Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology Student: ORLANDA, MARIA POINSITHIA A.

COLLEGE OF NURSING Section: BLOCK 262

PHARMACOLOGY

DRUG STUDY

Brand Name: Zinacef Generic Name: CEFUROXIME SODIUM Drug Classification: ANTIINFECTIVE; ANTIBIOTIC; SECOND-GENERATION CEPHALOSPORIN
Dosage, Route & Frequency Drug-Drug & Drug-Food Side Effects Adverse Reactions (By
Drug Action Indications Contraindications
Recommended Prescribed Interactions (By System) System)
Moderate to Severe Semisynthetic Drug: Probenecid decreases Infections  Hypersensitivity  easy bruising/bleeding, Body as a
Infections second- renal elimination of caused by to unusual tiredness, whole: Thrombophlebitis
Adult: PO 250–500 generation cefuroxime, thus susceptible cephalosporins (IV site); pain, burning,
uncontrollable
mg q12h IV/IM 750 cephalosporin prolonging its action. organisms in and related cellulitis (IM site);
mg–1.5 g q6–8h antibiotic with the lower antibiotics
movements, superinfections, positive
Child (3 mo–12 structure respiratory  pregnancy mental/mood changes Coombs' test.
y) : PO 10–15 similar to that tract, urinary (category B) (such as
 lactation GI: Diarrhea, nausea,
mg/kg (125–250 of the tract, skin, confusion), seizures,
antibiotic-associated
mg) q12h IV/IM 75– penicillins. and skin  signs
100 mg/kg/d Resistance structures; colitis.
of kidney problems
divided q8h (max: 6 against beta- also used for Skin: Rash, pruritus,
(such as change in the
g/d) lactamase- treatment of urticaria.
Neonate: IM/IV 20– producing meningitis, amount of urine),
100 mg/kg/d strains exceeds gonorrhea,  signs of liver Urogenital: Increased
divided q12h that of first and otitis problems (such serum creatinine and
generation media and for as nausea/vomiting that BUN, decreased
Bacterial Meningitis cephalosporins. perioperative doesn't stop, loss of creatinine clearance.
Adult: IV/IM 3 g Antimicrobial prophylaxis appetite, stomach/abdo
q8h spectrum of (e.g., open-
minal pain,
Child: IV/IM 200– activity heart
240 mg/kg/d resembles that surgery), yellowing eyes/skin, dar
divided q6–8h; of cefonicid. early Lyme k urine).
reduced to 100 Preferentially disease.
mg/kg/d upon binds to one or
improvement more of the
 penicillin-
Surgical Prophylaxis binding proteins
Adult: IV/IM 1.5 g (PBP) located
30–60 min before on cell walls of
surgery, then 750 susceptible
mg q8h for 24 h organisms. This
Child: IV/IM Same inhibits third
as for adult and final stage
of bacterial cell
wall synthesis,
thus killing the
bacterium.
Partial cross-
allergenicity
between other
beta-lactam
antibiotics and
cephalosporins
has been
reported.

Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE) Responsibilities in the Nursing Process (ADPIE)
Assessment

 Determine history of hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins,

penicillins, and history of allergies, particularly to drugs, before
therapy is initiated.

 Monitor periodically BUN and creatinine clearance.

 Inspect IM and IV injection sites frequently for signs of phlebitis.

 Report onset of loose stools or diarrhea. Although pseudomembranous

colitis rarely occurs, this potentially life-threatening complication
should be ruled out as the cause of diarrhea during and after antibiotic
 therapy.

 Monitor for manifestations of hypersensitivity. Discontinue drug and

report their appearance promptly.

 Monitor I&O rates and pattern: Especially important in severely ill

patients receiving high doses. Report any significant changes.