Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation

2nd Semester AY 2017 – 2018

GRADUATE SCHOOL

Probability and Statistics

Portfolio

Submitted by:
Noreen G. Patayan
MST Mathematics

Submitted to:
Dr. Editha R. Pridas
 Chapter 4
Variability

Compute the mean and standard deviation for these scores.

1. An instructor of a freshman English course in a college administered Step Writing
Test to a class with the following results:

37 45 35 46 44 40 40
35 45 42 35 43 38 38
43 35 40 34 34 37 36

∑𝑋
̅
X = 𝑁
822
̅
X =
21
̅
𝐗 = 39.14
1
S = √𝑁 ∑(𝑋 − 𝑋̅)2 − (𝑋 − 𝑋̅) X ̅
𝐗−𝐗 ̅)2
(𝐗 − 𝐗
𝑁
1
S = 21
√21(322.5714) − (−0.0009) 37 -2.1429 4.59202
1
S = 21
√6773.9994 + 0.00009 35 -4.1429 17.16362
82.304310276
S = 43 3.8571 14.87722
21
S = 3.92 45 5.8571 34.30562
45 5.8571 34.30562
35 -4.1429 17.16362
35 -4.1429 17.16362
42 2.8571 8.16302
40 0.8571 0.73462
46 6.8571 47.01982
35 -4.1429 17.16362
34 -5.1429 26.44942
44 4.8571 23.59142
43 3.8571 14.87722
34 -5.1429 26.44942
40 0.8571 0.73462
38 -1.1429 1.30622
37 -2.1429 4.59202
40 0.8571 0.73462
38 -1.1429 1.30622
36 -3.1429 9.87782
Total: -0.0009 322.5714
2. For the following, find ̅
X, S, s and Q.
a. 20, 19, 18, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 8

∑𝑋
̅
X = 𝑁
135
̅
X = 9
̅
𝐗 = 15

1 X 𝐗−𝐗 ̅ ̅)2
(𝐗 − 𝐗
S = √𝑁 ∑(𝑋 − 𝑋̅)2 − (𝑋 − 𝑋̅) 20 5 25
𝑁
1
S = √9(114) − (0) 19 4 16
9
1
S = 9
√1026 18 3 9
32.0312347561
S = 16 1 1
9
S = 3.56 15 0 0
14 -1 1
13 -2 4
12 -3 9
8 -7 49
Total: 0 114

∑ 𝑥2 X
s = √ 𝐗2
𝑁−1
20 400
114
s = √
9−1 19 361
s = √14.25 18 324
s = 3.77 16 256
15 225
14 196
13 169
12 144
8 64
Total: 135 2139

k(N+1)
QK = 4
1(9+1)TH 3(9+1)TH
Q1 = Q3 =
4 4
10TH 30TH
Q1 = 4
Q3 = 4
Q1 = 2.5 th = 13 Q3 = 7.5 th = 18.5

18.5−13
Q = 2
Q = 2.75
 ̅
𝐗 S s Q
b. 34, 34, 30, 29, 28, 25, 20, 18, 12, 8 23.8 8.5 9.0 6.0
c. 40, 38, 36, 32, 24, 20, 18, 10 27.2 10.1 10.8 8.5
d. 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10 10 0 0 0
e. 12, 11, 11, 11, 9, 9, 9, 9, 8, 7, 2 8.9 2.6 2.7 1.3

3. On a statistics test, a group of students obtained the following scores. Find both S
and ̅
X. Code your data and use formula.

41 34 31 24
40 34 31 23
38 33 29 20
35 32 29 16
35 31 28 14

X x x2 X + 10 x x2
41 11.1 123.21 51 11.1 123.21
40 10.1 102.01 50 10.1 102.01
38 8.1 65.61 48 8.1 65.61
35 5.1 26.01 45 5.1 26.01
35 5.1 26.01 45 5.1 26.01
34 4.1 16.81 44 4.1 16.81
34 4.1 16.81 44 4.1 16.81
33 3.1 9.61 43 3.1 9.61
32 2.1 4.41 42 2.1 4.41
31 1.1 1.21 41 1.1 1.21
31 1.1 1.21 41 1.1 1.21
31 1.1 1.21 41 1.1 1.21
29 -0.9 0.81 39 -0.9 0.81
29 -0.9 0.81 39 -0.9 0.81
28 -1.9 3.61 38 -1.9 3.61
24 -5.9 34.81 34 -5.9 34.81
23 -6.9 47.61 33 -6.9 47.61
20 -9.9 98.01 30 -9.9 98.01
16 -13.9 193.21 26 -13.9 193.21
14 -15.9 252.81 24 -15.9 252.81
∑= ∑= ∑= ∑=
∑ = 598 2.84217E-14 1025.8 ∑ = 798 2.84217E-14 1025.8

∑𝑋
̅
X= 𝑁
798
̅
X = 20
̅ = 39.9
𝐗

1025.8
S=√
20
S = √51.29
S = 7.16
What is the quartile deviation of this distribution?
4. The following scores were obtained on a short test of psychomotor skill. Find Q and
evaluate the use of Q for these data.

18 17 15 13 12
18 16 14 13 12
17 16 14 12 11
17 15 14 12 11

Q = 16.5 – 12
Q = 4.5/2
Q = 2.25
 Chapter 5
Standard Scores and the Normal Curve

1. Given the following test statistics: ̅

X = 84, s =12, N = 797
a. Convert each of the following to a z-score
1. 84
2. 72
3. 96
4. 54
5. 120
6. 91
𝑋−𝑋̅ 𝑋−𝑋̅
1. z= 4. z=
𝑠 𝑠
84−84 54−84
z= 12
z= 12
z = .00 z = -2.50

𝑋−𝑋̅ 𝑋−𝑋̅
2. z= 𝑠
5. z= 𝑠
72−84 120−84
z= z=
12 12
z = -1.00 z = 3.00

𝑋−𝑋̅ 𝑋−𝑋̅
3. z= 𝑠
6. z= 𝑠
96−84 91−84
z= z=
12 12
z = 1.00 z = 0.58

b. Next, change each of the z-score obtained in part a to a standard score with a
mean of 500 and S = 100.

𝑋−µ 𝑋−µ
1. z = 𝜎
4. z = 𝜎
𝑋−500 𝑋−500
.00 = -2.50 =
100 100
X = 500 X = 250

𝑋−µ 𝑋−µ
2. z = 5. z =
𝜎 𝜎
𝑋−500 𝑋−500
-1.00 = 100
3.00 = 100
X = 400 X = 800
𝑋−µ 𝑋−µ
3. z = 𝜎
6. z = 𝜎
𝑋−500 𝑋−500
1.00 = 100
0.58 = 100
X = 600 X = 558
 ̅ = 15 and S= 3.
c. Change each of the z-scores in part a to an ACT score with X
𝑋−µ 𝑋−µ
1. z = 𝜎
4. z = 𝜎
𝑋−15 𝑋−15
.00 = -2.50 =
3 3
X = 15 X = 7.5

𝑋−µ 𝑋−µ
2. z = 𝜎
5. z = 𝜎
𝑋−15 𝑋−15
-1.00 = 3
3.00 = 3
X = 12 X = 24

𝑋−µ 𝑋−µ
3. z = 𝜎
6. z = 𝜎
𝑋−15 𝑋−15
1.00 = 3
0.58 = 3
X = 18 X = 16.7

2. Given a normal distribution with a mean of 30, S = 6 and N = 800

a. Find the z-score equivalent for each of the following scores: 45, 36, 22, 18, 30.
𝑋−𝑋̅ 𝑋−𝑋̅
1. z= 𝑠
4. z= 𝑠
45−30 18−30
z= 6
z= 6
z = 2.5 z = -2.00

𝑋−𝑋̅ 𝑋−𝑋̅
2. z= 𝑠
5. z= 𝑠
36−30 30−30
z= z=
6 6
z = 1.00 z = .00

𝑋−𝑋̅
3. z= 𝑠
22−30
z= 6
z = -1.33

b. Transform each of the z-scores obtained in part a into a standard score with a mean
of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.
𝑋−𝑋̅ 𝑋−𝑋̅
1. z = 𝑠
4. z = 𝑠
𝑋−50 𝑋−50
2.5 = 10
-2.00 = 10
X = 75 X = 30
𝑋−𝑋̅ 𝑋−𝑋̅
2. z = 𝑠
5. z = 𝑠
𝑋−50 𝑋−50
1.00 = 10
.00 = 10
X = 60 X = 50
𝑋−𝑋̅
3. z = 𝑠
𝑋−50
-1.33 =
10
X = 36.7
 Chapter 6
Linear Regression

̂ in each of the following:

1. Solve for Y
a. X=5 a = -3 b = 2
b. X = -10 a=4 b = -2
c. X = -3 a=2 b = 3
d. X=7 a = 50 b = .125

a. ̂
Y = a + bX c. ̂
Y = a + bX
̂
Y = -3 + 2(5) ̂
Y = 2 + 3(-3)
̂
Y = -3 + 10 ̂
Y = 2–9
̂
Y = 7 ̂
Y = -7

b. ̂
Y = a + bX d. ̂
Y = a + bX
̂
Y = 4 + -2(-10) ̂
Y = 50 + 0.125(7)
̂
Y = 4 + 20 ̂
Y = 50 + 0.875
̂
Y = 24 ̂
Y = 50.875

2. A small college is doing a research in its entrance testing. A mathematics achievement

test is given as part of the entrance battery. Scores on this test and mathematics grades
are given below for 20 freshmen.

Mathematics Test Mathematics Grade

120 90
112 78
87 61
42 28
56 48
99 71
22 18
50 55
73 81
11 18
63 50
132 96
85 81
93 78
47 45
77 63
61 42
88 73
47 21
75 52
a. Construct the regression lines on a piece of graph paper.
 Chapter 7
The Pearson Correlation Coefficient r

1. Find r for the following scores on two tests of perceptual skills:

Test 1 Test 2
15 4
14 6
10 4
9 8
8 7
8 8
7 10
6 9
4 14
2 12

X Y X-2 Y-12 X2 Y2 XY
15 4 13 -8 169 16 60
14 6 12 -6 144 36 84
10 4 8 -8 64 16 40
9 8 7 -4 49 64 72
8 7 6 -5 36 49 56
8 8 6 -4 36 64 64
7 10 5 -2 25 100 70
6 9 4 -3 16 81 54
4 14 2 2 4 196 56
2 12 0 0 0 144 24
63 -38 543 766 580

10(580) −(63)(42)
r =
√[10(543)−(632 )][10(766)−(422 )]
5800−2646
r =
√[5430−3969][7660−1368]
3154
r =
√[5430−3969][7660−1764]
3154
r =
√[1461][5896]
3154
r =
√9192612
3144
r = 2934.9712093988
r = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟎
 Chapter 8
Other Correlational Techniques

1. Seven instructors are rated by first- and second-year students on ‘clarity of

presentation’ and the results are tabulated. What is the Spearman rs for the following:

Instructor Freshmen Sophomores

1 44 58
2 39 42
3 36 18
4 35 22
5 33 31
6 29 38
7 22 38

Instructor Freshmen Sophomore 𝐑𝐗 𝐑𝐘 D 𝐃𝟐

1 44 58 1 1 0 0
2 39 42 2 2 0 0
3 36 18 3 7 4 16
4 35 22 4 6 2 4
5 33 31 5 5 0 0
6 29 38 6 3.5 2.5 6.25
7 22 38 7 3.5 3.5 12.25
Total: 38.5

6 ∑ 𝐷2
𝑟𝑠 = 1 −( )
𝑁 3 −𝑁
6(38.5)
𝑟𝑠 = 1 − 73 −7
231
𝑟𝑠 = 1 − 343−7
231
𝑟𝑠 = 1 − 336
𝑟𝑠 = 1 − 0.6875
𝒓𝒔 = 0.31

2. The following represent the scores of a group of students on two tests. Calculate rs for
these data.
Test 1 Test 2
36 18
34 26
33 24
29 18
29 15
28 12
28 14
28 13
24 12
22 10
19 8
12 9
 Student Test 1 Test 2 𝐑𝐗 𝐑𝐘 D 𝐃𝟐
1 36 18 1 3.5 2.5 6.25
2 34 26 2 1 1 1
3 33 24 3 2 1 1
4 29 18 4.5 3.5 1 1
5 29 15 4.5 5 0.5 0.25
6 28 12 7 8.5 1.5 2.25
7 28 14 7 6 1 1
8 28 13 7 7 0 0
9 24 12 9 8.5 0.5 0.25
10 22 10 10 10 0 0
11 19 8 11 12 1 1
12 12 9 12 11 1 1
Total:15
6 ∑ 𝐷2
𝑟𝑠 = 1 − (𝑁3 −𝑁 )
6(15)
𝑟𝑠 = 1 − 123 −12
90
𝑟𝑠 = 1 − 1728−12
90
𝑟𝑠 = 1−
1716
𝑟𝑠 = 1 − 0.0524475524
𝒓𝒔 = 0.95

3. Three judges rated eight essays with the following results. Calculate the coefficient of
concordance for these data.

Judge
Essay 1 2 3
1 8 7 8
2 6 5 6
3 4 6 5
4 1 2 1
5 3 3 2
6 2 1 3
7 5 4 4
8 7 8 7

Judge Sum of
Essay D 𝐃𝟐
1 2 3 Ranks
1 8 7 8 23 9.5 90.25
2 6 5 6 17 3.5 12.25
3 4 6 5 15 1.5 2.25
4 1 2 1 4 9.5 90.25
5 3 3 2 8 5.5 30.25
6 2 1 3 6 7.5 56.25
7 5 4 4 13 0.5 0.25
8 7 8 7 22 8.5 72.25
Total: 108 Total: 354
 12 ∑ 𝐷 2
W = ((𝑚2 )(𝑁)(𝑁2 −1))
12(354)
W = (32 )(8)(82 −1)
4248
W = (9)(8)(64−1)
4248
W = (72)(63)
4248
W = 4536
W = 0.94