Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ASSUMPTIONS
SUPPOSITIONS
CPM Theory is concerned with explaining an individual’s negotiation processes
regarding keeping or disclosing private information.
the process of communicating private information to other people becomes
private disclosures. It is the process of communicating private information to
another
CPM focuses on private disclosures rather than self-disclosures
It is focused on that way because it puts more emphasis on the personal content
of the disclosure. It gives more emphasis on the privacy
CPM does not consider disclosures are only about the self. It is a communicative
process, it does not restrict the process only to the self but rather extends it to
embrace multiple levels of disclosure including self and group.
CPM theory offers a privacy management system that identifies ways privacy
boundaries are coordinated between and among individuals
To accomplish those goals, CPM theory proposed five basic suppositions: private
information, private boundaries, control and ownership, rule-based management system,
and management dialectics.
Private information
Information that matters deeply to an individual
Those information are what makes up a person
It is what gives them a conception about themselves
It is a message which a person either keeps to themselves or disclose it to other
people
Private boundaries
Distinguishing an information if it is private or public
Boundary metaphor is used to make the point that there is a line between being
public and being private.
On one side, an individual keep the private information for themselves, on the
other side an individual reveal some private information to other people who they
feel comfortable to share with.
When a private information is shared with another person, it is called collective
boundary
When the private information remains to an individual and is not disclosed, it is
called personal boundary
Boundaries have variations as well. Relatively permeable (easy to cross) and
relatively impregnable (rigid and difficult to cross)
As we grow older, our boundaries change. Boundaries increases as a child
grows into adolescence and adulthood because they develop a sense of privacy.
But as an individual gets older, their boundaries shrink. (Elders being dependent
on caregivers with their daily routines which causes their boundary to lessen)
Management dialects
Focuses between present tensions for revealing private information and
concealing it.
Tensions of boundaries that people encounter due to opposites and
contradictions
Example: a student, who have loads of work to do, suddenly bumps into
someone he knows that went away years ago. They engage into a conversation
of catching up through the years of not having the chance to talk to one another.
The tension present in this scenario is that the student enjoys the company of an
old friend yet he needs to do the school works and disclosing is taking away time
to work on it.
Rule development
Describes how rules come to be decided.
Guided by people’s decision criteria for revealing or concealing private
information
For developing privacy rules, CPM states that 5 decision criteria are used:
cultural, gendered, motivational, contextual, risk-benefit ratio
Cultural criteria depend on the norms for privacy and openness in a given
culture.
An individual’s expectations for privacy are guided by the values they learn in
their culture.
Example: An American asking for help to a Filipino because he knows that he
cannot turn down his help due to the Filipino culture that we cannot turn down
offers because we do not want to offend someone.
Gendered criteria are the differences present between men and women upon
drawing privacy boundaries.
Example: women are more open to socialize and disclose their private
information than men.
Motivational criteria involves how people make decisions about disclosing
private information based on their motivations.
Example: when someone has disclosed or shared a great deal of information
about themselves, you feel a sense of reciprocity to also share some information
about you which is the motivation.
Contextual criteria pertains to the experiences an individual has encountered
which affects their decision-making.
Two elements: social environment and physical setting
Social environment involves the special circumstances that might start a
disclosure or a decision to disclose.
Example: a groupmate of yours have not been responding to your chats and
have not done any contributions to your work. Because of his incompetence, you
felt irritated which prompted you to rant to your close friend about your
groupmate’s incompetence.
Physical setting has to do with the actual location.
Example: a person feels uncomfortable disclosing in a crowded room because
someone might hear or intervene in their conversation. She feels much more
comfortable being in a quiet place.
Risk-benefit ratio criteria means people evaluate the risks related to the
benefits of disclosing or keeping it to themselves.
Example: your friend has a body odor. You contemplate on whether you would
tell your friend so that she could solve that or not tell her because you don’t want
her to feel bad.
Boundary Coordination
Describes how people manage their private information by the boundaries they
have set.
Boundaries should be coordinated through the rules a person have set to have a
smooth transaction of communication and have a viable outcome in relationships
When a private information is shared, co-owners should coordinate with the
original owner’s boundaries of privacy and disclosure based on boundary
permeability, boundary linkage, and boundary ownership
Boundary permeability refers to how much information is able to pass through
a boundary.
When access to private information is closed, boundaries are thick boundaries.
When access is open, boundaries are thin boundaries
Boundary linkage is the connections forming boundary alliances between
people
Example: relationship between a doctor and a patient. The doctor form linkages
with their patient in such a way to give out private information simultaneously
within their boundaries
Boundary ownership is the rights and responsibilities a person has to control
the spread of their private information to other people.
For this to work, rules should be clearly given.
Example: conducting a surprise party. All those who are involved in planning the
surprise should agree on how the information would be spread without ruining
the surprise.
Boundary Turbulence
This exists when the rules of boundary coordination of a person are unclear or
are mot coordinated.
The conflict about boundary expectations and regulation where a person
expected an appropriate response when they share their private information but
rather gets violated or rejected instead.