Alumina Refinery Ltd. (PDFDrive)

ALUMINA

REFINERY LTD.

RAPID ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT
DRAFT REPORT FOR PUBLIC HEARING

FOR
PROPOSED PROJECT FOR MANUFACTURING
OF
SPECIAL GRADES ALUMINA
ALUMINA TRIHYDRATE, ACTIVATED ALUMINA,
CALCINED ALUMINA & SODIUM ALUMINATE
AT
Survey No: 94/1&2 of Kukma and
Survey No: 100/1, 101/1, 105/4, 106,107, & 110/2 of
Reladi Moti, Bhuj, Dist. Kutch, Gujarat.

Prepared By:

WHITE HOUSE, NEAR GIDC OFFICE, CHAR RATA,
VAPI‐396 195., GUJARAT, INDIA.
NABET application no.92

PREFACE
Industrial development in India has escalated considerably with numbers of large industries with
variety of complex raw materials & processes. These have resulted in numerous environmental
issues almost all over Indian regions. In last decade, the issues of environmental pollution and
related adverse effects on human health & ecology have asked for earnest attention for
vigorous efforts to overcome the issues of worsening environmental condition. Keeping these in
the policy, vision, mission and action plan; Government of India as well as governments of
states of India has started to act as controller for all anthropogenic through implementation of
many regulatory controls & actions. MoEF & CPCB being the national authority for conservation
& protection of environmental quality of our nation has issued various guidelines & notification
for prevention of pollution of environment.
With view of implementation of the action plan for prevention of pollution & environmental
protection, MoEF, Delhi has published a notification vide SO 1533, dated 18th Sept 2006 (under
provision of EPA, 1986) regarding the necessity & applicability of environmental clearance for
many industrial or developmental activity. The notification has been amended timely with
necessary modification or incorporation of additional provisions for protection of environment.
This notification and the amendment thereof are intended to encourage productive and
enjoyable harmony between man and his environment. The EPA, 1986 and the SO 1533 (as
amended timely) have brought about a profound impact on actions affecting the environment by
requiring environmental considerations to be included in decision making, process covering
number of projects and activities. Specifically, MoEF requires each agency to prepare a
detailed statement of Environmental impact before proceeding with any major action that may
significantly affect the quality of the human Environment. Especially the project or activity
covered under schedule of the notification SO 1533 are required to prepare an EIA report to get
Prior EC before implementation of the project activity.
Alumina Refinery Ltd. is a Greenfield mineral beneficiation project for manufacturing of specialty
grades (non-metallurgical grades) alumina. Company has planned to setup the unit in Kukma &
Reldi Moti Villages of Kutch district. The unit will have alumina production capacity of 25000
Ton/Annum with mine consumption less than 1 Lac tons/annum. The unit is thus falling under
schedule category of 2(b) “B” as per Schedule-I of SO 1533.
As the provision of SO 1533 indicates the necessity of EIA study as well as Public Hearing, the
proponent has undergone the process of EIA study and Public hearing as a part of prior
environmental clearance for the proposed project. Hence, The present study of Environmental
Impact Assessment has been conducted for the purpose of acquiring EC for proposed project of
M/s. Alumina Refinery Ltd. for manufacturing of specialty grade alumina and this report is being
presented to depict the details of the environment, proposed project and associated issues
which are revealed during the study. Any error detected in the report is due to oversight and
unintentional. All efforts will be made to cover-up the shortcomings and remove the errors from
the report.
In process of compiling this report, we were earnestly supported & helped by individuals of
alumina Refinery Ltd., staff of their project consultant – PIZO Project & Engineering Consultant
Pvt. Ltd., the associated experts of HN Ecoerecter & different departments of Government. We
are grateful to all of them as well as our team members who have worked hard to successfully
complete the EIA study.
Vapi Date: 27th March 2010
Unistar Research & Environment Labs Pvt. Ltd.,

Director-EIA Coordinator.
INDEX
Sr. No. Description Page

No.
A Letter of Awarded TOR and compliance report i to xii
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 General 1
1.2 Profile of Proponent 3
1.2.1 About Proponent 3
1.2.2 About Promoters 4
1.2.3 The Business Sector 5
1.3 Proposed Project 5
1.3.1 About Project 5
1.3.2 Project Site 6
1.3.3 Nature & Type of Project 8
1.3.4 Proposed Products & Capacity 8
1.4 Regulatory Framework & SO1533 8
1.4.1 Applicable Acts & Rules 8
1.4.2 Applicability of SO 1533 9
1.5 Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA Study 9
1.6 Need & Scope of EIA Study 10
1.6.1 Need of EIA Study 10
1.6.1.1 EIA Study 10
1.6.1.2 Public Participation 10
1.6.2 Scope of EIA Study 11
1.7 Approach & Methodology of EIA Study 12
1.8 Structure of EIA Report 16
Chapter 2: Project Description
2.1 Proposed Project 19
2.1.1 About Project 19
2.1.2 Site Selection criteria & surrounding 19
2.1.3 Proposed Products & Capacity 22
2.2 Resource Requirement 22
2.2.1 Capital 22
2.2.2 Land & Infrastructure Requirement 23
2.2.3 Construction Materials 24
2.2.4 Water 25
2.2.5 Power & Fuel 26
2.2.6 Human Resource 26
2.2.7 Raw Materials 27
2.2.8 Machineries, Equipments & Technologies 27
2.3 Manufacturing Process 29
No.
2.3.1 Process Description 29
2.3.2 Material Balance 30
2.4 Pollution Potentials & Control Measures 31
2.4.1 Water & Wastewater Management 31
2.4.2 Emissions & Air Pollution Control 33
2.4.3 Noise Generation & Control 34
2.4.4 Solid / Hazardous Waste Generation & Management 34
2.4.5 Hazardous Chemical Storage & Handling 35
2.4.6 Occupational Health & Safety 40
2.4.7 Greenbelt Development & Rainwater Harvesting 42
2.4.8 Environment, Health & Safety (EHS) Management Cell 43
Chapter 3Description of Environment
3.1 General 44
3.1.1 Baseline Study 44
3.1.2 Objective & Scope of Baseline Study 44
3.1.3 Schedule of Baseline Study 45
3.1.4 Environmental Sampling & Monitoring Locations 46
3.1.5 Methodology of Baseline Study 47
3.2 Area Profile 48
3.3 Baseline Environmental Status of Study Area 51
3.3.1 Geographical Features 51
3.3.2 Topography & Drainage Pattern 52
3.3.3 Landuse Status 55
3.3.4 Micro-Meteorology 57
3.3.5 Ambient Air Quality 61
3.3.6 Water Quality 62
3.3.7 Soil Quality 66
3.3.8 Noise Level 68
3.3.9 Ecological Layout 69
3.3.10 Demography &Socioeconomic Layout 78
Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures
4.1 General 82
4.2 Components of Impacts Assessment Study 84
4.2.1 Method of Study 84
4.2.2 Environmental Attributes & Parameters 86
4.2.3 Types & Characteristics of Impacts 87
4.3 Identification of Sources & Probable Impacts 89
4.4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts 92
4.4.1 Land Environment 93
4.4.2 Air Environment 96
4.4.3 Water Environment 106
4.4.4 Noise Level 109
4.4.5 Ecological Layout 111
4.4.6 Socioeconomic Layout 113
No.
4.5 Matrix Evaluation of Anticipated Environmental Impacts 115
4.13 Summary of Impacts & Mitigation Measures 119
Chapter 5 Analysis of Alternative
5.1 General 126
5.2 Process Options 44
5.2.1 Bayer’s Process 127
5.2.2 Bicarbonate Process 129
5.2.3 Comparison of Resource Requirement & Waste Generation 130
5.2.4 Selection of Process 131
5.3 Technological Options 131
5.3.1 Bauxite Crushing 131
5.3.2 Bauxite Grinding 132
5.3.3 Digestion & De-Silication 132
5.3.4 Red Mud Separation, Thickening & Disposal 133
5.3.5 Heat Recovery Through Heat Exchangers 134
5.3.6 Precipitation 135
5.3.7 Calcination 136
5.4 Important Features Of Selected Process & Technology 136
5.5 Major Advantages Of Selected Process & Technology 138
Chapter 6 Environmental Monitoring Plan
6.1 General 139
6.2 Post Project Environmental Monitoring Program 140
6.3 Environmental Laboratory 142
6.4 Reporting & Documentation 143
6.5 Budget & Procurement Schedule 144
Chapter 7 Additional Study: Onsite Emergency Plan
6.1 General 146
6.2 Public Consultation 146
6.3 Risk Assessment Study 147
Chapter 8: Project Benefits
8.1 General 148
8.2 Employment 148
8.3 Other Tangible benefits 150
Chapter 9:Environmental Management Plan
9.1 General 152
9.2 Organisational Philosophy & Environment Policy 153
9.2.1 General Philosophy 153
9.2.2 Environment Policy 153
9.3 Objective of Environmental Management Plan 154
9.4 Environmental Management Approaches 155
9.4.1 Tech-scientific Approach 155
9.4.2 Socio-Economic, Socio-Cultural And Public Health Approach 157
9.4.3 Organizational Approach 157
9.5 Environmental Management Plan 158
No.
9.5.1 Construction Phase 158
9.5.2 Operation Phase 170
9.6 Implementation Of Environmental Management Plan 196
9.6.1 Implementation schedule & responsibility 196
9.6.2 Supervision 196
9.6.3 Reporting 196
9.6.4 Working Procedures & Organization 197
Chapter 10: Summary & Conclusion
10.1 About Proposed Project 198
10.2 Baseline Environmental Status 200
10.3 Anticipated Impacts & Mitigation Measures 203
10.4 Environment Monitoring & Management Plan 208
10.5 Risk Assessment 212
10.6 Conclusion 212
Chapter 11: Disclosure of Consultants Engaged
11.1 About Unistar Environment & Research Labs Pvt. Ltd. 214
11.2 Project Team for EIA of M/s. Alumina Refinery Ltd. 218
LIST OF TABLE
Table Description Page

No. No.
1.1 Name & Address of Directors 4
1.2 List of Products & Capacity 8
1.3 Structure of EIA Report 16
2.1 Proposed Products & Capacity 22
2.2 Capital Cost Projection 23
2.3 Area Statement 23
2.4 Requirement of Construction Materials 25
2.5 Water Consumption 25
2.6 Fuel & Power Requirement 26
2.7 Details of Raw Materials 27
2.8 Wastewater Generation (in KLD) 32
2.9 Characteristics of Raw Effluent (Boiler Blow Down) 32
2.10 Emission Type, Sources & Control Measures 33
2.11 Details of Solid & Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal 35
2.12 Utility Emissions & Control Measures 35
2.13 Details of Solid & Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal 36
3.1 Frequency of Environmental Monitoring & Sampling 46
3.2 Locations of Environmental Sampling & Monitoring 47
3.3 Method of Environmental Sampling & Analysis 48
3.4 Salient features of Profile of Project Area (5 kms) 49
3.5 Topographical profile & landforms of study area 53
3.6 Details of Land use statistics of Study Area 55
3.7 Historical Annual Rain fall of the Kutch District (in mm) 57
3.8 Ambient Air Quality Of Study Area (October –December 2010) 62
3.9 Surface water quality Of Study Area (Dt. 1/11/2010) 64
3.10 Ground water quality Of Study Area(Dt. 1/11/2010) 65
3.11 Soil Quality Of Study Area(Dt. 1/11/2010) 67
3.12 Noise Level in Study Area(Dt. 1/11/2010) 68
3.13 Crops of study villages 69
3.14 Locations for Ecological Survey 71
3.15 List of Flora of Study Area 71
3.16 Relative Occurrence of Flora 74
3.17 List of Terrestrial Birds in Study Area 75
3.18 List of Aquatic Birds in Study Area 76
3.19 List of Wild Animals of Study Area 77
3.20 Demographic Highlight of Study Area 78
3.21 Population & Social Structure 79
3.22 Details of Sex Ratio of Study Area 79
3.23 Details of Literacy rate of study area 80
3.24 Details of Occupational structure of study area 81
4.1 Identified Sources of impacts & probable impacts 90
4.2 Details of sources & emission for modeling 101
4.3 Details of uniform Cartesian grid for modeling 101
4.4 Details of Discrete Cartesian receptor for modeling 101
4.5 Incremental GLC predicted by modeling 102
4.6 Predicted Ambient Air Quality 102
4.7 Matrix Evaluation for Construction Phase 118
4.8 Matrix Evaluation for Operation Phase 119
4.9 Summary of Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures 120
5.1 Resource requirement & waste generation for alternate processes 130
6.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan 140
6.2 Budgetary Provision for Environmental Protection 145
8.1 Average Salary structure planned 149
8.2 Breakup of Man-power requirement 149
10.1 Summary of Impacts & Mitigations 203
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Description Page

No. No.
1.1 Map of project Location 7
1.2 Satellite view of Project Site 7
2.1 Cartographic Map of Project Area (5kms) on Satellite Image 21
2.2 Layout of Proposed Site 24
2.3 PID for proposed Process 28
2.4 Process Flow & Mass Balance Diagram 30
2.5 Water Balance Diagram 32
2.6 EHS Cell 43
3.1 Composite Map of Study Area showing sampling location 50
3.2 Cartographic Map of Study Area 52
3.3 Category wise landuse/landcover statistics 55
3.4 Land Use/Land Cover Map (5km) 56
3.5 Wind Class Frequency Distribution 59
3.6 Wind Rose Diagram 60
4.1 Contour of 1st Highest Incremental GLC for PM10 103
4.2 Contour of 1st Highest Incremental GLC for SO2 104
4.3 Contour of 1st Highest Incremental GLC for NOx 105
9.1 Organization chart of EHS cell 197
LIST OF ANNEXURE
Annex Description
No.
I Certificate of incorporation consequent upon change of name on
conversion to Public Limited Company.
II Details of Project Business, Market & Finance Report
III Site Specific Hourly Micrometeorological Data
IV Environmental Methods
V Risk Assessment Report
VI Copy of application for NABET Accreditation scheme for EIA
Consultant organization.
VII Necessary Documents
A. Certificate from M.S. University for Non-Metallurgical
Industry
B. Letter of Permission for Drawl of Water by GWIL
C. Copies of Environmental Clearance of bauxite mines of
M/s. GMDC as source of supply and characteristics of
Bauxite.
D. Letter of Cement Industry for process waste utilization in
cement manufacturing process and specification of process
waste.
E. Copy of N A Letter.
F. Copy of Consent to Established (CTE) from GPCB
G. Layout plan of project site and Layout plan with Survey
Nos.
i of xii
ii of xii
iii of xii
iv of xii
v of xii
vi of xii
vii of xii
COMPLIANCE WITH TOR CONDITIONS
Condition of TOR Compliance Status & Detail

1. Detailed justification revealing that the proposed Complied
project is not a metallurgical industry along with Certificate from M.S. University has
supportive documents. Certification that proposed been obtained and enclosed as Part- A
project is not a metallurgical industry shall be of Annexure-VII of EIA report.
obtained either from the Metallurgy Department of
M.S. University, Baroda or any other institute of
repute in this field.
2. Project site specific details such as distance of the Complied
project site from the nearest (1) Village (2) lake / The details are included in EIA Report in
pond / reservoir / canal (3) National Highway (4) Section 3.2 of Chapter-3 on Page 49-50.
State Highway (5) Railway line (6) Heritage site (7) The one season (other than monsoon,
National Park / Sanctuary / Reserve Forests shall Winter-October-December 2010) data
be included in the rapid EIA report to be prepared for air, water, soil, noise, ecology etc.
covering one season (other than monsoon) data. are included under respective headings
iChapter 3 of EIA report.
3. Present land use pattern within 5 km radius from Complied
the project boundary based on satellite imagery. The details are included in EIA Report in
Section 3.3.3 of Chapter-3 on Page 55
4. Layout plan of the factory premises. Provision of Complied
separate entry & exit and adequate margin all round The details are included in EIA Report in
the periphery. Mark the same in the plant layout. Figure 2.2 of Chapter-2 on Page 24
5. Copy of permission letter obtained from Gujarat Complied
Water Infrastructure Ltd. (GWIL) for supply of The letter from GWIL is obtained and
increased raw water requirement for the project. included in EIA Report in Part –B of
Methods adopted/to be adopted for the water Annexure-VII.
conservation. Method for water conservation is
described in various sections of EIA
report, mainly on Pages: 25,30-32,175-
177 and 190-194
6. Source(s) of raw materials and status of Complied
environmental clearance of bauxite mine should be The letter from GMDC is obtained and
included. included in EIA Report in Part – C of
Annexure-VII.
The details for source of raw materials
are included in EIA Report in Section
2.2.7 of Chapter-2 on Page 27
7. Details of the technology and manufacturing Complied
process to be adopted along with the reasons for The details are included in EIA Report in
selecting the same Details on strategy for Chapter-5 on Page 126-138
implementation of cleaner production activities.
viii of xii
8. Detailed mass balance and water balance Complied
(including reuse-recycle. if any) along with The details are included in EIA Report in
qualitative and quantitative analysis of the each Chapter-2 on section 2.3 and 2.4.1 Page
waste stream to be generated from the process. 30 & 32.
Explore possibility of reuse / recycle and other No wastewater from process is
cleaner production options 'for reduction of wastes. anticipated as 100% liquor will be re-
Details of methods to be adopted for the water circulated within process systems.
conservation. Method for recycling & reuse is
9. Detailed scheme for complete recycling of described in various sections of EIA
wastewater in process for ensuring zero discharge report, mainly on Pages: 25,30-32,175-
status all the time. 177 and 192-194
10. Details of provisions to be made for storage of Complied
effluent during non operation of plant when The details are included in EIA Report in
requirement of effluent for recycling in process is Chapter-2 on Page 28 as PID.
not there. The liquor recovered for recycling will be
stored in makeup tank as shown in PID.
11. PIan for management and disposal of waste Complied
streams to be generated from spillage, leakages No waste streams are likely to be
etc. generated and all stream arising from
washing / other activities in operation
area will be collected in channel and
stored in the liquor storage tank as
shown in PID as well as on Page 177.
12. Details of storm water drainage. Details of Complied
measures proposed to avoid contamination of the The details are included in EIA Report in
storm water. Chapter-9 under various section as
described on page 155,162,
164,176,177,191-192
13. Site-specific micro-meteorological data using Complied
temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed The details are included in EIA Report in
and direction and rainfall should be incorporated. Chapter-3, section 3.3.4 on Page 57-60
and in Annexure-III.
14. Baseline status of ambient air quality and likely Complied
impact on ambient air quality due to the proposed The details of baseline environmental
activities. Parameters to be considered shall be in status for period of October-December
accordance with the revised ambient standards and 2010 are included in EIA Report in
in view of the process emissions. The details of Chapter-3 on Page 44-81 and in
model used and input parameters used for Annexure-III.
modeling should be provided. The air quality The details of modeling for prediction of
contours may be shown on location map clearly Incremental GLC & ambient air quality
indicating the location of sensitive receptors, if any, after proposed project are included in
and the habitation. The wind rose showing pre- Chapter-4 on Page 99-105 along with
dominant wind direction should also be indicated on the input data & air quality contour.
the map.
ix of xii
15. Specific details of (i) Process emission from each Complied
unit process with its quantification. (ii) Air pollution The details of environmental aspects of
Control Measures proposed with technical proposed project with reference to
specifications and its adequacy to achieve the pollution potentials like emissions,
GPCB norms (iii) Details of utilities required along process emission, fugitive emissions,
with type & quantity of fuel to be used in the same utilities emissions etc. along with air
(iv) Flue gas emission rate emission from each of pollution control measures are included
the utilities (v) Sources of fugitive emission from the in EIA Report in Chapter-2, section 2.4.2
unit along with its quantification and proposed on Page 33-34 and in Chapter-4 page
measures to control it. 101, 123-124.
16. Generation of CO2 and their utilization have to be Complied

set out. Technical details of the CO2 recovery plant. The details of process are described in
Chapter-2, Section 2.3 on Page 29-30
and in Chapter 5. It has been revealed
that CO2 emission will not occur and
hence issue of recovery is not arising.
17. Impact of the transport of raw material and finished Complied
product on the road network. The details of process are described in
Chapter-4, Section-4.3, 4.4.6 & 4.6 on
Page 91,114,122.
18. Details on management of the hazardous / solid Complied
wastes to be generated from the project stating The details of process are described in
detail of generation of each type of waste, storage Chapter-2, Section-2.4.4 on Page 34-35
area for each type of waste, its handling and its and in chapter-4, section 4.6 on Page
utilization / disposal. How the manual handling of 124 as well as in Chapter-9, on Page
the hazardous wastes shall be minimized. 195.
19. Generation and utilization of process mud (red mud) Complied
have to be set out. Red mud pond should be as per The details of process are described in
the CPCB Guidelines with garland drains, Details Chapter-2, Section-2.4.4 on Page 34-35
for land availability, structure of pond, lining as per and in chapter-4, section 4.6 on Page
CPCB guidelines should be included. 124 as well as in Chapter-9, on Page
195.
Red Mud pond is not required as the wet

cake of red mud will be stored in a
designated shed area provided as
storage & utilization area. The storage
facility will be constructed as water proof
concrete facility. Red mud in any stage
will not be transferred as slurry from
process and disposal of red mud will not
be done.
x of xii
20. Characteristics of process mud. Name and address Complied
of the cement manufacturing units to which process 100% red mud will be utilized for
mud is to be sold out along with letters obtained manufacturing of bricks or cement. The
from them showing their willingness to accept details of characterization of process
process mud. mud and letter for acceptance of red
mud utilization by a cement industry are
shown in Part- D of Annexure-VII.
21. Methodology of de-contamination and disposal of Complied
discarded containers and its record keeping. The discarded container will not have
any toxic compound and hence after
washing the containers will be recycled
within proposed project or will be sold to
authorized scrap dealers.
22. Copy of membership certificate of Common Complied
Environmental infrastructure like TSDF, if any to be The membership of TSDF is not required
obtained. as no waste will be disposed of through
TSDF.
23. A detailed EMP including the protection and Complied
mitigation measures for impact on human health The details of various aspects of
and environment as well as detailed environmental environment management are described
monitoring plan with respect to various parameters, in Chapter-9, under respective headings
environmental management cell proposed for covering all required details as given in
implementation & monitoring of EMP as well as TOR condition.
person responsible for the same. The EMP should
also include the concept of waste-minimization,
recycle/reuse/recover techniques, energy
conservation, and natural resource conservation.
Total capital cost and recurring cost//annum
earmarked for environment pollution control
measures.
24. Details of safety control measures proposed to Complied
mitigate the risks and hazards. The details safety and allied information
are described in Risk assessment report
as enclosed in Annexure V
25. Occupational health impacts on the workers and Complied

mitigation measures proposed to avoid the human The details of occupational health
health hazards along with the personal protective impacts on the worker and mitigation
equipment to be provided to the workers. measures proposed are described in
Chapter-4, Section-4.6 on Page 121-125
and Chapter-9 on page 185-187 as well
as risk assessment report as shown in
Annexure-V.
xi of xii
26. Details of work zone ambient air quality monitoring Complied
plan. Plan for pre-employment and periodic post The details of work zone ambient air
employment medical examinations of the workers quality monitoring plan are described in
exposed. Chapter-6, on Page 142.
27. Detailed risk assessment report including prediction Complied
of the worst-case scenario and maximum credible The details of Risk Assessment Study
accident scenario along with damage distances and are described in Chapter-7, on Page 147
preparedness plan to combat such situation and and Annexure-V.
risk mitigation measures.
28. Detailed greenbelt development plan as per CPCB Complied
guidelines giving details of number and types of The details of greenbelt development
trees to be planted, area of green belt marked on are described in Chapter-9 on Page 188-
the lay out plan, year wise schedule of green belt 189.
development and budgetary outlay should be
incorporated.
29. Detailed scheme for surface as well as roof top rain Complied
water harvesting and ground water recharge and to The details of rain water harvesting are
use the same water for the various activities of the described in Chapter-9, on Page 189-
project to conserve fresh water. 192.
30. Proposal for socio economic upliftment activities Complied
along with time bound action plan and cost should The details socioeconomic upliftment
be included. activities are described in Chapter-9 on
Page182-185
31. A tabular chart for the issues raised and addressed Will be Complied
during public hearing/consultation should be The details of Public hearing will be
provided included in EIA report as tabular details
in chapter 7, section 7.2 after completion
of Public hearing.
32. Details of scheme for surface as well as roof top Complied
rain water harvesting and ground water recharge The details of rain water harvesting &
should be included. probable recharging of groundwater are
described in Chapter-9, on Pg. 189-192.
33. An Action Plan for the implementation of the Complied
recommendations made in the CREP guidelines The proposed project is mineral
must be incorporated. beneficiation project and does not fall in
category of metallurgical industries. The
CREP is not provided in CPCB
guidelines for Mineral Beneficiation
Industries hence action plan is not
formulated.
34. Whether any litigation pending and I or any direction Complied
/ order passed by any Court of Law against the No litigation is pending.
company, if so, details thereof.
xii of xii

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

Proposed Project: Manufacturing of Special Grades Alumina
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
The mineral, Bauxite, is a rich source of alumina for making aluminium. The metal and its
alloys have become an integral part of modern, everyday life. Bauxite (and alumina) is also
used in refractory, cement, absorbents, steel, abrasives, rubber, plastic, cosmetics, paints,
paper, polishes, glass, enamel and ceramics. Bauxites are essentially aluminium hydroxides
and are formed by the decomposition and hydrolysis of aluminium-bearing silicates. World
bauxite resources are estimated to be 55 to 75 billion tonnes. Of this, recoverable reserves
are estimated to be around 25 billion metric tonnes. The largest recoverable reserves are in
Australia followed by Guinea, Brazil, Jamaica, and India. In 1997, mine production was
reported in 24 countries, and total world production amounted to about 123 million tonnes.
India is fortunate to have abundant reserves of bauxite – about 2.3 billion tonnes, which are
the fifth highest bauxite reserves in the world. Although India is richly endowed in
metallurgical grade bauxites, only 1% of the total recoverable reserves is of refractory grade
and 0.44% of chemical grade. India produced about 6.5 million tonnes of bauxite during
1998-99. Its internal consumption in the same period was estimated to be nearly 6.4 million
tonnes. The balance was exported. In the same period, however, the country is also reported
to have imported nearly 27,200 tonnes of calcined bauxite (value Rs. 14 crore app.) and
almost 10,000 tonnes of alumina (value app. Rs. 26.5 crore). About 85% of bauxite mined in
India is utilized for making alumina (used for manufacturing aluminium metal).
Since bauxite is a naturally occurring mineral, it has a number of impurities, like iron, silica,
Titanium, calcium, and small quantities of phosphorous, sulphur, zinc, magnesium and
various carbonate and silicate minerals. These impurities not only create quality problems,
but also increase production costs, besides causing environmental pollution. Therefore, they

UniStar Environment & Research Labs Pvt. Ltd. 1


have to be removed. There are two problems that make purification of bauxite difficult. Both
are closely related to one another, i.e., the wide and easy availability, and low price, of high
and medium grade bauxites, and the fine dispersion of iron oxides, kaolinitic clays, calcium,
and titanium minerals in the crystalline aggregates of marginal or sub marginal bauxite ores.
Most mines abroad subject their run of mine ore (ROM) to the mineral dressing operation
most suitable for their material. Crushing the ROM, usually in hammer mills, is an operation
practiced worldwide. Depending on the bauxite, and the quality/grade required, the next
stages are screening, scrubbing and washing, magnetic separation, and drying and calcining.
Magnetic separation to remove iron, however, is normally practiced in a limited way to
produce high value, special grade bauxites. At present, the production of bauxite in most
operative mines in India is not sufficiently high as to warrant a capital-intensive beneficiation
plant, which usually requires a large capacity to be really economical. Hence, ore dressing
efforts have been mainly confined to removal of silica by manual and/or mechanized
breaking, crushing, manual sorting and dry screening.
Research is being done in most bauxite producing countries to develop cheaper and
innovative bauxite beneficiation processes. The proponent- Alumina Refinery Ltd had
undergone a R&D program with the similar vision of development of innovative process
approach for bauxite beneficiation process for manufacturing of Alumina. Based on the
affirmative outcome of R&D for innovative process approach of alumina manufacturing,
proponent has decided to establish the Alumina manufacturing unit having bauxite
beneficiation process with many extensive technical modifications for conventional Bayer’s
process, which has been proven exceptionally best for significant reduction in the potential of
waste generation, minimization of water consumption & elimination of wastewater disposal,
extensive reduction of energy & fuel consumption through heat recovery & utilisation at
various stages.
Mining and beneficiation can have a variety of environmental effects. The most visible effect
will be disturbance of land and water regime due to waste disposal. The beneficiation



process also includes ore transport, ore handling, crushing etc. Consequently, the
environmental impacts of mineral beneficiation on the surroundings are considerable. Many
times, the beneficiation plants are located in the mine lease area. The magnitude of
environmental impacts in such cases is more significant and they will have add-on effects to
the existing environmental conditions. However, mineral beneficiation projects are
unavoidable because of commercial use of minerals/ores and their contribution to national
economy.
As mentioned in earlier paragraphs, mineral beneficiation is of great economic importance to

the mining industry and the country. The continual growth of infrastructure with rapid
industrialization, exploitation of minerals is likely to increase. The increasing demand of
minerals also promotes mineral beneficiation to upgrade the ore. Mineral beneficiation
methods commonly used are for coal, iron ore, asbestos, base metal sulphide ores, potash,
tungsten, uranium, gold, titanium and others. Their activities during the construction as well
as operational phases may create a wide range of impacts on the environment through
activities like crushing, ore handling, tailings management, utilities services etc. The potential
adverse effects of mineral beneficiation encompass water pollution of surface streams,
groundwater contamination, air pollution, noise pollution, change in drainage pattern etc. The
preparation of EIA report and implementation of EMP are essential to effectively manage
these adverse effects.
1.2 PROFILE OF PROPONENT

1.2.1 ABOUT PROPONENT
The company is recently announced private limited company governed by the board of
directors of three members having sound knowledge of mineral beneficiation especially of
alumina. The promoters has shout the company considering the demand of alumina in local
as well as international market, future of the business as well as their knowledge &
capabilities in the sector of alumina production & business. The company has been formed in
24th day of April month of year 2008.



The company has entered into Memorandum of Understanding with Gujarat Mineral
Development Corporation Ltd. during “Vibrant Gujarat Global Investors’ Summit 2009”. The
MoU has been done for setting up a unit of Speciality Aluminium Chemicals in association of
GMDC (as JV) for supply of Bauxite from mines in Kutch region. The approval of JV has
been received from board of directors of GMDC and further approval of JV from minister of
industries is under progress. The proponents of the company are entering jointly in the
manufacturing sector but have wide experience in business of alumina. Thus, looking the
potentials, skills, network of individual director, company is anticipating great business
responses from very inception of the manufacturing under the banner of Alumina Refinery
Ltd.
1.2.2 ABOUT PROMOTERS
The company is managed by board of Directors. The details of Directors are given below in Table No.
1.1
Table 1.1: Name & Address Of Directors
Sr. No. Name of Directors Address

1 Mr. Nitin Narbheram Patel 27, Shree Siddhi Ganesh CHS, Sector 2,
New Mumbai -400708
2 Mr. Nilesh Narbheram Patel 27, Shree Siddhi Ganesh CHS, Sector 2,
New Mumbai -400708
3 Mr. Nitesh Bhgwanji Hedpara 603, Gokul Apartment, Anand Nagar, Dahisar(E),
Mumbai
Sector specific experience of directors is shown below:
1. Nitin Patel: Acting as managing Director of Alumina Chemicals & Castables

since 2001. Handling some key departments such as product development,
market development, process optimizations, and cost reductions.
2. Nilesh Patel: Acted as Managing Director of Alumina Chemicals & Castables

from 1995 to 2001. Currently handling HR development, strategy analysis as a
Director
3. Nitesh Hedpara: Currently handling Finance and an independent director.



1.2.3 THE BUSINESS SECTOR:
Aluminium is abundantly present in the earth’s crust. The ore of the metal i.e. bauxite
generally occurs in the tropical and sub tropical areas of earth and is present in almost all
continents except Antarctica with the estimated deposits of 65 billion tons. Production of
aluminium from bauxite ore requires three stages i.e. mining of the ore, refining of the ore to
produce alumina and finally smelting of alumina into aluminium. To obtain 1 ton of metal, 2
tons of alumina is required and for producing 1 ton of alumina, 2-3 tons of bauxite is required.
Indian market for aluminium has expanded since a few years and is directing towards further
growth in coming years. Both public and the private sector are indulged in the production of
alumina and aluminium. With the change in time, Indian aluminium sector has observed
drastic changes. Indian production figure for this metal is around 0.8 million tons in a year.
That makes it the fifth largest producer of aluminium in the world. Even in alumina production
India has acquired 6th position in global market. India has 5% of the total bauxite deposits in
the world that can last for approximately 350 years with the present consumption rate. The
consumption of this metal is also on a rising trend with a figure of around 0.78 million tons
marked in 2007.
These all together have indicated considerable prospects & growth as well as high potential
of export business in Alumina sector. Considering these, Alumina Refinery Ltd. Has decided
to enter into the business of alumina manufacturing by setting up a plant in Bhuj district which
a prime resource centre of bauxite. The financial details as projection of financial aspects
along with the global market demand & supply and SWOT analysis have been presented in
Annexure-I for presentation of business prospects of proposed project.
1.3 PROPOSED PROJECT

1.3.1 ABOUT PROJECT
The Project Proposed here is a Specialty (Non Metallurgical) grade Alumina Plant with a
capacity of 25,000 Metric Tones of Alumina per annum. The plant location is proposed at
Villages : Kukma & Reladi Moti of Bhuj Taluka of Kutch district in Gujarat because of several



locational advantages in economics of operation. The important factor considered for site of
proposed project is the local government support to the industrial investment in region. The
proposed project will be a unique plant technology for significant benefits as mentioned
earlier. This Project will has an advantage of consuming less natural resources (i.e. Bauxite
& Fuel) because of its higher operational efficiencies and limited scale of operation. The
basic raw material-Bauxite is copiously available in Kutch region. The proposed project is first
of its kind in Gujarat which will considerably help in improvement in state’s economy.
Numerous benefits of the projects are described in the later chapter.
1.3.2 PROJECT SITE
The proponents have planned to install the facilities & develop the necessary infrastructures
& building for proposed project at Kukma Village with some land of Reladi Moti Village. The
proposed site is situated exactly at Survey No’s – 94/1, 94/2, Village:Kukma, Survey No’s –
100/1, 101/1, 105/4 , 106 ,107, & 110/2, Village -Reladi Moti, Taluka - Bhuj, Dist. Kutch.
The aforementioned site is situated near Bhuj Akashwani center and on the side of Bhuj-
Anjar State Highway. Further, the site is located at about 12 kms distance in East from Bhuj
City. The Bhuj city is situated in the western part of State-Gujarat near the well known desert
– “Great Ran of Kutch”. The villages of project site are situated in the central part of the Bhuj
district.
The selected site is falling under fellow land area and there is no major ecological or human
settlement in vicinity of the site. Hence, issue of R&R is not identified. Further, the site area is
devoid of any major water bodies (Stagnant or Dynamic) and the drainage patterns of the
area will not be affected due to the proposed activities.
The location of project site is shown in the subsequent figures illustrating the close satellite
view of selected site & “Map of Project Location”.



Figure-1.1: Map of Project Location
Figure-1.2: Satellite View of Project Site



1.3.3 NATURE & TYPE OF PROJECT
Considering the capital & size of the proposed project, the company falls under large scale
category. Further, the project is to developed in a undeveloped land in which there does not
exist any industrial unit and hence is categorised as Greenfield Project- New Project. Further,
as mentioned above, the proposed project is intended to operate for beneficiation processes
for upgrade/increase the metal (aluminium) concentration in the bauxite (ore/mineral). Hence,
considering the raw materials, process & products, the project is categorized as mineral
beneficiation unit. Thus as overall categorisation, proposed project can be defined as “Large
Scale Greenfield Mineral Beneficiation Unit”
1.3.4 PROPOSED PRODUCTS & CAPACITY
The company being a mineral beneficiation industry, especially for beneficiation of bauxite,
will have its production operations for various kind of refined alumina. The main product line
of the proposed project comprising four types of alumina is shown below in the tabular form.
Table 1.2: List Of Products & Capacity
Sr.No. Product Quantity

1 Alumina Trihydrate 1160 MT/Month
2 Activated Alumina 625 MT/Month
3 Calcined Alumina 42 MT/Month
4 Sodium Aluminate 300 MT/Month
1.4 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK & SO 1533

1.4.1 APPLICABLE ACTS & RULES
The mining & allied sector has separate set of legislations covering management,
conservation, grant and operation of mining leases etc. There are also separate legislations
for coal mines, nonferrous mines etc. In addition, there are environmental / forest regulations,
applicable to all types of mining activities have been prescribed by ministry of environment
and forests and CPCB. However, considering the nature, type and capacity of the proposed



project & operational requirement, some of the important legislations applicable are given
below:
9 The Mines Act, 1952 and rules there under
9 The Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 and rules there under
9 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and rules there under
9 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and rules there under
9 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and rules there under
9 The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1988 and rules there under
9 Explosive
9 MSIHC
9 Petroleum Act
9 Power
9 Factory Act
9 The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and rules there under
1.4.2 APPLICABILITY OF SO 1533
The company needs Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forest prior to
the commissioning of the proposed project. The proposed project involves manufacturing of
“(1) Alumina Trihydrate (2) Activated Alumina (3) Calcined Alumina (4) Sodium Aluminate ”
which falls under item no. 2(b) i.e. catogary B as per EIA Notification-2009.
1.5 TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA STUDY

As mentioned in section of applicability of SO1533, proponent had applied to SEAC,
Gandhinagar through Form-I & pre-feasibility Report for approval of the draft Tor for
conducting EIA study. The proposal of M/s. Alumina Refinery Ltd. for the proposed project
was considered by the SEAC in the scheduled meeting held on 4th June,2010 for prescribing
TORs for undertaking detailed EIA / EMP study. The Committee approved the draft TOR for
necessary actions & guidelines and has prescribed the TORs for undertaking detailed EIA



study vide letter no- “EIA-10-2009-680-E”, dtd.-11th June 2010. The details of TOR
prescribed by State level Expert Appraisal Committee, F&ED, Gandhinagar in form of a copy
of letter for TORs is illustrated earlier.
1.6 NEED & SCOPE OF EIA STUDY

1.6.1 NEED OF EIA STUDY
1.6.1.1 EIA Study:
As mentioned in earlier section of applicability of SO 1533, the proposed project being a

mineral beneficiation project falls under category 2(b). In case of Category ‘B’ projects or
activities, this stage entails the scrutiny of an application seeking prior environmental
clearance made in Form 1 by the concerned SEAC for determining whether or not the project
or activity requires further environmental studies for preparation of an Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) for its appraisal prior to the grant of environmental clearance depending
upon the nature and location specificity of the project. The projects requiring an
Environmental Impact Assessment report should be termed Category ‘B1’ and remaining
projects should be termed Category ‘B2’ and will not require an Environmental Impact
Assessment report. Considering these provisions of categorisation of project under B1 & B2,
SEAC, Gujarat has categorised the proposed project under B1 category. Hence, the EIA
study is conducted as is mandatory requirement as per SO 1533.
1.6.1.2 Public Participation:
“Public consultation” refers to the process by which the concerns of local affected persons
and others who have plausible stake in the environmental impacts of the project or activity
are ascertained with a view to taking into account all the material concerns in the project or
activity design as appropriate. All Category ‘A’ and Category ‘B1’ projects or activities should
undertake public consultation, except the projects or activities concerning national defence
and security or involving other strategic considerations as determined by the concern



authority and provision of SO 1533. The proposed project is Mineral beneficiation project and
falling under category 2(b) which is not in industrial area or estate. Hence, public hearing is
required to be conducted as per the guidelines of SO 1533.
1.6.2 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY:
Alumina Refinery Ltd. has retained M/s. Unistar Environment & Research Labs Pvt. Ltd,
Vapi as Environmental Consultants to carry out Rapid Environment Impact Assessment for
the project of upcoming Mineral beneficiation project at Reldi Moti & Kukama villages of
Bhuj Taluka, Kutch District. This document encompasses various baseline status of
environment, social and safety procedures, which serves as a basis for identification,
prediction and evaluation of impacts. Based on the impact prediction an attempt is made to
delineate a pragmatic mitigation and environment management plan.
The major objective of the present EIA study is to determine the change in impact due to
the project proposed. The present report is outcome of Rapid EIA conducted during
October -2010 to December-2010 as per awarded TORs by SEAC, Ghandhinagar,
Gujarat. The area of study is a radial coverage of 5 Km around the proposed site. While
deciding the scope of the EIA study, the awarded TOR as illustrated in Annexure-I has
been referred to comply with all conditions provided therein for EIA study. The scope of this
study is to receive approval of SEAC for Environmental Clearance. Besides, the report will
have scope of utilization for approval from other government authorities like GPCB.
The objectives of the present EIA conducted for the development of a proposed project are
to examine the following with respect to the TORs awarded by SEAC, Gandhinagar,
Gujarat:
¾ Collection & study of details regarding the activities, operations, processes, utilities, machineries,
equipments, and other materials & requisites related to construction and operation phase.
¾ Characterization and benchmarking of existing environmental status of a core study area

surrounding the project site.



¾ Carrying out Environmental monitoring and analysis for parameters like Air, Water, Marine, Noise,
Soil and Biological Environment.
¾ Collection of meteorological parameters like humidity, wind speed, wind direction, tidal effects,
etc.
¾ Identification of the probable environmental impacts due to the construction and operation of the
proposed project on the existing environmental parameters.
¾ Preparation of an environmental monitoring & management plan to minimize the adverse impacts
due to the project(s) and formulation of a post – operational monitoring scheme.
¾ Preparation of a Risk Assessment report as well as disaster management plan to meet the safety
and emergency requirements during probable hazards & disasters.
1.7 Approach & Methodology of EIA Study

The EIA study for the proposed project has been conducted with respect to the process cycle
of EIA as suggested by MoEF vide SO 1533 as well as provided in TGM issued by MoEF. The
summarised details of the EIA cycle followed during the study for proposed project is illustrated
below as various phases:
• Screening
• Scoping and consideration of alternatives
• Baseline data collection
• Impact prediction
• Assessment of alternatives, delineation of mitigation measures and environmental impact
statement
• Environment Management Plan
• Draft EIA submission & Public Hearing
• Draft EIA Review for finalization of Final EIA with incorporation of necessary details as well as
incorporation necessary details to address
• Application for EC/CRZ



Screening
Screening is done to see whether a project requires environmental clearance as per the
statutory notifications. Screening Criteria are based upon:
• Scales of investment;
• Type of development; and,
• Location of development.
A Project requires statutory environmental clearance only if the provisions of EIA notification
and/or one or more statutory notification cover the proposed Project.
Scoping
Scoping is a process of detailing the terms of reference of EIA. It has to be done by the
consultant in consultation with the project proponent and with reference to the guidance of
MoEF as well as if needed from Impact Assessment Agency.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests has published guidelines for different sectors, which
outline the significant issues to be addressed in the EIA studies. Quantifiable impacts are to be
assessed on the basis of magnitude, prevalence, frequency and duration and non-quantifiable
impacts significance is commonly determined through the socio-economic criteria. After the
areas, where the project could have significant impact, are identified, the baseline status of
these should be monitored and then the likely changes in these on account of the construction
and operation of the proposed project should be predicted.
Baseline Data
Baseline data describes the existing environmental status of the identified study area. The site-
specific primary data should be monitored for the identified parameters and supplemented by
secondary data if available.
Impact Prediction
Impact prediction is a way of ‘mapping’ the environmental consequences of the significant
aspects of the project and its alternatives. Environmental impact can never be predicted with



absolute certainty and this is all the more reason to consider all possible factors and take all
possible precautions for reducing the degree of uncertainty.
The following impacts of the project should be assessed:

9 Air
• Changes in ambient levels and ground level concentrations due to total emissions from point,
line and area sources
• Effects on soils, materials, vegetation, and human health
9 Noise
• Changes in ambient levels due to noise generated from equipment and movement of vehicles
• Effect on fauna and human health
9 Water
• Availability to competing users
• Changes in quality
• Sediment transport
• Ingress of saline water
9 Land
• Changes in land use and drainage pattern
• Changes in land quality including effects of waste disposal
• Changes in shoreline/riverbank and their stability
9 Biological
• Deforestation/tree-cutting and shrinkage of animal habitat.
• Impact on fauna and flora (including aquatic species if any) due to contaminants/pollutants
• Impact on rare and endangered species, endemic species, and migratory path/route of animals.
• Impact on breeding and nesting grounds
9 Socio-Economic
• Impact on the local community including demographic changes.
• Impact on economic status
• Impact on human health.
• Impact of increased traffic



Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Efficient mitigation plan should be drawn up for the selected option and is supplemented with
an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to guide the proponent towards environmental
improvements. The EMP is a crucial input to monitoring the clearance conditions and therefore
details of monitoring should be included in the EMP.
An EIA report should provide clear information to the decision-maker on the different
environmental scenarios without the project, with the project and with project alternatives.
Uncertainties should be clearly reflected in the EIA report.
Draft Report Submission & Public Hearing

Upon completion of the Impact assessment study with the above scope & objective, draft EIA
report shall be prepared for public hearing for proposed project. The draft EIA should be
reviewed at different level (From Coordinator to Technical Expert/FAEs) and then necessary
changes and modification shall be made for finalization of Draft EIA Report. After carefully
reviewing the whole EIA report special with reference to compliance of approved TORs,
submission shall be made to State Pollution Control Board for public hearing. The public
hearing shall be conducted in consultation of State Pollution Control Board and other
concerned authorities & organization as per the provisions of SO 1533 as amended timely.
Review of Draft EIA Report, Preparation of Final EIA Report & Application for EC:
The draft EIA report prepared for proposed project should be reviewed at different level (From
Coordinator to Technical Experts/FAEs) and then necessary changes and modification shall be
made for imperative version of EIA Report for submission/ further application. During this
stage, all necessary details to address the queries or suggestion raised in public hearing. After
carefully reviewing the all details and public hearing issues, the application is to be made for
Environmental Clearance of the proposed project.



1.8 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT

The report has been suitably structured covering various aspects like project description,
baseline conditions, environmental impacts, mitigation measures, environmental
management plan. The EIA report has been prepared chapter wise in accordance with
generic structure suggested by MoEF in EIA notification. The report of the EIA study for the
proposed projects has been prepared in the following structure.
Table: 1.3
Structure of EIA Report
S.NO EIA STRUCTURE CONTENTS

1 Introduction • Identification of project & project proponent
• Brief description of nature, size, location of the project
and its importance
• Scope of the study – details of regulatory scoping
carried out (As per Terms of Reference)
2 Project description Description of the project (based on project feasibility

study), Details are provided to give clear picture of the
following:
• Type & Need of project and Size or magnitude of
operation
• Maps showing Project Location, plant layout & study
area.
• Technology and process description
• Description of facilities, infrastructure, resource
requirement, pollution potentials & mitigation measures
implemented for control of pollution




3. Description of the • Study area & period, components & methodology of
Environment study
• Establishment of baseline for valued environmental
parameters, as identified in scope
• Base maps of necessary environmental
Components/Features
4. Anticipated • Details of Investigated Environmental impacts due to

Environmental Impacts & project establishment, possible accidents, project
Mitigation Measures design, regular operations, final commissioning of
project
• Measures for minimizing and / or offsetting adverse
impacts identified
• Assessment of significance of impacts (Criteria for
determining significance, Assigning significance)
• Mitigation measures
5. Alternative Studies • Alternative study for critical process technologies,

equipments & machineries
6. Environmental Monitoring • Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of

Program mitigation measures (incl. Measurement
methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis,
reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed
budget & procurement schedules)
7. Additional Studies • Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan

• Public Participation
8. Project Benefits • Improvements in the physical & social infrastructure

• Employment & Other tangible benefits




9 EMP • Description of the administrative & managerial aspects
of ensuring that mitigation measures are implemented
and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of the
EC, NOC and CC&A
10. Summary & Conclusion • Overall justification for implementation of the project
• Explanation of how, adverse effects have been
mitigated
11. Disclosure of Consultants • The introduction & description of the consultants

Engaged engaged and nature of consultancy rendered



CHAPTER 2:
DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
2.1 PROPOSED PROJECT

2.1.1 ABOUT PROJECT
The Alumina Refinery Limited has proposed a well equipped alumina manufacturing
production unit. The proponent has decided to setup the proposed project with modernised
plant having innovative process approaches through latest & modern technologies for
Bayer’s Process -the conventional & most accepted process for Alumina production. The
project product range is variety of Specialty (Non Metallurgical) grade Alumina with a
capacity of 25,000 MTPA. The plant is proposed to setup at Villages: Kukma & Reladi Moti of
Bhuj Taluka of Kutch district in Gujarat. This Project will has an advantage of consuming less
natural resources (i.e. Bauxite & Fuel) because of its higher operational efficiencies and
limited scale of operation. The basic raw material-Bauxite is copiously available in Kutch
region.
2.1.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA & SURROUNDING
The ideal location for an Alumina Plant in Gujarat is in Kutch. Here it is proposed project to
set up a plant in Village: Kukma & Reladi Moti of Bhuj Taluka of Kultch on Bhuj-Anjar
Highway.
The suitability of Bauxite for any Alumina plant is the most critical factor taken into
consideration. Logistics i.e. proximity of bauxite to the plant involves the major cost
component for any Alumina plant. Fuel is the second most weighted factor as far as cost of
production is concerned. The Following are the reason, which favours the selection of
location.

Unistar Environment & Research Labs Pvt. Ltd. 19


• Availability of plant grade Bauxite in range of 100-150 Km

• Proximity of Kandla port (45Km), Adani’s Mundra port (55 Km), Bhuj AirPort(15 Km)
Kandla Air Port(40 Km) and residential township of Bhuj (15 Km)
• Proximity of various educational institutes situated at Bhuj(15 Km)and also hospital
and health care institute at Bhuj for employees family.
Considering the above criteria for suitability of area for proposed project, the proponents
have planned to install the facilities & develop the necessary infrastructures & building for
proposed project at Survey No’s – 94/1&2 of Kukma and Survey No’s 100/1, 101/1, 105/4,
106,107, & 110/2 of Reladi Moti, Bhuj, Dist. Kutch, Gujarat.
The selected site is situated near Bhuj Akashwani Center and on the side of Bhuj-Anjar State
Highway. Further, the site is located at about 12 kms distance in East from Bhuj City. The
villages of project site are situated in the central part of the Bhuj district and in the western
part of State-Gujarat near the well known desert – “Great Ran of Kutch”
The selected site is falling under fellow land area and there is no major ecological or human
settlement in vicinity of the site. Considerable agricultural land is observed in surrounding
area of project site but the soil fertility, water availability and climatic conditions have
restricted the cropping practice to seasonal farming. Majority of land around site remains
uncultivated throughout the year. Further, it has also noticed that many farmers have
developed water harvesting & storage system in their farm to meet the rain water harvesting.
A seasonal river and some streams in the project area (5 kms) flows in monsoon from South
to North of the area. In the west direction of the project site, some industries have
established their units. These industrial units serve as main income resources for many local
people. In the project area, significant land is noticed to be wasteland (open barren and
rocky). The cartographic map on satellite image for the project area showing important
geographic features and water resources as well as site boundary & villages of study area is
shown in the subsequent figures.



Figure-2.1: Cartographic Map of Project Area (5 Km Area) on Satellite Image



2.1.3 PROPOSED PRODUCTS & CAPACITY
The company being a mineral beneficiation industry, especially for beneficiation of bauxite,
will have its production operations for various kind of refined alumina. The main product line
of the proposed project comprising four types of alumina is shown below in the tabular form
along with the production capacity proposed as monthly and annual quantity.
Table 2.1: Proposed Products & Capacity

Sr. No. Product Production Capacity
1 Alumina Trihydrate 1160 Ton/Month 13920 Ton/Annum
2 Activated Alumina 625 Ton/Month 7500 Ton/Annum
3 Calcined Alumina 42 Ton/Month 504 Ton/Annum
4 Sodium Aluminate 300 Ton/Month 3600 Ton/Annum
Total Deferent Grade of Alumina 2127 Ton/Month 25524 Ton/Annum
Note: The production capacity is proposed based on peak production figures for monthly operation and aggregate annual capacity.
2.2 RESOURCE REQUIREMENT

Considering the capital & size of the proposed project, the company falls under large scale
category. Further, the project is to developed in a undeveloped land in which there does not
exist any industrial unit and hence is categorised as Greenfield Project- New Project. Further,
as mentioned above, the proposed project is intended to operate for beneficiation processes
for upgrade/increase the metal (aluminium) concentration in the bauxite (ore/mineral). Hence,
considering the raw materials, process & products, the project is categorized as mineral
beneficiation unit. Thus as overall categorisation, proposed project can be defined as “Large
Scale Greenfield Mineral Beneficiation Unit”
2.2.1 CAPITAL
Land, Building, Plant & Machinery, Pipeline & Fittings, Electrical Installation, Safety systems,
etc. are the major heads considered in the Capital Cost Projection for the proposed project.
Environment Protection is also been considered in planning the Cost Projection, which will



include ETP, Green belt development, monitoring measures, etc. The project cost for
proposed project is given in subsequent table.
Table 2.2: Capital Cost Projection
Sr. Purpose Total Cost

No. (Rs. In Lacs.)
1. Land 50.00
2. Land Development 75.00
3. Factory Shed, Office Building, Security Cabin etc. 100.00
4. Electrical Installation 50.00
5. Machinery 2000.00
6. Auxiliary Equipments 100.00
7. Technical, Detailed Engineering, Erection & Commissioning 50.00
8. Water & Effluent Disposal System 20.00
9. Preliminary Expenses-Financial & Commercial 20.00
10. Pre-Operative Expenses 10.00
11. Contingencies 240.00
12 Working Capital 140.00
TOTAL 2855.00
2.2.2 LAND & INFRASTRUCTURE
The total plot area of the unit is 160358.00 m2, out of which Green belt area comprises of
33.62% of the total area. The total land to be used for construction is about 22337.00m2. The
details breakup of land requirement is as given below. The layout of project site is given in
subsequent figure under respective heading.
Table 2.3: Area Statement
Sr. No. Description Area (in m2)

1 Constructed area 22,337.00
2 Green Belt Development 53,950.00
3 Parking Area & Internal Road 25893.00
4 Rainwater harvesting Pond 3,809.00
5 Open Area 54,404.00
TOTAL LAND AREA 1,60,358.00



Figure-2.2: Layout of Project Site



2.2.3 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Construction of building will be carried out for plant, utilities and office purposes. Majority of
the construction materials for the proposed project will be procured from local traders. The
details of required infrastructure & construction are shown as layout of project site as given in
above figure of site layout.
Table 2.4: Requirement of Construction Materials
Sr. No. Particulars Quantity

1. Cement 60000 Bags
2. Steel 1200 MT
3. Sand 3375 m3
4. Bricks 10 Lakhs Nos
5. Metal/Kapchi 6375 m3
2.2.4 WATER
The process of alumina extraction from Bauxite requires of water at different stages. The
total industrial & utility requirement of water is estimated to be 58 KLD. About 40 KLD water
will be required for irrigation of garden & greenbelt area. The domestic activities will require
about 2 KLD freshwater. Hence, the total fresh water requirement of the proposed project is
estimated to be 100 KLD. The water for proposed project would be sourced from M/s.
Gujarat Water Infrastructure Ltd. from the pipe line laid down by Sardar Sarovar Narmada
Nigam Ltd. Alternatively rain water harvesting and water supplied by local tankers (only for
emergency supply). The details of water consumption as breakup are presented below.
Table 2.5: Water Consumption

Sr. No. Particular Quantity, KLD
1 Industrial : Process Makeup 50
2. Industrial: Boiler & Washing etc. 8
3. Domestic 2
4. Irrigation: Gardening & Greenbelt 40
TOTAL 100



2.2.5 POWER & FUEL
Initially it is proposed to utilize the power from Gujarat State Electricity Board. The total
requirement of power is estimated to be 1.9 Mega Watt.
The primary fuel for the process heating will be lignite and LSHS but to switch to cleaner fuel
option company has planned to install dual fired utilities so that up on availability of cleaner
fuel like LNG/NG can be used to operate the utilities. Lignite is proposed as fuel for hot air
generator for digestion and Boiler for steam generation. The calciner will be operated using
LSHS.
Since the process is of continuous type and any disruption in power could cause loss in
terms of quality of product and heat from the process, it is also proposed to install two power
generating sets of 250 KVA capacity to run on HSD/LDO. One DG set will be standby and
other DG set will be used only during the failure of power supply from local grid/electricity
department. The Fuel and power requirement is as given below in Table No.2.6.
Table 2.6: Fuel & Power Requirement
Sr. No. Particular Quantity Source & Transportation

1 Energy – Electricity 1.9 Mega Watt PGVCL through local grid /HT lines
2 Lignite 80 Ton/Day GMDC Mines in Kutchh in covered truck through Road (SH & NH)
IOCL /RIL / HPCL directly or through local dealers/distributor in
3 LSHS /Furnace Oil 8000 Kg/Day
tanker through Road (SH & NH)
IOCL /RIL / HPCL through local dealers/distributor in drums in
4 HSD 60 Lit/Hr.
truck through Roads
2.2.6 HUMAN RESOURCE
It is proposed that approximately approx. 91 persons will be employed in the proposed plant
ranging from Skilled to, un/semi Skilled, technical, Semi Skilled labour etc. The man power
required for the project will be employed locally. Apart from the above given details, there
would be 1 whole time director or the CEO and 2 non-executive directors on the board. The
details of human resource planning for various departments & activities of proposed project



along with necessary budgetary provisions for Salary & wages for human resources are
presented in Annexure – II.
2.2.7 RAW MATERIALS
The Plant as discussed earlier is an mineral extraction plant hence it is dependent on the ore,
fuel, additives and other chemicals required in the process. Raw material is going to be the
most relevant advantage of this plan, as 95% of the Raw Material is to be sourced from the
same state and from within a distance of 100 Kms. The details of raw materials are given in
following Table.
Table 2.7: Details of Raw Materials
Sr. No. Name Consumption Storage Source Transport
1 Bauxite 6500 TPM Open land area GMDC Mines By road,
2 Sodium 160 TPM Storage yard DCW (Dhranghadhra) / Gujarat covered
Hydroxide Alkali (Dahej) / TATA (Mithapur) trucks in
3 Lime 100 TPM Storage Yard Trader or Near By Mine suitable
4 Flocculent 1.5 TPM Storage Yard Industrial Traders pack
2.2.8 MACHINERIES, EQUIPMENT & TECHNOLOGIES
The following is the list of critical machinery involved in manufacture / extraction of Alumina.
1) Producer Gas Plant 7) Desilication Tanks
2) Rotary Crushers 8) Disc / Drum Filters
3) Ribbon Mixtures 9) Decomposition Tanks
4) Rotary Digesters 10) Precipitating Stirrers
5) Boiler 11) Evaporator
6) Leaching Tanks 12) Calciner (Rotary Kiln)
Apart from the above critical machinery, following are some of the Auxiliary equipments
needed.
13) Pumps 17) Individual Electronic Control System (PLC)
14) Pipes & fittings (Process) 18) Central Electronic Plant Operation System
15) Pipes & Pumps for water supply (DCS)
16) Pipes & Coils for steam supply
The PID of the proposed unit is presented below illustrating the schematic arrangements of
the critical & auxiliary machineries & equipment.



Figure 2.3: PID for Proposed Process



2.3 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

2.3.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Manufacturing process is very simple and widely accepted process of alumina production by
purification of Bauxite. The process is very well known as Bayer’s Process. In the process,
initially raw material- Bauxite and caustic soda are added in the digestion tank. Steam is
applied to the reactor for keeping temperature & pressure at desired level considering the
quality of Bauxite. After the digestion process, the digested mother liquor is sent to de-
silication/clarifier unit
In the mother liquor entered in to the de-silication/clarifier unit, lime stone & flocculent are
added in where they are mixed properly then goes to Filter Press for the filtration process.
The residue from filter press as solid mud is generated. This solid mud is known as Red-
mud, which is collected, stored and then sold out to Cement Companies for their further use
in manufacturing of Cement.
From the Filter Press, mother liquor goes to precipitation tank. At this point liquid filtered out
from the filter press is Sodium Aluminate and same is recovered as a Product. The excess
Sodium Aluminate recovered after recovery of product (Sodium Aluminate) is then sent to
Primary & Secondary Precipitation tank for Precipitation where Sodium Aluminate is
precipitated to Alumina Trihydrate and resultant liquid is Sodium complex liquid, this
combination is filtered in the filter press resulting Alumina Trihydrate as a product is
recovered and surplus liquid is recycled.
This Alumina Trihydrate extracted as above is further calcined at 1100º C and the resultant
product is Calcined Alumina or Aluminium Oxide. If Calcination is done at 500º C we get
intermediate transition Alumina which is called Activated Alumina which is then pelletized and
the product is called as Activated Alumina Balls.
The whole process involves the following major reaction chemistry.



Al2O3(Solid)+2NaOH(aqueous)+H2O(liquid) Æ 2Na[Al(OH)4] (aqueous)

Na[Al(OH)4] (aqueous) ÆAl(OH)3 (Solid) + NaOH (aqueous)
2Al(OH)3Æ Al2O3(Solid)+ 3H2O(Vapour)
2.3.2 MATERIAL BALANCE
The typical Bayer process requires 300 Tons of Bauxite for production of 140 Ton Alumina
Tri-hydrate & 99 Ton of Calcined Alumina. The other materials required for same production
capacity are Lime (4.5T), Caustic Soda (8T). The by-product/waste is generated from the
process for 100 Ton products is about 150 Ton. For optimisation of product recover &
efficiency, flocculent is added in the desilication process. The caustic solution and other
spent liquid are recycled back in the process. The material balance of the Bayer process of
alumina production has been presented in graphical form in the following figure.
Fig. 2.4 Process Flow & Mass-Balance Diagram



2.4 POLLUTION POTENTIALS & MITIGATION MEASURES

As mentioned earlier, the proposed project is a mineral beneficiation project and hence
having potential of impacts on environment mainly due to emission and solid waste
generation (mainly Red Mud). Impacts on water resources are also envisaged due to
consumption as well as contamination due to seepage & percolation of contaminated
leachate from Red Mud Disposal area. Considering the general impacts of Alumina refinery
project, proponent has planned many pollution control measures with consideration of
necessary mitigation measures for anticipated environmental impacts of the proposed project
to safe guard the environmental condition of the project area. The anticipated impacts &
mitigation measures considered and planned at stage of Project planning are described
below.
2.4.1 WATER & WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
Water will be required mainly for makeup against losses due to evaporation & steam loss in
process & cooling, loss of water as moisture in red mud as well as domestic activities &
irrigation of greenbelt. Minor quantity of water will also be required for miscellaneous
industrial uses like washing. The total water consumption will be about 100 KLD. Thus it is
anticipated that industrial effluent generation will be mainly due to blow down/bleed off from
boiler & cooling tower and washing. There will not be any other effluent from process as all
other water used in process will be recycled as mother liquor for next batch of process. The
effluent from cooling & boiler will be reused for industrial purpose as makeup for process.
Alternatively, the effluent from the boiler & cooling tower blow down will be used for irrigation
of greenbelt & garden after necessary treatment. Besides, the sewage generation is also
expected from domestic activities of employee. The waste water generated from domestic is
disposed off through adequate soak pit and septic tank.
The category wise bifurcation of the wastewater generation after proposed project is given
below in Table no. 2.8.



Table 2.8: Wastewater Generation (in KLD)

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Method of disposal
1. Domestic 1.50 To Soak pit/ Septic tank
2. Process (Mother Liquor) 842.00 Recycled back in the process
3. Boiler Blow down 1.00
The water balance diagram for the proposed project considering the installed capacity of 100
TPD is presented below.
Fig. 2.5 Water Balance Diagram
The characteristics of waste water generated from boiler blow down are given below table.
Table 2.9: Characteristics of Raw Effluent (Boiler Blow Down)
Sr. No. Parameter Range

1. pH 7
2. SS 80
3. TDS 1700
4. COD 65
5. BOD 20
Note: All above values in mg/lit except pH or where specified.



2.4.2 EMISSIONS & AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
The proposed project of alumina refinery will have considerable impact on the air quality of
the project area. However, considering the size of the alumina refinery project, the impacts of
emissions will not be perilous if necessary mitigation measures & emission control measures
are provided. The project will mainly lead to dust generation from both point source as well
as non-point sources and will also increase the SOx emissions. The probable sources of
emission identified for planning of mitigation & pollution control measures at project planning
stage are as below.
Table 2.10: Emission Type, Sources & Control Measures
Particular / Potential pollutants & Air Pollution Control Devices

Source
Causes of Emission quality of final emission & Stack
FUGITIVE EMISSION
Lime, Bauxite & Lignite Handling/Storage PM/Fugitive Dust:38 kg/DA. Closed/Covered Storage
Storage/Handling Quantity: (Approx @ 0.01%) Area
Bauxite: 300 Tons/Day B. Water Sprinkler
Lime: 4 Tons/Day C. Adequate moisture
Lignite: 80 Tons/Day management
D. Minimum possible storage
Red Mud & Ash Handlin Quantity: PM/Fugitive Dust:1.85 kg/D A. Covered concrete Storage
Disposal & Storage Red Mud: 150 Tons/Day (Approx @ 0.001%) Area will prevent fugitive
Ash: 35 Tons/Day Max outside storage area
(Including Fly ash & Bottom B. Water Sprinkler
ash) C. Adequate moisture
management
D. Timely utilisation/sell to
avoid bulk in storage area
In-house Fly Ash/Red Use of fly ash & red mud as PM/Fugitive Dust: A. closed shed operation Area
Mud Processing Unit required timely (Approx 0.005% max of B. Adequate facilities &
(Bricks Mfg.) handled) operations for handling &
transportation
STATIONARY EMISSIONS
Steam Boiler ( Nos): 1 Capacity: PM <150 mg/Nm3 A. High efficiency Ceramic
2 Nos. x 6 Ton/hour SO2 < 100 ppm @15% Candle Filters
Fuel: excess oxygen B. Internal Baffles in Hot Air
Lignite- 40TPD (2 x 20TPD) NOx < 50 ppm @15% generator
excess oxygen A. Individual stacks (2 Nos.) of
30 mt height from G.L & 0.6
mt. Internal diameter@ top



D.G. Sets ( Nos) : 2 Capacity: PM <100 mg/Nm3 A. Low NOx burner

250 KVA each SO2 < 50 ppm @15% B. Stack of 11 meter height
Fuel: excess oxygen from G.L & 0.2 mt Internal
HSD -30 Lit/hr each NOx < 50 ppm @15% Dia. at top
excess oxygen
Hot Air Generator Capacity: 12000 m3/hr PM <150 mg/Nm3 C. High efficiency Ceramic
(HAG) SO2 < 100 ppm @15% Candle Filters
Fuel: excess oxygen D. Internal Baffles in Hot Air
Lignite- 40TPD NOx < 50 ppm @15% generator
excess oxygen E. Stack of 45 mt height from
G.L &1 mt. Internal
diameter@ top
Rotary Kiln/ Calciner Capacity: 100 TPD PM <150 mg/Nm3 A. Low NOx burner
SO2 < 100 ppm @15% B. Stack of 30 meter height
Fuel: excess oxygen from G.L. &1 mt. Internal
LSHS - 8000 Kg/Day NOx < 50 ppm @15% diameter@ top
excess oxygen
2.4.3 NOISE GENERATION & CONTROL
There will be no major noise generating activities due to proposed project. The D.G. Sets will
be provided with acoustic enclosure. The company has been planned to use efficient
acoustic systems along with regular maintenance of equipments to minimize the noise
generated by the equipments.
2.4.4 SOLID/HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION & MANAGEMENT
As revealed from the mass balance data of process and other allied activities of the proposed
project, solid/hazardous wastes are expected mainly from the manufacturing process at
stage of first filter press after digestion & de-silication process. The waste is identified as very
well know terms Red Mud, which is the main waste from the proposed project. Beside of the
Red Mud, other hazardous wastes are expected in form of used oil & empty
drums/containers. The details of the wastes along with its generation quantity, storage,
handling and mode of disposal are presented below in tabular form.



Table 2.11: Details of Solid & Hazardous Waste Generation & Disposal
Types of Waste Source of Generation
Storage Method Method of Disposal
& Category Generation Quantity
Red Mud from From Collection 150 TPD Collected manually/ Use for manufacturing of
Collection Tank Tank mechanically & stored brick or will be sold to
in designated Red Cement Company for
Mud storage area Cement Manufacturing.
Fly & Bottom From HAG & 35 TPD
(Lined RCC Pit)
Ash Boiler and
Ceramic Candle
Filters
Used oil From gear box 2 KL/Month Collected manually & Re-used in the Lubrication
(5.1) and D.G. Sets stored in designated within factory and
hazardous waste remainder to be sold to
storage area (Used oil authorised recycler.
Empty drums From Various 10 Nos./Month to be stored in drums) Will be sold to authorised
(33.3) catalyst used in recycler after necessary
the process De-contamination.
2.4.5 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE & HANDLING
As indicated in earlier sections of raw materials & fuel, proposed project would require
Bauxite, Caustic (Sodium Hydroxide), Flocculent, Lime, HSD & LSHS as well as Lignite. Out
of these materials Caustic (Sodium Hydroxide), HSD & LSHS are included in MSIHC
Rules,1988 as amended thereafter. The details of the properties, hazards, storage &
handling method & storage quantity of the materials along with the applicability of the MSIHC
Rules is shown in subsequent paragraphs.
A. Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide): Included in Schedule-II of MSIHC Rules

Project Requirement : 8 TPD
Maximum Storage : 100 Tons
Storage : In Raw Materials Storage area in Bags/Drum
Transportation : By trucks in Bags/Drum from Local/nearest Supplier/Manufacturer
CAS No. : 1310-73-2
Material Properties:
Physical Description : Colourless to White odourless hygroscopic solid



Chemical Formula : NaOH

Molecular Weight : 40
Specific Gravity : 2.13
Melting Point : 605 F
Boiling point : 2534 F
Solubility (in water) : 111%
Other description : Non-combustible Solid, but when in contact with water may generate
Sufficient heat to ignite combustible materials coming in contact
Incompatibility & Reactivity: Water; acids; flammable liquids; organic halogens; metals;
nitromethane, Corrosive to metals
Hazards/Risk & Safety Measures:
Occupational Exposure Limits:
TWA: 2 mg/m3 IDLH: 10 mg/m3 TLV: 2 mg/m³ (Ceiling value)
Fire:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Not combustible. Contact with moisture or water may generate sufficient
heat to ignite combustible materials.
Prevention: No contact with water.
First Aid/Fire Fighting: In case of fire: Use appropriate extinguishing media.
Explosion:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Risk of fire and explosion on contact with metal & ammonia
Prevention: No contact with incompatible materials
Exposure
I. Inhalation:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Cough, sore throat, burning sensation and shortness of breath.
Prevention: Local exhaust or breathing protection.
First Aid/Fire Fighting: Fresh air, rest. Refer immediately for medical attention.
II. Skin:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Redness, pain, serious skin burns and blisters.
Prevention: Protective gloves and protective clothing.
First Aid/ Fire Fighting: Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower for
at least 15 minutes. Refer immediately for medical attention.
III. Eyes:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Redness, pain, blurred vision, severe burns



Prevention: Face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

First Aid/ Fire Fighting: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if
easily possible), then take to a doctor.
IV. Ingestion:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Abdominal pain, burns in mouth and throat, burning sensation in the throat
and chest, nausea, vomiting and shock / collapse.
Prevention: Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work.
First Aid/ Fire Fighting: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. If within a few minutes after ingestion,
one small glass of water may be given to drink. Refer immediately for medical attention.
B. HSD: Included in Schedule-I of MSIHC Rules

Project Requirement : 60 Litres /Hr. (Max.)
Maximum Storage : 1200 Litres (6 Nos barrels of 200 lit storage capacity)
Storage : In barrels in Storage room near DG Set area
Transportation : By trucks in barrels or from Local/nearest Supplier/Distributor
CAS No. : 68476-30-2
Physical Description : Flammable, Yellowish Brown Liquid with perceptible odour
Chemical Formula : C13 –C18 (Widely accepted Avg. C12H23, ranging from C10H20- C15H28)
Molecular Weight : NA (Approximate Avg. 233)
Boiling point : 215-376 ºC
Auto Ignition Temp. : 225ºC
Flash Point : 35 ºC (Able) to 66ºC (Pensky Martens Closed cup)
Pour Point : 6-18ºC
LEL : 0.6%
UEL : 6%
Vapour Pressure : 2.12 to 26 mmHg @21 ºC
Specific Gravity : 0.86-0.90 @20 ºC
Solubility : Insoluble
Incompatibility & Reactivity: Oxidizers
Occupational Exposure Limits:
TWA: Not Available IDLH: Not Available, TLV: 800 ppm LD50: >5kg/kg (Rat) LC50: 5 g/m3



Fire:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Flammable Liquid
Prevention: No open flames, No spark & No ignition source, u/g storage tank
Fire Fighting: Shut off leak, if safe to do so. Eliminate ignition source from site, Let the fire burn itself
out if fire fighting is not possible and no risk to surrounding; in other cases extinguish with
Foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide. Water can be used only for cooling of fire-
exposed containers not for extinguish fire.
Explosion:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Vapour / Air mixture due to fire is explosive
Prevention: Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent
build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). Use non-sparking hand tools. u/g
storage tank
Fire Fighting: Keep container cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position using
suitable fire extinguishers as mentioned above.
Exposure
I. Inhalation:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Drowsiness. Unconsciousness
Prevention: Closed system & ventilation
First Aid: Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.
II. Skin:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Irritation.
Prevention: Cold-insulating gloves and protective clothing
First Aid: Rinse with plenty of water, remove contaminated clothes. Refer for medical attention.
III. Eyes:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Eye Irritation
Prevention: Face shield or safety goggles
First Aid: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible),
then take to a doctor.
III. Ingestion:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: -
Prevention: --
First Aid: Give water to drink to conscious victim. Do not induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention



C. LSHS: Included in Schedule-I of MSIHC Rules

Project Requirement : 8TPD
Maximum Storage : 100 Tons (In 2 x 50 KL o/g Storage Tank)
Storage : In o/g storage tank in isolated area as per regulatory requirement.
Transportation : By tanker from Local/nearest Supplier/Distributor
CAS No. : Not Available
Physical Description : Flammable, Pale-yellow to brown liquid with specific odour.
Chemical Formula : Not available
Molecular Weight : Not available
Pour point : <27ºC
Boiling point : 215-225ºC
Auto Ignition Temp. : 260-298ºC
Flash Point : 75-78 ºC
LEL : 6%
UEL : 13.5%
Vapour Pressure : 2.12-26
Density : 0.92-0.98 gm/cm3@15ºC
Solubility : About 5 mg/lit in water
Incompatibility & Reactivity: Oxidizers
Occupational Exposure Limits: Not available
Fire:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Flammable Liquid
Prevention: No open flames, No spark & No ignition source, u/g storage tank
Fire Fighting: Shut off leak, if safe to do so. Eliminate ignition source from site, Let the fire burn itself
out if fire fighting is not possible and no risk to surrounding; in other cases extinguish with
Foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide. Water can be used only for cooling of fire-
exposed containers not for extinguish fire.
Explosion:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Vapour / Air mixture due to fire is explosive
Prevention: Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent
build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding). Use non-sparking hand tools. u/g
storage tank



Fire Fighting: Keep container cool by spraying with water. Combat fire from a sheltered position using
suitable fire extinguishers as mentioned above.
Exposure
I. Inhalation:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Drowsiness. Unconsciousness
Prevention: Closed system & ventilation
First Aid: Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.
II. Skin:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Irritation.
Prevention: Cold-insulating gloves and protective clothing
First Aid: Rinse with plenty of water, remove contaminated clothes. Refer for medical attention.
III. Eyes:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: Eye Irritation
Prevention: Face shield or safety goggles
First Aid: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible),
then take to a doctor.
III. Ingestion:
Acute Hazards/Symptoms: -
Prevention: --
First Aid: Give water to drink to conscious victim. Do not induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention
2.4.6 OCCUPATION HEALTH & SAFETY
As mentioned earlier, three hazardous substances as per MSIHC will be required for
proposed project. Considering this company has undergone pre-project Risk assessment
study along with the EIA study. Necessary control, preventive, precautionary measures for
occupation health & safety will be implemented as suggested in Risk assessment study.
The company will strive to be model of management of Health Safety and Environment
manager in the region. Some of the general occupational health & safety measures are
already planned and are mentioned below.



¾ All machineries, equipments and allied requisites will be selected & purchased according to IS
and other safety recommendations to ensure safety as well as safe work condition in the
proposed project premises.
¾ All necessary safeguards/safety measures will be provided as per suggestion of technologies,
machinery, equipment suppliers.
¾ Safe work procedures for equipments, machinery and requisites will be acquired from supplier
and after necessary changes, such safe work procedures will be made available to all concern
employees.
¾ HSE Policy will be formulated with Vision, Commitment and Objectives, for HSE.
¾ HSE Policy will be displayed at various spots of the industrial premises of proposed project and a
copy of same in regional languages will also be given to all employees.
¾ HSE objectives & targets will be reviewed from time to time and necessary change for continuous
improvement in HSE operations will be made.
¾ Safety plan & safety procedures will be prepared based on the result of ongoing Risk Assessment
and Safety Audits to be conducted annually after commissioning of proposed project.
¾ Trained & experienced safety auditors will be appointed to carry out annual safety audit and
safety inspection.
¾ Training need assessment will be done during the audit & inspection activities and necessary
proactive & reactive safety training programs will be conducted for all level of employees by
expert trainers in the field of EHS.
¾ Information & details for HSE by various ways like safety meeting, daily rack up meeting, e-mail,
safety leaflets, notice boards, posters etc will be communicated to all employees.
¾ Safe Work Permit system for all non-routine jobs based on risk assessment will be developed &
implemented.
¾ Fire fighting system with necessary equipments & facilities will be implemented and maintained.
¾ Inspection/investigations for accidents, incidents, near misses for designing & implementation of
corrective and preventive measures will be done on regular basis.
¾ EHS department with health Centre will be provided and will be kept always in function for 24
hours.
¾ Regular health check-up of all employees will be carried out & record of employee health checkup
will be kept on regular basis.



¾ Pre-employment and post-employment periodical medical checkup of all employees including

contractor’s employees will be carried out.
¾ Necessary workplace monitoring will be done to ensure safe work environment in all plant area as
well as other buildings/areas to ensure highest level of occupational health & safety.
2.4.7 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT & RAINWATER HARVESTING
The company has acquired 160358.00 m2 land for proposed project. The total built-up area
will be around 22337.00 m2 and 3809.00 m2 area will be used for rainwater harvesting pond.
About 25893.00 m2 land will be provided for parking and 54,404.00 m2 land will be kept open.
Considering the plant layout design, the proponent has decided to develop considerable
green cover within the premises of proposed project. Plantation in and around the premises
will be done including the road side, periphery of site, around plant and other open area as
well as around the parking area. Thus company has planned to provide greenbelt in total
around 37,000 m2 land area within premises including road side & peripheral plantations as
well as plantation around plant & parking area. A lot of about 31,000 m2 is already available
as designated greenbelt as proponent has decided to keep the existing permanent plantation
as greenbelt area. The additional greenbelt will be developed by selecting indigenous
species in consultation with local forest department, horticulture experts & other local
organizations having skill & knowledge in field.
Beside of the greenbelt, company has also planned to implement rainwater harvesting
program. For probable rainwater harvesting potential, suggestion & estimations made in EMP
in the EIA will be taken as primary study details. Based on these, necessary feasibility study
for rainwater harvesting will be carried out in consultation with experts in the field. All
necessary facilities and resources required for the rainwater harvesting will be provide by the
company. At primary stage of project planning, company has given priority to rainwater
harvesting in designing of the building of proposed project to enable roof top as well as
paved area rainwater harvesting. Necessary requirements & suggestion for same has been
conveyed with interest of rainwater harvesting to the architect engaged in designing of
proposed plant.



2.4.8 ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH & SAFETY (EHS) MANAGEMENT CELL
The company proposes a cell for Environment, Health & Safety to implement and observe
the measures related to the same. We propose to form a cell in order to keep a close watch
on the performance of the pollution control equipment, emissions from the sources and the
quality of surrounding environment in accordance with the monitoring program. The proposed
cell will be also including the safety cell for observing, inspecting & regulating the safety
measures inside the plant campus. The cell will be also responsible for maintaining the
records of all data, documents and information in line within the legislative requirement and
will regularly furnish the same to the relevant authorities. The conceptual organogram is
shown below.
Fig. 2.6: EHS Cell



CHAPTER 3:
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 BASELINE STUDY
The baseline environmental study is the essential most task of the Environmental impact
assessment study for any anthropogenic activity. Prevailing environmental condition serves
as an essential tool to determine the extent of impacts to be caused by the proposed activity.
Any anthropogenic activity causes variety of impacts and results in deviation of the prevailing
environmental quality. For the purpose, it is very important to determine the quality of the
environment prior to assessment of extent & potential of environmental impacts. After
determination the prediction or evaluation of deviation in environmental quality becomes
efficient & most reliable. Therefore the task of evaluation of environmental quality prevailing
in the project area prior to assessment of impacts shall be conducted. The study shall be
conducted for all environmental regimes like air, water, noise, land use & land cover, soil
quality, ecology, socioeconomic condition etc. The guidelines published / provided by MoEF
in EIA manual as well as Approved TOR shall be followed for the study.
3.1.2 OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF BASELINE STUDY
The proposed project is alumina refinery project for manufacturing of specialty grades
alumina. The proposed project is a Greenfield project to be established in Reldi Moti &
Kukma villages of Kutch district of Gujarat. Considering the activities & operations described
in earlier chapter, it is noted that the impacts of the proposed project would occur on the
environmental regimes of project area mainly starting from land to socioeconomic. Further,



the provisions of New EIA Notification- SO 1533 are applicable as the proposed project is
categorized under Category- 2(b): “B”, which requires the EIA study.
As a primary objective of the present EIA study, the baseline environmental status has been
established by conducting a field survey & secondary data collection to ascertain the
prevailing environmental quality & related issues which are important to study the impacts of
proposed project and to cite necessary mitigation to avoid destruction of prevailing
environmental status. The Terms of References approved by SEAC, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
for EIA study has been considered for the study to establish baseline environmental status.
In addition to the approved TOR, guidelines published by MoEF in EIA manual are also
followed. The study was conducted for 5 km radius. The details of the study conducted for
establishment of Baseline Environmental Status are described in subsequent section of this
chapter under respective heading/title. The details of applicability of SO 1533 and other acts /
rules are already discussed in earlier chapter which are considered for the baseline study.
3.1.3 SCHEDULE OF BASELINE STUDY
The baseline environmental study was done by following the guidelines of MoEF & TORs
awarded by SEAC, Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The details of the schedule of the baseline study
has been planned considering the awarded TORs as inscribed in earlier Chapter -1 study.
The period of study determined was October 2010 to December 2010 (Winter Season). The
required studies as per approved ToRs issued by SEAC, Gandhinagar, Gujarat were covered
in the study completed in this period. The frequency of various environmental sampling &
analysis was determined following the guidelines provided by MoEF in online EIA Manual.
The details of frequency of environmental sampling considered for the study are illustrated in
Table – 3.1.



Table 3.1: Frequency of Environmental Monitoring & Sampling
Attributes Sampling
Locations within Study Area Frequency
A. Air Environment
Meteorological Near Project Site 1 hourly continuous for Study
Period
Ambient Air Quality 5 (Five) locations within study area 24 hourly twice a week during
(5Kms) study period
B. Noise 5 (Five) Locations from study area Once in Study Period

(5kms)
C. Water
Ground Water Grab samples from 5 (Five) Once in Study Period
Locations from Study Area (5 Kms)
Surface Water Grab samples from 2 (Two) locations Once in Study Period
D. Soil Quality 5 (Five) Locations from Study Area Once in Study Period
(5 Kms)
E. Land Use/ Land Cover Study area (5 Km) Once in Study Period
F. Ecological Data Study area (5 Km) Once in Study Period
G. Socioeconomic Data Study area (5 Km) Once in Study Period
3.1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING & MONITORING LOCATIONS
The study area for the baseline study has been fixed within 5 km radial distance from the
project site. Five locations for Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring and Ground Water & Soil
sampling have been selected. The surface water samples have been collected from two
locations.
The details of the selected sampling & monitoring locations for baseline study has been
presented in following table. The graphical presentation of the study area along with the
selected monitoring & sampling locations is illustrated in subsequent figure as composite
map of study area.



Table 3.2: Locations of Environmental Sampling & Monitoring
Sr. Particular of Details Environmental Geographical Positioning Approx.

No. Location Sampling & Monitoring Aerial
Distance
Name Code Latitude Longitude from Site
1 Project A1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 23°12'59.16"N 69°48'15.17"E 0.3
Site GW1 Groundwater Sampling (Dug
Well)
S1 Surface Soil Sampling
N1 Noise Level Monitoring
2 Reldi Nani A2 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 23°13'24.31"N 69°49'15.94"E 1.87
GW2 Groundwater Sampling (Bore
Well)
SW2 Surface Water Sampling
3 Kukma A3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 23°13'15.56"N 69°46'39.38"E 3.15
Well)
SW1 Surface Water Sampling
4 Kukma -2 A4 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 23°14'5.51"N 69°46'51.00"E 2.77
Well)
5 Reldi Moti A5 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 23°11'51.43"N 69°48'16.11"E 2.6
/ Vavdi GW5 Groundwater Sampling (Bore
Well)
3.1.5 METHODOLOGY OF BASELINE STUDY
During the baseline study the samples were collected from the selected location in-line with
the planned schedule for environmental sampling & monitoring following methodologies &
guidelines suggested by MoEF & CPCB for sampling & analysis. The samples were collected
from the selected locations and preserved, stored & analyzed as described in the selected
methods for sampling & analysis.
The methods adopted for environmental sampling & analysis for the study of baseline
environmental status are illustrated in following table.



Table 3.3: Method of Environmental Sampling & Analysis
Attributes METHOD
Sampling / Preservation Analysis
A. Air Environment
I. Meteorology Mechanical/automatic weather Computer Aided Data Analysis
station by Software
II. Ambient Air Quality Respireble Dust Sampler As Per IS – 5182 [Part -,(2) &
(23) ] 2006
B. Noise Instrument : Noise level meter Direct measurement and
software based data analysis
C. Water & Waste Water Standard methods for Standard methods for
I. Ground Water examination of water and examination of water and
II. Surface Water wastewater analysis published wastewater analysis published
by APHA by APHA.
D. Topography & Drainage Pattern Digital image (SRTM3, 2008) GIS applications for image
processing processing, mapping & vector
analysis
D. Soil Quality Soil Analysis, by M. I Jackson Soil Analysis, by M. I Jackson
E. Land Use & Land Cover Satellite image (IRS LISS III) Satellite image processing &
analysis for LULC mapping GIS applications
F. Ecological Data Primary data through survey Study for further necessary
study with reference to
Scheduled animals as per
regulatory provisions and IUCN
guidelines/information
G. Socioeconomic Data Census of India 2001 Census of India 2001
3.2 AREA PROFILE
Kutch district (also spelled as Kachchh) is district of Gujarat state in western India, covering
an area of 45,612 km² and is one of the largest districts of India. Kachchh literally means
something which intermittently becomes wet and dry; a large part of this district is known as
Rann of Kachchh which is shallow wetland which submerges in water during the rainy
season and becomes dry during other seasons. The same word is also used in the
languages of Sanskrit origin for a tortoise and garments to be worn while having a bath. The
Rann is famous for its marshy salt flats which become snow white after the shallow water



dries up each season before the monsoon rains. The district is also famous for ecologically
important Banni grasslands with their seasonal marshy wetlands which form the outer belt of
the Rann of Kutch. Kachchh District is surrounded by the Gulf of Kachchh and the Arabian
Sea in south and west, while northern and eastern parts are surrounded by the Great and
Small Rann (seasonal wetlands) of Kachchh.
Table 3.4: Salient Features of Project Area (5 Kms)

PARTICULARS DETAILS
Fairly Levelled around project site; Elevated &
Nature of Terrain
Undulating in southern region of study area
SH-42 (Aerial Dist. 2 Km N),
Nearest Highway
SH-46 Adjacent to site (Aerial Dist. abt. 500 Mt)
Bhuj≅15.5 KM NW
Nearest Railway Station
Kukma≅3.5 KM NNW
Nearest Airport Bhuj ≅16 KM NW
Nearest Village Moti Reldi (Project Village), Kukma ≅1.5 KM W
Nearest Town/city Madhpar ≅9 KM NW , Bhuj ≅10 KM NW
Nearest Pond/Lake Pond: 200 mtrs (NW)
Sea/Gulf Gulf of Kutch≅40 KM S
Historical Monuments Non Within Study Area
Forest None within study area
Archaeologically Important Places Non Within Study Area
National Parks/Wild life Sanctuary None within study area
Seismic Zone details Zone V
1. Kutch Cottan
2. Anchor Electricals Pvt, Ltd.
3. Anchor daewood industries
4. Sarjan biotech p ltd.
Major Industries in vicinity 5. Jagdish menerals
6. Manek minerals
7. Perfect glaxe I Pvt, Ltd.
8. Earth minetech industries.
9. Parle Products P, Ltd.



Fig 3.1 Composite Map of Study Area showing Sampling Locations



3.3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS OF STUD AREA

3.3.1 GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
The study area falls within the geo Physiographic zone of Kachh Mainland which is formed
by Sedimentary And Metamorphic Rocks. The geographical description code is 57 of
cretaceous age. The geomorphologically the area is defined as Ridges/Hills with or without
valley measuring 8154.80 sq. Km with perimeter of 1067.68 Kms.
Lithological description of the region is represented by Tiruchirapalli (Kt), Ariyalur (Kar) and
Uttatur-Patti (Kpa) Fms of S.India; Jabalpur Fm (Kj), Lameta (Kl) & Bagh (Kb) Gps, Bhuj
(Kbh), Fatehgarh (Kf) and Abu (Ka) Fms, Wagad sandstone (Kw) of W.India; Khasi Gp.(Kk)
of Meghalaya; Cretaceous Fms of Ladakh. This lithological region is measuring 2263.73 sq.
Km with perimeter of 662.23 Kms.
The area is represented by basin code H with description by Drainage of Gulf of Kutch. The
area of the basin is 63264.21 sq. kms & perimeter is 2471.68 kms. The soil of the region is
categorised as Alfisols major type and Haplustalfs, Palestalfs & Rhodustalf sub-type of soil
having clayey texture.
There are few geological faults affecting the region of Kutch which may result in seismic
hazards. Major faults are Nagar Parkar fault (NPF), Island Belt fault (IBF), Kachchh
Mainland-South Wagad fault (KM-SWF), Katrol Hill fault (KHF), Gedi fault (GF) and
Goradongar fault (GDF). Besides, the region is also affected by Khalda Island fault &
Allahband fault. These are the major faults in the region causing seismic threat to the region.
The region of is categorised as Seismic Zone V and covers the areas liable to seismic
intensity IX and above on Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. This is the most severe seismic
zone and is referred here as Very High Damage Risk Zone.



3.3.2 TOPOGRAPHY & DRAINAGE PATTERN
The topographic feature & drainage pattern of the study area has been studied from SRTM3,
2008 data having resolution of 3 arc seconds. The SRTM3 Data have been analysed using
GIS application to generate the contour line at interval of 25 Kms considering three elevated
area in the study region. Further, the digital elevation data have been analysed to determine
the slope & elevation profiles of the each individual villages of the study area as well as
whole study area to ascertain the landform of the villages and study area.
It has been observed that the major area of study area is levelled (flat) to nearly levelled with
minor slopes. Three areas in the study region has been noticed with considerably high slope
making the landform of very strong slopes indicating small hills with the elevation profile.
Over all slope direction of the study area is noticed towards North.
The maximum elevation and higher slope is found near south part of Vavdi & northern part of
Harudi village where a rocky hill is situated. This hill is noticed to be extended 2 km towards
west in Vadva village. The highest elevation has been noticed to be 312.723 at 23° 10'
45.3712" N & 69° 48' 10.0074" E on the hill in southern part of Vavdi near Harudi village. The
lowest has been noticed to be 95.11 at 23° 15' 13.7733" N & 69° 46' 52.5153" E in north of
Kukma village.
Further, analyses of SRTM3 (2008) data have been done to determine the drainage pattern
by generating drainage stream using GIS & vector analysis applications. For the purpose of
the analysis to generate drainage system, depression filing is taken as 4.5 mtrs with stream
cell threshold of 40 metres considering the elevation of the region and area of interest (5 Km
radial area) for the vector analysis for stream generation. The stream corresponding to the
minor watershed area of 40 mtrs cell threshold with 4.5 mtrs depression filling has been
generated up to fourth order to determine the minor as well as major drainage patter of the
study area.



The generated streams indicated that the most of the area are covered by one main stream
flowing through the NE area and two other flowing through the NNW area. Besides it is also
observed that the minor stream are linked with these three main drainage channel and are
sufficient to take care of draining the runoff during probable high rainfall (about 2 -5 cm/day)
to avoid flooding in the region.
It is also observed that in during very high daily rainfall water logging /flooding may occur in
small part of Eastern part of Ler, Norther part of Reldi Moti & Kukma and western part of
Padhar villages. However, looking to the overall scenario of drainage pattern & normal
rainfall of the region, it is noticed that area considerably average watershed potentials.
The details of the topographic analysis are presented as elevation, slope & landform in Table
3.5 and illustrated as cartographic map with the drainage system of the area in Figure 3.2.
Table 3.5: Topographical Profile & Landforms of Study Area

Particular ELEVATION PROFILE, Meter SLOPE PROFILE Landform Profile
of Area Average Maximum Minimum Mode Maximum Average Average Type Variations
Reldi Moti 120.3 143 103 114 4.23° 0.81° Nearly level Levelled to
[7.40%] [1.42%] Gentle Slope
Padhar 108.6 126.3 95.99 104.2 4.25° 0.83°
[7.44%] [1.45%]
Reldi Nani 126.3 146 113 130.1 4.79° 0.89°
[8.38%] [1.56%]
Kukma 114.7 168 93 107 12.20° 1.31° Very Gentle Slope Nearly Levelled to
[21.62%] [2.29%] Gentle Slope
Ler 124.1 208 96 108 13.59° 1.82° Nearly Levelled to
[24.18%] [3.19%] Strong Slope
Vavdi 154.2 326 129 139 24.92° 2.03° Nearly Levelled to
[46.46%] [3.54%] Very Strong Slope
Vadva 173.1 287 126 144.9 21.32° 2.94° Nearly Levelled to
[39.04%] [5.14%] Strong Slope
Gandher 180.1 208.1 159.3 164.9 6.07° 2.01° Nearly Levelled to
[10.63%] [3.52%] Moderate Slope
Saiyedpar 159.6 204.4 134.9 162.1 6.68° 1.73° Nearly Levelled to
[11.72%] [3.02%] Moderate Slope
Harudi 239.4 313.8 200.3 224.5 23.87° 4.48° Gentle Slope Nearly Levelled to
[44.25%] [7.83%] Very Strong Slope
Study Area 140.4 326 94 133 25.47° 1.66° Very Gentle Slope Levelled to
(5 KM) [47.63%] [2.90%] Very Strong Slope
(Note: Source Data for Analysis: SRTM3, 2008)



Figure 3.2: Cartographic Map of Study Area
Slope Legend



3.3.3 LAN DUSE STATUS
The land-use & land cover map of the 5 km radial study area from the project site has been
prepared using IRS LISS III image with reference to Google Earth Images. Further for the
latest land use status site visit for ground truth verification has been done using Garmin GPS
instrument. The outcome of land use land study has been presented below in subsequent
table & figures. The Land use map of the 5 Km study area is presented in Figure 3.4.
Table 3.6: Details of Land Use Statistics of Study Area

Area(Under 5 Km Radius)
Land use Class
Sq. Km Percent, %
Cultivated Land 8.33 10.61
Uncultivated 29.28 37.28
Industrial 1.22 1.55
Settlements 2.31 2.94
Tree clad 0.10 0.13
Riparian Vegetations 0.11 0.14
River 2.45 3.12
Water bodies 0.55 0.70
Floodplains 0.04 0.05
Wasteland 18.06 22.99
Rocks 14.21 18.09
Wetlands 0.04 0.05
Road 1.84 2.34
Total 78.54 100.00
Figure 3.3: Category Wise Landuse/Landcover Statistics



Figure 3.4: Land Use/Land Cover Map (5 Km)
Data Source: IRS LISS III & GE



3.3.4 MICRO-METEOROLOGY
Meteorological condition of the study area was studied using weather monitoring station. The
data for the study were collected for the period of October-December 2010. The
meteorological data collected to study the trend of weather and allied parameters. The data
were collected for the temperature, relative humidity (RH), Wind speed, Wind direction and
precipitation. The details of the meteorology of the study area are described in subsequent
paragraphs under respective headings.
Annual Rainfall:
In the month of November 2010, there was rain in study area.It was recorded on 10th, 11th,
12th & 22nd of November 2010 respectively as 24 mm, 10.5 mm, 0.5 mm and 9 mm. The
annual average rainfall of the Bhuj is noticed to be around 373.7 mm as per the climate data
of IMD for 1955-2000. Further, rainfall data of the Kutch district for year 2005-2009 are also
collected from web source of IMD and are illustrated below as summarised information of
rainfall.
Table: 3.7- Historical Annual Rain fall of the Kutch District (in mm)
Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Annual
2005 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 84.9 123.8 24.0 153.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 386.5
2006 0.0 0.0 2.8 0.0 0.0 17.8 266.5 241.5 30.9 0.0 0.0 1.4 560.9
2007 0.0 2.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 87.9 111.8 311.2 50.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 563.9
2008 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 63.2 38.0 84.0 113.2 0.1 1.1 14.6 314.4
2009 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42.4 323.5 124.6 6.4 0.9 0.1 0.0 497.9
Average 0.02 0.46 0.6 0.0 0.02 59.24 172.72 157.06 70.94 0.22 0.24 3.2 464.72
Source: IMD, Delhi, Web Data
Temperature & Relative Humidity:



During the study period the minimum Daily Temperature is found to be 21.50 C where as the
daily maximum temperature is found to be 37.40 C. The average daily temperature is found
to be 30.090 C. The daily records of the temperature are illustrated in Annexure-III.
The relative humidity is found to be 20% as minimum & 96% as maximum. The average
humidity during the study period is noticed to be 72.58%. The daily records of the humidity
for the study period are illustrated in Annexure-III.
Wind Speed & Pattern:
During the study period the hourly wind speed & direction was recorded for the study period.
The hourly wind speeds with direction records observed during the study period were
analyzed further for frequency distribution, determination of average / calm / maximum wind
speed etc. Average wind speed is found to be 4.35 m/s and the maximum has been noticed
to be 24.5 m/s. During the period 110 hours (4.98 % counts) are found to be calm. Further
the wind speed is noticed to highest in range of 3.6-5.7 m/s with 28.3% counts. The wind is
found blowing dominantly from NE with 267 Hours (12.09% Frequencies). The Wind Rose
diagram is shown in Figures 3.9. The details of the hourly records of wind speed & wind
direction are illustrated in Annexure-III.



Figure 3.5: Wind Class Frequency Distribution
Wind Class Frequency Distribution
30
28.3
25
21.3
20
18.0 17.6
%
15
10
6.0
5.0
5
3.9
Calms 0.5 - 2.1 2.1 - 3.6 3.6 - 5.7 5.7 - 8.8 8.8 - 11.1 >= 11.1
Wind Class (m/s)



Figure 3.6: Wind Rose Diagram



3.3.5 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
Air is an essential part of environmental health & ecology. In the recent time, the global
threats of environmental crisis of climatic change and allied issues have asked all scientist &
human being to focus on the conservation of air quality. The global warming has signalled for
dramatic eventuality of the existence of the planet earth. Hence now it has become very
essential to focus on air quality conservation through the necessary study and management
plan for any anthropogenic activity. Keeping these facts in mind, the air samples were
collected & analysed as per the guidelines of MoEF during the study period from the selected
location within the study area. The methods of sampling & analysis of the air samples are
described in earlier section of the chapter. The results were analysed statistically to construe
the trend and status of air quality of the study area. Percentile values, quartile, Minimum,
maximum & average values were determine by statistical analysis of the analytical outcome
of the air quality of the selected location.
The monitoring locations were selected from the area falling within 5 Kms radius from project
site as shown in Figure -3.1. The ambient air monitoring was done at five locations as shown
in table 3.2 with respect to the planned sampling & monitoring schedule presented in table-
3.1.
The outcome of the study is illustrated in tabular form in table 3.8 on subsequent pages along
with the interpretation of the status of air quality in the region.



Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality Of Study Area (October – December 2010)
Parameter (24 Hrs. Avg.)

Particular PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NO2 CO O3 NH3 Pb
µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 mg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3
A1-Project Site
Min 30.00 7.00 22.00 18.00 0.50 N.D. 15.00 N.D.
Max 85.00 27.00 37.00 29.00 1.50 N.D. 36.00 N.D.
Average 55.96 16.00 28.58 23.25 1.02 N.D. 22.38 N.D.
98th Percentile 81.78 26.08 36.54 29.00 1.45 N.D. 35.08 N.D.
A2-Nani Reldi Village
Min 24 4 16 15 0.2 N.D. 8 N.D.
Max 65 12 23 22 1 N.D. 15 N.D.
Average 45.33 6.75 19.54 19.25 0.52 N.D. 10.63 N.D.
A3-Kukma Village
Min 35.00 5.00 18.00 15.00 0.40 N.D. 7.00 N.D.
Max 79.00 14.00 27.00 23.00 1.20 N.D. 23.00 N.D.
Average 57.08 9.13 21.29 19.29 0.75 N.D. 13.83 N.D.
A4-Kukma Village -2
Min 21.00 5.00 16.00 15.00 0.40 N.D. 8.00 N.D.
Max 76.00 12.00 25.00 22.00 1.20 N.D. 21.00 N.D.
Average 44.13 8.21 20.67 18.75 0.70 N.D. 13.13 N.D.
98 Percentile
th 68.18 11.54 24.54 22.00 1.15 N.D. 19.62 N.D.
A5-Moti Reldi/Vavdi
Min 40.00 5.00 14.00 15.00 0.20 N.D. 10.00 N.D.
Max 90.00 15.00 27.00 25.00 1.10 N.D. 24.00 N.D.
Average 62.92 8.54 21.25 20.67 0.68 N.D. 15.63 N.D.
98 Percentile
th 87.70 13.62 26.54 24.54 1.10 N.D. 22.62 N.D.
3.3.6 WATER QUALITY
Water plays vital role in the living beings existence as well as the overall environmental
condition of the world as it is being the most important & largest resource of the planet earth.
All major seasonal phenomenons are associated with water on planet and now it has asked



more attention due to issues of sea level rise, water scarcity, depleting water resources,
water pollution and many issues related with global warming & environmental pollution.
The water quality of the study area was studied for ground water as well as surface water by
collecting the samples from selected locations within the study area.
The area is falling under basin of Drainage of Gulf of Kutch (basin Code-H), which covers
about 63264.21 Sq. Kms. and perimeter of the basin is measuring about 2471.68 Kms. The
samples were collected & analysed as per the guidelines of MoEF. The rivers in the region
are seasonal The region exhibits some ponds as main surface water resources and rainwater
harvesting ponds, so surface water samples were collected from two major perennial ponds
situated in the study area.
The groundwater sampling locations were selected from the area fall within 5 Kms radius
from project site for water quality study. The area exhibits crystalline rocks type of aquifer
with yield of 1-40 liter per second as per data of Central Ground Water Board (CGWB),
Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India. The whole aquifer is about 952724 sq. km with
perimeter of 17178.2 kms. As per information of Gujarat Water Resource Development
Corporation, the area is categorized as Semi Critical (Gray) area with respect to the
groundwater development of about 70-90% in the region/taluka of Bhuj. Further, the
geohydrological map of GWRDC also indicates the region as suitable area for low discharge
tubewell.
The selected locations / villages for groundwater sampling are listed in table 3.2 and
illustrated in figure 3.1. The outcome of the study is illustrated in tabular form in subsequent
pages for seasonal water quality in Table: 3.9 to 3.10 respectively for surface water &
groundwater resources. Water sampling locations are as below:
SURFACE WATER
SW - 1(Reldi Nani) SW - 2(Kunkma Village) (Pond)
GROUND WATER
GW-1 (Project Site) GW - 2 (Nani Reldi) GW-3& 4 (Kunkma) GW –5 (Moti Reldi/Vavdi)



Table 3.9: Surface Water Quality of Study Area (Dt. 01/11/2010)
Sr. SW1 Desirable Limit

Parameters Unit SW2
No. IS:10500 : 1991
1. pH Unit 7.27 7.37 6.5 – 8.5
2. Colour (Pt-Co Scale) Unit 20 10 5
3. Odour -- Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable
4. Taste -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
5. Turbidity NTU 9.8 2.1 5 NTU
6. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/lit. 380 260 300 mg/lit.
7. Calcium as Ca mg/lit. 72 72 75 mg/lit.
8. Magnesium as Mg mg/lit. 49 19 30 mg/lit.
9. Total Dissolved Solid mg/lit. 1290 560 500 mg/lit.
10. Alkalinity mg/lit. 215 193 200 mg/lit.
11. Chloride as Cl- mg/lit. 510 126 250 mg/lit.
12. Sulphate as SO4-2 mg/lit. 34 27 200 mg/lit.
13. Nitrate as NO3 mg/lit. 0.6 0.9 45 mg/lit.
14. Copper mg/lit. 0.02 0.01 0.05 mg/lit.
15. Mangenase mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.1 mg/lit.
16. Iron as Fe mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.3 mg/lit.
17. Residual Free Chlorine mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.2 mg/lit.
18. Fluoride as F mg/lit. 0.86 0.42 1.0 mg/lit.
19. Zinc as Zn mg/lit. 0.07 0.02 5 mg/lit.
20. Phenolic Compound mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.001 mg/lit.
21. Mercury mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.001 mg/lit.
22. Cadmium mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.01 mg/lit.
23. Selenium mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.01 mg/lit.
24. Arsenic mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.05 mg/lit.
25. Cyanide mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.05 mg/lit.
26. Lead mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.05 mg/lit.
27. Anionic Detergent mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.2 mg/lit.
28. Hexavalent Chromium mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.05 mg/lit.
29. Mineral Oil mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.01 mg/lit.
30. Aluminium mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 0.03 mg/lit.
31. Boron mg/lit. N.D. N.D. 1 mg/lit.
Note: ND-Not detectable



Table 3.10: Groundwater Quality of Study Area (Dt. 01/11/2010)
Sr. Desirable Limit

Parameters Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5
No. IS:10500 : 1991
1. pH Unit 7.82 7.87 7.65 7.96 8.01 6.5 – 8.5
2. Colour (Pt-Co Scale) Unit <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 5
3. Odour -- Unobjectionable Unobjectionable
4. Taste -- Agreeable Agreeable
5. Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 5 NTU
6. Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/lit. 450 250 452 430 480 300 mg/lit.
7. Calcium as Ca mg/lit. 112 68 116 124 108 75 mg/lit.
8. Magnesium as Mg mg/lit. 41 19 30 29 51 30 mg/lit.
9. Total Dissolved Solid mg/lit. 1180 720 1210 1140 1220 500 mg/lit.
10. Alkalinity mg/lit. 290 226 118 118 279 200 mg/lit.
11. Chloride as Cl- mg/lit. 384 202 319 328 391 250 mg/lit.
12. Sulphate as SO4-2 mg/lit. 51 30 40 47 35 200 mg/lit.
13. Nitrate as NO3 mg/lit. 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 45 mg/lit.
14. Copper mg/lit. 0.01 N.D. Nil Nil 0.01 0.05 mg/lit.
15. Mangenase mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.1 mg/lit.
16. Iron as Fe mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.3 mg/lit.
17. Residual Free Chlorine mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.2 mg/lit.
18. Fluoride as F mg/lit. 1.57 0.52 1.05 1.07 1.61 1.0 mg/lit.
19. Zinc as Zn mg/lit. 0.12 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.10 5 mg/lit.
20. Phenolic Compound mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.001 mg/lit.
21. Mercury mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.001 mg/lit.
22. Cadmium mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.01 mg/lit.
23. Selenium mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.01 mg/lit.
24. Arsenic mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.05 mg/lit.
25. Cyanide mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.05 mg/lit.
26. Lead mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.05 mg/lit.
27. Anionic Detergent mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.2 mg/lit.
28. Hexavalent Chromium mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.05 mg/lit.
29. Mineral Oil mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.01 mg/lit.
30. Aluminium mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 0.03 mg/lit.
31. Boron mg/lit. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. 1 mg/lit.
The surface water quality of the region is noticed to be good with respect to the IS 10500:
1991& CPCB classification for surface water. The surface water of Reldi Nani is noticed to be
acceptable for drinking purpose and so being suitable for all purpose water resource,
whereas the quality of Kukma pond is found to be suitable for non-potable purpose as the
TDS, alkalinity, chloride and hardness of the water is found somewhat higher. However, in



absence of the other potable resource the pond water of Kukma can be used for potable
purpose. No indication of contamination or presence of toxic material is noticed in both
cases.
Similarly, the groundwater quality of the study area is noticed to be acceptable for non-
potable purpose as higher TDS is noticed in all cases, which indicates issues related with
any of the hardness, salinity & alkalinity. Further the fluoride is also noticed in village Kukma,
Reldi Moti and project site. However, it has been noticed that compare to other monitored
location water quality of Reldi Nani is acceptable for all purpose resource except alkalinity
which is found slightly higher. No indication of toxic contamination is noticed in all locations
and hence in absence of other potable resource, the ground water can be used as drinking
water after necessary treatment for hardness & chloride or conventional treatment.
3.3.7 SOIL QUALITY
The soil quality of the project site has been assessed for reference purpose of the present
EIA study as the proposed project would be utilizing the treated wastewater for irrigation.
Hence it has become essential to establish the quality of soil of project site before stating any
impact statement for land environment. The soil of the area is Alfisols as major type and
Haplustalfs, Palestalf & Rhodustalf as sub-type. The sample of the soil is collected once from
the earmarked greenbelt area for proposed project. The analytical outcomes of the soil
sample analysis are presented below.
Soil sampling locations are as below:

S-1 (Project Site) S-2 (Moti Reldi Village) S-3 (Kunkma Village) S-4 (Nani Reldi Village)



Table 3.11: Soil Quality of Study Area (Dt: 01/11/2010)
Sr.
Parameters Unit S1 S2 S3 S4
No.
1. Bulk Density gm/ml 1.0842 1.0091 1.1055 1.0124
2. Salinity ppt 0.025 0.99 0.89 0.37
3. Porosity % 58 52 56 55
Texture Class
Silt % 09 18 12 08
4.
Clay % 84 72 80 86
Sand % 07 10 08 06
5. pH( 5% Solution) -- 8.72 8.91 9.12 8.90
6. Electrical Conductivity µs 43.73 58.96 355.7 178.8
7. Cation Exchange Capacity meq/100gm 49 47 51 53
8. Sodium mg/100gm 868.1 286.5 2016.8 1830.1
9. Potassium mg/100gm 1507.0 673.1 888.4 533.3
10. Nitrogen mg/100gm 35.0 37.8 49.1 43.5
11. Magnesium mg/100gm 47.6 52.4 45.2 57.1
12. Phosphorous mg/100gm 1.21 1.51 1.10 1.32
13. SAR - 93.0 28.9 181.7 159.1
14. Water Holding Capacity ml/100 gm 21 24 22 22
15. Iron as Fe mg/100gm 32.4 40.4 37.1 29.8
16. Copper as Cu mg/100gm 0.24 0.32 0.29 0.40
17. Zinc as Zn mg/100gm 0.20 0.22 0.34 0.19
18. Manganese as Mn mg/100gm N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.
19. Nickel as Ni mg/100gm 0.18 0.29 0.21 0.32
The soil of study area is noticed to be heavy clay as per the soil texture classification. This
indicates that the hydraulic capacity of soil is low and will result in high runoff during
monsoon. The heavy clay indicates low organic content in soil and lower porosity, which may
have problem in root growth as well as crop yield. Beside, such soil also requires high
irrigation water considering the hydraulic properties of heavy clay. Hence, for agriculture
activity & management of soil fertility, systematic approach for organic mulching by adding
cow dung or manure or similar organic materials is required. Nutrient availability do not have
any issue in heavy clay and if proper organic addition is done with adequately planned
irrigation schedule, such soil can be helpful in good yield. As the heavy clay soil is having
poor hydraulic properties like infiltration rate and hydraulic conductivity, soil of study area has
considerably influenced on groundwater availability with lesser leaching of soluble salt in the
soil.



3.3.8 NOISE LEVEL
The noise do not have any direct impacts on the environmental quality but poses impacts on
environmental quality due to health effects on biological components of the local habit. The
impact of noise is thus associated with the health & hearing capability of animals & human
being. Therefore study of noise level in the study area during the study of baseline
environmental quality for EIA is essential to determine potential effects on health and hearing
capability of animals & human being. The noise may also indirectly affects affect the
ecological structures because of the reaction of the animals &human upon impacts due to
noise. It is often noticed that migration of animals from the area having high noise source
which may create the imbalance in ecological structures of the area. Hence the study of
noise is of significant importance in EIA study.
Considering this, the noise monitoring during the study period for the proposed project was
done in area falling within 5 km radius from the project site. The noise was recorded as per
the guidelines of MoEF following the method of monitoring as mentioned in earlier section of
the report. The equivalent noise levels were recorded for day time & night time as dB (A).
The results of the noise monitoring along with the selected locations are presented in table
3.8. The residential locations of noise monitoring are illustrated in map in Figure -3.6.
Table 3.12: Noise Level in Study Area (Dt. 01/11/2010)
Noise Level, dB(A)

Area & Noise Type Location Min Max Leq
Day Night Day Night Day Night
CPCB/MoEF Norms Residential - - - - 55 45
Commercial - - - - 65 55
Residential Area Project Site 54.3 39.8 56.1 47.5 55.3 43.0
(Mix Residential
Reldi Nani 52.8 38.4 57.8 48.8 55.4 44.8
& Community Noise)
Kukma 55.2 43.8 57 50.6 56.0 47.5
Kukma – 2 51.3 46.2 56.6 52.2 54.3 49.7
Reldi Moti / Vavdi 41.8 35.4 48.1 40.6 44.7 38.9



3.3.9 ECOLOGICAL LAYOUT
The Kutch region falls under Biogeographic Zone 3 - the Desert and province of Desert of
Kutchh: Province 3B measuring 37085.09 Sq. Ecoregion zone covering the study area is
Lowland very dry /Sub Arid having ecoregion zone code of 6. Variety of flora & fauna occurs
in the study area of 5 km from the proposed project site. The major flora & fauna noticed in
the area are listed in subsequent portion of the section.
Agroecological Features:
Agroecological reagion code of the area is 2- Western plain, Kachh & part of Kathiawar
peninsula, hot arid ecoregion. The area falls under sub region of Hot arid South Kachchh
and North Kathiawar Peninsula with Subregion code –L12Et2. The soil type of the area is
deep laomy saline & alkali soil to clayey mixed red and black soils. The length of growing
period is 60-90 days and average period is 75 days. The major crops of the region are Bajri,
Bajaro(Pennisetum typhoides A. Rich), Arando, Divel(Ricinus communis L.), Juwar, Jawar
(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.), Wheat- Gahun (Triticum aestivum L.), Kapas, Desi Kapas
(Gossypium herbaceum auct. Non L.), Ambo, Keri (Mangifera indica L.) and Kharek, Khajuri
(Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb). The main crops as cultivated in of the study villages is
presented in subsequent table.
Table 3.13: Crops of study villages

Sr. Name of Bajri/ Arando/ Juwar/ Wheat/ Kapas/ Ambo/ Kharek/
No. Villages Bajaro Divel Jawar Gahun Desi Kapas Keri Khajuri
1 Kukma √ √ √ √ √ √ √
2 Reladi-moti √ √ √ √
3 Reladi-nani √ √ √ √
4 Padhar √ √ √ √ √ √ √
5 Saiyadpar √ √ √ √ √
6 Vadva √ √
7 Kanderai √ √
8 Gandher √ √
9 Harudi √ √
10 Vavdi √ √ √ √
Note: Based on the dialogue with the local farmers, Very few areas near Kukma villages also cultivated vegetables and
medicinal plants.




Forest:
The study area falls in Ecoregion zones –3 and having code combining Realm, Biome and
Ecoregion numbers as IM 1303 which is Northwestern thorn scrub forest. The Code
combining Realm, Biome and Ecoregion numbers is IM0134. The region is measuring
20210.1 Sq. Kms with perimeter of 1267.46 kms. The forest is classified as tropical thorn
forest. There is no forest land within the project area. The flora & fauna of the study area are
listed in subsequent section.
Flora & Fauna:

During the study period, a primary survey has been conducted to study the flora & fauna of
the study region. The survey has been carried out in some major habitat & locations having
significance in ecological layout of the region. The details of study location & habitat is
illustrated in Table 3.14. The survey has been conducted for direct as well as indirect sighting
of the flora & fauna of the study region. The sighting of some flora & fauna is reported by the
local resident and so reported as indirect sighting. The wild animals & birds are also studied
for their conservation status as per wild life protection act and IUCN red list. The details of
flora & fauna are listed as tabulated details in subsequent table along with conservation
status/importance.



Table 3.14: Locations for Ecological Survey
Station Code
Point No. Longitude Latitude Macrohabitat /Location Landuse
N E
1 23 13 17.2 69 46 36.7 Kukma wetland
2 23 12 37.9 69 46 55.3 Small wetland, Nr. Railway track
Wetland
3 23 12 41.6 69 47 55.7 Small wetland, Nr. Road
4 23 12 29 69 47 23.8 Small wetland, Nr. Railway track
5 23 12 36.6 69 46 7.9 Cultivated land, on Lehr Road
6 23 12 44 69 47 4.5 Cultivated land, on Kukma Road
Agriculture
7 23 12 32.7 69 47 45.7 Cultivated land, opp.CAZRI off
8 23 12 37.6 69 48 9.6 Cultivated land, on Left side Ratnal road
9 23 13 20.6 69 46 52.7 Nr. Wasteland, Kukma village
10 23 12 27.4 69 47 19.3 Nr. Wasteland, Railway track opp.CAZRI road
Wasteland
11 23 12 38.4 69 46 37.8 Nr. Wasteland, opp.Kukma village
12 23 12 49.4 69 47 56.2 Nr. Wasteland, Kukma village
13 23 13 10.7 69 46 58.6 Nallah, Nr. Kukma
14 23 12 32.2 69 47 54.2 Nallah, Opp. CAZRI off.
Riverine
15 23 12 27.4 69 47 9.6 Nallah, Nr. Railway track
16 23 12 5.3 69 46 59.3 Nallah, After Railway track
Table 3.15: List of Flora of Study Area

Sr. Importance/
No. Common Name Scientific Name Status Life Form Family
1 Khapato, Dabaliar Abutilon indicum (L.) Sw. subsp. indicum Common Shrub Malvaceae
2 Harmo Baval Acacia jacquemontii Bth. Not Common Shrub Mimosaceae
3 Hirmo, Haramu Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. Common Tree Mimosaceae
Acacia nilotica (L.) Del. subsp. indica(Bth.)
4 Deshi Baval, Bavar Common Tree Mimosaceae
Brenan
5 Kher, Gorad Acacia senegal(L.) Willd. Abundant Tree Mimosaceae
6 Israil Baval Acacia tortalis (Forsk.) Hayne. Not Common Tree Mimosaceae
7 Dadar Jo Zad Acalypha indica L. Common Herb Euphorbiaceae
Agado, Kandhero, Achyranthes aspera L.var. argentea Hook.
8 Abundant Herb Amaranthaceae
Aandhado f.
Achyranthes aspera L. var. porphyristachya
9 Vado Andhado Common Herb Amaranthaceae
Hook. f.
10 Bou, Bour Aerva persica (Burm.f.) Merrill Common Herb Amaranthaceae
Jar Bhaji,
11 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC. Common Herb Amaranthaceae
Jar Bhangaro



Sr. Importance/
12 - Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. var. monilifer Common Herb Fabaceae
13 Jangali tandaljo Amaranthus spinosus L. Abundant Herb Amaranthaceae
14 Adbau Rajgaro Amaranthus viridis L. Common Herb Amaranthaceae
Jandhar Lambha Ga, Aristida adscensionis L. subsp.
15 Common Grass Poaceae
Lampdo adscensionis
16 Laso Lambh Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr. Common Grass Poaceae
17 Khati Palakh Atriplex stocksii (Wt.) Boiss. Not Frequent Herb Chenopodiaceae
18 Limbdo, Neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Common Tree Meliaceae
19 Jal Ukharad Bergia ammannioides Roxb. ex Roth Common Herb Elatinaceae
20 Pilu Fuladu Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff Common Shrub Asteraceae
21 Aso Bhangaro Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philip. Abundant Herb Asteraceae
22 Ubhero Kandho Blepharis linariaefolia Pers. Common Herb Acanthaceae
Rafadi, Rafadiaul,
Sunny Dhokariaur,
23 Boerhavia diffusa L. Common Herb Nyctaginaceae
Rati, Satodi,
Acchi satodi
Udha Satodo,
24 Punnarva, Boerhavia elegans Choisy Common Herb Nyctaginaceae
Dhokariyar
25 Bikan, Baakan Jo Zad Borreria articularis (L.f.) F.N. Will. Common Herb Rubiaceae
26 Bikan Borreria pusilla (Wall.) DC. Common Herb Rubiaceae
27 Jinjavu Ga Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus Common Grass Poaceae
28 Akado,Aak Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. Common Shrub Asclepiadaceae
29 Kerado, Dora Kera Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew. Common Shrub Capparaceae
30 Bkan Fofti, Tridhari Val Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Common Herb Sapindaceae
31 Avar Cassia auriculataL. Abundant Shrub Caesalpiniaceae
32 Mindhiavar Cassia italica subsp. micrantha Brenan Common Herb Caesalpiniaceae
33 Nidhechor, Khad Cassia pumilla Lam. Common Herb Caesalpiniaceae
34 Lampadi Celosia argentea L. Common Herb Amaranthaceae
35 Dhaman Gha Cenchrus biflorus auct. Common Grass Poaceae
36 Dhaman Gha Cenchrus ciliaris L. Common Grass Poaceae
37 Anjan Gha Cenchrus setigerus Vahl Common Grass Poaceae
38 Rusad Gha Chloris barbata Sw. Common Grass Poaceae
39 - Chloris virgata Sw. Common Grass Poaceae
40 Khad Sundhiyu Ga Chrysopogon fulvus (Spr.) Shiov. Common Grass Poaceae
41 Beddhro, Prlobidhro Cleome viscosa L. Common Herb Capparaceae
42 Tindora, Ghiloda Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Common Climber Cucurbitaceae
43 Vegai, Vagval, Asipal Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Common Shrub Menispermaceae
44 Karipat, Karipad Cocculus pendulus(Forst.) Diels Common Shrub Menispermaceae
45 - Commelina diffusa Burm. f. Common Herb Commelinaceae
46 Dhokariyar Commicarpus verticillatus (Poir.) Standl. Common Herb Nyctaginaceae
47 Gugar, Gugariya Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari Not Common Shrub Burseraceae
Convolvulus microphyllus (Roth) Sieb. ex
48 Ashi/ Bethi Sankh Val Common Herb Convolvulaceae
Spr.
Navi Val, Naigi Val,
49 Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottl. & Willd.) Cl. Not Common Climber Cucurbitaceae
Ajapad
50 Mundheri, Munderi Corchorus depressus (L.) Stocks Common Herb Tiliaceae
51 Liyar, Desi Gunda Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) E.&.A. Common Tree Ehretiaceae



Sr. Importance/
52 Khirasan, Khadasan Crotalaria burhia Buch-Ham. ex Bth Common Shrub Fabaceae
53 Dod Val Ctenolepis cerasiformis (Stocks) Hk. f. Common Climber Cucurbitaceae
54 Kotimbda vell Cucumis callosus (Rottl.) Cogn. Common Climber Cucurbitaceae
55 Indriyal Cucumis prophetarum L. Common Climber Cucurbitaceae
56 - Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Common Herb Cuscutaceae
57 - Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult. Common Grass Poaceae
58 Chhabbar Gha Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Common Grass Poaceae
59 Kaluro, Mutha, Moth Cyperus rotundus L. subsp. rotundus Common Sedge Cyperaceae
60 Vado Mandanu Dactyloctenium aegypticum (L.) P. Beauv. Common Grass Poaceae
61 Sano Madanu Dactyloctenium sindicum Boiss. Common Grass Poaceae
Dalechampia scandens L. var. cordofana
62 - Not Common Climber Euphorbiaceae
(Hochst. Ex A. Rich.)
63 Dhaturo Datura innoxia Mill. Common Shrub Solanaceae
64 Darab, Gha, Dab Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf Common Grass Poaceae
65 Dunuhi gha, Jinjavo Dichanthium annulatum (Forak.) Stapf Common Grass Poaceae
66 Lolar Digera muricata (L.) Mart. Common Herb Amaranthaceae
67 - Digitaria adscendens (H.B.&K.) Henr. Common Grass Poaceae
68 - Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq.) Nees Common Herb Acanthaceae
69 Sanvadha Sau, Samu Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link Common Grass Poaceae
70 Bhangaro Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Mant. Common Herb Asteraceae
Eleusine compressa (Forsk.) Aschers. &
71 Mandanu Common Grass Poaceae
Schweinf.
72 MameCho, Mamej Enicostema axillare (Lamk.) Roynal Common Herb Gentianaceae
73 Fuliyu Gah Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. var.ciliaris Common Grass Poaceae
74 Limor, Kalavo Eragrostis tenella (L.) P. Beauv. ex R. & S. Common Grass Poaceae
75 - Euphorbia orbiculata H. B.& K. Common Herb Euphorbiaceae
76 - Euphorbia thymifolia L. Common Herb Euphorbiaceae
77 Kari Sankhval, Sani Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. var. alsinoides Common Herb Convolvulaceae
78 Dhramau, Dhamaso Fagonia schweienfurthii (Hadidi) Hadidi Common Herb Zygophyllaceae
79 Undarkani Goniogyna hirta (Willd.) Ali Common Herb Fabaceae
80 Gangni Grewia tenax (Forsk.) Fiori Common Shrub Tiliaceae
Heliotropium marifolium Koen.ex Retz. var.
81 - Common Herb Boraginaceae
marifolium
Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv. ex.R.
82 Dungar Gha Common Grass Poaceae
& S.
83 - Hibiscus caesius Garcke Not Common Herb Convolvulaceae
84 San Bhindo, Kurad Val Hibiscus ovalifolius (Forsk.) Vahl Common Shrub Malvaceae
85 Gadar Gari, Ridha Gari Indigofera cordifolia Heyne ex Willd. Common Herb Fabaceae
86 Sani Gari Indigofera linifolia Retz. var. linifolia Common Herb Fabaceae
87 Adbau Unerigi Val Ipomoea eriocarpa R. Br. Common Herb Convolvulaceae
88 Fotiyal, Fotiyar Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. Common Herb Convolvulaceae
89 Kari Andhedi Justicia procumbens L. Common Herb Acanthaceae
90 - Lepidagathis trinervis Wall. Common Herb Acanthaceae
91 Sanepanjo Gumu Leucas lavandulaefolia Rees Not Common Herb Lamnaceae
92 - Lycium barbarum L. Not Frequent Shrub Solanaceae
93 Pinjolo, Accho Pinjolo Maerua oblongifolia (Foeak.) A. Rich. Common Twiner Capparaceae
94 Vekar Melanocenchrus jacquemontii J. & S. Common Grass Poaceae
95 Ankhfutmani Mukia maderespatensis (L.) M. Roem. Common Climber Cucurbitaceae



Sr. Importance/
96 Gum Gha, Dham Gha Panicum antidotale Retz. Not Common Grass Poaceae
97 Dhodhiyal Pentatropis capensis (L. f.) Bullock Not Common Twiner Asclepiadaceae
98 Dudhariyal, Dudhar Val Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov. Common Twiner Asclepiadaceae
99 Rati Khip, Siriyar Khip Periploca aphylla Decne Not Common Shrub Periplocaceae
100 Kari Adhedi Peristrophe bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees Common Herb Acanthaceae
101 Khajuri Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Common Tree Arecaceae
102 Pat Amari, Amari Phyllanthus fraternus Webst. Common Herb Euphorbiaceae
103 Patsan Polygala erioptera DC. var. erioptera Common Herb Polygalaceae
104 Son Fuladi Pulicaria wightiana (DC.) Cl. Not Common Herb Asteraceae
105 Gadar Bhurat Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Common Shrub Amaranthaceae
106 Mungarial Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. minima Common Twiner Fabaceae
107 Fang val Rivea hypocrateriformis Choisy Common Climber Convolvulaceae
108 Mithi Zar Salvadora oleoides Decne. Not Frequent Shrub Salvadoraceae
109 Khari Zar, Pailu Salvadora persica L. Common Shrub Salvadoraceae
110 - Sida ovata Forsk. Common Herb Malvaceae
111 Jangali Ringni Solanum surattense Burm. f. Common Herb Solanaceae
112 Khevai Ga Sporobolus marginatus Hochst. ex A. Rich. Not Common Grass Poaceae
113 Sarpankhi Tephrosia uniflora Pers. subsp. petrosa Not Common Herb Fabaceae
114 Gah Tragus biflorus (Roxb.) Schult. Common Grass Poaceae
115 Akanthi, MithaGokharu Tribulus terrestris L. Common Herb Zygophyllaceae
116 Undh Fuli Trichodesma amplexicaule Roth Common Herb Boraginaceae
117 Vilayati Bhangro Tridax procumbensi L. Common Herb Asteraceae
118 Bhurati, Zepati Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Not Common Herb Tiliaceae
119 Sadodi, Kadu Kariyato Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Common Herb Asteraceae
120 Boedi Jo Zad Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Common Tree Rhamnaceae
121 Bordi, Boedi Zizyphus nummularia (Burm. F.) W. & A. Common Shrub Rhamnaceae
122 Bepani Zornia gibbosa Span Not Frequent Herb Fabaceae
123 Pat Lani Zygophyllum simplex L. Not Common Herb Zygophyllaceae
Table 3.16: Relative Occurrence of Flora

Particulars Total Plants Rel%
Importance/Status
Abundant 5 4.07
Common 99 80.49
Not Common 15 12.20
Not Frequent 4 3.25
TOTAL 123 100.00
Life Form
Climber 8 6.50
Grass 25 20.33
Herb 58 47.15
Sedge 1 0.81
Shrub 19 15.45
Tree 8 6.50
Twiner 4 3.25
TOTAL 123 100.00



Table 3.17: List of Terrestrial Birds in Study Area

Included in Schedule of
Sr.No. Common Name Family & Scientific Name Migratory Status
Wild Life Protection Act
Phasianidae
1 IndianPeafowl Pavo cristatus I R
Upupidae
2 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops IV WV
Meropidae
3 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis IV R
Cuculidae
4 Koel Eudynamys scolopacea IV R
Centropodidae
5 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis IV R
Psittacidae
6 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri IV R
Apodidae
7 House (Little) Swift Apus affinis IV R
Strigidae
8 Spotted Owlet Athene brama IV R
Caprimulgidae
9 Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus IV R
Columbidae
10 Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia IV R
11 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis IV R
12 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis IV R
Accipitridae
13 Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus IV R
14 Shikra Accipiter badius IV R
15 Black Kite Milvus migrans IV R
16 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus R
Laniidae
17 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus - WV
Corvidae
18 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus IV R
19 Common Iora Aegithina tiphia IV R
20 House Crow Corvus splendens IV R
Muscicapidae
21 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata IV R
22 Oriental Magpi Robin Copsychus saularis IV R
23 Common Stonechat Saxicola torquata - WV
Sturnidae
24 Brahminy Myna Sturnus pagodarum IV R
25 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis IV R
Pycnonotidae
26 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer IV R
Cisticolidae
27 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis IV R



Sylviidae
28 Large Grey Babbler Turdoides malcolmi IV R
29 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius IV R
Alaudidae
30 Crested Lark Galerida cristata IV R
Ashy - crowned Sparrow
31 Eremopterix grisea IV R
Lark
Nectariniidae
32 Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica IV R
Passeridae
33 Baya Weaver Bird Ploceus philippinus IV R
34 House Sparrow Passer domesticus IV R
Hirundinidae
35 Red-rump Swallow Hirundo daurica IV R
Laniidae
36 Grey shrike Lanius excubitor – R
Total No of Species 36
Total No of Families 23
Note: Migratory Status = R-Resident, WV- Winter Visitor
Table 3.18: List of Aquatic Birds of Study Area
Dendrocygnidae
1 Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica IV R
Anatidae
2 Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotus IV R
3 Spot billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha IV R
Dacelonidae
4 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrensis IV R
Cerylidae
5 Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis IV R
6 Common Coot Fulica atra IV R
7 Moorhen Gallinula chloropus - R
Charadriidae
8 Little ringed Plover Charadrius dubius IV WV
Scolopacidae
9 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis IV WV
10 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos IV WV
Heliornithidae
11 Pheasant - tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus - R
Charadriidae



12 Black winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus IV R

13 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus IV R
14 Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malabaricus- IV R
Laridae
15 River Tern Sterna aurantia IV R
Podicipedidae
16 Little Grebe Tachypaptus ruficollis IV R
Phalacrocoracidae
17 Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger IV R
Ardeidae
18 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis IV R
19 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii IV R
20 Little Egret Egretta garzetta IV R
21 Great Egret Casmerodius albus IV R
22 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea IV R
Ciconiidae
23 Painted Strok Mycteria leucocephala IV WV & R
Threskiornithidae
24 Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa IV R
Passeridae
25 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea IV R
Total No of Species 25
Total No of Families 15
Note: Migratory Status R-Resident, WV- Winter Visitor
Table 3.19: List of Wild Animals of Study Area

Included in Sightation
Sr. Family & Scientific IUCN
Common Name Schedule of Wild
No. Name Direct Indirect Status
Life Protection Act
1 Roz , Nilgai (Blue Bull) Boselaphus tragocamelus III * * LR-cd
2 Suvar,Jungli Bhund (Wild Bor) Sus scrofa III * LR-lc
3 Shiyar (Jackle) Canis aureus II * * LR-lc
4 Lokadi (Indian Fox) Vulpus bengalensis III *
7 Jungli Biladi (Jungle Cat) Felis chaus II * LR-nt
8 Noriyo (Grey Mongoose) Herpestes edwardsii IV * LR-lc
9 Saslu (Indian Hare) Lepus nigricollis IV * * LR-lc
Khiskoli (Northern Five striped
11 Funambulus pennantii IV * * LR-lc
Palm Squirrel)
12 Undar (Common Indian Rat) Rattus r rattus rufescens V * LR-lc
Note: IUCN Status: Lower Risk (LR), cd -Conservation Dependent, NT -Near Threatened, LC -Least Concern



3.3.10 DEMOGRAPHY & SOCIOECONOMIC LAYOUT
The study area is falling in Bhuj taluka of Kutch district. Further as prescribed by the SEAC in
awarded TOR the study area is 5 km radial area from project site. This area covers 10
villages. Out of these ten villages, information of demography for one village-Vavdi is not
available. The other villages falling under the study area are considered by referring the
village boundary and it has been noticed that some villages are falling in study area just
because the small portion of village is coming within 5 km radial area. Locality of Gandher
village does not fall in study area, whereas the locality of other villages as full or part is falling
in the study area. Hence, the demographic profile of the villages as available in Census 2001
data has been collected and presented below in subsequent section in tabular format.
Total population in study area is found to be 8488 persons with 1820 house hold and house
hold size of 4.7 persons/household. Further SC & ST population is noticed to be 8.2% and
2.5% respectively. The major population of SC & ST is noticed in case of Kukma village.
Besides, only in case of Kukma, Ler & Padhar, ST population has been noticed where as SC
population have been noticed in case of Harudi, Kukama, Padhar & Ler. Highest population
has been noticed in case of Kukama village with 49.7% of total population & 51.8% of toal
Household. Saiyedpar showed lowest Household (11) & Population (54).
Table 3.20: Demographic Highlight of Study Area
Sr. No. Village Village Total Total Total SC Total ST Household
Code Name House Hold Population Population Population Size*
1 00044500 Gandher 101 479 0 0 4.7
2 00046700 Harudi 117 576 1 0 4.9
3 00044000 Kukma 943 4218 699 104 4.5
4 00044900 Ler 65 344 1 39 5.3
5 00042100 Padhar 457 2195 1 72 4.8
6 00044100 Reldi Moti 40 155 0 0 3.9
7 00044200 Reldi Nani 24 125 0 0 5.2
8 00044600 Saiyedpar 11 54 0 0 4.9
9 00044800 Vadva 62 342 0 0 5.5
10 00044700 Vavdi 0 0 0 0 NA
Total 1820 8488 702 215 4.7
Note: NA- Information Not Available in Census 2001 Data. * Household Size as persons per house hold



Table 3.21: Population & Social Structure

Sr. Village Name Total Population SC Population ST Population Child Population
No. (Age <6)
Total male Female male Female male Female male Female
1 Gandher 479 237 242 0 0 0 0 45 53
2 Harudi 576 295 281 1 0 0 0 42 31
3 Kukma 4218 2159 2059 377 322 58 46 312 263
4 Ler 344 194 150 1 0 26 13 26 35
5 Padhar 2195 1106 1089 0 1 40 32 213 200
6 Reldi Moti 155 71 84 0 0 0 0 15 20
7 Reldi Nani 125 66 59 0 0 0 0 15 10
8 Saiyedpar 54 29 25 0 0 0 0 5 4
9 Vadva 342 180 162 0 0 0 0 25 25
10 Vavdi NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Total 8488 4337 4151 379 323 124 91 698 641
Note: -NA- Information not available in Census 2001 Data.
The sex ration of the study area is noticed to be 957.1. Sex ratio is noticed above 1000 in
case of Gandher (1021.1) & Reldi Moti (1183.1). Highest sex ratio is noticed in case of Reldi
moti whereas lowest was noticed in case of Ler. However in Ler the sex ratio in child
population is noticed above 1000 which indicates good sign of gender balance possibility in
future. The details of sex ratio of the study villages are shown below in tabular form.
Table 3.22: Details of Sex Ratio of study area
Sr. No. Village Name Total SC ST Child (Age <6)
1 Gandher 1021.1 NP NP 1177.8
2 Harudi 952.5 -* NP 738.1
3 Kukma 953.7 854.1 793.1 842.9
4 Ler 773.2 -* 500.0 1346.2
5 Padhar 984.6 -* 800.0 939.0
6 Reldi Moti 1183.1 NP NP 1333.3
7 Reldi Nani 893.9 NP NP 666.7
8 Saiyedpar 862.1 NP NP 800.0
9 Vadva 900.0 NP NP 1000.0
10 Vavdi NA NA NA NA
TOTAL 957.1 852.2 733.9 918.3
Note: -* indicates either male or female population is not available for estimation. Sex Ratio= Female/1000 Male.
NP- No male & female population for estimation. NA- Information not available.



As per the information available in Census 2001 data, literacy rate in the study area is found
to be very low. More than 50% of population is found illiterate in almost all villages except in
case of Kukma. The details of literates & illiterates in study villages are presented below in
tabular form.
Table 3.23: Details of Literacy rate of study area
Sr. No. Village Person Male Female Person Male Female
Name Literate Literate Literate Illiterate Illiterate Illiterate
1 Gandher 90 67 23 389 170 219
2 Harudi 42 29 13 534 266 268
3 Kukma 2602 1432 1170 1616 727 889
4 Ler 153 105 48 191 89 102
5 Padhar 1034 648 386 1161 458 703
6 Reldi Moti 23 10 13 132 61 71
7 Reldi Nani 55 35 20 70 31 39
8 Saiyedpar 5 4 1 49 25 24
9 Vadva 160 91 69 182 89 93
10 Vavdi NA NA NA NA NA NA
Total 4164 2421 1743 4324 1916 2408
Note: NA- Information Not Available in Census 2001 Data.
The occupation structure of the study area is noticed to be average as in all villages the
numbers of non-worker is found to be higher than 50% of the total population. Further, it has
also been noticed that among total workers of the study area, the majority of the workers are
noticed in Kukma village. The lowest percentages of workers are noticed in case of Kukma,
Padhar & Vadva with 45% of total worker. Highest worker percentage is noticed in Saiyedpar
with 52% of total village population. Further considering the household size it has been
revealed that employment in the study area is noticed to be around 2 person per house hold
in all villages except Kukama, & Padhar. The overall employment of the study area is noticed
to be 1.7 person per household which is a good condition as the house hold size of the area
is noticed to be 4.7 person per household and thus giving reasonable employment as 36% of
person per household is employed. Thus issue of insufficient income for household is not
much serious in the study area. The occupation structure of the study village & study area is
presented below in tabular form.



Table 3.24: Details of occupational Structure of study area

Sr. Village Name Main Worker Marginal Worker Non Worker
No. Total male Female Total male Female Total male Female
1 Gandher 103 97 6 85 43 42 291 97 194
2 Harudi 208 194 14 28 2 26 340 99 241
3 Kukma 1148 1003 145 310 148 162 2760 1008 1752
4 Ler 109 102 7 16 7 9 219 85 134
5 Padhar 588 542 46 185 53 132 1422 511 911
6 Reldi Moti 71 41 30 3 1 2 81 29 52
7 Reldi Nani 59 29 30 3 3 0 63 34 29
8 Saiyedpar 19 18 1 9 4 5 26 7 19
9 Vadva 79 76 3 41 16 25 222 88 134
10 Vavdi NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Total 2384 2102 282 680 277 403 5424 1958 3466
Note: -NA- Information not available in Census 2001 Data.
As it has been observed in census data of village directory, in all study villages drinking water
as Tap water, bus & communication facilities, and power supply for all purpose is available.
Medical facilities is available in all villages except Gandher & Saiyedpar but as it is available
in neighbour village- Reldi Nani & Harudi (villages within 2-3 Kms) issue of medical facilities
in not serious. Similarly the education facilities, primary school is available in all villages
except Saiyedpar. However the high school is available in Kukma only. Thus, the school
facilities for all villages are available within 10 Kms and bus facilities are available as
connectivity to the Kukama from all villages which ensure the school availability to all
villages. Approach road for all villages are available. Thus all necessary public facilities &
amenities are available to all villages within study area.


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Vapi Date: 27th March 2010

Unistar Research & Environment Labs Pvt. Ltd.,

Sr. No. Description Page

Table Description Page

Figure Description Page

Condition of TOR Compliance Status & Detail

16. Generation of CO2 and their utilization have to be Complied

Red Mud pond is not required as the wet

25. Occupational health impacts on the workers and Complied

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

As mentioned in earlier paragraphs, mineral beneficiation is of great economic importance to

1.2 PROFILE OF PROPONENT

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

1.2.2 ABOUT PROMOTERS

Sr. No. Name of Directors Address

Sector specific experience of directors is shown below:

1. Nitin Patel: Acting as managing Director of Alumina Chemicals & Castables

2. Nilesh Patel: Acted as Managing Director of Alumina Chemicals & Castables

3. Nitesh Hedpara: Currently handling Finance and an independent director.

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

1.2.3 THE BUSINESS SECTOR:

1.3 PROPOSED PROJECT

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

1.3.2 PROJECT SITE

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

Figure-1.1: Map of Project Location

Figure-1.2: Satellite View of Project Site

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

1.3.3 NATURE & TYPE OF PROJECT

1.3.4 PROPOSED PRODUCTS & CAPACITY

Sr.No. Product Quantity

1.4 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK & SO 1533

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

9 The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and rules there under

1.4.2 APPLICABILITY OF SO 1533

1.5 TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA STUDY

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

1.6 NEED & SCOPE OF EIA STUDY

1.6.1.1 EIA Study:

As mentioned in earlier section of applicability of SO 1533, the proposed project being a

1.6.1.2 Public Participation:

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

1.6.2 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY:

¾ Characterization and benchmarking of existing environmental status of a core study area

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

1.7 Approach & Methodology of EIA Study

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

The following impacts of the project should be assessed:

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report

Draft Report Submission & Public Hearing

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

1.8 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT

Structure of EIA Report

S.NO EIA STRUCTURE CONTENTS

2 Project description Description of the project (based on project feasibility

REIA REPORT: M/S. ALUMINA REFINERY LTD. CHAPTER: 1

S.NO EIA STRUCTURE CONTENTS

4. Anticipated • Details of Investigated Environmental impacts due to

5. Alternative Studies • Alternative study for critical process technologies,