URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City

College of Engineering and Architecture

CORRELATION
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEERING
February 8, 2020

Otto Cycle

Also known as constant-volume heat

addition cycle was proposed by Nicolaus
Otto (1876). It is used as the basis of
comparison for spark-ignition engine
(Gasoline engine).

Equations: 4. Process 4-1: Constant Volume Heat Rejection Process (V=C)

1. Process 1-2: Isentropic Compression Process (S=C)

5. Net Work,

Where:

6. Thermal Efficiency,

2. Process 2-3: Constant Volume Heat Addition (V=C)

( ) ( )

7. Mean Effective Pressure, Pm

3. Process 3-4: Isentropic Expansion Process (S=C)

8. Clearance Ratio, c
But
Where:

DIESEL CYCLE

Also known as constant-pressure

cycle was proposed by Rudolf Diesel
(1892). It is used as the basis of
comparison for compression-ignition
engine (Diesel engine).

Equations:

1. Process 1-2: Isentropic Compression Process (S=C)

Where:

5. Net Work,

2. Process 2-3: Constant Pressure Heat Addition (P=C)

6. Thermal Efficiency,

( )
Where:

( ( ))
3. Process 3-4: Isentropic Expansion Process (S=C)
7. Mean Effective Pressure, Pm

8. Clearance Ratio, c

4. Process 4-1: Constant Volume Heat Rejection Process (V=C)

DUAL COMBUSTION CYCLE

Also known as limited pressure or

mixed cycle, Selliger cycle or Sabathe
cycle is a combination of the Otto cycle
and Diesel cycle.

Equations:

1. Process 1-2: Isentropic Compression Process (S=C)

7. Heat Rejected Process,

8. Net Work,
Where:

2. Process 2-3: Constant Volume Heat Addition Process (V=C)

9. Thermal Efficiency,

Where:

3. Process 3-4: Constant Pressure Heat Addition Process (P=C) ( )

( ( ))
( )
4. Process 4-5: Isentropic Expansion Process (S=C)

5. Process 5-1: Constant Volume Heat Rejection Process (V=C)

6. Heat Addition,
Problem Set:
1. An engine working on Otto-cycle
receives 1500 kJ/kg amount of heat. The
pressure and temperature at the beginning
of compression is 150 kPa and 300 K,
respectively. The compression ratio of
the cycle is 8.0. Determine the ff:
a. The work net in kJ/kg
b. The thermal efficiency of the cycle
c. The mean effective pressure in kPa
d. The maximum temperature in the cycle
in K
2. An engine operates in an air-standard
Diesel cycle with the following
conditions: The pressure and temperature
at beginning of compression are 100 kPa
and 300 K, respectively. At the end of
heat addition the pressure is 6400 kPa
and temperature of 2100 K. Determine the
ff:
a. The compression ratio
b. The cut-off ratio
c. The thermal efficiency
d. The mean effective pressure
3. An engine working on an air-standard
Dual cycle has a maximum pressure limited
to 48 bar and a maximum temperature of
1800 C. The pressure and temperature at
the beginning of the compression are 1.5
bar and 37 C. For a compression ratio of
10.0, determine the following:
a. The temperature at the end of the
constant volume heat addition
b. Cut-off ratio
c. Net work per kg of air
d. The cycle efficiency
4. An engine operating on Ideal Otto
cycle has the following conditions: The
pressure and temperature at the beginning
of compression are 140kPa and 30C,
respectively. The maximum pressure and
temperature are 5000kPa and 2600C. Assume
k=1.4. Determine:
a. The net cycle work, kJ/kg
b. The cycle efficiency
5. For an engine working on the Ideal
Diesel Cycle, the pressure and
temperature at the inlet is 120kPa and
30C. If the compression ratio of 25 and a
cut-off ratio of 3.5, determine:
a. The heat added
b. The work net
6. An engine operating on Ideal Dual
Cycle has a compression ratio of 12. The
pressure and temperature at the start of
adiabatic compression is 100kPa and 37C.
The peak pressure of the cycle is not to
exceed 8000kPa and the heat supplied to
the cycle is 2000kJ per kg of air.
Determine:
a. The pressure and temperature of each
cycle state points
b. The cycle thermal efficiency
7. An engine operating in an air-standard
Otto cycle has a compression ratio of
8.0. The pressure, temperature, and
volume at the beginning of the adiabatic
compression process are 100kPa, 27C, and
580cm3, respectively. If the temperature
at the end of isentropic expansion is
557C, determine:
a. The maximum temperature and pressure
of the cycle, in K
b. The heat added in kJ
c. The thermal efficiency
d. The mean effective pressure in kPa
8. An engine working on Ideal Diesel
Cycle with pressure of 100kPa and
temperature at 37C at the beginning of
compression process. The peak temperature
of the cycle is not to exceed 2000K and a
compression ratio of 25. Determine:
a. The Diesel Cycle thermal efficiency
b. The mean effective pressure of the
cycle in kPa
9. A compression-ignition engine with a
pressure of 100kPa and a temperature of
27C works on an Ideal Dual Cycle. The
pressure at the end of adiabatic
compression process is 3000kPa. The heat
supplied in the cycle is 500 kJ/kg and
the pressure at the end of adiabatic
compression process is found to be
250kPa. Determine the Dual cycle thermal
efficiency.
10. The compression ratio of an Ideal
Otto Cycle is 9.0 and the pressure and
temperature at the start of compression
process is 100kPa and 27C, respectively.
The heat added during constant volume
process is 800 kJ/kg. Determine:
a. The pressure and temperature at the
end of the heat addition process
b. The work net produced, kJ/kg
c. The Otto thermal efficiency
d. The mean effective pressure
x-----nothing follows-----x
Prepared by: Engr. Samuel N. Arzadon
Checked by: Engr. Mark Oliver Tabayoyong