PAGES

CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER -1
INTRODUCTION
“You can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the state of its Woman”
Jawaharlal Nehru
1.1.BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY

During pregnancy, a miracle unfolds inside the expecting mother. The baby’s growing, the
body’s changing, and hormones are surging, but there are plenty of things which can be done to
make the journey as safe and enjoyable as possible and to prepare for what’s yet to come.
Pregnancy is a time of great physical and emotional change for woman. Everything from the size
of her belly to the speed at which her heart beats will change over the nine months leading up to
childbirth. During pregnancy, body produces more blood to support he growth of baby. If mother
is not getting enough iron or certain other nutrients, body might not be able to produce the
amount of red blood cells it needs to make this additional blood. It’s normal to have mild anemia
when pregnant. But there may be more serve anemia from low iron or vitamin levels or from
other reasons.
Anemia is one of the most commonly encountered medical disorders during pregnancy. In
developing counties it is a cause of serious concern as, besides many other adverse effects on the
mother and the fetus it contributes significantly high maternal mortality. According to united
Nation Deceleration 1977, anemia is a major public health problem that needs total elimination.
It is estimated that globally two billion people suffer from anemia or iron deficiency.
1.2.NEED FOR THE STUDY

Anemia is a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood; this may be caused by a decrees
in red blood cell (RBC) production, or reduction in hemoglobin (Hb) content of blood, or a
combination of both, It is often by the decrees in Hemoglobin levels below the normal range of
13.5g/dll(men), 11.5g/dll(women) & 11 g/dll (children)
According to standard laid down by WHO, Anemia in pregnancy is present when the
Hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. However, because of
prevailing socio-economic deprivation in the developing countries, the level is brought down to
10gm/dl. Adopting this lower level, the incidence of anemia in pregnancy ranges widely from
40-80% in the tropics compared to 10-20% in developed countries.
According to WHO (2005) in the world 5,29,000 woman die every year as a result of pregnancy
and child birth, a global ratio of 400 maternal death per 100,000 live births. According to SRS
report for the year 2003, the maternal mortality rate in India was 301 deaths per 100,000 live
births. According to ICMR report, Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in India are
like, normal 12.5%, mild 40.8%, moderate 33/6% & severe 13.1% in the year 1993.
The district nutrition survey (1999-2000), reported that prevalence of hemoglobin less than
11gm/dll was 61 %, 79%, 84% in the District of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar,
respectively. The National data suggested that, the prevalence of Nutritional anemia in
Pregnancy is high in India.
Some important factors have strongly influenced anemia during pregnancy, such as, faulty
dietary habit which includes deficiency of iron in diet and reduce the absorption of iron, faulty
absorption mechanism of the body (because of Malnutrition), repeated pregnancy at short
interval, etc. As a result, anemia during pregnancy remains a significant. Social; economical &
health care problem in developing countries, like in India.
Anemia is responsible for 25 % of maternal death either directly or indirectly though several
complications, like Ante partum hemorrhage, Abortion, Heart failure, Preterm labour, etc during
pregnancy, Uterine inertia, Post-partum hemorrhage, Preterm labour, shock during labour and
puerperal sepsis sub involution, etc during puerperium, Also the complication may affect the
newborn as, IUGR, low-birth weight baby. So, it is essential to prevent those complications.
During the community posting of my session I conducted a mini project works on Estimation of
Hemoglobin level among antenatal mothers. For the completion of this project, I selected District
Hospital Shri Hospital, MGM Hospital, Katni City. Aim was to promote well being of Antenatal
mothers and also to emphasis on health problems such as Anemia in pregnancy.
During Hemoglobin estimation I found 20 cases suffering from anemia in both the setting. In
both the settings the antenatal clients were enrolled in the health centre. Some clients were
underweight and anemic. I also found & were malnourished, 2 suffered from mating and were
suffering from moderate and mild anemia. Hemoglobin estimation is an integral part of
Antenatal Period. Health services provided in health centers promote physical mental social
health of antenatal mothers.
The objectives of the project were Promotion of positive health of antenatal mothers Prevention
of discuses awakening of health consciousness Provision of healthily environment. For
fulfillment of these objectives, Hemoglobin estimation was done and conducted as many health
checks up as possible among the antenatal mothers in rural and urban community. Goal was
accomplished and in this way results were useful
After accomplishing my project it was found that many antenatal mothers were suffering fro
mild and moderate anemia, clients were tile to modify their dietary pattern and take care of
themselves, I advised them to take nutritious diet, told them about primary health centers and
their facilities near the community and gave them health education and made them aware about
the prevalent diseases and their precautions, So in this way , did what was be possible on my
path for the good health of antenatal mothers and thus achieved the goals and objectives of the
minarets of Hemoglobin Estimation in Antenatal Mothers”
Anemia in Pregnancy is a serious problem to day all over the world and mistily I the developing
countries like in India. It can be prevented by the adequate dietary requirements. The woman in
pregnancy have double demand of the nutrients like, the recommended amount of iron they need
cash day increases during pregnancy from about18mg perk day to 27mg per day. Most pregnant
woman gets this amount from eating foods that contains iron. Folic acid and Vit. B 2 but due to
lack of education about dietary daily requirement some mother are till suffering
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT
To assess the effectiveness studied teaching programming knowledge regarding

anemia during pregnancy among anemic antenatal mothers in selected rural
hospital of Katni City
1. OBJECTIVIES
1. Assess the Hemoglobin level of anemic antenatal mothers.

2. Assess the pre test knowledge score amount antenatal mothers on Anemia
during pregnancy
3. Assess the post test knowledge score among antenatal mothers on Anemia
during pregnancy.
4. Assess the effectiveness of Structure teaching programs on Anemia during
pregnancy among Antenatal Mothers.
5. Associate the pretest knowledge score with selected demographic variables.
1.5 ASSUMPTIONS:
It is assumed that
Structure teaching program. will improve antenatal mothers knowledge on anemia
and level of Hemoglobin during pregnancy.
1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES
Hl: There will be significant difference in the mean pre test and post test
knowledge score regarding anemia during pregnancy among Antenatal Mothers.
H2: There will be significant association between Pre test knowledge score with
selected demographic variables.
1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
1. Assess: In the study it refers to the measurement of knowledge regarding

anemia during pregnancy by using appropriated tool developed by the
investigator.
2. Effectiveness: Ink the study, kit refers to the extent to which structure
teaching programmer succeeds in to antenatal mothers regarding anemia
during.
3. Structure Teaching Programmer In this study, it refers to making use of a
avails which includes introduction definition causes, sign and symptoms and
management of Anemia during pregnancy.
4. Anemia: In the study Anemia refers to the low level of Hemoglobin in the
Blood ranging less that 10gm\dl among antenatal mothers.
5. Anemic: In the study. Anemic refers to the antenatal mothers who have low
level of Hemoglobin in the Blood ranging less that 10gm\dl.
6. Antenatal Mothers: Refers to women who continues a normal pregnancy till
38 weeks of time duration
1.8 DELIMITATIONS
The study is delimited to the antenatal mothers who are note present during
the period of data collection.
Limited time of 1 month will be available for data collection

Study is limited to 60 samples.
1.9.CONCEPTUAL THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

Conceptual framework is based on modified Imogene M. King.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OFL LITERATURE
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OFL LITERATURE
A literature review is a written summary of the existing knowledge on research

problems. The task of reviewing research literature involve the identification,
selection critical analysis and written description of existing information
(Polit kans Handler 2003)
2.1.1. E.O.Ugwn etal (2015) Conducted a study and aim was to determine
the average HCT (hematocrit) prevalence, and pattern of; anemia as well the arm
preferences for blood sample collection among pregnant women ink Enugu, South
East Nigeria, Subjects and Methods: HCT was determined using venous blood of
200 antenatal women at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital UNTH Enugu
Nigeria. Questionnaires were used to assess participants arm preference for blood
sample collection for clinical investigations. Data analysis was descriptive and
inferential at 95# confidence level. Results Participants mean HCT was 33.3 (3.7)
the average HCT kin second trimester 33.3# (3.76) was significantly lower than
that of third trimester (34.6) (3.4) P=0/01) Prevalence of anemia was 28.0#
(56\200) and a majority (94.6#) 53, 56) of anemic women belong to the mild
category. Only parity groups had a significant association with anemia ink
pregnancy (P. = 0/04) None of the participants reported being asked about her arm
preference during blood collection for routine antenatal investigations’ One
hundred and five (52.5%) women expressed preference for either left (34.5)
69\200) or right arm (18.0% 36]200) for blood sample collection Conclusion The
average HCT among pregnant women at the UNTH Enugu Nigeria was within
normal range and the prevalence of anemia was relatively low. The majority of
women expressed a preference for either right or left arum for blood sample
collection for clinical investigations and would with their choices sought for and
respected.
2. Francis Soumyamol & Nayak Sabitha (2013) conducted a study to

assess the maternal hemoglobin level and its association with pregnancy
outcome among mother the study design adopted was descriptive design, 100
antenatal mothers were selected by purposive sapling. The demographic
Performa were collected fro the women by interview and Apgar scoring
system, New Ballard score and infant meter used for assessing the pregnancy
outcome. Date obtained ink these areas were analyzed by descriptive and
inferential statistics, a statistics. A Significant relation was found between
maternal hemoglobin level and pregnancy outcome such as type of delivery
(0.039 P.0.05) and birth weight (001,P 0.05) and a significant association was
found between maternal hemoglobin and selected demographic variables as
income (037p)and BMI (039-0.05) The findings of the study revealed that there
is a association between maternal hemoglobin level and pregnancy outcome
2.1.3 Husain Shania etal (2013) conducted a study to determine the

prevalence and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal
care at Aziz Bhatti shaheed Hospital Gujarat. The attending doctor filled a
Performa at the first antenatal visit and blood sample was also drawn for complete
blood counts. Resulted Out of 560 women studied 419(74.8%) women were
anemia, Anemic, was more prevalent in multigravidac Anaemiawas more prevalent
in multigravidac (77.6%) that ink primigravidae (69.3) Regarding severity
699%mild 26.7%)moderate and 3.3% cases were of severe anemia respectively.
The severity increased with increasing parity. The prevalence also increased with
decreasing birth intervals (P=0001) and late booking anemia was morel common
among uneducated (78.6%) or those educated up to primary (72.7) Intake of meat
\chicken less than 2 times week (p=001) and pICA (p=000020 Anemia was more
common among uneducated (78.6%) or these educated up to primary (72.7%) In
take of meat \ chicken less than 2times\week (p=0.01) and PICA (p=0.0050 were
also the risk factors for anemia developed in pregnancy. Conclusions the
prevalence of anemia in antenatal care attendees of lABSH is very high. Frequent
child birth with lack of birth spacing, late booking, low educational status and pork
dietary habits are the major risk factors that need urgent attention of health care
providers.
2.1.4 Ali Mohammed etal (2013) conducted a descriptive cross sectional

study was conducted from August 2011 to February 2012. The data was collected
by a direct Interview from pregnant women in their 3rd trimester attending primary
health care enters the hemoglobin level of 11 gm\dl was considered anemic.
Results. The total sample size was 400 pregnant women their ages ranged from 15
to 44 years (mean A standard deviation of 26.68 = 5.917 year) The overall
prevalence of anemia was 55.5% with highest rate among the age group of ^20
year and ^40 years Overcrowding index poor dietary habit multiparty, low
consumption of iron foliate supplements, the absence of specialist doctor and
monthly screening for anemia week significantly associated with prevalence of
anemia, Conclusion There is a high prevalence of anemia among pregnant women
in Erbil city all the cases are of mild and moderate severity which is associated
with any factors like over crowding poor dietary habit gravidity lack of qualified
staff shortage of iron of late supplements and poor counseling.
5. Obese teat (2013) conducted a cross section study from June to
august 2011 on 374 pregnant women, Mothers who came for ANC during the
study period and who met the inclusion criteria were interviewed and a
capillary blood sample was taken Hemoglobin level laws determined by using
Hemo Cue Photometer, and interviewer administered questionnaire was used to
collect data Data were cleaned, coded and fed into SPSS version 16.0 for
analysis, RESULT. the mean hemoglobin concentration was 12.05A=1.5 g\dl
and prevalence of anemia was 36.6% Family sizes (COR=2,67 , CI(1.65,4,32)
third trimester (COR=1,45 CI (1,11,2.23) meat consumption ^lx/wk (
COR=3.47, CI ( 1.58, 7.64) and pica (COR=2.33, CI(1.53,2,23) meat
consumption ^1x’wk (COR =2.67, CI( 1.65,4.32) third trimester (COR=1.45
CI(1.11.2,23) meat consumption ^1wk(COR=3.47,CI(1,58, 7.64) and pica
(COR = 2.33, CI (1.52,3.58) were significantly associated with anemia . Having
five or more children (AOR=5.2, CI (1.52, 3.58) were significantly associated
with anemia. Having five or more children (AOR=2.33, CI (1.52, 3.58) were
significantly associated with anemia. Having five or more children (AOR=6.7
CI (2.49, 17.89) intake of tea always after meal (AOR=12.83 CI (45-28.9) and
recurrence of lines during pregnancy (AOR=7.3 CI (2.12 – 25-39) were factors
associated with anemia. CONCLUSION: This study showed that anemia is a
moderate public health problem less frequently meat and vegetable
consumption parity are risk factors for academia. Therefore reducing parity
taking balanced diet and use of mosquito nets during pregnancy are
recommended.
2.1.6 Fujimori E et al (2011) conducted a cross sectional study to compare

prevalence of anemia and hemoglobin (HB) levels in Brazilian pregnant women
before and after flour fortification with iron. The subjects were 12, 119 pregnant
woman distributed in two groups: before fortification and after fortification).
Statistical analysis was carried out using chi-squared test, student's test, and
logistic regression, with a significance level of 5% the result indicated that
prevalence of anemia fell from 25 % to 20 % after fortification (P>0.001) and the
logistic regression analysis showed that group, geographic region, marital status,
trimester of pregnancy, initial nutritional status, and prior pregnancy were
associated with anemia (p<0.05). The study concluded that prevalence of anemia
decreased after fortification.
2.1.7 Reveiz L etal (2011) conducted a study to assess the effects of
different treatments for anemia in pregnancy attributed to iron deficiency (defined
as hemoglobin less than 11 g/dL or other equivalent parameters) on maternal and
neonatal morbidity and mortality. The sample were 3.198 women. The result
revealed that the oral iron in pregnancy showed a reduction in the incidence of
anemia (risk ration 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.26 to 0.55). the study
concluded that despire the high incidence and burden of disease associated with
this condition. Daily oral iron treatment improves hematological indices and large,
good quality trials, assessing clinical outcomes (including adverse effects) as well
as the effects of treatment by severity of anemia are required.
2.1.8 Godwin I, Kumari K.S. (2009) Conducted a study in Kerala to assess
the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among young mothers and their children
of preschool age. The preschoolers and women of child bearing age are affected
mostly. The study
FIGURE NO. 2 SCHEMATIC PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH DESIGN
CHAPTER-IV
ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
New 4.5 ORGANIZATIONS OF STUDY KLFINDINEGS
The snalys is described in six sections
SECTION I – It deals with analysis of the demographic data of the sampan

SECTION II- it deals with the analysis of estimation of Hemoglobin level of
anemia antenatal mothers.
SECTION III- it deals with the analysis of the data related to knowledge score
before administering the structure teaching program.
SECTION IV It deals with the analysis of data related to knowledge acre after
administrating the structure teaching programmed
SECTIO V – It deals with the effectiveness structure teaching programmed by
comparison of knowledge score before and after administration structure teaching
program.
SECTIONKL VI- It deals with the association of pre test knowledge score of
antenatal mothers with selected demographic variables.
SECTION I
This section deals with the findings of demographic variables:-
TABLE NO.4
AGE OF THE MOTHER
( N=60)
S. NO. Variable Frequency (N) Percentage%
1 AGE
1 <19 year 11 18.33
2 20-25 yr 39 65
3 26-31 yr 10 16.66
4 ABOVE 32 0 0
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in table No. 4:- out of 60 subject in the sample size, the majority
were 39 (65%) between 20-25 yrs of age and none were above 32 yrs of age.
FIGURE No 03
AGE OF MOTHER
The data given in the Fig No. 3 Out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority
week 39 ( 65% ) between 20-25 yrs of age, between 26-31 yrs of age 10 (16.6%)
less than 19 yrs of age 11 )18.3%) ad none were 0 (0%) above 32 yrs of age
TABLE NO. 05
EDUCATION OF MOTHER
( N=60)
1 EDUCATION
1 H.S.S. AND ABOVE 2 3.33
2 MIDDLE SCHOOL 17 28.33
3 PRIMARY SCHOOL 27 45
4 NEVER BEEN TO SCHOOL 14 23.33
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No. 5% Out of 60 subjects ink this sample size, the
majority week 27 (45%) have studied till primary level and the minority 2 (3.3%)
are H.S.S. passed
FIGURE No 4
The data given in Fig No. 4: Out of 60 subjects ink the sample size the majority
were 27 (45%) have studied till primary level, and the minority were 2 ( 3.3% ) are
H.S.S. passed.
TABLE No 06
OCCUPATION OF HUSBAND
( N=60)
1 OCCUPATION (H)
1 UNEMPLOYED 17 28.33
2 SELF-EMPLOYED 43 71.66
3 PRIVATE 0 0
4 GOVERNMENT 0 0
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No 6: Out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority,
43 (71.66%) are self employed, and none were working 0(0%) either in private of
government sector)
FIGURE NO 05
The data given in Flag No 5: Out of 60 subjects in the sample size, the majority.
43(71.66%) are self employed, and none were 0 (0%) working either ink private or
government sector.
TABLE No. 07
OCCUPATION OF WIFE

1 OCCUPATION (W)
1 HOUSEWIFE 28 46.66
2 WORKING 32 53.33
TOTAL 60 100
The data given kin table No.7 Out of 60 subjects ink the sample size the majority
32(53.33%) are working and the minority 28(46.6%) are house wife.
FIGURE NO. 06
The data given in Fig No. 6 out of 60 subjects in the sample size, the majority 32
(53.33%) are working and the minority 28 (46.6%) are housewife
TABLE NO. 08
FAMILY INCOME
( N=60)
1 FAMILY INCOME
1 <200 18 30
2 2001-5000 21 35
3 5001-10000 16 26.66
4 >10000 5 8.33
TOTAL 60 100
The date given in Fig No. 7: Out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority 21
(35%) are earning between 2000-5000 and minority rupees 5 (8.33%) are earning
more than 10000 rupees.
TABLE No 09
TYPE OF FAMILY
The date given in Table No. 9:- Out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority
39 (65%) are living ink joint family and minority 21 (35%) are living in nuclear
family; none of the samples stay in extended family.
FIGURE NO 09
TYPE OF FAMILY
( N=60)
1 TYPE OF FAMILY
1 JOINT 39 65
2 NUCLEAR 21 35
3 EXTENDED 0 0
4
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Fig No. 9:- Out of 60 subject in the sample size the majority
39(65%) are living in joint family ad minority 21 (35%) are living in nuclear
family, none of the sample stay in extended family.
FIGURE MO. 08
The data given in Fig. No. 8:- out of 60 subjects in the sample size, the majority,
39 (65 %) are living in joint family and minority 21 (35% are living in nuclear
family, none of the samples stay in extended family.
TABLE NO 10
Height OF MOTHER
( N=60)
1 HEIGHT OF MOTHER
1 144-154cms 22 36.66
2 155-164cms 35 58.33
3 165-174cms 3 5
4
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No. 10 – Out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority
35 (35.33% ) are of height between 155-164 cms and minority 3 (5%) are of high
between 165-174 cms.
FIGURE NO 09
The data given in Fig No. 9 : Out of 60 subjects in the sample size 35(58.3) are of
height between 155-164 cms, 22(36.6%) are of height between 144-154 cms and 3
3 ( 5%) are of height between 165-174) cms
TABLE NO. 11
WEIGHT OF MOTHER
( N=60)
1 WEIGHT OF MOTHER
1 < 50 kg 13 21.66
2 51-60 kg 22 36.66
3 61-70 kg 17 28.33
4 > 70 kg 8 12.33
TOTAL 60 100
The date give in Table No. 11- out of 60 subject in the sample size, the Majority 22
( 36.66%) are of weight between 51-60 kgs and minority 8
( 13.33%) are of weight more than 70kgs.
FIGURE No. 10
The data given in Fig No 10:- Out of 60 subjects in the sample size 13(21).66%)
are of weight less than 50 kgs, 22(36.6%) are of weight between 51-60 kgs
17(28.33) are of weight between 61-70 kgs and 8 ( 13.33%) are of weight 70k kgs
and above.
TABLE NO. 12
PARTY OF MOTHER
( N=60)
9 PARA
1 PRIMI PARA 36 60
2 MULTI PARA 24 40
3
4
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No. 12: - Out of 60 subject in the majority 36 (60%) are
prime para and minority 24 (40%) are multipart.
FIGURE NO. 11
The data given in Fig No. 11:_ our of 60 subjects in the sample size, the majority
k36 (60%) are prime para and minority 24 (40%) are multipart.
TABLE NO. 13
AGE OF MENARCHE
( N=60)
1 AGE OF MENARCH
1 13 YEARS 16 26.66
2 13-14 YEARS 23 38.33
3 15-16 YEARS 15 25
4 16YEARS 6 10
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No. 13% Out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority
23 (38.3% ) had their menarche at the age of 13-14 kyrs and minority 6 (10%) had
menarche at the age of 16 years and after
FIGURE No 12
The date given in Fig No. 12:- Out of 60 subject in the sample size 23 (38.3%) had
their menarche at the age of 13-14 yrs. 16 had their menarche when they were at
the age of 13 years or less 15 had their menarche at the age of 15-16 yrs and
6(10%) and their menarche at the age of 16 years and after.
TABLE No. 14
NUMBER OF DAYS OF MESTRUAL BLEEDING
( N=60)
11 NO OF DAYS OF BLEEDING
1 3 DAYS 11 18.33
2 4-6 DAYS 28 46.66
3 7 DAYS 11 18.33
4 THAN A WEEK 10 16.66
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No. 14:- Out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority
28 (46.6%) had their menstrual bleeding 4-6 days and minority 10 (16.66%) had
their menstrual bleeding more than a week.
FIGURE NO.13
The data given in Fig No. 13 :- Out of 60 subjects in the sample size 28(46.6%)
had their menstrual bleeding 4-6 days , 11 k( 18.33% ) had their menstrual
bleeding for 3 days 11(18.33%) had their menstrual bleeding for 7 days and 10
(16.66%) had their menstrual bleeding more than a week.
TABLE NO. 15
MARITAL LIFE OF MOTHER
( N=60)
1 MAROTAL LIFE
1 < 1 YEAR 13 21.66
2 1-2 YEARS 22 36.66
3 3-4YEARS 17 28.33
4 > 4 YEARS 8 13.33
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No. 15:- Out of 60 subject in the sample size, the majority
22 (36.6%) have a marital life of 1-2 years and minority 8 (13.33%) have a marital
life of 4 years and above.
FIGURE No 14
The data given in Fig No.14; - Out of 60 subjects in the sample size 22 (36.6%)
have a marital life of 1.2 Years, 17(28.33%) have a marital life of 3-4 years 13
(21.66%) have a marital life of 1 year and less and 8 (13.33%) have a marital life
of 4 years and above.
TABLE NO 16
DIETARY HISTORY OF MOTHER
( N=60)
13 DIETARY HISTORY
1 VEG 23 38.33
2 NON VEG 21 35
3 EGGETARIAN 16 26.66
TOTAL 60 100
The date given in table no 16 Out of the 60 sample majority 23(38.33%) are
vegetarian 21(35%) are non vegetarian and minority 16(26.66%) are vegetaria
FIGURE NO 15
The data given in Fig no 15 Out of the 60 sample majority 23(38.33%) are
vegetarian 21(35%) are non vegetarian and minority 16 (26.66%) are vegetarian.
TABLE NO 17
PAST MEDICAL HISTORY OF MOTHER
( N=60)

1 PAST MEDICAL HISTORY
1 YES 5 8.33
2 NO 55 91.66
TOTAL 60 100
The date given in table no. 17 Out of the 60 samples majority 55 (91.66%) have no
complaint of past medical history and minority 5 (8.33%) have a complaint of past
medical history
FIGURE NO 16
The data given in Fig No 16 Out of the 60 samples majority 55 (91.66%) have no
complaint of past medical and minority 5 (8.33%) have a complain of past medical
history.
TABLE NO 18
PAST SURICAL HISTORY
( N=60)

15 SURGICAL HISTORY
1 YES 4 6.66
2 NO 56 93.33
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No 18 Out of the 60 samples majority 56 (93.33%) have
no complaint of past surgical history and minority 4 (6.66%) have a complaint of
past surgical history.
FIGURE No. 17
The data given in Fig No 17 Out of the 60 samples majority 56 (93.33%) have no
complaint of past surgical history and minority 4 (6.66%) have a complaint of past
surgical history.
TABLE NO 19
FAMILY HISTORY OF MOTHER RELATED TO BLOOD DISORDERS
( N=60)
16 FAMILY HISTORY
1 THALESSEMIA 0 0
2 SICKLE CELL ANEMIA 0 0
3 LEUKEMIA 0 0
4 NONE OF ABOVE 60 100
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table no 19 Out of the 60 samples majority 60 (100%) have no
complaint of tha lessemia, sickle cell anemia or leukemia.
FIGURE NO 18
The data given in Fig No. 18:- Out of the 60 samples majority 60 (100%) have no
complaint of family history of tha lessemia, sickle cell academia of leukemia.
TABLE NO.20
PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY

( N=60)
17 PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE
1 HEALLTH CARE PERSONANEL 18 30
2 MEDIA 17 28.33
3 FAMILY 20 33.33
4 NO INFORMATION 5 8.33
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No. 20:- Out of 60 subjects in the sample size, the majority
20 (33.33%) are having information through family members and minority 5
(8.33%) had no information.
FIGURE NO 19
The data given in Fig No. 19:- Out of 60 subjects in the Sample size 20 (33.33%)
are having information though family members 17(28.33%) having information
mass media 18(30%) have information health personnel's and minority 5 (8.33%)
have no information.
TABLE No. 21
IRON SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY
( N=60)
18 IRON SUPPLEMENT
1 YES 54 90
2 NO 6 10
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No 21:- Out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority
54 (90%) take iron supplements and minority 6(10%) don’t take iron supplements.
FIGURE No 20
The data given in Fig No. 20: Out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority 54
(90%) take iron supplements and minority 6 (10%) don’t take iron supplements.
TABLE NO. 22
REGISTERED CASE OF HEALTH CENTRE
( N=60)
19 REGISTERED CASE
1 YES 60 100
2 NO 0 0
TOTAL 60 100
The date given in Table No.22:- Out of 60 subjects in the sample size all 60
(100%) are registered case of health centre.
FIGURE NO 21
The data given In Fig No 21:- Out of 60 subjects in the sample size all 60 (100%)
are registered case of health centre.
TABLE NO 23
HABIT KOF PICA
( N=60)

20 HABIT OF PICA
1 YES 3 5
2 NO 57 95
TOTAL 60 100
The data given in Table No 23: Out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority
57 (95%) don’t have a habit of pica and minority 3 (5%) have habit of pica.
FIGURE NO. 22
The data given in Fig No. 22 out of 60 subjects in the sample size the majority 57
(95%) don’t have a habit of pica and minority 3 (5%) have habit of pica.
SECTION II- It deals with analysis of estimation of Hemoglobin level of anemic

antenatal mothers.
Table No. 24
Allotment of score for estimation of hemoglobin (N=60)
S.No. Categories Standard value
1 Mild 10.0-11 gm/dl
2 Moderate 7.0-9.9gm/dl
3 Severe <7.0gm/dl
Source: Adapted from WHO, 1995, WHO 2000 and WHO 2004
Table No 25
Estimation of Hemoglobin by sails method (N=60)
S.No. Categories Frequency (N) Percentage % Mean SD
1 Mild 22 36.66 3.8 1.4
2 Moderate 18 30
3 Severe 20 33.33
The data given in Table No. 25: Out of 60 sample, 22(36.66%) have mild anemia
18 (30%) have moderate anemia and 20 (33.33%) have severe anemia Thus it
fulfils the objective no l.
FIGURE No. 23
The data given in Flg No. 23 Out of 60 sample 22 (36.66%) have mild i8 (30%)
have moderate anemia and 20 (33.33%) have severe anemia.
SECTION III: - It deals with the analysis of the date related to knowledge score
before administering the structure teaching program
Table No. 26
Allotment of score for the assessment of knowledge of antenatal mothers (N=60)

S.No. Description Max. Score Good Average Poor
1 Knowledge 30 21-30 11-20 1-10
Description: - The Table No. 26 indicates the assessment of knowledge by asking

total 30 questions to the antenatal mothers regarding anemia during pregnancy.
Score can be categorized in to three categories (Good Average Poor)
Table No 27
Assessment of score for Pre test Knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding

Anemia during pregnancy (N=60)
S.No. Category Frequency Percentage% Mean SD

1 Good 4 6.66%
2 Average 40 66.6% 16.66 5.258
3 Poor 16 26.6%
The data presented in the Table no. 27 clearly indicates that 40 antenatal mothers
have average knowledge 16 antenatal mothers have poor knowledge and 4 have
good knowledge regarding anemia during pregnancy. The mean & SD also justify
the knowledge score of mothers. Thus it fulfils the objective no. 2.
FIGURE NO 24
The data presentable in the fig no 24 clearly indicated that 40 antenatal mothers
have average knowledge, 16 antenatal mothers have poor knowledge and 4 have
good knowledge regarding anemia during pregnancy. The mean & SD also justify
the knowledge score of mother Thus it fulfils the objective No. 2
SECTION IV: - It deals with the analysis of dark relate to knowledge score after
administrating the structure teaching programme.
Table No 28
Assessment of post test Knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding Anemia

during pregnancy (N=60)
S.No. Category Frequency Percentage% Mean SD

1 Good 48 80%
2 Average 12 20% 22.8 2.58
3 Poor 0 0%
The data presented in the table no 28 clearly indicates that 48 antenatal mothers
have good knowledge and 12 antenatal mothers have average knowledge regarding
anemia during pregnancy. The mean & SD also justify the knowledge score of
mothers.
Thus it fulfills the objective No. 3
FIGURE NO. 25
The date presented in the Fig no 25 clearly indicates that 48 antenatal have good
knowledge and 12 antenatal mothers have average knowledge regarding anemia
doing pregnancy. The mean & SD also justify the knowledge score of mothers.
SECTION V –It deals with the effectiveness of video teaching programme by

comparison of knowledge score before and after administration of structure
teaching programme.
FIGURE NO 26
The data presented in the fig no 26 clearly indicates the comparison between
pretest knowledge core and post test knowledge score of antenatal mothers
regarding anemia during pregnancy.
In the pre test knowledge score 40 antenatal mothers have average knowledge, 16
antenatal mothers have poor knowledge and 4 have good knowledge regarding
anemia during pregnancy.
In the post test knowledge score 48 antenatal mothers have good knowledge and 12
antenatal mothers have average knowledge regarding anemia during pregnancy.
The mean & SD also justify the knowledge score of antenatal mothers regarding
anemia anemia during pregnancy.
Thus objective no 4 is fulfilled and hypothesis Hl is accepted.

Table No 29
Comparison of pre & post knowledge of antenatal mothers (N=60)
S.No. Description Mean SD t-Test

1 Pre-test knowledge 16.66 5.258
2 Post-test knowledge 22.8 2.58 1.72**
Table value No (2.00)

**- Significant
The Table No 29 The comparison between pre and post knowledge made by t test.
The pretest and post test knowledge was statistically tested by applying t test
method at the level of 0.05%. In this case the calculated value of t is less thank the
table value (2.00) hence the result was significant. The objective 4 is fulfilled and
hypothesis Hl accepted.
Table No (2.00)
SECTION VI
It deals with the association of pre-test knowledge score with selected demographic
variable
Association ofpr-test knowledge of antenatal mother with selected demographic

variable (N-60)
S. Variables Poor Average Good total df Chi P Inference
No value value
1. AGE
1 19YEAR 6 3 2 11
2 20-25YR 7 31 1 39 6 120 0 MS
3 26-31YR 3 6 6 1 10
4 ABOVE 32 0 0 0 0
2. EDUCATION
1 H.S.S AND ABOVE 1 1 02
2 MIDDLE SCHOOL 6 9 2 17
3 PRIMARY 7 20 0 17
4 NEVER BEEN TO 2 10 2 14
SCHOOL
3. OCCUPATION
1 UNEMPLOYED 5 10 2 17
2 SELFEMPLOYED 11 30 2 17
3 PRIVATE 0 0 0
4 GOVERNMENT 0 0 0 0
4 OCCUPATION (W)
1 HOUSEWIFE 6 20 2 28 2 0.05 0.97 NS

2 WORKING 10 20 2 32
5 FAMILY LINCOME
1 2000 5 12 1 18
2 2001-5000 10 9 2 21 6 12.71 0.12 NS
3 5001-10000 1 14 1 16
6 TYPEOF FAMILY
1 JOINT 12 25 2 39
2 NUCLEAR 4 15 2 21 4 4.83 0.0005 S
3 EXTEMDED 0 0 0 0
7 HEIGHT OFMOTHER
1 LESS THAN 144 csm 0 0 0 0
2 144-154cms 10 11 1 22
3 155-164csm 5 27 3 35 4 13.96 0.007 S
4 165-174cms 1 2 0 3
5 More than 174 cms 0 0 0 0
8 WEIGHT
OFMOTHER
1 50kg 5 6 2 13
2 51-60kg 8 13 1 22 6 11.37 0.07 NS
3 61-70kg 3 13 1 17
4 70lg 0 8 0 8
9 PARA
10 AGE OF MENARCH
1 13YEARS 4 11 1 16
2 13-14 YEAR 10 8 2 23 6 8 0.23 NS
3 15-16 YEARS 2 12 1 15
4 16YEARS 0 6 0 6
11 NO OF DAYS OF
BLEEDING
1 Less than 3 days 0 0 0 0
2 3 DAYS 4 6 1 11
3 4-6 DAYS 5 22 1 28 6 6.65 0.35 NS
4 7DAYS 5 5 1 11
5 THAN A WEEK 2 7 1 10
12 MARITAL
1 1 YEAR 2 10 1 13
2 1-2 YEARS 8 12 2 22
3 3-4YEARS 4 12 1 17 6 4.69 0.58 NS
13 DIETARY HISTORY
1 VEG 10 10 3 23
2 NON VEG 4 16 1 21 4 6.O2 0.19 NS
3 EGG VEGETARIAN 2 14 0 16
14 PAST MEDICAL
1 YES 1 3 1 5
2 NO 15 37 3 55 2 1.22 0.54 NS
15 SURGICAL HISTORY
1 YES 1 2 1 4
2 NO 15 38 3 56
16 FAMILY HISTORY
1 THALESSEMIA 0 0 0 0
2 SICKLE CELL 0 0 0 0
ANEMIA
3 LEUKEMIA 0 0 0 0 0 6 NP
4 NONE OF ABOVE 16 40 4 60
17 PREVIOUS
KNOWLEDGE
1 HEALLTH CARE 6 10 2 18
2 MEDIA 5 12 0 17
3 FAMILY 3 15 2 20 6 6.6 0.35 NS
4 NO 2 3 0 5
19 VRIABLE OF PICE
1 YES 1 1 1 3
2 NO 15 39 3 57 2 0.91 0.63 NS
DESCRIPTION
Table No 30 reveals that the association between pre test knowledge score of
antenatal mothers regarding anemia during pregnancy with selected demographic
variables is statistically tested by applying chi square test. The variable age was
food most significant the variables education type of family and height of mother
was fourd significant. The analysis was not possible in variables family and height
of mother was found significant. The aalysis was not possible ink variables family
history and case registered. Other variables were not found significant. Hence
observe no 5 is fulfilled He is addepte.
CHAPTER-V
DISCUSSION
CHAPTER –V
DISCUSSION
This chapter deals with the major findings of the study and discussion of the
findings. The findings of the study have been discussed with the references to the
objectives and hypotheses. The pre testing of antenatal mothers regarding the
anemia during pregnancy shows less knowledge in all aspects. This indicated the
need for imparting necessary education and information on different aspect of
anemia during pregnancy of the reproductive health.
STATEMENT OFL THE PROBLEM
Study to assess the effectiveness of Structure teaching program on knowledge

regarding anemia during pregnancy among antenatal mothers in selected areas of
Katni.
OBJECTIVES
2. Assess the pre test knowledge score among antenatal mothers on Anemia
during pregnancy
3. Assess the effectiveness of structure teaching programmed on Anemia

during pregnancy among Antenatal mothers.
4. Assess the postal test knowledge score among antenatal mothers on Anemia
during pregnancy.
during pregnancy
6. Associate the pre test knowledge sore with elected demography variable
5.4k the major findings of the study are summarized as follows:
5.4.1 Findings related to demographic variable
Out of 60 samples
1 Most of the samples were the age group of 20-5 years n=39
2 For most of the samples husband were unemployed n=43
4 Most of theca samples are working n =32
5Majoritykl of the family income are between 2001-5000 rupees n =
6 Majority of them are from joint family n=39
7. Most of them have a height between (155-164 cms n=35

8. Most of them have a Wright between 51-60 kgs n=22
9. MAJORITY OF THEM ARE PRINT PARA MOTHERS N=36
10. Most of them have menstrual bleeding of 4-6 days n=28
11. Majority have a marital life of 1-2 years n=22
12. Majority eat vegetarian diet n=23
13. Most of them are not suffering from any medical disease n=55
14. Most of them are not having any surgical history n=56
15. None of them have a family history of the lissome, sickle cell anemia and
leukemia n=60
16. Most of them had prior information regarding anemia during pregnancy
from family members n=20
17. Most of them take iron supplements n=54
18. All are registered case of Health centre n=60
19. Majority of them don’t have a habit of Pica n=57
20. 5.4.2 FINDINGS RELATED TO THE HAEMOGLOBIN ESTIMATION
OF THE SAMPLE
21. Out of 60 samples
1. n=22 have mild anemia

2. n=18 have moderate anemia
3. n=20 have severe anemia
Thus data fulfils the objective (1)

5.4.3 FINDINGS RELATED TO LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE
1 PRE-TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE
There were 60 samples included in the study for assessment of pre test knowledge
score, out of which 4 (6.66%) had good knowledge score, 40(66.6%) had average
knowledge score and 16(26.6%) had poor knowledge score regarding anemia
during pregnancy.
The mean pre test knowledge score were 16.66 and SD was 5.25
2. POST TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE
In the post test it was found out that out of 60 samples 48 (80%) had gained good
knowledge score and 12 (20%) had gained average knowledge score. Whereas
none 0 (0%) were found to have poor knowledge score.
The mean post test knowledge score were 22.8 and SD was 2.58
Thus it fulfils objective no. (3)
5.4.4. FINDINGS RELATED TO COMPARISON BETWEEN PRE AND POST

TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE
The comparison between pre test and post test knowledge made by t test t = 1.72
(Table value 2.00) at 0.05 level of significance.
This indicates that the structure teaching programmer was effective in improving the
knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding anemia during pregnancy.
Thus is fulfils the3 objectives no 4 and hence the hypothesis (H1) i.e. there is a
significant difference in the mean pre test and post test knowledge score after the
administration of structure teaching program.
5.4.5. FINDING RELATED TO ASSOCIATION OF EACH VARIABLE WITH

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE SCORE:
THE association between knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding anemia during

pregnancy with selected demographic variable is statistically tested by applying
Chi square test the variable education, height of mother and type of family was
found significant. Other variables were not found significant.
Thus it fulfils the objectives no.5 and hence the hypothesis (H2) that is there is a
significant association between pre test knowledge score and selected demographic
variables is accepted.
DISCUSSION
1. In this major findings of the study are discussed in line with objectives,
hypothesis review of literature is related to similar study.
1. SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
Most of the samples were in the age group of 20-25 years n=39 for most of their
education is till primary school n=27 Most of the samples husband are unemployed
n=43 Most samples are working n=32 Majority of the family income are between
2001-5000 rupees n=21Majority of them are from joint family in=39 Most of them
have a eight between 155-164 cams n ==35 Most of them have a weight between
51-60 kgs n=22 Majority of them are prime Para mothers n=36 Majority had
started their menstruation at 13-14 years n=23 Most of them have menstrual
bleeding of 4-6 days n=28 Majority have a marital life of 1-2 years n=22 Majority
cat vegetarian diet n=23 Most of them are not suffering from my medical disease
n=55 Most of them are not having any surgical history n=56 None of them have a
family history of tha lessemia, sickle cell anemia and leukemia. N=60 Most of
them had prior information regarding anemia during pregnancy from family
members n=20 Most of them take iron supplements n=54all are the registered case
of Health centre n=60 Majority of them don’t have a habit of Pica n=57 the studies
given below support the above mentioned factors.
Husain Shahida etal (2013) conducted a study to determine the prevalence and risk
factors of anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at Aziz Bhatti
Shaheed Hospital Gujarat. The attending doctor filled a Performa at the first
antenatal visit and blood sample was also drawn for complete blood counts,
Results out of 560 women studied, 419 (74.8%) women were anemic. Anemia was
more prevalent in multigravidae (77.6%) than in prime gravitate (69.3%)
Regarding severity 69.9% mild 26.7$%moderate and 3.3 % cases were of severe
anemia respectively. The severity increased with increasing party. The prevalence
also increased with decreasing birth intervals (p=0.001) and late booking (p=0.002)
Anemia was more common among uneducated (78.6 %%) or those educated up to
primary (72.7%) Intake of meat /chicken less than 2 times/week (p=0.01) and
PICA (p=0.005) were also the risk factors for antenatal care attendees of ABSH is
very high. Frequent child birth with lack of birth spacing late booking low
educational status and poor dietary habits are the major risk factors that need
urgent attention of health care provides.
Bharati Premananda etal (2008) conducted a study to investigate the severity and
distribution of anemia among non pregnant and pregnant women aged 15-49 years
in urban and rural sectors of 26 states in India and its association with certain
economic and biosocial
Factors, A national survey were conducted to collect data on hemoglobin height

weight and certain economic and biosocial factors of 72660 and 5619 pregnant
women. No pregnant women age les than 25 years are the most affected by
anemia. Women’s education and standard of living in the houseboats have a vital
role introducing anemia. Urban and well nourished women also suffer less from
anemia, the severity of anemia is higher among pregnant than non pregnant women
efforts must be made to educate women and enhance their level of economic status
so that the prevalence of anemia can be reduced substantial.
PRE TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE
1. In the present study the antenatal mothers 4(6.66%) had good knowledge score
40 (66.6% had average knowledge score and 16 (26.6% had poor knowledge
score regarding anemia during pregnancy.
The mean pre test knowledge score were 16, 66 and SD was 5.25 this indicated
that the majority of the antenatal mothers had average knowledge regarding anemia
during pregnancy.
The research studies given below support the above findings.
E.O.Ugwu etal (2015) conducted a study and aim was to determine the average
HCT (hematocrit) prevalence, and pattern of anemia, as well the arm preferences
for blood sample collection among pregnant women in Enugu South East Nigeria.
Subjects and Methods: HCT was determined using venous blood of 200 antenatal
women at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, Nigeria.
Questionnaires were used to assess participants arm preference for blood sample
collection for clinical investigation. Data analysis was descriptive and in inferential
at 95% confidence level. Results Participants mean HCT was 33.3 (3.7%) The
average HCT in second trimester 33.3%) P=0.01,) Prevalence of anemia was
28.0% (56/200) and a majority (94.6%, 53/56) of anemic women belong too the
mild category. Only party groups had a significant association with anemia in
pregnancy (P=0.04) none of the participants reported being asked about her arm
preference during blood collection for routine antenatal investigations. One
hundred and five (52.5%) women expressed preference for either left (34.5%
69/200) or right arm (18.0%, 36/200) for blood sample collection. Conclusion: The
average HCT among pregnant women at the UnTH Enugu Nigeria was within
normal range and the prevalence of anemia was relatively low...
The majority of women expressed a preference for either right or left arm for blood
sample collection for clinical investigations and would with their choices sought
for and respected.
Obese etal (2013) conducted a cross sectional study from June to August 2011 on
374 pregnant women. Mothers who came for ANC during the study period and
who amen the inclusion criteria were interviewed and a capillary blood sample was
taken. Hemoglobin level was determined by using Hemoa cue photometer, and
interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data Data were cleaned,
coded and fed into SPSSs version 16.0 for analysis, RESULT: The mean
hemoglobin concentration was 12.05A=1.5 g/dt and prevalence of anemia was
36.6% Family sizes (COR=2.67 CT (1.65,4.32) third trimester (COR =
1.45CI(I,11,2.23 ) meat consumption 1x/wk(COR=3.47CI(1.58,7.64) and pica (
COR=2.33, CI(1.52,3.58) Were significantly associated with anemia. Having five
or more children (AOR=5.2, CI (1, 29, 21.09) intake of vegetables and fruits less
than once per day (OR = 6.7, CI (2.49, 17.89) intake of tea always after meal
(AOR=12.83. CI (45-28.9).and recurrence of illness during pregnancy (AOR=7.3,
CI (2-12-25.39) were factors associated with anemia. CONCLUSION: This study
showed that anemia is a moderate public health problem. Less frequent meat and
vegetable consumption, party 5% 5 are risk factors for anemia. Therefore reducing
parity taking balanced diet and use of mosquito nets during pregnancy are
recommended.
2.POST TEST KNOW:EDGE SCPRE
In the present study the majority of the antenatal mothers 48(80%) had gained
good knowledge score and 12(20%) had gained average knowledge score. Whereas
(0%) were found to have poor knowledge score. The mean post test knowledge
score were 22.8 and SD was 2.58.
Thus it fulfils objective no 3 and hypotheses (I)
Review L etat (2011) conducted a study to assess the different treatments for
anemia in pregnancy attributed to iron deficiency(defined as hemoglobin less than
11 gdL or other equivalent parameters) on maternal and neonatal morbidity and
mortality. The samples were 3.198 women. The results revealed that the oral iron
in pregnancy showed a reduction in the incidence of anemia (risk ratio 0.38, 95%
confidence interval 0.26 to 0.55) the study concluded that despite the high
incidence and burden of disease associated with this condition, Daily oral iron
treatment improves hematological indices and large good
Quality trials, assessing clinical outcomes (including adverse effects) as well as the
effects of treatment by severity of anemia are required.
Fujimori E et al (2011) conducted a cross sectional study to compare prevalence of

anemia and hemoglobin (Hb) levels in Brazilian pregnant women before and after
flour fortification with Orin. The subjects were 12,119 pregnant women distributed
in two groups before fortification and after fortification). Statistical analysis was
carried out synching chi squared tests, Students t tests, and logistic regression, with
a significance level of 5% the results indicated that prevalence of anemia fell from
25% to 20% after fortification (p=0.001) and the logistic regression analysis
showed that group geographic region marital status, trimester of pregnancy. Initial
nutritional status and prior pregnancy were associated with anemia (p-0.05) the
study concluded that prevalence of anemia decreased after fortification
3. EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURE TEACHING PROGRAMM BY

COMPARISION OF PRE & POST TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE
In the present study the majority of antenatal mothers had 40(66.6%) average
knowledge and 16(26.6%) had poor knowledge. The mean score of pre test
knowledge was 16.66 and SD is 5.25 this indicated that the majority of the
antenatal mothers had average knowledge regarding anemia during pregnancy.
The majority of the antenatal mothers had 48(80%) good knowledge and
12(20%) of the sample and average knowledge regarding anemia during
pregnancy after administration of Structure Teaching Program score mean is
22.8 and SD is 2.58 The calculated value of paired t testis 1.72.
Para BE etal (2005) conducted a study to assess effectiveness of nutritional

education and Iron supplementation on prevention of Anemia during pregnancy
among antenatal mothers of Columbia. The samples were 42 pregnant women
subjected to a nutritional education program along with administration of a
supplement consisting of 60 mg elemental education program along with
administration of a supplement consisting of 60mg elemental iron, 400 Micro folic
acid, and 70mg Vitamin c. The results revealed that 94.4% of women did not show
Anemia at the end of pregnancy. The study concludes that nutritional education
and iron supplementation are effective on prevention of anemia.
Gadwall etal (2002) conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence

of Anemia and to assess the effect of iron supplementation and nutritional
educational
Program. The subjects were 100 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics in
two primary health care units. Data was collected by structured questionnaires and
hemoglobin analysis was done during the first visit after one month and four
months. Chi square and paired t test were applied to test the relationship among
study variables. The results suggested that after3 months of nutrition education
program and iron supplementation the prevalence declined down to 32% from 55%
before program. The study concluded that Anemia is still high among pregnant
women and integrated interventions program should be considered prior to
conception.
5. ASSOCIATION OF EACH VARIABLE WITH LEVEL OF
KNOWLEDGE SCORE
In the present study on the pre intervention it was found that the socio
demographic variable like education height of mother and type of family was
found significant other variables were not found significant.
Francis Soumyamol & Nayak Sabitha (2013) conducted a study to assess the
maternal hemoglobin level and its association with pregnancy outcome among
mothers. The study design adopted was descriptive design, 100 antenatal mothers
were selected by purposive sampling. The demographic Performa were collected
from the women by interview and APGAR scoring system New Ballard score and
in fathometer used for as easing the pregnancy outcome. Data obtained in these
areas were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. A significant relation
was found between maternal hemoglobin level and pregnancy outcome such as
type of delivery (0.039 p-0.05 and birth weight (0001, p-0.05) and birth weight
(001, P-0.05) and a significant association was found between maternal
hemoglobin and selected demographic variable such as income and BMI The
findings of the study recalled that there is association between maternal
hemoglobin level and pregnancy outcome.
Godwin I Kumari K.S (2009) conducted a study in Kerala to assess the prevalence
of iron deficiency anemia among young mothers and their children of preschool
age. The pre scholars and women of child bearing age are affected mostly. The
study was community based to assess the extent of academia among mothers and
children and find out its association with the age gender and the quality of life
index of the subjects. Preschoolers in the age group of 3-5 year (N=376) and their
mother (N=3340) belonging to low socio economic status
Were selected questionnaire method was adopted the hemoglobin levels were
measured using cyanmetha hemoglobin method. The findings showed that pre
scholars and mothers mostly had mild and moderate anemia Statistical analysis
indicated a significant association between blood hemoglobin level & quality of
life index (p=0.019 ) and age of mothers (p=0.012) Among preschool children
there was a significant association of hemoglobin level with gender, socio
economic status (p=0.034) and area of residence. Correlation between hemoglobin
level of mother and children was found toll be positive. Preschoolers were mostly
mildly (54.25%0 or moderately anemic (41.75%0 Among mother’s mild anemia
(67.7%) and moderate anemia (16.8 %%) were common.
CHAPTER-VI
SUMMARY
CHAPTER- VI
SUMMARY
6.1.INTRODUCTION:
Summary includes objectives, hypothesis tool used for the study in India most
antenatal mothers, particularly in rural areas, suffer from serious reproductive
health problem like anemia during pregnancy and face significant constraints in
receiving care and treatment So it is the responsibility of the health worker to
educate and give awareness . Thus the present study was conducted on Study to
assess the effectiveness of Structure Teaching program on knowledge regarding
anemia during pregnancy among antenatal mothers in selected rural areas of Katni
6.2.THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY WERE

2. Assess the pre test knowledge score among antenatal mothers on Anemia
during pregnancy.
3. Assess the effectiveness of structure teaching programmed on Anemia
during pregnancy among antenatal mothers.
during pregnancy
5. Associate the pre test knowledge demographic variable.
6.3 HYPOTHESES
Hl: There will be significant difference in the mean pre test and post test
knowledge score regarding anima during pregnancy among antenatal mothers.
H2: There will be significant association between pre test knowledge score with
selected demographic variables.
The review of literature in this study is organized as follows first, studies related to
general information regarding Prevalence of Anemia during pregnancy. Second
studies related to effectiveness of different structure teaching program modalities
on Anemia during pregnancy and third related to Anemia during pregnancy.
Research design used in this study is Pre experimental one group pre test post test
design to measure the effectiveness of Structure teaching programmed samples
were taken for the study.
Non Probability Purposive sampling technique was thought to be appropriate

sampling technique in this study.
In this study the dependent variable is knowledge about Anemia during pregnancy
In this study the independent variable is structure teaching programmed on
knowledge about anemia during pregnancy.
Data was collected with the help of structured multiple questionnaire contains
Section a Socio demographic data
Socio demographic profile it include age educational status of antenatal mothers

occupation of husband and wife socioeconomic status age of menarche, number of
days of menstrual flow dietary history past medical history past surgical history
parity of mother registered case of health centre any previous information about
anemia during pregnancy and habit of pica on health of antenatal mothers.
Section B Deal with analysis of WHO classification of Anemia during pregnancy
Section c Knowledge questionnaire
It consisted of 30 items covering the knowledge regarding anemia during

pregnancy among antenatal mothers each item had four responses in the form of
answers and among the form score on each item refers to poor knowledge, average
knowledge and good knowledge.
Poor knowledge score was 1-10

Average knowledge score was 11-20
Good knowledge score was 21-30
Scoring was done in accordance of experts in Obstetrics and Gynecological field.
In this study the reliability was calculated by using the test split half method and
r=0.98. The pallor study was conducted in Hospital of Katni City in the second
week of April 2018 The prior permission was taken from the respective authorities.
Data for the pilor study were collected from respondents who fulfilled the inclusive
criteria. The purpose of the study was explained to the respondents. Pre test was
conducted and the video assisted teaching program was taken after one week post
test was assessed. The analysis of the pilot study revealed that objectives of the
study would be fulfilled. Based on this information the investigator proceeded with
the actual data collection for the main study.
THE MAJOR FINDING OF THE STUDY ARE SUMMARISED AS FOLLOWS

6.4.1 FINDINGS RELATED TO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
a. Out of samples
Most of the samples were in the age group of 20-25 Years n=39
For most of their education is till primary school n 27
Most of the samples husband are unemployed n = 43
Most of the samples are working n=32
Majority of the family income are between 2001-5000 rupees n-21
Majority of them are from joint family n 39
Most of them have a height between 155-164 cms n=35
Most of them have a weight between 51-60 kgs n=22
Majority of them are prime Para mothers n=36
Majority had started their menstruation at 13-14 years n =23
Most of them have menstrual bleeding of 4-6 days n =28
Majority have a marital life of 1-2 years n=22
Majority eat vegetarian diet n=23
Most of them are not suffering from any medical disease n=55
Most of them are not having any surgical history n =56
None of them have a family history of than lissome, sickle cell anemia and
leukemia n=60
Most of them had prior information regarding anemia during pregnancy from
family members n=20
Most of them take iron supplements n=54
All are registered case of Health centre n=60
Majority of them don’t have a habit of Pica n=57
6.4.2 FINDINGS RELATED TO THE HAEMOGLOBIN ESTIMATION OF THE

SAMPLE
Out of 60 samples
6.4.3. FINDINGS RELATEDTO OVERALL LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE
score, out of which 4 (6.66%) had good knowledge score, 40 (66.6%) had average
knowledge score and 16(26.6%) had poor knowledge score regarding anemia
during pregnancy.
The mean pre-test knowledge score were 16.66 and SD was 5.25 Thus, data fulfils
the objective (2)
In the post test it was found out that out of 60 samples 48 (80%) had gained good
knowledge score and 12 (20%) had gained average knowledge score. Whereas
none 0(0%) were found to have poor knowledge score. The mean post test
knowledge score were 22.8 and SD was 2.58 Thus, it fulfils objective. No. 3
6.4.4. FINDINGS RELATED TO THE COMPARISION BETWEEN PRE

TESTAND POST TEST
The Comparison between pre test and post test knowledge made bit-test t= 1.782
(Table value 2.00) at 0.05 level of significance. This indicates that the structure
program teaching was effective in improving the knowledge of antenatal mothers
regarding anemia during Pregnancy.
Thus it fulfils the objectives no. 4 and hence the hypothesis (H1) i.e. there is a
administration of structure program teaching was accepted
6.4.5. FINDINGS RELATED TO ASOC IATION OF EACH VARIABLE WITH

LEVEL OF KNOLWDGE SCORE
The association between knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding anemia during

pregnancy with selected demographic variables is statistically tested by applying
Chi square test the variable age was found most significant variable education,
height of mother and type of family was found significant. Other variables were
not found significant.
Findings of the study revealed that the structure teaching program was effective in
order to increase the knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding anemia during
pregnancy Thus it fulfills the objective no. 5 and hence Hypotheses 2 that there
will be significant association between the pre test knowledge score and selected
demographic variable is accepted.
Therefore it was fund that the study was proved effective in increasing the
knowledge level of antenatal mothers residing in rural areas about anemia during
pregnancy and also the antenatal care to be taken at the time of pregnancy.
Through the teaching program the impartation of knowledge became simple, better
and was easily understood by the antenatal mothers.
CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSION
IMPLICATIONS
MIMITATIONS
RECOMMMENDATI
ONS
CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSION IMPLICATIONS LIMITATIONS ANDRECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter deals with conclusion of the study, implication for nursing practice,
cursing education nursing administration and nursing research flowed by its
limitation and recommendations to reach future.
CONCLUSION
FINDINGS RELATEDTO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
Out of 60 samples
Most of the samples were in the age group of 20-25 years n=39 for most of the
samples education is till primary school n=27 Most of the samples husband are
unemployed n=43 Most of the samples are working n=32 Majority of the family
income are between 2001 5000 rupees n=21 Majority of them are from joint family
line=39 Most of them have a height between 155-164 cams n=35 Most of them
have a weight between 51-60 kegs n=22 Majority of them are prime Para mothers
n=36 Majority had started their menstruation at 13-14 years n=23 Most of them
have menstrual bleeding of 4-6 days n=28, Majority have a marital life of 1-2 years
n=22 Majority eat vegetarian duct n=23 Most of them are not suffering from any
medical disease n=55 Most of them are not have infamy surgical history n=56
None of them have a family history of the leukemia, sickle cell anemia and
leukemia n=60 Most of them had prior information regarding anemia during
pregnancy from family members n=20 Most of them take iron supplements n=54
All are there registered case of Health centre n=20 Most of them take iron
supplements n=54 All are the registered case of Health centre n=60 Majority of
them don’t have a habit of Pica n=57
FINDINGS RELATED KTO THELHAEMOGLOBINESTIMATION OF THE

SAMPLE Out of 60 samples:
FINDINGS RELATEDTOPRE TEST KNOWLEDGE SCORE

score, out of which4 (6.66%) had good knowledge score, 40(66.6%) had average
knowledge score and 16.(26.6%) had poor knowledge score regarding anemia
during pregnancy. The mean pretest knowledge score were 16.66 and SD was 5.25
FINDINGS RELATED TO POST TEST KNOWLEDGE SCRE
In the post test it was found out that out of 60 samples, 48(80%) had gained good
knowledge score and 12(20%) had gained average knowledge score. Whereas hone
0(0%) were found to have poor knowledge score. The mean post test knowledge
score were 22.8 and SD was 2.58
Thus it fulfils objective no. 3
The comparison between pre test and post test knowledge made by t test t=1.72
(Table value 2.00) at 0.05 level of significance
This indicates that the structure teaching program was effective in improves in the
knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding anemia during pregnancy.
Thus it fulfills the objectives no. 4 and hence the hypothesis (Hl) i.e. there is a
administration of structure teaching was accepted.
The structure teaching program was effective in improving the knowledge of

antenatal mothers regarding anemia during pregnancy
Thus it fulfills the objectives no. 4 and hence the hypothesis (Hl) i.e. there is a
administration of structure teaching program was accepted.
The Structure teaching program was effective in improving the knowledge of the
antenatal mothers so similar teaching programmers should be included in the
health centers to provide the knowledge.
Therefore it was found that the study was proved effective in increasing the
knowledge level of antenatal mothers residing in rural areas about anemia during
pregnancy and also the antenatal care to be taken at the time of pregnancy.
Through the teaching the impartation of knowledge became simple better and was
easily understood by the antenatal mothers.
IMPLICATIONS:
The findings of the study have implications for nursing practice, nursing education
nursing administration and nursing research
NURSING PRACTICE
A midwife is in a unique position to educate and empower antenatal mothers about

anemia during pregnancy.
The education roiled of a midwife is integrated in every as part of her work
The main aim of mid wife about anemia during pregnancy is to reduce the
prevalence of anemia among antenatal mothers.
Knowledge and awareness about the risk associated with anemia during pregnancy.
Hence deism nation of health information should be regarded as the primary
function of the mid wife in promoting health of the antenatal mothers and attaining
their optimum state of health
NURSING EDUCATION
The nursing curriculum is concerned with the preparation of future nurses who will
play a majoring the preventive and promotion aspect of sound health
The antenatal periodic transition periods it is very important to teach them in the
better manner about academia during pregnancy
It is important for the midwife that she should have knowledge in every aspect
related to the reproductive health.
Nursing education should lay emphaison prepare perspective nursing to impart
health information so that she can provide better information
It can be done by excoriating health information dissemination and client

counseling using advance educational technology methods in curriculum.
The adoption of strategies like audio visual aids compact disc was based on the
anemia during pregnancy on the health.
The preparation offprint material on anemia during pregnancy of health requires

knowledge and skills. It is necessary to train personnel's to prepare appropriate
teaching material.
Short term courses and in service education programe should be organized for the
nurses in different areas.
NURSING ADMINISTRATION
The nurse administrator influences the quality of nursing care through the
formulation of policy and protocol.
They must motivate and encourage the staff and keep abreast with the current
health problems, the prevention and treatment strategies.
They can take the initiative to plan and implement staff development programmers
and in service education programs on various aspects of anemia management
Necessary administrative should be provide for the preparation of educational
material and design on various aspects.
NURSINGRESEARCH
There is a need for extended and intensive nursing research in the area of young
adult education especially for early detection prevention and management of
reproductive disorders.
In India majority are suffering from anemia. Men and women should be informed
about and have access to safe effective affordable and acceptable methods of their
choice and the right to appropriate health care services that enable women to safely
goal through pregnancy and childbirth.
In both developing and developed countries it is fund that most of the young adults
are less aware about the reproductive health. So it is necessary to assess the level
of their knowledge and to provide adequate education.
It is yet to find answers to fundamental questions about why reproductive problems

continue and what solutions would work to address them. Research efforts in this
area is important because poor reproductive health effects as wells economic and
social consequences, which to gather have a profound impact of India inviduals,
families communities and countries.
COMMUNITY SETTING
As the world's population of young women grows so too does the need for more
reproductive health commodities and skilled health professionals who can offer
comprehensive reproductive health care.
So it emphasis on imparting the knowledge and education in community level.
which rests wholly on the shoulders of the community nurses.
They should identify the need of the antenatal mothers and educate them
accordingly which will help to reduce anemia
LIMITATIONS
Limited time was available for data collection
The effectiveness of teaching program was determined through post test.
Unwillingness of the samples to tell the personal information
RECOMMENDATIONS
(On the basis of the findings of the study, it is recommended that

A similar study can be replicated by using a large population.
A comparative study can baronet assess the knowledge regarding anemia during
pregnancy among rural land urban girls.
A similar study can be done in the same setting
A study can be done to assess the knowledge attitude and practice of antenatal
mothers for the anemia during pregnancy of the reproductive health and its
prevention.
A Survey study can be conducted to find out the prevalence of anemia in young
girls.
A study can be done with some interventional dietary demonstrations can be added
to the present study.
A similar study can be given to the mothers and health personnel's so that they
have knowledge and teach their clients.
REFERENCES
AND
BIBLOGRAPHY
LIST OF REFERENCES
BOOKS
1. Basavanthappa BT Nursing Research 2ed Calcutta Jaypee Brothers
2003.P.99.112.140-1,154-7,185-8,205-10,291-296
2. Basavanthappa BT Textbook of Midwifery & Reproductive Health Nursing
“I”Edition 2006 Page No 328-529
3. Cunningham F Gary “Williams Obstetrics” 22” Edition Page No. 1144-
1150.
4. Diane FM, Margarat CA Myles Text Book for Midwives. 14 Ed. London
th
Churchill Livingstone 2003.P.333

5. Dutta DC. Text Book of Obstetrics. 5 Ed. Calcutta New Central Book
th
Agency 2001.P277
6. Indrani T.K Textbook Of Midwifery ; 2 Edition ; Page No 229-234
nd
7. Park K Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine. 19 Ed. Jabalpur

th
Banarsidas Bhanot Publisher’s 2007.P.444-=6

8. Mahajan BK Methods In Biostatics” Jaypee Brothers Medical Publisher ;
Sixth Edition, Page No; 36,66,168,328,329,332,
9. S.Bereck Jonathan Novak’s Gynecology “13” Edition; PageNo 620
10.Salvi Vinita Medical & Surgical Disorder In Pregnancy; lst Edition ;Page No
434.
11.Shabeer P. Basheer, A Concise Text Book Of Advanced Nursing Practice,
First Edition Page No. 391
12.Suddharth’s Brunner; Textbook Of Medical Surgical Nursing 10 Edition th
Page No 871,877-885
JOURNALS
1. Abel R.Rajarathnam J, Gnanashekaran Vl Jayaram P Prevalence of anemia
and iron deficiency inthree trimesters in rural Vellore district, South India.
Trop Doct ( serial onling) 2001 Apr ( cited 2011 Oct 31(2) 86-9 Available
from URI;http:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11321280
2. Agarwal K.N.Agarwal DK Sharma K Prasad K Kalita MC et al. Prevalence
of Anemia in pregnancy women. Indian J Med.Res. 2006 Aug 124(2)173-84
3. Anand K Kant and kapoor S.K (1998) Nutritional status of adolescent school
children in rural nor the India The journal of Indian Pediatrics. Retrieved on
June 7 2006 From http://www.indianpaediatrics;com
4. Basavanthappa BT Nursing Research 2 ed. Calcutta: Jaypee Brothers ;
nd
2003.p.99-112,140-1,154-7,185-8,205-10,291-296.
5. Brita LL l, Barrett ML, Silva Rde C Assist AM, Reis MG, Par raga I,
Blanton RE Rev Panam Slvd Rublice 2003 Dec; 14(60:422-31
6. Basu, S, Basu, hazarika, R & Parmar, V (2005).Prevalence of anemia among
school going adolescent of Chandigarh, the journal of Indian Pediatrics. (42)
Retrieved on January 29, 2006.
7. Caulfield LE Zavaleta N, Shankar AH Merialdi M.Potential contribution of

maternal Zinc supplementation during Pregnancy to maternal & child survival. The
American Journal of Clinica Nutrition 1998;68;499-508.
8. Chaudhry Sanjeev M, Vasant r.dhage (2008) a study of anemia among

adolescent females in the urban area of Nagpur , kIndian Journal of community
medicine, vol.33 issue 4 Indian journal of community medicine vol.
XXIX,(1).0970(218), 25-26
9.
9. Diance FM Margaret CA Myles Text book for Midwives. 14 ed th
London:Churchill Livingstong;2003,p.333.
10. Dutta DC.Text Book of Obstetrics 5 ed Calcutta: New CentralBook Agency
th
2001p.277.
11. From ,http;//www.Indian pediatrics, Net/Dec 2002/dec-1126-1130html
12. Fujimori E Sato AjP Szarfare SC , Veiga GV et al. Anemia in Brazilian
pregnant women before andafter flour fortification with iron Rev Saude Publica.
2011 Dec. 45(6):1027-1035.
13. Gadallah M,Rady M,Salem B,AlyEM,Anwer W.The effect of Nutritional
Intervention programe on the prevalence of Anemia among pregnant women in
rural are. Egypt public health asoc 2002;77(3-4): 261-73
14. Kaur AM and Singh K, effect of health education on knowledge about
Anemia among rural women in Chandigarh Indian Journal of community medicine
2001;26(3)
15. Koniak-Griffin D, Mathenge C,Anderson NLR , Verzemnieks I. An Early
Intervention Program for Adolescent Mother: A Nursing Demonstration Project. J
Obst Gyn Neonat Nurse 1999 Jan 19:28(1) : 51-9
16. Leblanc CP, Rioux FM. Iron deficiency Anaemia following prenatal
Nutrition Intervention. Can JDiet PractRes. 2007;68(4):222-5
17. Levy A Frazer D, .Katz M, Major M, Sheiner E.Maternal anemia during
pregnancy is an independent risk factor for low birth weight and preterm delivery.
Eur J Obster Gynecol Report Biol ( Serialonling ) 2005 Mar ( cited 2011 Sep)
;122(2) :182-6
Availablefrom:URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/So30121150
500-758
18. Park K Park’s Textbook of preventive and social medicine. 19 Jabalpur
th
Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers 2007p.444-6

19. Parra BE Manjarres LM Gomez AL Ailzate DM Jaramillo ML Assessment
of nutritional education and iron supplement impact of prevention of pregnancy
anemia Universidad Antioquia Mediline Colombia. Biomedica 2005 Jun
25(2):211-9
20. Preman and a Bharati and Som Suparna and Chakraborty suman and bharti
etal(2008 ) prevalence of anaemia and its determinants among non pregnant and
pregnant women Asia pacific journal of public health 20(4) pp.347-359
21. Rennenberg AG Wood RJ Wang X Xing H Preconception hemoglobin
andferritin concentration are associated with pregnancy outcome in a prospective
cohort of Chinese women J Nutr ( serial online)2004 Oct ( cited 2011 Sep)
134(10):2586-91.Available from : URL :
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15465752
22. Thinkhamrop J, Apiwantanakul S, Lumbiganon P, Buppasiri P . Iron Status
in Anemic Pregnant Women. J objstet GynaecolRes 2003 Dec 29(6) 431-2
23. Toteja GS Singh P, Dhillon BS Saxena BN Prevalence of anemia among
pregnant women and adolescent girls in 16 districts of India. Food Nutr Bull (serial
onling) 2006 Sep (cited 2011 Nov) 27(4):311-5. Available
from:URL;http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17209473.
24. Ortega RM.Iron Supplementation during Pregnancy. J Nutr 1998; 13:114-
120.
25. Verhoeff FH, BrabinBJ, Chimsuku L KazembeP.An analysis of the
determinants of anemia in pregnant women in rural Malawi-A basis for action.
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitological 1999:93(2):119-133.
26. Yip R Iron Supplementation during Pregnancy is it effective; The American
Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1996; 63; 853-5.
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India (2002-2004) Annual
report on prevalence of Anemia Govt. Of India
ONLINE SOURCES
http://timesofindia.indiatimes,com/india/50-50-of-Indias-pregnant-women-
anaemic-study/articleshow/46869886 cms
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/10868312/hematocrit-anemia-arm-
preference-blood-sample-collection-cross-sectional-study-pregnant-women -
enugusouth-eastern-nigeria.
http://www.nitt.edu.in/journal/September%202013/MHLAIAWP;pdf
http;//connection.ebscohost.com/e/articles/97670298/anaemia-pregnancy
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/91720152/maternal-anemia-status-
among-pregnant-women-erbil-city-iraq
http://connection.ebschost.com/c/articles/91654286/magnitude-anemia-associated-
risk-factors-among -pregnant-women-attending-antenatal-care-shalla-woreda-west-
ars-zone-oromia-region-ethiopia
Review L GyteGM Cuervol LG Casasbuenas A.Treatments for iron-deficiency
anaemia in pregnancy. Cochrane Database SystRev.2011 Oct☹10):CD003094
Godwin L Kumara KS (2006) iron deficiency anemia among young mother and
there children of pre school age retrieved on deck. 11, 2009
Cyril CD Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women at booking in South
Eastern Nigeria. Med Gen Med (Serial ogling) 2007 Jul (cited 2001 Sept: 9(3):11-
18 Available from: URL:http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2100084/.
APPENDIX NO XII
STRUCTURED QUESTIONNATRE
Please read every item carefully and indicate your response by placing tick to the
appropriate space. Kindly ensure thank do not missal any item.
The information will be kept confidential and is only for the purpose of research
study.
TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTON

SECTION A
SOCIOOEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
Q 1 Age of mother
a) Less than 19 years ( )
b 20-25 years ( )
c 26-31 years ( )
d 32 years and above ( )
Q2 Educational qualification off mother

a) Higher secondary and above ( )
b) Middle ( )
c) Primary ( )
d) Never been to school ( )
Q3 Occupation of husband
a Unemployed ( )
b Self employed
c Private { }
d) Government { }
Q4 Occupation of mother
a. House wife { }
b. Working { }
Q5 Family income per month

a. Below Rs 2000 { }
b. Rs. 2001-5000 { }
c. Rs. 5001-1000 { }
d. More than Rs. 1000 { }
Q6 Type of Family
a. Below Rs 2000 { }
b. Rs. 2001-5000 { }
c. Rs. 5001-1000 { }
d. More than Rs. 1000 { }
Q 7 Height of mother
A Less them 144 cms ( )
b 144-154 cams ( )
c c)155-164 cms ( )
b d)165-174cms ( )
d More than 174 cms ( )
Q 8 Weight of mother
A Less than 50kkg ( )
B 51-60 kg ( )
C 61-70kg ( )
D More than 70 kg ( )
Q 9 Para
A) Primi para ( )
b) Multi para ( )
Q 10) Age of menarche

a) Less than 13 ( )
b 13-14 years ( )
c 15-16 years ( )
d) Above 16 years ( )
Q11 Number of days menstrual bleeding occurs

a) Less than 3 days ( )
b. 3 days ( )
c) 4-6 days ( )
c. 7 days ( )
d. More than a week ( )
Q 12) marital life of mother

a) Less than year ( )
b ) 1-2 year ( )
c) 3-4 years ) )
d) More than 4 years ( )
Q 13 Dietary history includes
a) jhbnjknl ( )
b. Non vegetarian diet
c. Vegetarian diet ( )
14 Past medical history

a) Yes
b) No
Q 15 Surgical history
a) Yes
b) No
Q 16- Family history of

a) Tha lassaemia
b) Sickle cell anemia
c) Leukemia
d) None of the above
Q 17- Previous knowledge regarding anemia during pregnancy from
a. Health personnel
b. Media
c. Family members
d. No information
Q 18) Taking iron supplementation during pregnancy

a) Yes
b) No.
Q19 Registered ca of any Health care centre
a. Yeas
b. No
Q 20) having non food item) pica)

a) Yeas
b) No.
TOOLS FOR DATA COLLECTION

SECTION
PREVELENCE OF ANAEMIA
A systematic table constructed according to WHO classification of anemia to
assess the Hemoglobin status among Antenatal mothers by Sails method.
SECTION –B
A Planned questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding anemia during pregnancy
among antenatal mothers.
Q1 Anemia is a deficiency of
a) Hemoglobin in blood ( )
b) Glucose in blood ( )
c) Bilirakis in blood ( )
d) Both B and C ( )
Q2) Meaning of anemia during pregnancy is
a) Lack of water content in body ( )
b) Lack of blood in body ( )
c) Lack of CSF in body ( )
d) None of these ( )
Q3) Hemoglobin is a protein present in

a) Red blood cells ( )
b) White blood cells ( )
c) Plasma ( )
d) Platelets ( )
Q4 Hemoglobin in blood carries ( )
a) Oxygen to cells ( )
a) Carbon dioxide to cells ( )
c) Urea to cells ( )
d) Carry no gas to cells ( )
Q5) Normal level of Hemoglobin in females during pregnancy should be
a. 6-7 gm% ( )
b. b)8-9gm% ( )
c. 9-10gm% ( )
d. 10gms% ( )
Q6) Anemia during pregnancy may result in
a) Low birth weight hay ( )
b) Maternal mortality ( )
c) Delayed development ( )
d) All of the above ( )
Q7) Anemia can be caused by
a) Heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding ( )
b (Normal menstrual; flow ( )
c) Scanty bleeding ( )
d) Spotting ( )
Q8) Hemorrhoids during pregnancy may lead to loss of blood further easing
a) Anemia ( )
b) Constipation ( )
c) Dysentery ( )
d) Stomachache ( )
Q9) Academia can be caused by
a)Closely spaced pregnancies ( )
b) Lack of iron died ( )
c) Worm infestation ( )
Q 10) Heavy pre-pregnancy menstrual flow leads to

a) Anemia ( )
b) Menopause ( )
c) Menarche ( )
d) Normal menstruation ( )
Q11) Most common cause of anemia
a) Frequent pregnancies ( )
b) Inadequate dietary intake
c) Blood loss
d) All of the above
Q12) Pale skin lips of nails are the signs of
a. Healthy skin
b. Anemia
c. Cyanosis ( )
d. None of the above ( )
Q13) Anemia can be identified by
a) Urine examination ( )
b) Hemoglobin estimation ( )
c) X-Ray ( )
d) Ultrasonography ( )
Q14) Antenatal visits recommended during pregnancy
a) 10 visits ( )
b) 4 visits ( )
c) 2 visit ( )
d) No visit required ( )
Q 15) Antenatal check up includes
a) Height and weight monitoring ( )
b) Blood investigations ( )
c) Counseling ( )
Q16) Immunization given in the early months of pregnancy
a) Cervical cancer vaccine ( )
b) BCG vaccine ( )
c) Tetanus toxoid injection ( )
d) Polio vaccine ( )
Q17) Meals in take a day during antenatal period
a) No meal ( )
b) Meal ( )
c) 2 meals ( )
d) Papaya ( )
Q 18) Citrus fruits are
a) Orange ( )
b) Calcium ( )
c) Protein ( )
d) Vitamin ( )
Q19) Citrus fruits in diet help in the absorption of
a) Iron ( )
b) Calcium ( )
c) Protein ( )
d) Vitamin ( )
Q 20) Antenatal diet should include
a) Junk food ( )
b) Balanced diet ( )
c) Balanced diet with iron and calcium ( )
d) Spicy food ( )
Q21) Foods rich in iron are

a) Green leafy vegetables ( )
b) Jaggier ( )
c) Coriander leaves ( )
d) All of above ( )
Q22) Vitamin B12 is required for
a. Red blood cell formation
b. White blood cell formation
c. Platelet formation
d. Plasma synthesis ( )
Q23) Best sources of Vitamin B 12 is
a. Sprouts
b. B) Green vegetables
c. Cereals
d. All of the above
Q 24) Exercise during pregnancy should include
a) Heavy weight lifting { }
b) Walking { }
c) Cycling { }
d) Running { }
Q 25) Personal hygiene should be maintained by
a) Regular brushing { }
b) Regular bathing { }
c) Cycling { }
d) All of the above { }
Q26) sleeping hours in night for antenatal clients should beck of minimum
a) 8 hours ( )
b) 12 hours ( )
c) 4 hours ( )
d) Sleeping all the time ( )
Q 27) In case of oral intolerance of iron tablets there might be a need of
a) Intervenes iron injections ( )
b) Intramuscular iron injections ( )
c) Both A and B ( )
d) No need of alternatives ( )
Que 28) Pots and vessels used to prepare food should be of
a) Aluminum ( )
b) Steel ( )
c) Iron ( )
d) Clay ( )
Q 29) Anemia during pregnancy results in severe blood loss during labor is a
a) Maternal complication ( )
b) Fetal complication ( )
c) Both A and B ( )
d) None of the above ( )
Q 30) if not treated Anemia during pregnancy leads to fetal complications like
a) Intra uterine growth retardation ( )
b) Low birth weight baby ( )
c) Fetal/Neonatal mortality ( )
WHO CLASSICATION OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
S.No. CLASSIFICATION BMI
1. NORMAL 12-15 gm/dl
2. MILD 10.0-11 gm/dl
3. MODERATE 7.0 – 9.9
4. SEVERE < 7.0 gm/dl
SCORING
DISTRIBUTION OF KNOWLEDGE SCORE
Maximum score 30
Minimum score-1
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE SCORE

GOD 21-30
AVERGAE 11-20
POOR 1-10
Tkkudkjh laxzg ds fy;s midj.k
vuqHkkx v% lkekftd tulkaf[;dh tkudkjh
iz 1½ ekrk dh mez
d 19 lky ls de ¼ ½
[k 20 lky ls 25 lky rd ¼ ½
x 26 lky ls 31 lky rd ¼ ½
?k 32 klky ;k mlls mij ¼ ½
iz 2 ½ ekrk dh ’kS{kf.kd ;ksX;rk
d mPp0ek/;fed ;k mlls mij ¼ ½
[k ek/;fed ¼ ½
x izkFkfed ¼ ½
?k dHkh fo|ky; ugha xbZ ¼ ½

Izk- 3 ifr dk O;olk;
d csjkstxkj ¼ ½
[k Lofu;ksftr ¼ ½
Xk futh deZpkjh ¼ ½
?k ljdkjh deZpkjh ¼ ½
Iz04 ekrk dk O;olk; ¼ ½
d xzg.kh ¼ ½
[k dkedkth ¼ ½
Izk 5 ifjokj dh dqy ekfld vk;
d 2000 ls de ¼ ½
[k 2001 ls 5000 rd ¼ ½
x 5001 ls 10000 rd ¼ ½
?k 10000 ls vf/kd ¼ ½
Ikz06 ifjokj dk izdkj
d la;qDr ¼ ½
[k ,dy ¼ ½
x foLr`r ¼ ½
Izk 7 ekrk dh mpkbZ
d 144 & 154 lsaeh ,l`` ¼ ½
[k 155&164 lsaeh ¼ ½
x 165& 174 lsaeh ¼ ½
Izk’u 8 ekrk dk ctu
d 50 fdyks ls de ¼ ½
[k 51 ls 60 fdyks ¼ ½
x 61 ls 70 fdyks ¼ ½
?k 70 ls vf/kd ¼ ½
Izk 9½ xHkkZoLFkk
d igyh ckj ¼ ½
[k ,d ls vf/kd ckj ¼ ½
Izk 10 jtks n’kZu dk le;
d 13 lky ¼ ½
[k 13 ls 14 lky ¼ ½
x 15 ls 16 lky ¼ ½
?k 16 ls vf/kd ¼ ½
Izk11 fdrus fnuksa rd ekgkokjh jDrL=ko jgrk gS
d 3 fnu ¼ ½
[k 4 ls 6 fnu ¼ ½
x 7 fnu ¼ ½
?k ,d gQrs ls T;knk ¼ ½
Izk 12 ekrk dk oSokfgd thou
d ,d lky ls de ¼ ½
[k ,dk ls nks lky ¼ ½
x rhu ls pkj lky ¼ ½
?k pkjlky ls vf/kd ¼ ½
Izk 13 vkgkj ds bfrgkl esa ’kkfey
d ’kkdkgkjh vkgkj ¼ ½
[k ekalkgkjh vkgkj ¼ ½
Xk vaMk ’kkdkgkjh vkgkj ¼ ½

Izk14&iwoZ fpfdRlk bfrgkl
D gka ¼ ½
[k uk ¼ ½
Iz’u 15 iwoZ ‘’kY; bfrgkl
d gk ¼ ½a
[k uk ¼ ½
Izk16 ikfjokfjd; bfrgkl
D Fkkys lsfe;k ¼ ½
[k flDdy lsy vuhfe;k ¼ ½
X ;wdseh;k ¼ ½
?k dksbZ chekjh ugha ¼ ½
Izk 17 xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku vuhfe;k ls lacaf/kr iwoZ tkudkjh
d LokLF; dfeZ;ks ls ¼ ½
[k ehfM;k ¼ ½
x ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ls ¼ ½
?k dksbZ tkudkjh ugha ¼ ½

Ikz18 xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku vk;ju dh iwjd [kksjkd dk lsou
d gka ¼ ½
[k ugha ¼ ½
Izk019 LokLF; dsUnz esa ntZ fd;k x;k gS
d gka ¼ ½
[k ugha ¼ ½
Izk 20 xSj [kk| oLrq dk lsou ihdk
d gka ¼ ½
[k ugha ¼ ½
Tkudkjh laxzg ds fy, midj.k
vuqHko c% vuhfe;k dh O;kidrk

lgyh ds rjhds }kjk cuk;k x;k MCY;w-,p-vks- (WHO) ds vuqlkj vuhfe;k
dk oxhZdj.k ,oa izlo iwoZ ekrkvksa esa gheksXyksfcu dh flFkfr dk
vkadu ,oa O;ofLFkr rkfydk ds vuqlkj fuekZf.krk A
ykSg dh deh ls vuhfe;k ij WHO dk oxhZdj.k
Øe la[;k Jsf.k;ka ewY;

1 lkekU; 12&15 th-,e-@Mh,y
2 lkSE; 10-0&11 th-,e-@Mh-,y
3 fparktud 7-0-9-9 th-,e-@Mh-,y
4 xaHkhj <7-0 th-,e-@Mh-,y
vuqHkkx ^^l^^
izloiwoZ ekrkvksa ds chp xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku ,uhfe;k ds ckjs
esa vkadyu djus ds fy, lqfu;ksft iz’ukoyh A
iz- 1½ ,uhfe;k fdldh deh ls gSa \
d- jÙk esa fgeksXyksfcu ¼ ½
[k- jÙk esa ’kjdjk ¼ ½
x- jÙk esa fcyh:chu ¼ ½
?k- nksuksa [k&x ¼ ½

iz- 2½ xHkkZoLFkk ds nkSjku ,uhfe;k ds D;k vFkZ gSa \
d- ’kjhj esa ikuh dh ek=k dh deh ¼ ½
[k- ’kjhj esa jÙk dh deh ¼ ½
x- ’kjhj esa lh-,l-lh- dh deh ¼ ½
?k- buesa ls dkbZ ugha ¼
iz- 3½ gheksXyksfcu ,d izksVhu gS tks fdlesa miyC/k gS \
d- yky jÙk dksf’kdka,W ¼ ½
[k- lQsn jÙk dksf’kdka,W ¼ ½
x- Qyklek ¼ ½
?k- IysV ysV~l ¼ ½
iz- 4½ jÙk esa fgeksXyksfcu D;k nsrk gS \
d- jÙk esa fgeksXyksfcu ¼ ½
[k- jÙk esa ’kjdjk ¼ ½
x- jÙk esa fcyh:chu ¼ ½
?k- nksuksa [k&x ¼ ½

PAGES

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

PAGES

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER -1

1.1.BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY

1.2.NEED FOR THE STUDY

To assess the effectiveness studied teaching programming knowledge regarding

1. Assess the Hemoglobin level of anemic antenatal mothers.

1.6 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

1.7 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

1. Assess: In the study it refers to the measurement of knowledge regarding

Limited time of 1 month will be available for data collection

1.9.CONCEPTUAL THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

REVIEW OFL LITERATURE

A literature review is a written summary of the existing knowledge on research

2. Francis Soumyamol & Nayak Sabitha (2013) conducted a study to

2.1.3 Husain Shania etal (2013) conducted a study to determine the

2.1.4 Ali Mohammed etal (2013) conducted a descriptive cross sectional

2.1.6 Fujimori E et al (2011) conducted a cross sectional study to compare

SECTION I – It deals with analysis of the demographic data of the sampan

AGE OF THE MOTHER

S. NO. Variable Frequency (N) Percentage%

S. NO. Variable Frequency (N) Percentage%

S. NO. Variable Frequency (N) Percentage%

PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE REGARDING ANAEMIA DURING PREGNANCY

IRON SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY

HABIT KOF PICA

S. NO. Variable Frequency (N) Percentage%

SECTION II- It deals with analysis of estimation of Hemoglobin level of anemic

Allotment of score for the assessment of knowledge of antenatal mothers (N=60)

Description: - The Table No. 26 indicates the assessment of knowledge by asking

Assessment of score for Pre test Knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding

S.No. Category Frequency Percentage% Mean SD

Assessment of post test Knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding Anemia

S.No. Category Frequency Percentage% Mean SD

Thus it fulfills the objective No. 3

SECTION V –It deals with the effectiveness of video teaching programme by

Thus objective no 4 is fulfilled and hypothesis Hl is accepted.

Comparison of pre & post knowledge of antenatal mothers (N=60)

S.No. Description Mean SD t-Test

Table value No (2.00)

Association ofpr-test knowledge of antenatal mother with selected demographic

1 HOUSEWIFE 6 20 2 28 2 0.05 0.97 NS

STATEMENT OFL THE PROBLEM

Study to assess the effectiveness of Structure teaching program on knowledge

1. Assess the Hemoglobin level of anemic antenatal mothers.

3. Assess the effectiveness of structure teaching programmed on Anemia

5.4k the major findings of the study are summarized as follows:

5.4.1 Findings related to demographic variable

7. Most of them have a height between (155-164 cms n=35

1. n=22 have mild anemia

Thus data fulfils the objective (1)

5.4.4. FINDINGS RELATED TO COMPARISON BETWEEN PRE AND POST

5.4.5. FINDING RELATED TO ASSOCIATION OF EACH VARIABLE WITH

THE association between knowledge of antenatal mothers regarding anemia during

1. SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE

Factors, A national survey were conducted to collect data on hemoglobin height

The research studies given below support the above findings.

2.POST TEST KNOW:EDGE SCPRE

Thus it fulfils objective no 3 and hypotheses (I)

Fujimori E et al (2011) conducted a cross sectional study to compare prevalence of

3. EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURE TEACHING PROGRAMM BY

Para BE etal (2005) conducted a study to assess effectiveness of nutritional

Gadwall etal (2002) conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence

6.2.THE OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY WERE

1. Assess the Hemoglobin level of anemic antenatal mothers.