REVIEWER FOR STS FINALS FIVE PILLARS OF HUMAN FLOURISHING
CHAPTER 7 – Human Flourishing
Aristotle – defined man as a rational animal because he can
think and use reason consistently
➢ The way human beings do things is by making
rational choices
Man – a creature whose destiny is to live in the spiritual
world and physical world
Rational Choice Theory – used to model human decision
making. This explains the behavior of a society in their
priorities in science and technology to satisfy the human
needs
CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMANS THAT EVOLVED OVER TIME
1. Walking upright
2. Use of different tools
3. Domestication of animals
4. Changes in human body
5. Complexity of the brains
6. Social life
John Donne – No man is an island, entire of itself
Family – a socially recognized group (blood,
marriage, adoption, cohabitation) that forms and
emotional connection and serves as an economic
unit of society
Society – a group of people who share common
economic, social, and industrial infrastractures
o Importance of Society
a. Support for each other
b. Formation of social groups
c. Formation of a culture
▪ Culture – defines the pattern of
human activity in a society
▪ Society is the standard of good and
evil
d. Regulation of policies and standards
▪ Society is the foundation of the
government
e. Achieving a common goal
7. Use of language and symbols
HUMAN FLOURISHING
Aristotle – Each man’s life has a purpose and the function of
one’s life is to attain that purpose which is earthly happiness
or flourishing that can be achieved via reason and acquisition
of virtue.
Human flourishing - -an effort to achieve self-actualization
and fulfillment
Eudaimonia – flourishing or happiness, the highest good of
human endeavors
Martin E.P. Seligman – formulated the Well-Being theory
(human flourishing is not only focused on the happiness of
individuals alone but also in psychological well-being)
1. Positive Emotion
2. Engagement
3. Relationships
4. Meaning
5. Accomplishment
CHAPTER 8 – Technology and the Evolution of Human
Society
CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY ACCORDING TO PROCESS
1. Energy Technology – involves processes that could
create or generate, convert and distribute energy
2. Equipment Technology – design, fabrication and
invention of instruments, tools, gadgets, and
machines
3. Information Technology – tools and gadgets involved
in managing, processing and distributing information
4. Life Technology – benefit human race in terms of
health and food security
5. Materials Technology – extraction, fabrication and
synthesis of materials
NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
1. Gross domestic product (GDP) – measure of either
all the income earned within a country or all the
expenditures within the country
2. Per capita income – average income earned by a
person in a particular location
3. Income distribution
4. Growth rate of gross national product (GNP) –
increase in the country’s total economic activity
5. Percentage of employment
6. Structure of labor force
7. Human life expectancy
8. Percentage of urban population
CHAPTER 9 – The Good Life
INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES
Intellectual virtues – excellent personal traits or character
strengths which are deemed to be morally good for thinking
and learning and are often associated with knowledge and
cognitive ability
Examples: carefulness, honesty, humility, being
attentive
Key features of intellectual virtues:
1. They are acquired
2. They are excellent character traits
3. They involve human emotions, intentions,
motivations and values
4. They are aimed at cognitive goods
5. They are means between two extremes
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PLEASURE – a positive, enjoyable, or worth seeking mental
state that gives a feeling of satisfaction and enjoyment
HAPPINESS – a state of well-being and contentment that
encompasses living a good life with a sense of meaning and
deep satisfaction
PUBLIC GOOD – an item or service that may be consumed
without reducing the amount available for others, and
cannot be withheld from those who do not pay for it
➢ profit orientation – private companies
➢ service orientation – government
TYPES OF PUBLIC GOODS
1. Public public goods – non-rival and non-excludable;
in the interest of not only the individual public but
the entire nation as well
2. Private public goods – set up by private sector solely
or in participation with the government; has rivalry
and excludability; profitable
3. Mixed public goods – undertaken by some private
sectors for the common good of the public; service
oriented, does not seek profit
4. Public bads – negative goods which are avoided and
not tolerated by the public
Green Economy – a result of improved human well-being
and social equity while significantly reducing environmental
risks and ecological scarcities
CHAPTER 10 – When Technology and Humanity Cross
Advantages of Modern Technology
1. Improved communication, easy access and social
networking
2. Improved housing, lifestyle and entertainment
3. Convenience in education
4. Convenience in travelling
5. Change in health industry
6. Efficiency and productivity
7. Initiates creativity and innovation
Disadvantages of Modern Technology
1. Job loss and human displacement
2. World destruction weapons
3. Increased loneliness
4. Competency
CHAPTER 11 – Why Does the Future Not Need Us?
Technology-driven Extinction and Displacement
1. Ozone layer depletion through CFCs
2. usage of fossil fuel leading to global warming and
climate change
3. Nuclear war and nuclear contamination
4. Plastics
5. Petroleum-based fertilizer
Eutrophication – result to oxygen depletion,
cloudiness, and foul smell of bodies of water
6. Habitat destruction
CHAPTER 12 – Biodiversity and the Healthy Society
Biodiversity – variety of life
Three Components of Biodiversity:
1. Genetic Diversity
2. Species Diversity
3. Ecology or Community Diversity
Threats to Biodiversity
1. Habitat destruction
2. Pollution
3. Introduction of non-native species and new varieties
4. Global climate change
5. Exploitation
6. Overpopulation
CHAPTER 13 – Genetically Modified Organisms: Science,
Health and Politics
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) – organisms with
foreign genes incorporated into their genome such that they
exhibit different but desirable properties that do not occur
naturally by mating and/or natural recombination
CHAPTER 14 – The Nano World
Nanotechnology – processes that provide goods and/or
services which are derived from the matter at the
nanometer level and the principles of engineering the
structure of matter at the molecular level.
CHAPTER 15 – Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy – the process of treating genetic diseases by
repairing the damaged gene responsible for the disease
through the introduction of a normal copy of the gene
instead of using drugs or surgery
Ex Vivo Gene Therapy – genetic manipulation of cell done
outside the body
In Vivo Gene Therapy- direct introduction of the genetic
materials into the human body
CHAPTER 16 – Climate Change and the Energy Crisis
Weather – the condition of the atmosphere at a given place
at a given time
Climate – the weather condition occurring in the region for a
longer period of time
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Climate Change – the changes in the regional or global
climate pattern brought about by the increase in
atmospheric temperature

Renewable energy – the energy supply that are replenished

through natural processes

Renewable Energy and Alternative Forms of Energy

1. Hydropower – releasing flowing water through

channels installed with turbines
2. Biomass – consists of organic matter such as
industrial and agricultural waste
3. Geothermal energy – harnessed from deep ground
chambers with high temperature originating from
the earth’s core
4. Solar energy – comes directly from the sun
5. Wind energy – from aerodynamic blades attached to
a hub turn due to wind current
6. Fuel cell – alternative energy devices that use
chemical reactions to generate heat or electricity

GOOD LUCK ON YOUR EXAMS!

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