BHARATHI VIDYALAYA SENIOR

SECONDARY SCHOOL
721, Sholinganallur Medavakkam High Road,
Cheran Nagar, Perumbakkam,
Chennai- 600 100

PATRON: His Holiness Dakshinamaya Jagadguru

Mahasannidhanam Anantashri Bharathitheertha Mahaswamigal
Of Sri Sringeri Sarada Peetam

Physics Project on
“Testing Gas Laws”

By:

A.KishoreKumar

CLASS XI
 BHARATHI VIDYALAYA SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

(Affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi)

721, Sholinganallur Medavakkam High Road,
Cheran Nagar, Perumbakkam,
Chennai- 600 100

This is to certify that the project entitled

TESTING GAS LAWS

Is a bonafide work done by

A.KishoreKumar

EXAMINER
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank our correspondent Mrs. K. Alamelu, M.A., M.Ed.,

M.Phil.,for supporting us in our education.

I would also like to extend my gratitude to my Physics teacher

Mr .K.Karuppanaswamy, M.Sc.,Physics,for helping me with the project.

Last but not the least, a special thank you to my parents and The
Almighty, without whose support, this project would not have been
successful.
AIM:
My goal is to determine the effect of pressure and
temperature on the volume of air. I hypothesize that higher temperatures
and lower pressure increase the volume of air noticeably, even in
common, everyday situations.

GAS LAWS:
The gas laws were developed at the end of the 18th century,
when scientists began to realize that relationships between the pressure,
volume and temperature of a sample of gas could be obtained which
would hold to a good approximation for all gases. Gases behave in a
similar way over a wide variety of conditions because they all have
molecules which are widely spaced, and the equation of state for an ideal
gas is derived from kinetic theory. The earlier gas laws are now
considered as special cases of the ideal gas equation, with one or more
of the variables held constant.

BOYLE’s LAW:
Boyle's Law, published in 1662, states that, at constant
temperature, the product of the pressure and volume of a given mass of
an ideal gas in a closed system is always constant. It can be verified
experimentally using a pressure gauge and a variable volume container. It
can also be derived from the kinetic theory of gases: if a container, with a
fixed number of molecules inside, is reduced in volume, more molecules
will strike a given area of the sides of the container per unit time, causing
a greater pressure.

EQUATION:

where P is the pressure, and V is the volume of a gas.

GRAPH:

The graph for this inverse relationship is as follows:

CHARLES LAW:
 Charles's Law, or the law of volumes, was found in 1787 by
Jacques Charles. It states that, for a given mass of an ideal gas at constant
pressure, the volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature,
assuming in a closed system.

EQUATION:

where V is the volume of a gas, T is the absolute temperature.

GRAPH:
The graph for this relationship is as follows:
GAY LUSSAC’s LAW:
Gay-Lussac's Law, Amontons' Law or the Pressure Law, was found
by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in 1809. It states that, for a given mass and
constant volume of an ideal gas, the pressure exerted on the sides of its
container is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.

GRAPH:
The graph for this relationship is as follows:

IDEAL GAS LAW:

 The Combined Gas Law or General Gas Equation is
obtained by combining Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law. It
shows the relationship between the pressure, volume, and temperature for a
fixed mass (quantity) of gas.

EQUATION:

P = pressure (Pa)
V = volume (m3)
T = temperature (K)
n = number of moles
N = number of molecules
R = universal gas constant = 8.3145 Jmol^-1K^-1
kB = Boltz,amm's constant = 1.38x10-23 JK^-1
NA = Avagadro's number = 6.023x1023 mol^-1

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Balloons of 3 Different Sizes(Small, Medium,Large), Fridge, Hot Water Bath.

PROCEDURE:
Balloons are experimented with Effect on Volume.
1. The Balloon is kept in Room Temperature in Sea Level.
2. Another Balloon is kept in High Altitudes Like Terrace.
3. Another Balloon is kept in a Refridgerator and the Fourth balloon is kept
inside Hot Water.
4. Volume is Calculated and recorded in the Table.
5. Observe for 4 Times and note down the Mean Value.
6. Now, Repeat the Steps with Medium and Large Balloons and Record
Observations.

OBSERVATION:
It was found that balloons increase by 1% in volume per 100
meters of elevation gained, decrease by 6.9% per meter underwater, and
decrease by 0.4% per degree Kelvin of cooling. TEMPERATURE CHANGE

ALTITUDE CHANGE
RESULT:
Volume of Balloon increases with Less Pressure or Higher Temperature.
Volume of Balloon decreases with More Pressure or Less Temperature.
Most Interesting Observation was that even slight change of Elevation,
Temperature makes the Difference in Volume.
So, This Obeys Gas Laws.