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52 Advanced Concrete
Lecture 4a:
Member
Behavior
((Beams and Columns))
August - 2014
Naveed Anwar
Executive Director, AIT Consulting
Director, ACECOMS
Affiliate Faculty, Structural Engineering, AIT
1
• Loads: x x
Upper Column y
– Moments Mz , My , Px at two y Px
My2
ends
• Geometry: z Mz2
z
– Length, X‐Section
L th X S ti Upper End
Column
– Adjoining Members
• Material: Lower End
• a) Ideal Situation
a) Ideal Situation
Trial Material
Trial Material Design
Loads Trial Shape & Size Acceptable Yes
Trial Reinforcement
Repeat No
• b) Practical Situation
b) Practical Situation
on/ Material
Design Moment
Design Moment
Ratio
Not Slender
Compute
Reevise Sectio
Section Capacity Mn
Mn > Mu
Y
Design Determine the
Determine the Compute
Completed Layout of Rebars Transverse Bars
CE 72.52 – Advanced Concrete Structures ‐ August 2014, Dr. Naveed Anwar
• Assume section dimensions
• Compute Design Actions
C t D i A ti
– Elastic analysis results and magnification of moments due to
slenderness, minimum eccentricities etc
– Direct determination of design actions using
P‐Delta or full nonlinear analysis
• Check Capacity for Design Actions
Check Capacity for Design Actions
– Assume failure criteria
– Assume material layout and material models
– Compute capacity and check against actions
My Mx
• The curve is generated by
varying the neutral axis
depth
Un‐safe
Safe
f
Nb
Nnx fc ( )da fsi Asi
A i 1
Nb
Mny fc ( )da.dz fsi Asidzi
z A i 1
e II
P C D = f(Mc)
L
M x dx
L
0
Ex I x
• ACI Definition of Slenderness
– Braced Frames
• Kl/r > 32‐12 (M1b/M2b) c
c
– Unbraced Frames
• Kl/r > 22
Kl/r > 22
M’c = Mc + P.c
(Cm = 1.0)
• For other Moment
For other Moment M M
Distribution, the correction 2 2
M1/M2 M1/M2
factor Cm needs to be
P iti
Positive Negative
computed to modify the
stress amplification. M1 is the smaller End
Moment
C
Cm = 0.4 to 1.0
04 t 10
M2 is the larger End Moment
CE 72.52 – Advanced Concrete Structures ‐ August 2014, Dr. Naveed Anwar
M1 M2 M2
M1
M2 M1 M1 M2
M1= ‐M
M M1 = 0
0 M1 =M
M M1 =0
0
M2 = M M2 = M M2 = M
M1 M1 M1 M1
1 0 1 0
M2 M2 M2 M2
Cm = 1 0
Cm = 1.0 Cm = 0 6
Cm = 0.6 Cm = 0 4
Cm = 0.4 Cm = 0 6
Cm = 0.6
• Attempt to include, b
– Cracking, Variable E, Creep effect
Cracking, Variable E, Creep effect 3
bh
– Geometric and material non linearity I g
• Ig = Gross Moment of Inertia 12
• Ise = Moment of Inertia of rebars
M fI i f b I se Ab . y b2
• d = Effect of creep for sustained loads.
= Pud/Pu
Members Part of Framed Structure
CE 72.52 – Advanced Concrete Structures ‐ August 2014, Dr. Naveed Anwar
( EI / lC ) Columns
( EI / l ) Beams
K Increase, K Increases C2
B1 B2
• How about
How about “I” I Gross? Cracked? Effective?
Gross? Cracked? Effective?
• ACI Rules Beams I = 0.35 Ig, Column I = 0.7Ig
C1
Lc
B3 B4
E ( I C 1 I C 2)
Example T
E ( I B1 I B 2 ) C3
• E for column and beams may be different
E for column and beams may be different
Non Sway
Non Sway Sway May be Sway
May be Sway
s 1 .0
For Non‐sway Frames (Very rigid or braced)
ns 1 .0
For Sway Frames (Open frames, not braced,
s 1 .0
depends on loads also)
ns 1 .0
CE 72.52 – Advanced Concrete Structures ‐ August 2014, Dr. Naveed Anwar
• Appreciable relative moment of two ends of column
DT
T B
Sway 0 lc
lc
• Sway Limits
DB
a ) EI Bracing walls 6 EI Columns
PU 0
b) 0 . 05 Frame considered
Frame considered
VU l C as “Non‐Sway”
Mm
c) 1 . 05
M
CE 72.52 – Advanced Concrete Structures ‐ August 2014, Dr. Naveed Anwar
• Braced Column (Non‐Sway) • Most building columns may
be considered “Non‐Sway”
for gravity loads
• More than 40% of columns
i b ildi
in buildings are “Non‐Sway”
“N S ”
for lateral loads
• Unbraced Column (Sway) • Moment Magnification for
Moment Magnification for
“Sway” case is more
significant, more
complicated and more
important
Final L
Larger Sway Moment
S M t
Design
Moment
M m M ns ns M s s
Magnification of
Magnification of Magnification of
Magnification of
moment that do not moment that
cause sway cause sway
Magnification Factor for Moments
that do not cause sway
that do not cause sway
Basic Equation
((EI
2
EI ) Flexural Stiffness
PC 2
Equation 10-13
ACI 318-11
( KlU )
Effective Length Factor
Calculation of ns (Non‐Sway)
Magnification Factor for Moments
that cause sway
Basic Equation
CE 72.52 – Advanced Concrete Structures ‐ August 2014, Dr. Naveed Anwar
Equation 10-20
ACI 318-11 Sway Quotient
1 Pu 0
a) s 1.0 where Q Equation 10-10
1 Q Vu lc ACI 318-11
If s 1.5 then
h
1
b) s 1
Equation 10-21
Pu ACI 318-11
318 11
1
0.75 Pc
Sum of Critical Buckling Load of
all columns in floor
Determination of ds (Sway)
Relative displacement
Pu 0
Q Determined from Frame Analysis
Vu lc
Storey height
Storey shear (sum of
shear in all columns)
2 ( EI ) Flexural Stiffness
PC
( KlU ) 2
Effective Length Factor
Effective Length Factor
Sway Quotient Q and Pc
CE 72.52 – Advanced Concrete Structures ‐ August 2014, Dr. Naveed Anwar
Larger Non‐ Sway Moment
Final Design Moment
Larger Sway Moment
Larger Sway Moment
M m M ns ns M s s
Equation 10-12
ACI 318-11 Cm 1
a) s 1 .0
ns
Pu Pu 0
1 1
0 . 75 PC Vu lc
Equation 10-16
ACI
C 318-11 If s 1.5 then
th
1
M1 ( EI )
2
b) s 1
C m 0 .6 0 .4 0 .4 PC Pu
M2 ( Kl U ) 2 1
0.75 Pc
Length
kl/r=47.7 kl/r=57.3
A30 ‐ Variation in kl/r
3
kl/r=28.9
2.5
kl/r=38.1
2
oment Magn
kl/r=47.7
1.5
kl/r=57.3
1 kl/r=14.5
0.5
Mo
0
0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80
Normalize d Axia l Loa d Pu/Pno
30 cm
A30 – Moment Magnification 30 cm
kl/r=36.2 kl/r=43.4
B40 ‐ Variation in kl/r
1.6
agnification
n
15
1.5
1.4 kl/r=11
1.3 kl/r=22
ctor
1.2 kl/r=29
kl/r 29
Fac
Moment Ma
1.1 kl/r=36.2
1 kl/r=43.4
0.9
0.8
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Normalized Axial Load Pn/Pu
40 cm
B40 – Moment Magnification
40 cm
CE 72.52 – Advanced Concrete Structures ‐ August 2014, Dr. Naveed Anwar
• Column Cross‐Section = 80cmx80cm reinforced with 6‐d20
• Connecting Members
Connecting Members
– Beam on Right:
• Length = 5 m
• Cross‐section = 30cmx50cm
Cross section = 30cmx50cm
– Beam on Left:
• Length = 3 m
• Cross‐section = 30cmx50cm
Cross section 30cmx50cm
– Column Above
• Length = 3m
• Cross‐section = 40cmx40cm
C ti 40 40
• Fixed at Base
• The column is part of a non‐sway structure
kl/r=18.6 kl/r=22.4
C80 ‐ Variation in kl/r
1.09
1 09
oment Magnification
1.08
1.07 kl/r=5.5
1.06
1.05 kl/r=11.2
or
Facto
1.04 kl/r=14.9
1.03
kl/r=18.6
1.02
1.01 kl/r=22.4
Mo
1
0.99
0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80
Normalized Axial Load Pn/Pu
80 cm
C80 – Moment Magnification 80 cm
DT
PU 0
Q Equation 10-10
ACI 318
318-11
11 PU1 PU2 PU3 PU4
VU l C lC
PU PU 1 PU 2 PU 3...... VU1 VU1 VU1 VU1
0 T B DB
VU VU 1 VU 2 VU 3 .......
lC Clear storey height average
If Q 0 . 05 : Non sway case
Q 0 . 05 : Sway Case
CE 72.52 – Advanced Concrete Structures ‐ August 2014, Dr. Naveed Anwar
• Step 5. Determine Magnified Moment for each load combination
– If combination is non‐sway then M
If combination is non sway then Mm =M d
=M dns
– If combination is
If combination is “Sway”
Sway then M
then Mm =M
Mns + M
+ Ms ds
s
– usually 1.05D +1.3L+1.3W
Sway part of
yp
Non‐sway part of combination 1.3W
combination 1.05D + 1.3L