MAIN CAMPUS

M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu

City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-
mail: thepresident@ctu.edu.ph Phone: +6332 402
4060 loc. 1137

Format Guidelines (for Graduate Research Proposal under Dr. Ybanez)

The manuscript shall be composed of the following:

One Preliminary Page
-Title Page (Contents are set in bold, title is both upper and lower cases and not in all capitals;
should contain name of student, current subject, undergraduate course finished, current
graduate program, and current institution or affiliation if any)

Chapter I Introduction
Rationale
- Generally 2-3 pages, mainly reflecting the authors’ original thoughts about the research
(About 3-5 paragraphs)
- General discussion on the research topic
- Minimal mention of references (not more than 15)
- Talks about prevailing issues and concern about the research topic
- Relevant situationer (international, national and local) and may include statistics about the
variables/topic
- Problems or limitations arising from the current scenario of the research topic
- Justification on the conduct of the study and possible implications

Statement of the Problem

- The main problem presents the general objectives, variables, locale and duration of the study
- Specific subproblemsshould be clear and measurable; and are not stated in interrogative
forms (declarative).

Statement of the Null Hypotheses/is

- Stated in negative form
- Direct/s in determining relationship/differences between variables
- Based on the specific objectives

Significance of the Study

- States in general the benefits/importance of the study
- Enumerates specific beneficiaries and corresponding tangible benefits they can derive from
the study
- Beneficiaries are arranged according to importance
Definition of Terms
-Key terms, variables, phrases used in the study which are arranged alphabetically and defined
operationally.

Chapter II Review of Literature

-Critical appraisal on studies related to the research topic (not a mere enumeration of studes)
 MAIN CAMPUS
M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu
City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-
mail: thepresident@ctu.edu.ph Phone: +6332 402
4060 loc. 1137

- Related studies/literature are exhaustively and comprehensively presented, discussed and

arranged according to variables
- Proper parenthetical reference citations are observed
Theoretical Framework
-Only 1 page; Demonstrates the theories and factors that governs the study

Chapter III Methodology

Research Design
- The approach to be used in the study
- Describes the entire research process in general

Research Environment
- Description on the area where the study is conducted. Research area is described on the
context of its relevance to the research investigation
Research Subjects/Respondents
-Clearly discusses the sampling method/techniques to be used and the actual number of
subjects or respondents to be included in the study
- Includes the inclusion or exclusion criteria
Research Instruments
-Describes the materials used in the study, including questionnaires (its parts and parts and
validation procedures), experimental instruments, etc.. The source(s)/reference(s ) of the
instruments must be cited.
Research Procedure
- Provides detailed information about how the data will be gathered from where, and from
whom, by whom and when.

Data Processing and Analyses

- Describes how the data will be processed and treated.
-The statistical tools/procedures used should be stated but the formulas are not necessary. The
uses of each may be stated as well.

Ethical Considerations

Flow-chart of the Study

- Diagrams the complete process of the study, including methodology until data analyses

References
- List of all references consulted, quoted and used in the development of literature background,
research instruments, procedures and interpretation of the findings.
- All are arranged in alphabetical order (by author’s name) with hanging indents.
- As much as possible, only primary literatures (books and scientific journals), and to a lesser
extent, unpublished sources should be used. Internet sources (with disclaimers) are highly
discouraged.

Appendices
 MAIN CAMPUS
M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu
City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-
mail: thepresident@ctu.edu.ph Phone: +6332 402
4060 loc. 1137

Curriculum Vitae (1-2 pages)

Format/Technicalities for the Manuscript

- Short size (8.5x11)
- Arial # 11, or Times new roman #12; Double-spaced
-Font size and style used should be consistent all throughout the manuscript.
-Pagination should be on the upper right corner of the page
-Main title and subtitle should be in the bold text not underline
- Specific margins should be followed (Top: 1.6”; Bottom: 1”; Left: 1.9”; Right: 0.9”)
-Avoid the use of the contractions (don’t, didn’t, wasn’t, won’t), first and second person
pronouns (I, we, you, your, us), one sentence paragraph (or too long paragraph).
-Tenses used in the proposal and final defense should be simple future and past tense,
respectively.
- Scientific terms for animals, plants and microorganisms must be italicized. First mention of the
name must be complete, and then abbreviated thereafter.
- All abbreviations apart from the scientific names should be written in parentheses after spelling
out the term in full at the first appearance in the manuscript.
-Arabic numerals should be used for quantities. Units and abbreviations should conform to the
following examples: M,mM, µM, N, %, m, cm, mm, µm, nm, pm, cm2, l, ml, kg, g, mg,µg, ng, pg,
hr, min, sec, msec, rpm, Hz, Bq, mBq, µBq, kBq,cpm, dpm, ppm, °C, J, KJ, lux, CPE, LD.
-Use numbers in figure form if it is in between sentences, and should be spelled out if it is at the
start of the sentence.
-PLAGIARISM will not be tolerated. Statements should be restated to deliver own understanding
from the references, and sources should be properly cited. Rearranging of words and
substitution with synonymous words are still considered plagiarism.
How to cite references:
-Within the text after a sentence, references are cited using the author’s family name followed
by the year of publication (e.g. single author- Ybañez, 2015; 2 authors- Ybañez and Posadas,
2015; multiple authors- Ybañez et al., 2015). If used in the sentence, the publication year is
placed inside parenthesis (e.g. According to Ybañez (2015)… Ybañez and Posadas (2015)…
Ybañez et al. (2015).
-All names of the authors should be stated in the reference section.
-In cases of unpublished materials, although not recommended, the year is replaced by
“unpublished” (e.g. Ybañez et al., unpublished).
-When some literatures written by the same first author are quoted, they should be listed in the
following order: 1) literature by only the first author, 2) that by the first author + one coauthor,
and 3) that by the first author + more than two coauthors. In the text, they should be cited by the
primary author’s name (followed by “et al., YEAR” for multipleauthorship) and superscript to
indicate the particular reference in the list. Journal names are abbreviated based on the
International Code for the Abbreviation of Titles of Periodicals, and ISO 833-1974 (E):
Documentation International List of Periodical Title Word Abbreviation. The following are
examples of References:

Beiser, J. A., Gustin, K. M., Pearce, M. B., Maines, T. R.,Zeng, H, Pappas, C., Sun, X. S.,
Camey P. J., Villanueva,J. M., Stevens, J., Katz, J. M. and Tumpey, T. M.
 MAIN CAMPUS
M. J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu
City, Philippines Website: http://www.ctu.edu.ph E-
mail: thepresident@ctu.edu.ph Phone: +6332 402
4060 loc. 1137

2013.Pathogenesis and transmission of avian influenza A (H7N9)virus in ferrets and mice.

Nature 501: 556–559.
Tsukahara, N., Tani, Y., Kikuchi, H. and Sugita, S. 2014.Light transmission of the ocular media
in birds andmammals. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 76: 93–95.
Wild, D. G. 2013. The Immunoassay Handbook, 4th ed.,Elsevier Science & Technology, Oxford.
Hamm, L. L., Alpern, R. J. and Preisig, P. A. 2013. Cellularmechanisms of renal tubular
acidification. pp. 1917–1978.In: Seidin and Giebisch’s The Kidney, 5th ed. (Alperm, R.J.,
Caplan, M. J. and Moe, O. W. eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam.