CSM Assignment (FINAL)

GROUP ASSIGNMENT
TECHNOLOGY PARK MALAYSIA
CT012-3.5-3-CSM
COMPUTER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
UC3F1902IT / UC3F1902IT(BIS) /
UC3F1902IT(CC) / UC3F1902IT(ISS)
HAND OUT DATE: Week 2: 1st MARCH 2019
HAND IN DATE: Week 12: 23rd MAY 2019
WEIGHTAGE: 50%
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
1 Submit your assignment at the administrative counter
2 Students are advised to underpin their answers with the use of
references (cited using the Harvard Name System of Referencing)
3 Late submission will be awarded zero (0) unless Extenuating
Circumstances (EC) are upheld
4 Cases of plagiarism will be penalized
5 The assignment should be bound in an appropriate style (comb bound or
stapled).
6 Where the assignment should be submitted in both hardcopy and softcopy, the
softcopy of the written assignment and source code (where appropriate)
should be on a CD in an envelope / CD cover and attached to the hardcopy.
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7 You must obtain 50% overall to pass this module.
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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.0 Business model ....................................................................................................................................... 6
3.0 Competitive strategy............................................................................................................................... 7
4.0 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.4 Communication ................................................................................................................................... 8
2.4 Promotions and advertisements....................................................................................................... 10
................................................................................................................................................................ 11
3.4 Organizing webinars.................................................................................................................... 11
5.0 Critical Assessment ............................................................................................................................... 12
1.5 Communication ................................................................................................................................. 12
2.5 Promotions and advertisements....................................................................................................... 13
3.5 Organizing webinars.......................................................................................................................... 13
6.0 Introduction to Autonomous self-driving technology – Ali Kamal Ali TP044009 ................................. 15
7.0 SWOT with recommendations .............................................................................................................. 16
1.7 Strength: ........................................................................................................................................... 16
1.1.7 Safe transportation .................................................................................................................... 16
2.1.7 Recommendation for the first strength ..................................................................................... 17
3.1.7 Lower Fuel Consumption: .......................................................................................................... 18
2.7 Weakness: ......................................................................................................................................... 19
1.2.7 Less internal secure environment: ............................................................................................. 19
2.2.7 The high cost of Self-Driving Cars: ............................................................................................. 20
8.0 Security Threats and Recommendation................................................................................................ 21
1.8 First security threat for the recommendation of the first strength.................................................. 21
2.8 Second security threat for the recommendation of the second strength ........................................ 23
3.8 Third security threat for the recommendation of the first weakness .............................................. 24
4.8 Fourth security threat for the recommendation of the second weakness....................................... 25
9.0 Supply Chain enabler ............................................................................................................................ 26
1.9 Artificial intelligence (AI): .................................................................................................................. 26
2.9 Internet-of-Things (IoT)..................................................................................................................... 27
10.Selected product : Hybrids cars of Toyota-Omar Abdulaziz(TP043559) ................................................ 28
11. Strength and weaknesses ..................................................................................................................... 28
1.11 Strength of Hybrid cars .................................................................................................................. 29
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2.11 Weaknesses of Hybrid cars ............................................................................................................ 29
12. Recommendation ................................................................................................................................. 30
1.12 Cost leadership............................................................................................................................... 30
2.12 Differentiation................................................................................................................................. 30
3.12 Growth ........................................................................................................................................... 31
4.12 Growth ............................................................................................................................................ 31
13. Security threats and recommend solution ........................................................................................... 31
Security threats........................................................................................................................................ 31
1.13 Data Breach (for cost leadership and differentiation of strength) ................................................ 31
2.13 Recommend Solution (for cost leadership and differentiation of strength Encryption ................. 32
3.13 Lack of protection physically (For both growth of the recommended weaknesses) ..................... 32
4.13 Recommend Solution(For both growth of the recommended weaknesses) ................................. 32
(security management system) ................................................................................................................ 32
14.Supply chain Technologies ..................................................................................................................... 33
1.14 Computer Aid Engineering (CAE) ................................................................................................... 33
2.14 Computer Graphics ........................................................................................................................ 35
15 Automobile – Mueen Ali Awadh TP044008 ........................................................................................... 37
16. SWOT Analysis of Automobile: ............................................................................................................. 38
1.16 Strengths of Automobile: ............................................................................................................ 38
1.1.16 Extensive Production and Distribution Network: .................................................................... 38
1.1.1. Strong Market Position and Brand Recognition: ................................................................ 39
2.16 Weaknesses of Automobile: ....................................................................................................... 39
1.1.16 Declining sales in key geographic segments:........................................................................... 39
1.1.1. Product recalls could affect brand image ............................................................................ 40
17. Security threat: ................................................................................................................................ 40
1.17 Social Engineering: ..................................................................................................................... 40
1.1.17 Solution: .............................................................................................................................. 41
2.17 Physical Security and less protection: ......................................................................................... 41
1.2.17 Solution: .............................................................................................................................. 42
18. Supply chain Technology: .............................................................................................................. 42
a. Computer Aided Design (CAD): ....................................................................................................... 43
b. 3D Printing: ..................................................................................................................................... 43
References .................................................................................................................................................. 45
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1.0 Introduction
This assignment will be about Toyota by four group members the requirements of the assignments
divided and this the requirements of the assignments is , company background , competitive
analysis , analyzing three methods and providing critical assessment based on the item finding .
Toyota is automobile manufacturer company which is located in japan. This company has
founded in 28 august 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda and the Key people is Takeshi Uchiyamada.
Toyota makes vehicles under their own brand name. Toyota has the first and the biggest place in
japan has taken the second largest place around the world. Toyota also has market share in in
Asia and Europe. (PARKER, 2016)
2.0 Business model

Toyota has developed their models year by year. The more years to come the more new models
has entered to their services and now will identify some of the models that Toyota has developed
from 1970 till 2010 , At the begin Toyota has managed to become the fourth largest car
manufacture in the world and that was at the first and later Toyota has entered luxury market which
is foundation by the Lexus due to of the success and also has developed new luxuries
models .Toyota also has got the world bestselling hybrid car while other manufactures was
struggling at began 2000 . So, Toyota was growing year by year by developing their models till
become the world’s biggest car manufacture in the world in 2007.
Toyota generate their revenue by firstly automobile industry around the world, by making
different vehicles for different countries, depends on what country mostly like the type of cars and
sell it to them that was on of the success of the Toyota that make them increase their revenue.
Toyota has sits at over quarter million different type of vehicles annually and half of these vehicles
are exported to 70 countries .secondly Toyota generate their revenue also by selling automobile
parts to the countries that Toyota are exported their car .Third Toyota generate their revenue by
doing services like a banking and financing and leasing. In effect, Japanese auto manufacturers
have managed to extend the specialization and timing integral to modern factory production to a
much wider regional space. (Aki Pekuri1, 2014)
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3.0 Competitive strategy
Toyota uses two strategies as their generic strategies, low cost together with differentiation strategy
in order to obtain a competitive advantage in the automotive industry. The differentiation strategy
is first generic competitive strategy that is implemented by Toyota company. The main objective
of the differentiation strategy is that it aims at differentiating its products form the other products
of its competitors. Toyota do not acquire the market share by using the same global marketing
strategies as some of its competitors like ford, instead Toyota adopts specific marketing strategy
for each market. For example, Toyota manufactures two types of products, products which can be
sold globally as well as other products that can be sold in a specific country (Business Research,
2015). Toyota cares about the local customer’s requirements as it manufactured products based on
the local customers requirements. For instance, Toyota do not manufacture some of the global
models to a country like Saudi Arabia, owing to the fact that the climate along with environment
are different. Thus, these models will not be effective in this country. As a result, Toyota aims to
make all its customers satisfied by providing specific products that suits their customers in
different countries. Toyota obviously succeeded in manufacturing products that are different from
competitor’s products due to the adoption of the differentiation strategy (Business Research, 2015).
This strategy gives Toyota the ability to price its products as they wish, since their products are
different than their competitor’s. The differentiation strategy has been successful for Toyota as it
helped Toyota in acquiring the market share. It has been said that the marketing strategies plays a
major role in the success of Toyota because Toyota has different strategies for each geographic
location. Some companies like ford has failed since their strategy aims to sell the same product
globally. Hence, Toyota adopts different strategies in different countries of operations and that
resulted in a massive increment of the sales.
Cost leadership strategy is also one of the strategies that are used by Toyota in order to have a
great competitive advantage in the automotive industry. Toyota is considered as the low-cost
producer in the automotive industry (StudyLib, n.d.). The cost leadership strategy is achieved by
Toyota because of four things, they carefully choose as well as control their suppliers, products
are distributed efficiently, lean production and low servicing costs from quality product. By
adopting these things, Toyota has successfully been the low-cost leader.
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Toyota also adopts grand strategies such as product development and offensive strategies which
are considered as their current grand strategies. In order for Toyota to stay competitive in the
automotive industry and not to fall behind, there is a need of coming up with new fresh ideas every
year, for that reason, Toyota uses the development strategy. Toyota has been an industry leader
due to its development strategy. (StudyLib, n.d.) Toyota remines on the offensive to maintain its
market share and not letting its market share to be taken by other competitors. Toyota has always
stayed on the offensive which enabled Toyota to look for ways that make the company better than
its competitors. Toyota capitalizes on its competitors when they show weaknesses to gain
advantage and to be one step ahead of its competitors.
4.0 Methods
Toyota has many methods with technologies to keep its customer loyalty connected with the
company. There are three methods will be explained more in the next sections which will be
communication with its technology, promotions and advertisements and organizing webinars.
1.4 Communication
The companies need to have
communication method to can handle
the customer’s issues in an effective
way. The technology that supporting
communication method such as email
and social media technology which are
important for all companies. Further, it
helps to improve customer loyalty to the
company. The customer service gains
more customers in the trade area because
the customers need to get answers and
solutions for their questions and issues.
The Toyota customer support is a part of
communication technologies where the Figure 1: communication technology (jliande, May 8, 2016)
customer can communicate the company

directly by calling, message, email, visiting the Toyota customer service or even by social media.
Toyota customer supports of Malaysia have two types of service which are Toyota Customer
Service and Roadside Assistance where these two types support the client who facing any
problems with their vehicles. (customerservicedirectory, 2013)
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Recently, Toyota works more to provide high-quality service and product to get customer trust
which giving the customer high-quality product plus best after sales service and support which
result in the strong trust for the customer to the company.
Figure 2 Figure 2: customer’s trust (india, 2015)
Toyota has three forms which called 3S forms which are Seikaku, Shinsetsu and Shinrai. These three
forms provide techniques for how to get more customers and get their loyalty. The figure below
represents the 3S forms. (toyotamaterialhandlingindia, 2013)
Figure 3 Figure 3: 3S forms (india, 2015)
Generally, Toyota service has numbers to contact and answer any questions from customers, service
center to serve any technical problems and Locate Dealers to check about price and new models of any
products belong to Toyota. As well, there is an online contact. (customercarecontacts, 2012)
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2.4 Promotions and advertisements
Recently, sales promotions and advertisements
method become important to attract more
customers due to modern technologies. In other
meaning, Toyota motivates the customers Through
e-bonus packs, e-coupons and e-discounts. Further,
the customers can get e-double coupons, among
others from retailers. The former is called the
promotion of the consumer and the latter is called
the promotion of the retail. As well as, Toyota has
Figure 4 Figure 4: Promotions (Analytics, 2015)
promotions for business oriented that motivates its
wholesalers through merchandise discounts and Off-invoice discounts to purchase products they
offer (trade
promotion). Toyota has media relationship management which manages the enhancement
where it focuses on the costs to customers. Toyota has information system which is media
websites such as Facebook, Twitter and the commercial websites that shows the sales
promotions and advertisements of Toyota's products. Thus, customers can be closer to the
company by connecting from different parts of the world. The customers always will be informed
about any news, promotions or events by its websites. Toyota has focused more on its customer
by maintaining Toyota brands in Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, and Malaysia. The mentioned
countries above considered as the most manufacturing inputs for Toyota hence the promotion
of mutual interdependence so the parts of the brand at various tariff rates can be shipped. When
the clients recognize that Toyota provides all the parts of the brand at suitable tariff rates in the
local market, they will trust in Toyota and will purchase many products. (Henderson, 2014)
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Figure 5 Figure 5: Promotions (Wijesiri, 1st of August, 2018)
3.4 Organizing webinars

The future of technology has improved these days, new technologies contain robotics and
artificial intelligence data mining, data privacy, future transport and renewable power. Thus,
these technologies impact a human's life. Toyota has improved its conference to be webinars
on YouTube, Facebook and more in social media.
Toyota always organize webinars for its customer to answer their questions and share ideas
about innovation for Toyota products. This method works by online system such as live
streaming which is YouTube live, Facebook live, twitter live or any social media live
streaming. Toyota live streaming discuss the challenge and how can improve by getting ideas
from clients who participate in this streaming. Toyota has channel in YouTube to show their
products. (Huetter, 2018) (Emma Johnson, 2018 )
Figure 6 Figure 6: Organizing webinars (Emma Johnson, 2018)
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5.0 Critical Assessment
Toyota organization as known as one of the biggest markets in
the world that create and sells a modern car in globally. In
addition, in the previous section of Toyota there were a three
methods has been chosen as best for Toyota organization
which that assisted the organization to increase the income, so
as mentioned in the previous section, the methods has
explained together with the technologies of each method, thus
Figure 7 Figure 1 critical assessment
here in the critical assessment will explain more about it and
evaluate the technologies and add some technologies if necessary as follow.
1.5 Communication
Communication is one of the important methods that have a
large impact on the Toyota company to the efficiency way,
so as mentioned in the previous section, communication
consider as useful methods that Toyota need to implement,
(UKEssays logo, 2017) so by communication surely could
provide easy way to make the clients be in touch with Toyota
in an effective way, also one of the big impact of
communication is having loyal clients, However, that all can Figure 8 Figure 2 Communication
be happened by those technologies which are email and

social media technologies and there more technologies has the same impact on the company in
same level such as direct calling and message technologies to Q and A the of the clients. Further,
Toyota got one of the real communication with the customers around the world by established
small shops to maintenances and solve any problem facing the owners in each country. In the end,
Toyota able to increase their clients by improving this communication the future as adding new
features like allows the customer using the products before buying it, as explained these
technologies work in an effective way.
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2.5 Promotions and advertisements
Nowadays, Toyota’s promotion and advertisements
method cover all the tactics of marketing
communications. (Hackley, 2017) This element of the
marketing mix pertains to how the firm communicates
with the target market. Toyota uses the following
promotion activities, arranged according to significance
Personal selling, Advertising, Public relations, Sales
promotion and Direct selling So as mentioned in the Figure
Figure10 Promotionsand
9 Promotions andadvertisements
advertisements
methods section the promotion and advertisements
consider as a good method that impact on Toyota to correct way. In addition, the technologies that
could be used in these methods are e-bonus packs, e-coupons and e-discounts - discounts and Off-
invoice discounts those technologies are great to attract more clients to modern products.
Furthermore, there are other technologies that Toyota used for increasing their income like media
websites such as Facebook, Twitter and the commercial websites all those technologies usually
could be assisted Toyota to shows the clients their new products and prices easily and efficiency.
In the end, this method both with technologies has a perfect and great impact on Toyota to the best,
so no need to change the methods or technologies.
3.5 Organizing webinars

Organizing webinars as one of the methods that have been
chosen in the previous section of Toyota, (Huetter, 2018)
so this method can improve the communication between
the small offices besides the headquarter of Toyota and
with other companies. In addition, for the seller's
department of Toyota, a webinar represents a great way to
Figure 11 Organizing webinars
engage with prospective clients in a safety way, by
providing instruction or advice that is valuable to them. Figure 12 Figure Organizing webinars
Meanwhile, Toyota could get to capture participant details
and develop qualified leads for them sales funnel. Besides that, the technologies that has been
chosen in this method are conference to be webinars on YouTube, Facebook and more in social
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media. In the end, this method both with the technologies considered as the best for Toyota
organization that surely will impact on Toyota to correct way.
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6.0 Introduction to Autonomous self-driving technology – Ali Kamal Ali
TP044009
Autonomous self-driving is a modern technology for the car which drives itself without needing
human driving, many companies such as Audi, Mercedes, Toyota, Nissan and Tesla which they
are competing to manufacture and develop a fully autonomous self-driving car. A self - driving
car performs a cycle of situational perception, thinking about it and taking action depending on the
evaluation. High - tech devices assume responsibility for each of these tasks. This new approach
needs three actions to make it work. firstly, to perceive which needs cameras. Secondly, to think
which needs computers. Thirdly, to act which needs controllers. These three parts are the most
important to develop an autonomous self-driving car. The figure below explains the difference
between human driving and self-driving (Menke, 2018).
Figure 13: comparing between Self-driving car and human driven car (Menke, 2018)
In other meaning, under specific conditions, the car can drive itself without human’s control.
However, the driver needs to control the car when it is necessary. The driver can use own phone,
read the newspaper and even watching a movie while the auto self-driving is working but may it
need to be controlled by the driver when the car gets off from the way. Some people have other
opinions about this technology which they think it is only partially self-driving. (Walker, 2019):
Figure 14 A side-by-side comparison with a conventional, human-driven car illustrates where the components of a self-driving
car are located. (Menke, 2018).
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Toyota is one of the autonomous vehicle companies where before 2015, they were most skeptical
about self-driving cars, but they made a big investment to catch up in 2015. Over five years, Toyota
has developed robotics and AI technology by investing $ 1 billion at the Toyota Research Institute.
Toyota is planning to begin products in 2020 based on its Highway Teammate programs. The CEO
of the Toyota Research Institute who is Gill Pratt believes “no one in Toyota from IT industries or
the automobile is close to achieving true Level 5 autonomy, even no one in Toyota is close”.
However, he believes that a number of companies are very likely to have Level 4 cars operating
in specific areas within a decade, which would be very useful for the ride-sharing companies
(Walker, 2019).
7.0 SWOT with recommendations

The figure below highlights the whole points in SWOT to self-driving cars. However, just two
SWOT are required which are strength and weakness. Both of them will be explained and provided
a recommendation for each one.
Strength Weakness
Safe transportation Less internal secure environment
Lower Fuel Consumption The high cost of Self-Driving Cars
1.7 Strength:
1.1.7 Safe transportation
The self-driving cars have an advantage in
transportation which is possibly safer. The
automated vehicle helps to increase the flow of
traffic control because most human errors are
eliminated by it. The machine
hardware/software is not complete where there
is still some worry about the potential risk to Figure 15: The new e-Palette Concept Vehicle in the near
term (KOROSEC, January 8, 2018)
have happened. Nevertheless, the human risks
are more dangerous than the risks of the automated vehicle, where more than 80% of
automobile deadly accidents are caused by human error, either distraction, malice,
negligence, incapacitation or other uniquely human quality. So, the self-driving helps to
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decrease the risk in and to help people to have comfort transportation. The automated
driving provides to people luxury life without any stresses where they can drink coffee,
read the newspaper and anything else. There are no rules for the passenger in automated
driving cars, so the passenger can have relaxing (selfdrivingcarproject, 2015). Where
Toyota is working on a new bus self-driving with other innovative companies such as
Amazon, Uber, and Pizza Hut. they are developing new Self-Driving Shuttle which called
e-Palette. It can be used to supply people to their destination — or packages they ordered.
And in 2020 it could only reach the Olympics (KOROSEC, January 8, 2018).
2.1.7 Recommendation for the first strength

The most suitable recommend
solutions based on Porter’s
Competitive Advantage Strategy is
by using innovation strategy. So, to
improve the self-driving vehicles
transportations, there are some
people at the University of
Figure 16: how which is V2X intelligent connectivity works
Melbourne's Transport Technology (Tabora, 2018)
program provide improvements in transportation to can get cleaner, smarter and safer
transport which need to focus at whole the network which means every vehicle whether
buses, cars, trucks, bicycles, traffic signals and trams need to be connected in a huge
network. By providing advanced technology network in the infrastructure which called
V2X, all road users can cooperate in and connect with each other. This infrastructure
system will help the road users to know whether there is traffic or not which helps to keep
traffic flowing better. As well as, this system can improve itself and learn more because it
is artificial intelligent-based. According to research that more than 90 percent of road
crashes are reduced by using self-driving vehicles in transportations. This technology can
be called 'intelligent connectivity'. Intelligent connectivity technology provides
information to road users that the machine - based intelligence built into the transport
system senses, processes and distributes. where this overarching intelligence enables the
road users to re-think about the abilities of self-driving vehicles (Sarvi, 2018).
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Figure 7: sample of intelligent connectivity infrastructure which is V2X (Tabora,
2018)
3.1.7 Lower Fuel Consumption:

After 2020, most of the cars are expected to be electrical. So, the self-driving car is
considered as an electric car, the self-driving cars use the batteries rather than the fuel. The
self-driving cars have an approach called V2X which helps to save energy and give the car
its range. If the self-driving car follows optimum roads in moving to their destination, the
energy will be saved. Recently, Toyota works on electronic self-driving car saving energy.
Electrical cars and self-driving cars decrease the amount of fuel required, so this result in
less environmental pollution. It is also estimated that the elimination of traffic congestion
could save some 2.9 billion gallons of fuel yearly (Bell, 2016).
Figure 17: Saving energy and less fuel consuming (Bell, 2016).
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1.3.1.7 Recommendation for the second strength:
The most suitable recommend solutions based
on Porter’s Competitive Advantage Strategy
is by using growth strategy. The company will
improve its business in some rural areas and
fare distance which lack electricity. So, the
self-driving car companies need to provide
electric charging stations for their cars along Figure 18: Electric charging stations for cars (Begley,
2018)
highways and roadways between cities. The distance that an electric vehicle can travel is
affected by environmental conditions. Steep climbing hills and the use of air conditioning
in warm seasons will consume the energy from the battery range (Baker, OCTOBER 15,
2014).
2.7 Weakness:
1.2.7 Less internal secure environment:
The general fact is that connected
systems such as autonomous cars always
have vulnerabilities and gaps. The
internal attackers from Toyota may
exploit the weaknesses in the cloud
where they improve their attacks to can
access to controller area network (CAN)
Figure 8: Hackers can access to self-driving cars and
bus systems, vehicle electronic control control them (Janes, February-2019)
units (ECUs), even automotive apps and intelligent transportation systems (ITS). To
attack the connected system of Toyota, it requires man-in-the-middle and man-at-the-
end attacks, remote and in-vehicle tampering, and reverse engineering. Once the
hackers control the self-driving car, they can do whatever such as killing, hurt people
or even do own revenge. It is an important problem which the Toyota company must
focus on it and prevent it. This issue may cause loss the customers and loss the profits
of Toyota company which may cause potential criminal courts (Janes, February-2019).
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1.1.2.7 Recommendation for the first weakness
The most suitable recommend solutions
based on Porter’s Competitive Advantage
Strategy is by using focusing and
innovation strategies. So, the companies
need to improve their security in self- Figure 9: perimeter security for self-driving car (Janes,
February-2019).
driving cars products. As well as, more
focus on the automated car industry. In the beginning, the original equipment
manufacturers (OEMs) of Toyota need to do the assessment for the threats for the cars.
This assessment could help them to detect the threats and weaknesses. So, they can find
their position of security within the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) ecosystem. This
process could help the OEMs to understand the security factors in the products where
the security may be different from product to product. The cybersecurity needs to be
applied in-depth in self-driving cars products to can defensive from any attacks. To
apply this approach, there are some security layers included to implement them in the
transportation network which is better than protecting the system from outside-in that
approach is known as perimeter security. The run-time integrity verification considered
as an in-depth security strategy which helps to decrease the threats in the automotive
field. This strategy would not allow the attackers to hold the car hostage (Janes,
February-2019).
2.2.7 The high cost of Self-Driving Cars:

Self-Driving Cars cost a higher price than older (less safe) vehicles due to the modern
technologies in the car such as namely sensors, communication devices, the systems
underlying HAVs, and radar. So, the people who deserve to get it, cannot afford the
high price. Where not all the majority of average people can afford the cost and buy it.
So, the people who cannot buy it, they may get risks of accidents and may die on the
road. All of that because their cars are old and lack of advanced security on theirs. Some
people have suggested that by offering this vehicles-for-hire, the inability to buy HAVs
directly may be circumvented. Similar to modern taxis, this system distributes
operating costs to a large number of consumers, making mobility services more
affordable (Hernandez, JANUARY 31, 2019).
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Figure 19: cost of Self-Driving Cars (DAVIES, 22 of April-2015)
1.2.2.7 Recommendation for the second weakness

The most suitable recommend solutions based on Porter’s Competitive Advantage
Strategy is by using cost leadership strategy. The companies who manufacture self-
driving cars such as Toyota, need to decrease their price in the global market to attract
people to buy, where Toyota's shares will be increased in the self-driving cars industry.
Generally, self-driving cars companies plain to decrease the price within the incoming
four years. Where everyone can buy and try this modern technology. By reducing the
cost of self-driving cars, the risk of an accident will be less and less time coasting in
driving (Lienert, DECEMBER 5, 2017).
8.0 Security Threats and Recommendation

1.8 First security threat for the recommendation of the first strength
Company: Toyota
Selected Product/Service: Autonomous self-driving Cars
Recommended Solution: Innovation – Advanced technology network in the infrastructure for the
self-driving vehicles transportations
Security Threat 1: Network failure
Solution/Preventive Measurement 1: The model of the physical world
The autonomous vehicles system must have communication with other autonomous vehicles
which every vehicle has own signals in the road. For example, if an autonomous vehicle needs to
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stop, it sends signals to surrounding cars to be noted that will be stopped. Likewise, if there is an
obstacle on the way, the car will recognize it and send signals to other vehicles to be aware.
Nevertheless, there is a network or communication failure which due to the movement of the
vehicles themselves, objects in the environment and natural accidents such as unstable weather.
Additionally, if the nodes of the network move, it will cause failure to the performance of wireless
networks (Feigenoff, March 05, 2018). Vehicles with a large reflective surface passing a tractor-
trailer which can generate a multi-track interference to cancel the communications signal. In such
situations, the best reaction to this signal and its protection cannot be determined by the following
vehicles.
The group of three University of Virginia engineers

realized the solution for the failure of wireless
communication of the autonomous vehicles which use this
equipment to shape the physical word and, after doing so,
to build a wireless channel model that reflects that sense.
So, to create the model of the physical world, it needs to
do testing on an autonomous racing car which connected
within 1/10-scale. This autonomous racing car would be
tested thousands of times in serious situations. During
these tests, the data will be gathered from the physical
world and the wireless channel to estimate the future
channel properties and use these data, combined with
Figure 20: how self-driving cars can understand the world
forecasted motion paths (Feigenoff, March 05, 2018). around them (Hook, FEBRUARY 21, 2018)
So, Toyota needs to do develop its autonomous vehicles
communications to protect its customers' life from any dead accident. Where Toyota can improve
its network communication as what the three researchers from the University of Virginia did.
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2.8 Second security threat for the recommendation of the second strength
Company: Toyota
Recommended Solution: Innovation – electric charging stations for cars
Security Threat 2: Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) Failures
Solution/Preventive Measurement 2: Safety assessments and inspections and testing periodic
The electronic charging stations for a car have different voltages and models. The voltages
classified from 110 volts to 500 volts-125 amperes. The most common voltages for the stations
within the nation’s infrastructure is 240 volts-32 amps. Many cities decided to utilize the free
charging stations funded by the government. The stations have been added to many places such as
parking garages, city streets and parks. However, there is an issue which is copper theft, accidents
including the charging devices, chaffed cables or vandalism. If this risk happens, many people do
not know what to do in an emergency situation. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) breaker
is designed shut down electrical power within as little as 1/40 of a second in case of ground-fault
where it compares the amount of current that goes to the circuit conductors and returning from the
equipment (Maddox, July 08, 2015). GFCI breaker has relied upon the industry to protect the
public. The national electrical manufacturers association (NEMA) found some reasons for failures:
where 8.7 percent of receptacle GFCIs in high lightning places were not operational comparing
to 8.0 percent in low lightning places. Besides that, 8.5 percent in warm places, the GFCI
receptacles were not running comparing to cooler places which are 8.2 percent. In addition, 10.5
percent of receptacle GFCIs in high humidity places were not running compared to the dry places.
When GFCI failure has happened, anyone may get hurt while connecting to the electric charging
stations. Many companies lack safety precautions such as signage, periodic inspections and safety
training to protect the public. So, the GFCI failure creates a dangerous situation where Toyota
should do some solutions for this risk (Maddox, July 08, 2015). Toyota must teach and develop a
team to test and review the GFCI breakers frequently and compare it with other charging station.
Toyota should keep the previous records in purpose in any inspection. As well as, Toyota needs to
show the safety signs to the public to protect them from electrocution if happened.
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3.8 Third security threat for the recommendation of the first weakness
Company: Toyota
Recommended Solution: focusing and innovation – perimeter security and secure environment
Security Threat 3: Cybersecurity threat
Solution/Preventive Measurement 3: Nvidia drive platform and Argus Connectivity Protection
Hackers can hack self-driving like any electronic devices. The Autonomous cars could be hacked
by advanced skills of hacking where the hacker can control the vehicle’s steering and the speed.
This may compromise the driver's safety and may cause death for them. Where the terrorist can
use this way as a weapon. The self-driving cars considered as an electronic computer, so it may
face a cybersecurity threat. The hackers always exploit any weakness in cybersecurity to control
the vehicle. The cybersecurity can happen in physical access or online access control. when the
self-driving cars have fully relied on the outside connection that based on the cloud services which
means the car needs internet-connectivity to do its functionality. As well as, there are cars depend
on outside sensors to run its needed. So, this kind of cars can be attacked by hackers (University,
FEBRUARY 16, 2017). In other words, any computer system with an external interface can
possibly be hacked. Every programmer knows that Every system has bugs especially when the
system is very complex. So, security vulnerabilities may cause bugs to the system such as the
cybersecurity.
Toyota can solve this issue by applying the Nvidia drive platform which contents a new layer of
defense. It is new protection technology which helps to protect the connected systems from
potential cybersecurity attacks. Also, there is Argus connectivity protection prevents the
installation of malware, detects system abnormalities, isolates suspected activity and prevents
vehicle injections. Argus Lifespan Protection always does check and monitor those cars connected
to the cloud. After that, do an analysis of the checked car identify patterns and emerging attacks
(Rees, 09 Jan 2019 ).
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4.8 Fourth security threat for the recommendation of the second weakness
Company: Toyota
Recommended Solution: cost leadership – Decrease the cost
Security Threat 4: data breach
Solution/Preventive Measurement 4: data-centric solution and Encryption
Dangers aimed at various data types can be caused by individual employees, suppliers and
consultants accessing the own network and individuals outside of the company. They can access
and get the data from its own network, this can occur via external e-mail accounts, phone devices
and the cloud services if the company uses it to stores its data on it. In order to protect the data
from these threats, traditional perimeter protection is no longer enough. The Insiders who work
with Toyota maybe access and get the data of the Toyota productions which means the protection
of the data failed (Kovacs, March 29, 2019). The sensitive information of the self-driving cars may
be leaked by the discontinued staff. External people can install malware on employee computers
with emails or malicious websites, and so get usernames and password. Cloud data are often
accessed by the staff of the cloud services supplier, and e-mails are often lost, hacked, or
compromised on mobile devices (CLOUDMASK, 2016).
So, Toyota has to identify and find solutions to this threat which reduce their risk by identifying
the consequences for corresponding data violations. The data breach threat can be solved by
providing a data-centric solution which helps to let the administrative control the employee who
can read specific files and data sets. This type of control is provided by encryption technology, but
it must be the right type of encryption. When a particular file or email is properly encrypted, the
administrative of Toyota can always check who can read it. Although if the IT system has data
breached and unauthorized people are unable to access the data, they cannot read it and a data
breach is avoided in connection with it. Like this Cloud Mask application which can decrease the
data violation risk to acceptable levels and protect the company against the ruinously high cost of
data violation. By this application, only the authorized employee can access the data by decrypting
it. No one can see the sensitive data of Toyota company (CLOUDMASK, 2016)
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Figure 21: CloudMask encryption application functions (Nabeel, January 2011)
9.0 Supply Chain enabler

Nowadays, many manufacturers and logistics companies are introducing new technologies into
their production lines and logistics businesses. They leverage existing digital ecosystems and are
looking for new ways of doing business irrespective of size and capital to remain relevant in
hypercompetitive markets following an Uberization phenomenon. Where the digital capabilities
are used to create the value of the business and climb up the ladder. Moreover, many companies
are keen to use new coming technology to improve their production lines, business processes and
logistics (Mansuri, 2018). Recent developments in the technologies of the supply chain which
focus on an intelligent solution driven to reduce the operating costs and enhance efficiency.
Technologies such as Artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet-of-Things (IoT).
1.9 Artificial intelligence (AI):

Artificial Intelligence is a computer science
area which focuses on the development of smart
machines that function and react like humans.
Learning, problem-solving, speech recognition
and planning are some AI computers activities.
The core part of AI research is knowledge
engineering. Only if machines have abundant
information concerning the world can often act
Figure 22: Artificial intelligence like the human brain (Brown,
like people. For the purpose of implementing January 15, 2019)
knowledge engineering, artificial intelligence
must have access to categories, objects, properties and relationships (Rouse, August 2018). It is a
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difficult and tedious task to initiate common sense, reasoning and problem-solving power. Where
artificial intelligence (AI) can be weak or strong. AI's special applications include specialized
systems, voice and machine vision recognition.
The process of the supply chain can create revolutionize due to Artificial intelligence (AI). The
use of advanced artificial intelligence computing helps to perform human tasks including training
which can be greatly aided in unlocking the potential of workers. When the artificial intelligence
Integrates with supply chain technology, it would help to overcome several regulatory barriers
such as a self-driving vehicle's voice recognition (scmdojo, 2019). The continuous collaboration
and seamless flow of information will also shape the future of the supply chain with Artificial
Intelligence. For example, AI systems power driverless vehicles are extensively trained in virtual
simulations in order to prepare the vehicle for almost every road event.
2.9 Internet-of-Things (IoT)

The Internet of Things is a worldwide
reference to the billions of physical devices
that are linked, gathered and shared their data
with the internet. From a pill to an airplane to
a self-driving car, everything is turntable into
part of the IoT through low-cost processing
and wireless networks. This adds to devices
that would otherwise be stupid, allowing
them to communicate real-time data without
involvement by human beings that merge
digital and physical worlds effectively.
Figure 23: Internet of things applications (Rouse, March
Virtually every physical object can be
2019).
transformed and controlled into an IoT
device, if it is connected to the Internet (Rouse, March 2019). IoT is becoming more effective in
organizations in a wide range of industries, enhancing clients ' understanding, improving their
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decisions and increasing the value of their companies. The IoT is also used in self-driving cars
with integrated sensors for warning of low pneumatic pressure and other natural problems.
The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the Internet connectivity of several devices. This IoT
connective is used for self-driving cars to update their user-based algorithms. These independent
vehicles require a huge amount of data collection and processing. Where the Autonomous cars
share information and the data that has been mapped out about the route through IoT technology.
The gained information provides details about the actual route, traffic and how to overcome
obstacles. This information is shared among IoT-connected vehicles and wirelessly uploaded to a
cloud system to be analyzed and automated. While IoT accelerates the development of today's self-
driving automobiles, the people have tried for years to tackle this idea
10.Selected product : Hybrids cars of Toyota-Omar Abdulaziz(TP043559)

Hybrid Cars uses two or more separate power types, such as the internal combustion engine, in
order to drive an electric generator powering an electric motor and submarines using diesels when
the batteries surface. The two systems are used to power the driving wheels directly together.
(Evanes, 2018)
11. Strength and weaknesses
Figure 24 SWOT analysis of Hybrids
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1.11 Strength of Hybrid cars
1. Rapid innovation capabilities
The thing that Toyota outperforms other companies is getting new ideas from time to time,
when Toyota makes a model of hybrid cars. Toyota is studying the market requirements
every two years as this study helps Toyota a lot in the manufacture of car hybrids.
According to the study, Toyota is manufacturing a new and modern model of car hybrids
that appeal to customers. Toyota is also very successful in this field, which makes every
period new thing different and modern to customers. (Paul Betancourt, 2018)
2. unique Design
The unique design that made Toyota succeed in Hybrid cars, which also made auto makers
compete with Toyota in this type of car, Toyota launched a kind of these cars called Prius, this
type of car was very successful because of the unique design that blends cars Traditional cab
and family cars which made them eye-catching . This has led to an increase in the demand for
this type of car in some countries, which made this type of cars in its unique design overcome
its competitors who sell the same cars. (Northcott, 2017)
2.11 Weaknesses of Hybrid cars
1. Huge orders
At the time of the launch of this type of hybrid cars, Toyota has put a certain number
of these cars for sale and did not expect Toyota to be a demand for these cars as
dramatically as happened later suddenly. And after the sudden increase in demand
for these cars, the company has processed about 60,000 orders later to buy this type
of cars and this will take time to meet the demand, like five or six months and this
is a major challenge for the company faced within a specific time frame. (Nkomo,
2017)
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2. Target market focused in japan more than other countries
Although Toyota has achieved success in hybrids cars, the most models and types
of these cars sold in Japan very much more than any other place and this sales
accounted for 14 percent of the total, which means that more than half of these cars
sold in Japan only and that means that Toyota should expand further outside the
country. This is reflected negatively on the company, which must offer this type of
cars to other countries and sell them there, making the sale equally in Japan and
others to achieve the success for Toyota.
12. Recommendation
▪ Strength
✓ Rapid innovation capabilities
1.12 Cost leadership

Low cost relative to rivals, Toyota must take into their consideration the price that will be set on
the new cars that will put it on the market. If Toyota put hybrids in expensive cars, that would
result in not selling so many cars of that kind. It is therefore necessary that Toyota take into their
consideration its competitors in the market for this type of car and look at the prices they put and
then put lower prices on the new cars and then this price will attract the customer to buy this new
cars.
✓ Unique Design
2.12 Differentiation
Unique features, Toyota should do more by manufacturing hybrid cars for different
countries with features tailored to each country. Toyota also has to make this type of car with
different features in Japan in order to maintain its profits by diversifying its car designs and
offering new features and proportional to the people. For example, Tesla diversifying its car
designs and offering new features to their customers in different countries . (fredogin, 2019)
▪ Weaknesses
✓ Huge orders
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3.12 Growth
Expand Production capacity, Toyota should increase the manufacturing of automobile
hybrids, through which demand has increased significantly from Japan as well as other countries.
Expand globally, Toyota must cover market demand by building its factories in more than one
country as well. Through these factories that will manufacture hybrids Toyota cars market covers
the demand of internal and external market needs as well. (Yazdanifard, 2014)
✓ Target market focused in japan more than other countries

✓ Target market focused in japan more than other countries
4.12 Growth
Expand Globally, Toyota worked more in the country of origin which is Japan, Toyota's business
was by providing the Japanese requirements and manufacturing them suitable vehicles for them,
making the sales of hybrids cars in Japan more than half for this type of car and this made profits
for the company through. But Toyota must expand globally by provide in their online system the
prices of each country that the customers can accept the prices that offered by Toyota which is a
good prices and different prices as well depends in the country environment to achieve more profit
and overall market capitalization is large. (Yazdanifard, 2014)
13. Security threats and recommend solution

Security threats
1.13 Data Breach (for cost leadership and differentiation of strength)

When Toyota is reaching out to a new idea and that is manufacturing a new type of car
hybrids with determining the new prices and the designs of it. Data of this idea or scheme
of this new type, which has not been put on the market after, it may be theft and may be
carried out by one of the employees because of problems in the company or a small salary
may be paid to Leak the prices and design that Toyota will offer for its new cars so those
employees sell those information to other company, which will expose Toyota to the loss
by taking other companies these leaks For new Toyota data and took the scheme of Toyota
to manufacture a new type of cars and the scheme may be the form and price also helps
other companies to take this data and work on it. (Cate, 2018)
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2.13 Recommend Solution (for cost leadership and differentiation of strength Encryption
-To solve this problem, it needs a data-centric solution that allows Toyota tightly control
who can read or see their new data sets about the new cars with their prices and the new
design too before it launches.
Encryption offers this kind of control, but it has to be the right kind of encryption. If a data
that Toyota put about their new cars or new prices and new design is encrypted properly,
Toyota can control who can read it at all times. Even if there is a data breach of Toyota
system and unauthorized individuals gain access to the data, employees will not be able to
read it and a data breach with respect to that data is avoided. The only people who can get
the information about the new things that Toyota put only the people who work on this not
all the employees so by using the encryption all the new information will be saved . (Cate,
2018)
3.13 Lack of protection physically (For both growth of the recommended weaknesses)
When Toyota decides to expand its work physically by building factories in other countries,
these places or countries chosen by Toyota may be unsuitable or security is almost non-
existent, so Toyota may lose from this expansion, which will expose factories in other
countries to risk and thus loss. Some of the undeveloped countries or countries where gangs
are available, when choosing Toyota to build hybrids factories there and therefore these
factories may be subject to theft or sabotage and thus this is a danger to Toyota.
4.13 Recommend Solution(For both growth of the recommended weaknesses)

(security management system)
To solve this problem, Toyota must first physically contract with the government of the
country that will build Toyota a manufacturer of hybrids cars. The contract is for the
government to protect Toyota's factories through the use of a security management system
to protect the factories and the employees of the factories too. Or if the government is weak
and unable to protect Toyota's factories, Toyota does a security management system for its
factories and thus provides protection for itself. (Brotherton, 2011)
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Figure 25 Figure 2Security management system
14.Supply chain Technologies

Supply chain is the network of suppliers and companies to manufacture and distribute to the final
buyer a specific product. This network covers various activities, persons, entities, information
and resources (KENTON, 2019)
1.14 Computer Aid Engineering (CAE)

Computer-aid engineering (CAE) is the process of solving engineering problems through the
use of sophisticated, interactive graphical software. CAE takes care of the process involved in
using computer workstation to generate and test engineering specifications. CAE is one of the
leading software for mass production products in a manufacturing environment used by
manufacturing organizations. It enables more calculations, particularly when coupled with
optimization systems, than is possible manually. (brodtmt, 2018)
Computer Aid Engineering can be used for Hybrids cars for many things as will show below
• External and internal design

Designing new Hybrids cars of a different type. CAE helps Toyota a lot in manufacturing
automotive hybrids with shapes and designs. When using a Toyota CAE saves a lot of time,
by designing a new type of Hybrids cars. There is a system in the CAE that makes use of
the exterior design of the car with the choice of the appropriate colors that will be placed
for cars and through which will make Toyota more desirable than customers with their new
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designs using CAE . Using this feature makes Toyota make a different design and new
specifications unique to the rest of the companies. (Mario Hirz, 2017)
Figure 26 Figure 3internal and external design
• Protection system
CAE This technology provides the driver's safety system, for example by using this
technology, Toyota makes a safer system to hybrids cars. Because hybrids are at risk
through either electric contact in the vehicle may expose the driver and passengers to injury
and thus the use of CAE studies the work of strong protection of the car protecting people
who drive hybrids cars, and then Toyota will be able to design a safety system for this kind
of car that will also attract customers later . This is A Picture below shows how the CAE
provide safety to hybrids cars (Juha Hintsa, 2013)
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Figure 27Protection system
2.14 Computer Graphics

Computer graphics is a drawing art, with computers, of photos, lines, diagrams, etc. The
number of pixels is composed of the computer graphics. Also, The pictures and films
created using computers are computer graphics. The term usually refers to image data
generated from a computer using special graphical hardware and software. It is a wide area
of computer science and is recently developed. The phrase was coined by Verne Hudson
and William Fetter of Boeing, computer graphic scientists, in 1960. It is often abbreviated
as CG, though sometimes misleadingly referred to as CGI. (THAKUR, 2017)
• computer graphics helps Toyota a lot in the construction of the car, which of this
technology is to determine the details that will be placed on the car first through computer
graphics. When Toyota wants to put a new look to the Hybrids car industry, Toyota uses
computer graphics to design the size of the car and the way it is used to make the car, the
interior of the car, such as the distance between the car engine and the car frame, and many
other things, all are determined through computer graphics. Which helps Toyota a lot to
manufacture the nearer to the truth through computer graphics and then decide if this type
will be successful or not. (Cloete, 2017)
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▪ The picture below shows what computer graphics shows two types of
hybrids vehicles that made by a computer graphics
(Cloete, 2017)
• As explained above, computer graphics cares about all the details that will be done
through the car industry. In this picture shows two types of hybrids cars parallel hybrid
and series Hybrid.
The parallel Hybrid tends to use a smaller battery pack than series, and the series Hybrid
is the electric motor is the only means of providing power to the wheels.
So the internal things of Hybrids car that will be made later by Toyota after determined
every single thing in the car using computer graphics, everything in the place of the
specified name with the name of everything and thus makes it easy for Toyota to make
this graphic real easily after the use of this technology computer graphics (LAKE, 2018)
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15 Automobile – Mueen Ali Awadh TP044008
Automobile is Four-wheel motor vehicle driven by an internal motor. The main usage of
automobiles is transportation. People can use them to transport them and other objects from a place
to another. Inventors have been able to develop an operationally general design after years or
different designs, used by major car manufacturers as the basis of their designs. Cars generally fuel
the internal engine with petrol, but technological progresses have led to the design of vehicles
running electricity and even water.
Figure 28: Automobile Engineering (Webindia123, 2014)
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16. SWOT Analysis of Automobile:
1.16 Strengths of Automobile:
1.1.16 Extensive Production and Distribution Network:
A large production and distribution network are provided by Toyota Company. Over 50
manufacturing businesses in 27 countries and regions apart from Japan, Toyota as well as its
affiliates manufacture automobiles and associated accessories. Also, well known in more than 170
countries for its eco-friendly, safe and reliable automobiles. According to (Nkomo, 2013), in 2012,
the company manufactured 3.940,000 automobiles at every other manufacturing site in Japan and
3.495,000 at every other location. Toyota also has a comprehensive distribution channel. Although
the geographically broad production base of the company diversifies business risks, its intensive
distribution network offers a wider appeal, therefore improving revenues.
1.1.1.16 First strength recommendation:

Cost leadership: Since Toyota is well known and a diverse company, it will be good for them to
implement a cost leadership strategy in all the regions in order to gain market share. With the cost
leadership strategy, the company can draw customer’s attention and acquire the market share from
its competitors. The company need to produce automobiles which are acceptable quality and
specific to a set of customers with a price which is lower and competitive than other companies'
similar products. Since Toyota has an extensive production and distribution network it not going
be a difficult task for them to remain competitive at every level, the company just needs to
constantly work on reducing the prices for its products.
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1.1.1. Strong Market Position and Brand Recognition:
In several areas of the world, Toyota has a great market position because of its automobiles. Toyota
and Lexus automobiles (excluding minivans) were 47.3 percent of the company's total market
share in Japan in FY 2011. likewise, in North America 14% of Toyota market share is there and a
worth of 13.7% of market share in Asia (other than Japan and China) and 4.4% in Europe.
According to (Researchomatic, 2012), Toyota also holds a 7% market share in China and a large
market share in South- and Central America, Oceania, Africa and the Middle East. The firm would
gain competitive advantage and diversify on international markets through such a significant
market position. Furthermore, Toyota has a portfolio of strong automobile brands.
2.1.1.16 Second strength recommendation:

Growth: Toyota has a strong market share in many countries and regions such as Japan and North
America. However, in regions like Europe and a country like china, Toyota does not have a
substantial market share. The growth competitive strategy will allow Toyota to concentrate on
these niche markets and understands the unique needs of the customers within it. Thus, Toyota can
produce a uniquely low-cost as well as well specified products for these particular markets. Toyota
will be able to serve the customers of these specific markets uniquely well along with building
reliable brand loyalty amongst their customers and building new manufacturers in these countries
and regions. By these new manufacturers, Toyota can provide more products and services to its
clients easily.
2.16 Weaknesses of Automobile:

1.1.16 Declining sales in key geographic segments:
In its major geographical segments, Toyota saw its sales of automobiles dropped. In FY 2012,
automobile sales in North America, Asia, Europe and others reduced. (Nkomo, 2013) Together,
the company accounted for 60.8% of the overall company's revenues. Hence, this could put
pressure on the profit sectors and Toyota's overall revenues through a constant reduction in key
geographical segments.
1.1.1.16 First weakness recommendation

Differentiation: The company sales have dropped in some of the regions like Asia, Europe and
north America. It is because not everyone in every region is willing to buy a product that is similar
to their local manufacturers for example. Hence, in this case a differentiation strategy will be well
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suited solution. Toyota can make automobiles different from and more attractive than its
competitors in these specific regions. As a result, the company will increase its sales.
1.1.1. Product recalls could affect brand image

In the recent past, Toyota has made several shutdowns of automobile products that could get the
company's brand image and total automobile sales affected. In 2011, for example, the company
recollected 111,000 Toyota and Lexus automobile models because of the damage to surface
elements and the potential hybrid system shutdown. Toyota also recalled 181,000 automobiles in
Japan for unusual sound or even oil leakage, which could have been due to the bolt’s slackness
in sub-transmission and the driver's side wheel (Nkomo, 2013). The company as well participated
in public inquiries relating to automobile product shutdowns. For example, a preliminary
investigation into the driver-side doors of automobiles from Camry and RAV4 in 2007 was
embarked in February 2012 by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. As a result,
it may lead to substantial sanctions that might impact the operational margins.
17. Security threat:

1.17 Social Engineering:
The practice of human handling to give sensitive information is social engineering. The types of
information these criminals are seeking can vary, but when targeted individuals, the criminals
usually try to trick them into giving their passwords or bank data or secretly installing malicious
software on their computer, which will allow them to have access to users accounts, banking
information or control over their computer (CloudFlare, n.d.). The employees of Toyota might not
have the knowledge in the security filed so they will get tricked using social engineering. Thus,
their accounts credentials will be obtained by the criminals and Toyota’s data will be in danger.
The worst-case scenario will be revealing Toyota’s Cost leadership strategies to the public. Hence,
other companies will then be aware of Toyota’s plans and will put Toyota in a disadvantage.
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1.1.17 Solution:
Automated security features such as email screening may help stop attackers from attempting to
contact Toyota employee's, although common sense and an updated knowledge of popular social
engineering attacks are the best defense against attack on social engineering (CloudFlare, n.d.).
Toyota should provide training courses to those who do not have strong knowledge about security
as well as security attacks such as social engineering. Toyota should also inform its employees to
be aware of any suspicious communication and their sensitive information should only be
submitted on secure web pages such as HTTPS and TLS. The employees should also avoid clicking
on links sent to their emails but instead they can type the company’s URL on the web browser
directly.
Figure 29: Social Engineering (Patel, 2018)
2.17 Physical Security and less protection:

This security threat involves in two recommendations which are growth for second strength
recommendation and differentiation for first weakness recommendation. If Toyota wants to build
new manufacturing facilities in Europe, China and other regions to expand its products and provide
different products to every region. So, Toyota needs to do research and get more expertise to build
and provide which may cost Toyota time and money. Furthermore, Once Toyota chooses to
physically expand its work by building manufacturing facilities in many other regions, these
locations or regions that Toyota has selected might be inappropriate, or there could be virtually no
safety at all, so that Toyota may lose its growth, which in other regions the manufacturing facilities
would expose to risk and therefore loss. As well as, some of the third world countries or countries
in which there are gangs and guns available So when Toyota decides to select this choice which
can be subject to stealing or vandalism for building automobile manufacturing facilities in those
areas, therefore, it is a hazard for Toyota to build there without finding solution for this issue
(Kalayjian, 2012).
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1.2.17 Solution:
To address this problem, Toyota should do a contract physically with the country's government
that will build an automobile manufacturing company for Toyota. The government's contract is to
defend Toyota's production manufacturing facilities through the use of a safety system that keeps
safe factories and staff. However, If the country's government could not provide any safety or
security for Toyota's production manufacturing facilities, then Toyota needs to protect itself by
providing the own private security such as own security system, cameras, guards, a huge building
that cannot be entered except the authorized staff. So, now Toyota can feel free to provide different
products to different regions and expand its sales. As well as, many countries can benefit from
Toyota's growth in their countries which will increase the economy of the country (Chang, 2003).
Figure 30: Physical Security for building (Cissps, 2015)
18. Supply chain Technology:

The network of all people, agencies, resources, events and innovations engaged in the production
and sale of the product from the supplier to the manufacturer to its initial delivery to the final user
all this concept known as a supply chain. In addition, the supply chain sector, in which the finished
product is brought from the manufacturer to the consumer. There are two supply chain
technologies will be applied for Toyota which is Computer Aided Design (CAD) and 3D Printing.
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a. Computer Aided Design (CAD):
The idea of computer-aided design (CAD)
consists of planning the operating process for
all automotive production processes that
include the production of parts and
components. CAD ideas for the future involve
more efficient than ever measuring, packaging
and delivering finished car products. The
complete CAD process consists of a database
(DB) and an expert system (ES), which,
together with the expert knowledge base (KB),
enables all functional fields of computer-
assisted production to work (Inc, 2015). Figure 31: computer-aided design (CAD) System (Top Systems
Toyota can use this technology to improve its Ltd, 2015)
manufacturing design of the automobile where the CAD will help Toyota to create new
automobiles in short time and in fewer employees. Toyota has a system called TOGO CAD/CAM.
"TOGO" means an integrated in the Japanese language. The aim of TOGO CAD is to utilize the
same information throughout the process of development. Changes in design methods are also
taken into account. In addition, the concept includes developing a hybrid system for the separation
of surfaces and solid models (DesignNews, 2000).
Figure 32: A car has designed by computer-aided design (CAD) (JM Cad Engineering Solutions, 2015)
b. 3D Printing:
Thirty decades ago, 3D printing was around and usually using additive production, but marketing
still has to take off at mass level. This involves the manufacture of products by means of printers,
that either put materials on a layer or employee lasers in a finished design. Customized football
boots, light shade and race car parts, solid state batteries, and custom mobile phones are now used
in 3D Prints across various industries (Ahmed, 2018). In addition, additional production (AM or
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3D printing), as a fast, cheap prototype manufacturer, initially splashed into automobiles. But as
its technology improved, advantages arose from endless production applications. The car industry
has recognized the advantage to innovate from producing complex geometries with no waste up
to reducing fixed costs and enhancing product flexibility (Delozier, 2018).
Figure 33: Plastic injection molding machine and factory operator doing part inspection (Delozier, 2018).
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PARKER, J., 2016. Market Realist. [Online]

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GROUP ASSIGNMENT

TECHNOLOGY PARK MALAYSIA

COMPUTER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT

HAND OUT DATE: Week 2: 1st MARCH 2019

HAND IN DATE: Week 12: 23rd MAY 2019

2.0 Business model

customer can communicate the company

Figure 2 Figure 2: customer’s trust (india, 2015)

Figure 3 Figure 3: 3S forms (india, 2015)

3.4 Organizing webinars

Figure 6 Figure 6: Organizing webinars (Emma Johnson, 2018)

be happened by those technologies which are email and

3.5 Organizing webinars

7.0 SWOT with recommendations

2.1.7 Recommendation for the first strength

3.1.7 Lower Fuel Consumption:

2.2.7 The high cost of Self-Driving Cars:

1.2.2.7 Recommendation for the second weakness

8.0 Security Threats and Recommendation

The group of three University of Virginia engineers

9.0 Supply Chain enabler

1.9 Artificial intelligence (AI):

2.9 Internet-of-Things (IoT)

10.Selected product : Hybrids cars of Toyota-Omar Abdulaziz(TP043559)

11. Strength and weaknesses

Figure 24 SWOT analysis of Hybrids

2.11 Weaknesses of Hybrid cars

1.12 Cost leadership

✓ Target market focused in japan more than other countries

13. Security threats and recommend solution

1.13 Data Breach (for cost leadership and differentiation of strength)

4.13 Recommend Solution(For both growth of the recommended weaknesses)

14.Supply chain Technologies

1.14 Computer Aid Engineering (CAE)

• External and internal design

Figure 26 Figure 3internal and external design

2.14 Computer Graphics

Figure 28: Automobile Engineering (Webindia123, 2014)

1.1.1.16 First strength recommendation:

2.1.1.16 Second strength recommendation:

2.16 Weaknesses of Automobile:

1.1.1.16 First weakness recommendation

1.1.1. Product recalls could affect brand image

17. Security threat:

Figure 29: Social Engineering (Patel, 2018)

2.17 Physical Security and less protection:

Figure 30: Physical Security for building (Cissps, 2015)

18. Supply chain Technology:

PARKER, J., 2016. Market Realist. [Online]

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