Gregorio F. Zaide (May 25, 1907 - October 31, 1988) 4.
4. He has reversed the policy of Filipinizing the service of the
 the author of the document, “Filipino Grievances
Against Governor Wood
 A Filipino historian, author, politician from the town of
Pagsanjan, Laguna
 Multi-awarded author
 He wrote 67 books and more than 500 articles about
history
 Known as,“Dean of Filipino Historiographers
 Zaide compiled the document (petition letter) for the
Filipinos to safeguard the rights and justices of the
people. But, it is meant or intended to present the
grievances (experienced difficulties of Filipinos) under
the Governor-General Leonard Wood
Filipino Grievances against Governor Wood
 Is a document, a legal document
 A form of protest, served as an impeachment request
for Governor Wood
 A collective output, not an individual work, of Filipino
politicians forced by circumstances to unite against the
arbitrary acts of Governor-General Leonard Wood (a
common political enemy)
 Written: November 10, 1926
 Approved: November 17, 1926 (approved by the
Commission on Independence)
 Appointed: October 14, 1921 until August 7, 1927
Cabinet Crisis 1922
 The massive disapproval of Filipino people with the
difficulties of Governor Wood, particularly the executive
branches of the government, it caused the resignation
of the 5 Filipino Secretaries of the Department and the
members of Council of State. The resignation of the said
parties was accepted by Wood’s.
Leonard Wood
 Become the 7th Governor-General of the Philippines
from 1921-1922.
 He arrived in the Philippines in 1903 after his services
in Cuba. He was appointed Governor of the Mero
province, comprising the southern islands in Mindanao.
 He was also the head of the civil government. Aside
from that, he is also responsible for five districts, and the
commanding general of the troops in the department of
Mindanao and Sulu.
Arbitrary Acts (of Leonard Wood)
1. He has refused his assent to laws which were the most
wholesome & necessary heads of department.
2. He has set at naught both the legal authority and
responsibility for the Philippine heads of department.
3. He has substituted his constitutional advisers for a group
of military attaches without legal standing in the government
and not responsible to the people.
government by appointing Americans even when Filipinos of
proven capacity were available.
5. He has obstructed the carrying out of national economic
policies duty adopted by the Legislature, merely because
they are in conflict with his personal views.
6. He has rendered merely perfunctory the power of the
Legislature to pass the annual appropriation law by reviving
items in the law of the preceding year, after vetoing the
corresponding items of the current appropriation act, in the
flagrant violation for Organic Law.
7. He has made appointments to positions and authorized
the payment of salaries therefore after having vetoed the
appropriations of such salaries.
8. He has used certain public funds to grant additional
compensation to public officials in clear violation law.
9. He has arrogated unto himself the right of exercising the
powers granted by law to the Emergency Board after
abolishing said board on the ground that its powers involved
an unlawful delegation of legislative authority.
10. He has unduly interfered in the administration of justice.
11. He has refused to obtain the advice of the Senate in
making appointments where such advice is required by the
Organic Act.
12. He has refused to submit the Senate appointment for
vacancies occurring during the recess of the Legislature in
contravention of the Organic Act.
13. He has continued in office nominees whose
appointments had been rejected by the Senate.
14. He has usurped legislative powers by imposing
conditions on legislative measures approved by him.
15. He has, in the administration of affairs in Mindanao,
brought about a condition which has given rise to discord and
dissension between certain groups of Christian and
Mohammedan Filipinos.
16. He has by his policies created strained relations between
resident Americans and Filipinos.
17. He has endeavoured, on the pretext of getting the
government out of business, to dispose of all the companies
capitalized by the government worth many millions of the
people’s money to powerful America interests.
18. He has sanctioned the campaign of insidious
propaganda in the United States against the Filipino people
and their aspirations.
19. He has attempted to close the Philippine National Bank
so the necessary to the economic development of the
country.
20. He has adopted the practice of intervening in, and
controlling directly, to its minute details, the affairs of the
Philippine Government both insular and local, in violation of
self-government.
21. He has insistently sought the amendment of our laws
approved by the Congress of the United States, which
amendment would open up the resources of our country to
exploitation by predatory interests.