Aircraft Materials Ferrous

1. Give five examples of the properties of a metal

2. Which property of metal is useful in sheet metal that is worked in to curved shapes?

3. ____ is the property to withstands little deformation

4. In the SAE/AISI four digit numerical index system, which digit indicates the principal alloying
element?

5. What are incidental elements?

6. Which one represent nickel alloy among the 1000,

2000, 3000 and 4000 series

7. In 4130 alloy steel, the major alloying element is ________ % of major alloying element is ____ and %
of carbon is_____

8. Which one has free carbon (graphite)?

A. low carbon steel

B. high carbon steel

C. cast iron

9. Apart from its composition, what two other conditions negatively affect the properties of steel?

10. Chrome-nickel is also known by the name ______ or ____.

11. What are the most common forms of heat treatment for ferrous metal?

12. What will happen to the temperature at the critical points during heat treatment?
Answers

1. hardness, malleability, ductility, elasticity, toughness, density, brittleness, fusibility,

conductivity contraction and expansion

2. Malleability

3. Brittleness

4. The first digit

5. Small quantities of certain elements present in alloy steels that are not specified as
required.
6. 2000 series

7. 4= chromium molybdenum, 1= chromium, 30= 0.30% carbon

8. C. cast iron

9. Cold working and hot working

10. Stainless Steel or Corrosion Resistant Steel

11. Annealing, normalizing, hardening, tempering and surface hardening.

12 It will remain constant for a given period of time.

Aircraft Materials Non-Ferrous

1. Why is aluminum preferred for aircraft construction?

2. Which class of aluminum is most used in aircraft ?

3. What do 2117 and 2024 have in common? Why?

4. Why does magnesium machining require extra care? What prevents part from burning?

5. Which nickel alloy is used in gears and parts that require high strength and toughness?

6.What is the main use of copper in aircraft?

7. What elements constitute bronze?

8. What are the classes of titanium and its alloys?

9. Which of the two aluminum heat treatment processes come first?

10. Which aging process requires moderate temperature?

Answers

1. Because of its high strength-to-weight ratio and comparative ease of fabrication. In addition
it melts at comparatively low temperature, nonmagnetic and is an excellent conductor.

2. The wrought alloys are the most widely used in aircraft construction, being used for
stringers, bulkheads, skin, rivets, and extruded sections.

3. Both 2117 and 2024 are in the 2xxx alloy series and have copper as the main alloying
element represented by the number 2.

4. Because magnesium in molten or in the form of fine dust or chips burns readily. Large
magnesium parts have high conductivity and hence prevent over heating.

5. Nickel Monel is used in gears and parts that require high strength and toughness.

6. In aircraft, copper is used primarily in the electrical system for bus bars, bonding, and as lock
wire.

7. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

8. Titanium and its alloys are classed as A (alpha), B (beta) and C (combined) depending on
their crystalline form.

9. Solution heat treatment which involves heating, soaking and quenching.

10. Artificial aging, of the precipitation heat treatment

Aircraft Materials: Composite & Non-Metalic

1. Define composite material.

2. What are the two constituting elements of a composite?

3. Which materials are referred to as advanced composite materials?

4. List some advantages of composite

5. What is the difference between solid laminate and sandwich composite structure?

6. The two types of plastics are ______ and _______

7. What are the most widely used synthetic rubbers?

8. Which of the PR1440 sealant type is applied with brush?

9. Write the stresses experienced by adhesive joints?

10. Which wood species is considered as a reference wood?

11. What are the requirements for wood selection?

12. What do Checks, shakes, and splits have in common?

13. Define warp of a fabric.

14. write the two types of fabrics used on aircraft.

15. List the three steps of fabric covering process.

Answers

1. A Composite is a combination of two or more macro constituents which are different in

composition or form. The component parts retain their identities and can be physically
identified.

2. Reinforcement fiber and resin matrix

3.Kevlar (aramid), carbon fiber (graphite), Fiber glass, boron, tungsten, quartz, silicon carbide,
ceramics, and SPECTRA

4.

a. low sensitivity to sonic vibrations (good vibration resistance)

b. lower assembly costs and parts

c. reduced weight, high corrosion resistance
d. high deterioration resistance
e. smooth surface

5. Solid laminates are constructed of three or more layers of resin impregnated cloths whereas

Structure with a core center and facings is called a sandwich structure.

6. Thermosetting, Thermoplastic

8. Type A

9. Tensile, Shear, Cleavage and Peel.

10. Sitka spruce

11. •Moisture content -12% •Minimum annual rings per inch-6

•Maximum slope of the grain -1 inch in 15 inches

12. They are types of wooden crack defects

13. Warp is the direction along the length of a fabric.

14. Organic and inorganic fabrics

15. • select an approved fabric •follow the applicable STC steps to attach the fabric to the
airframe and to protect it from the elements

•apply the approved topcoat to give the aircraft its color scheme and final appearance.
Corrosion:

1. Define corrosion

2. State the four conditions for Electro-chemical corrosion to occur

3. How does galvanic corrosion occur?

4. List five types of corrosion

5. What causes inter-granular corrosion?

6. What is the cause of crevice corrosion?

7. How do you identify Fili-form corrosion?

8. What type of corrosion occurs between two surfaces which are in relative motion?

9. Mention three causes of corrosion?

10. Compare the corrodibility of aluminum and magnesium

Answers
1. Corrosion is the electrochemical deterioration of a material or its properties due to its
chemical reaction with the surrounding environment
2.
•presence of metal which corrode called the anode
• presence of a metal which corrodes less (the cathode)
•A conductive liquid (electrolyte) must connect the anode and cathode
•Electrical contact between the anode and cathode (usually in the form of metal-to-metal
contact

3. Galvanic corrosion occurs when different metals are in contact with each other in the
presence of an electrolyte, such as sea water

4. Uniform Surface Corrosion, Galvanic Corrosion, Pitting Corrosion, Intergranular Corrosion,

Exfoliation Corrosion, Crevice Corrosion, Filiform Corrosion, Erosion Corrosion, Corrosion
Fatigue Fretting Corrosion, Hot Corrosion

5. Chemical difference between grain boundaries

6. Presence of stagnant solution

7. By its characteristic wormlike trace of corrosion products

8. Fretting

9. Type of Materials , Heat Treatment and Alloy crystalline grain reformation, Dissimilar Metals,
Anode and Cathode Surface Area, Presence of Electrolytes, Temperature, Biological Organisms,
Mechanical Stress

10. Magnesium comes first in the galvanic series (more anodic than aluminum). Therefore its
corrodibility is higher