Aromatic 11th

Hydrocarbons
Paaras Thakur
Trinitrotoluene (TNT), a pale yellow, solid
organic nitrogen compound used chiefly as
an explosive, prepared by stepwise
nitration of toluene.
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A Quick Recap of IUPAC names
A Quick Recap of IUPAC names
Reactions
Reactions of Benzene

Benzene does react with bromine but only in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst
such as ferric bromide. Most surprisingly, however, it reacts not by addition but by
substitution— benzene substitution.
Structure of Benzene

Each carbon atom in a benzene ring is sp2 hybridized and trigonal planar with all
bond angles 120°.
Aromaticity
Aromatic Compounds
Example
Example
Example Hydrocarbon A possesses a significant dipole, even though it is composed of only
C-C and C-H bonds. Explain why the dipole arises and which ring is more
electron rich?
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

The characteristic reaction of benzene is electrophilic aromatic substitution—a

hydrogen atom is replaced by an electrophile.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
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