TWO SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT • Academic Content The Progressive School

IN CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT Fundamentals 4 Rs

• It conceives of the
Two schools of thought • Reading curriculum as something
predominant throughout the flexible based on areas of
history of curriculum development: • Riting interests.

* The Essentialist School • Rithmetic • It is learner-centered,

having in mind that no
* The Progressive School • Right Conduct
two persons are alike.

The Essentialist School How To Teach?

• It's factor of motivation is
individual achievement
• It considers the • Must emphasize on
curriculum as something mastery of the subject
• The role of the teacher is
rigid consisting of matter.
to stimulate direct
discipline subjects. learning process.
• Teachers should be the
• It's major motivation is fountain of information
Method emphasizes on Progressive
discipline and consider and paragon of virtue.
freedom as an outcome • Individual spontaneity
• Students interests or
and not means of
experience are not • Problem Solving
education.
allowed.
• It's approach is • Development of creative
• Learning is a realization, responsibility
authoritative and
not a creation.
teachers role is to assign
• It uses life experience
lessons and recite
• Education is a creative, approach
recitations.
not a creator.
• Emphasizes on individual
• It is book centered and
Essentialist life activities for the
the methods
development of whole
recommended are • Book-Centered
learner
memory work, mastery of
facts and skills, and • Subject-Centered
• No final or fixed values in
development of abstract
advance
intelligence. • Teacher-Centered
Why Teach Progressive?
• It has no interest in social Representatives or Proponents of
action and life activities. Essentialist Schools
• For the learners to
become enlightened and
Why Teach Essentialist? • Idealist (Plato)
intelligent citizens.
• For learners to acquire • Realist (Aristotle)
• To help students
basic knowledge skills
• Neo-Thomists understand and
and values
appreciate themselves.
• Isaac Kandel
• To transmit traditional
• To help students define
moral values and • Franklin Bobbit their own essence.
intellectual knowledge
• William Bagley • To educate the whole
What To Teach?
persons, not just the
• Henry Morrison mind.
What To Teach? • Interest and needs of
learners cannot be pre-
• Need based relevant planned.
curriculum.
• Experiences of the
• A curriculum that learners is the starting
responds to students point.
need.
Representatives or proponents of
• A wide variety of options progressive school
are given.
• John Dewey
• Skills needed to cope with (Experimentalist)
change are being taught.
• Froebel (Materialist)
How To Teach?
• Edward Thorndike
• Through experimental
methods. • George Counts

• Problem solving methods. THANK YOU!

• Hands on mind on THE END...

method

• Field trips

• Thought provoking games

and puzzles

• Self-paced and self-

directed

Progressive

• Learner centered

• Problem centered

• Experienced centered

Progressive

• Learners is not considered

as a passive individual.

• Learners interact with the

teachers and the
environment.

• Learning is the product of

the child's interaction.