 1372.47 411.10 00 450.12 1312.40 - 33.10 6946 - -

Mendhar 19061 2812.00 425.24 5357.21 1344.30 1868.60 - 34.85 1631.29 - -

Bufliaz 1778 2392.58 2606.41 00 2647.02 1610.70 4.40 8.23 2900.62 - -

Farmers Farmers farmers farmers

Table 4: Crop wise area

Table 5: Area covered under different crops

1 Paddy ha 11821 11,130 11,040

2 Maize ha 13920 14,010 14,000

3 Wheat ha 20170 16,410 20,060

4 Oilseeds ha 4150 3,710 3,815

5 Vegetable ha 560 1,000 1,025

6 Fodder ha 1570 1,750 1,680

7 Pulses ha 2947 2,450 2,495

Table 7: Livestock population in Poonch – 2010-11

Table 9: Sheep & goats rearing in Poonch – 2010-11

Table 10: Poultry population in Poonch - 2010-11

Table 11: Fisheries production in Poonch -20010-11

Number of Tehsils 06 (2014)

Number of Blocks 11 (2014)

Number of villages 178

Number of Households 60235

2.2.2. Demographic Profile

2.2.3. Topography and Agro Climatic Characteristics

Table 14: Descriptionof Agro-climatic Zones

1 AES-I Plain topography with thick soil and canal irrigated

2 AES-II Slopy land with thin soil cover and rainfed

3 AES-III Thick growth of conifers & deciduous forests

Table 16: Soil Type/s

1. Silty Soil is Silty with water logged and flood prone

2.2.4. Land Use pattern and Land holdings

2.2.5. Irrigation and Ground water

3.2. A. AGRICULTURE SECTOR

3.2. B. SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT (FOCUS ON ALLED SECTORS)

II) Natural Resources

IV) Sheep Husbandry