SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY &
SOCIETY
(INTRODUCTION)
PREPARED BY: BRYAN A. PICART, RM, RN, IVT, MM-PM, NT
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
& SOCIETIES STUDY
Itis the study of how society, politics,
and culture affect scientific research
and technological innovation, and
how these, in turn, affect society,
politics and culture.
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
& SOCIETIES STUDY
 Technology, science and knowledge
are important in modern contemporary
society. The understanding of how social,
cultural and material elements influence
the production of new practices, new
ways of understanding and new
institutions is vital in our understanding
of contemporary postmodern society.
 DEFINITION OF SCIENCE
Latin word “scientia” which means
knowledge.
It is a systematic field of study or body of
knowledge that aims, through experiment,
observation and deduction, to produce
reliable explanation of phenomena, with
reference to the material and physical
world.
 SCIENCE AS A PROCESS
Concerned with discovering relationships
between observable phenomena in terms of
theories.
Systematic theoretical inquiries.
It seeks for truth about nature.
It is determined by observation, hypothesis,
measurement, analysis and experimentation.
It is a kind of human cultural activity.
 SCIENCE AS A PROCESS
It is the description and explanation of the
development of knowledge .
It is the study of the beginning and end of
everything that exist.
It is the conceptualization of new ideas from
the abstract to the particular.
 SCIENCE IS A PRODUCT
It is a systematized, organized body of
knowledge based on facts or truths
observation.
It is a set of logical and empirical methods
which provide for the systematic observation
of empirical phenomena.
It is a source of cognitive authority.
It is concerned with verifiable concepts.
 SCIENCE IS A PRODUCT
It is a product of the mind.
It is a variety of knowledge, people, skills,
organizations, facilities, techniques, physical
resources, methods and technologies that
taken together and in relation with one
another.
THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
“Science is the interpretation of nature and
man is the interpreter.” – Gore

“Science is the attempts to make the

chaotic diversity of our sense experience
correspond to a logically uniform system of
thoughts.” - Einstein
THE NATURE OF SCIENCE
“Nature, with all her irregularities, might
have been just a real even if there were no
men to observe and to study her. But there
could have been no science without
human beings, or beings like them. It is the
spirit of man brooding over the stream of
natural events has given birth to science.”
- Wolf
DEFINITION OF TECHNOLOGY
It is the use f tools, power and materials,
generally for the purpose of production.
Advance Technology – highly automated and
specialized on which modern industrialized
society depends.
Intermediate Technology – is an attempt to
adapt scientifically advance inventions to less
developed areas by using local materials and
methods of manufacture.
DEFINITION OF TECHNOLOGY
Appropriate Technology – refers to simple and
small-scale tools and machinery of use to
developing countries.
The earliest materials used by humans were
wood, bone, horn, shell and stone.
In human, prehistory, the only power
available was muscle power, augmented by
primitive tools, such as wedge or lever.
 DEFINITION OF SOCIETY
 It is the organization of people into
communities or groups.
Sociology - is the study of human behavior in
a social context.
It is a systematic study of the origin and
constitution of human society, in particular
of social order and social change, social
conflicts and social problems.
 DEFINITION OF SOCIETY
Sociology
Itstudies institutions such as the family, law,
and the church as well as concepts such as
norms, role and culture.
ASPECTS OF SOCIETY: Class, Community,
Culture, Kinship, Norms, Status
 ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
CLASS – it is the main grouping of social
stratification in industrial societies, based
primarily on economic and occupational
factors. It also refer to people’s style of living
or sense of group identity.
COMMUNITY – it refers to the sense of identity,
purpose and companionship that comes from
belonging to a particular place, organization
or social group.
 ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
CULTURE – it is the way of life of a particular
society or group of people, including patterns
of thought, beliefs, behavior, customs,
traditions, rituals, dress, language, as well as
art, music and literature.
KINSHIP – it is the human relationship based
on blood or marriage and sanctified by
customs. It forms the basis for such social
groupings as the family, clan or tribe.
 ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
NORMS – it is the informal guideline about
WHAT IS or IS NOT considered normal social
behavior. It plays a key part n social control
and social order.
STATUS – it is an individual’s social position or
the esteem in which he or she is held by
others in society.
 ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
 STATUS
Both within and between most occupations or
social positions, there is a social hierarchy.
FORMAL SOCIAL STATUS – it is attached to a
certain social position, occupation, role or
office.
INFORMAL SOCIAL STATUS – it is based on an
individual’s own personal talents, skills or
personality.
 ASPECTS OF SOCIETY
ASCRIBED STATUS – status bestowed by birth
ACHIEVED STATUS – status that results to
one’s own efforts.
German sociologist Max Weber analyzed
social stratification in terms of three separate
but interlinked dimensions: CLASS, STATUS &
POWER. Status is seen as a key influence on
human behavior, on the way people evaluate
themselves and others.