Q. 1 The diagrams show the particles in different substances.

Draw a line to match each diagram with the description of that diagram.

[3]

Q. 2 (a) Tick ( ) the boxes next to the two correct sentences about gases.

[2]

(b) A gas changes into a liquid during condensation.

Describe what happens to the particles in a substance during condensation.

Q. 3 Chen opens a bottle of liquid perfume.

After a few seconds he can smell the perfume.
Some of the liquid perfume evaporates into a gas.
The perfume gas then diffuses.
What happens to the particles of perfume during diffusion?
Tick ( ) the correct box.

[1]
Q. 4 This question is about states of matter.
(a) Complete these sentences about states of matter.

(b) The particles of a gas fill any container in which they are placed.
Explain why.

Q. 5 Look at the diagrams.

The diagrams show the particles in five substances.
The white and grey circles represent types of atom.
Which two diagrams show mixtures?

Q. 6

Q.7 Diagrams A, B and C show three pieces of apparatus for separating substances.
(a) Draw a line from each apparatus to the name of the method of separation.
Draw only three lines.
(b) Debbie has a mixture of sand and salt water.
Look at the diagrams on the opposite page.

Q. 8 The drawing shows a gold mask from a tomb in Egypt. The gold is still
shiny after thousands of years.
Q. 9 (a) Methane can be a gas, a liquid or a solid. In the diagram below,
arrows P, Q, R and S represent changes of state.
The boxes on the right show the arrangement of particles of methane in
the three different physical states.
Each circle represents a particle of methane.
(i) Draw a line from each physical state of methane to the arrangement
of particles in that physical state.
Draw only three lines. 1 mark

(ii) Arrows P, Q, R and S represent changes of state.

Which arrow represents: 2 marks

(b) Methane is the main compound in natural gas. The scale below shows
the melting point and the boiling point of methane.

Methane has three physical states: solid, liquid and gas.

(i) What is the physical state of methane at –170ºC?

(ii) The formula of methane is CH4. The symbols for the two elements
in methane are C and H.
Q. 13 Sarah and Jim investigated the effect of temperature on the solubility of
copper sulphate.
They dissolved copper sulphate crystals in the same volume of water until
no more would dissolve. This means the solution was saturated.
They measured the mass of copper sulphate needed to make a saturated
solution using water at different temperatures.

They plotted their results on a grid.

(a) (i) One of the mass readings appears to be wrong (anomalous).
Circle the anomalous result on the graph. [1]
(ii) Draw a smooth curve of best fit on the graph. [1]
(iii) Use the graph to predict a more likely measurement of mass for the
anomalous result. [1]
…………………. g

(b) Suggest one mistake Sarah and Jim might have made to produce this
anomalous result.

Q. 10 Some pupils carried out an investigation to find out whether more sugar or
more salt dissolved in water at 60°C.
Here are some of the steps in their investigation.
They are not in the correct order.
(a) Put the letters A, B, C, D and E in the boxes below to show the correct
order of the steps in their investigation.

(b) Why did they use a measuring cylinder?

(c) They used water at 60°C in both beakers.

What else did they do to make their investigation fair?

(d) They counted the number of spatulas of sugar or salt added to the water until no more would
dissolve.
(i) Why was this not an accurate method of measuring how much sugar
or salt they added?

(ii) Suggest a more accurate method of measuring how much sugar or salt they added.

(e) Jane predicted that more sugar than salt would dissolve.
Complete the table to show a result which would support Jane’s prediction.

Q. 14 In the 19th Century, a scientist called John Dalton used symbols to represent atoms.
The symbols he used for atoms of three different elements are shown below.
(a) (i) Give the letter of the diagram which shows a mixture of two elements. ………………….
(ii) Give the letter of the diagram which shows a mixture of two compounds. …………………..
(iii) Give the letter of the diagram which shows a mixture of an element.
and a compound. ………………..

(b) Give one difference between a compound and a mixture.

(c) (i) Suggest a name and formula for the substance represented in diagram B. [1]
Name: ………………………………………..
Formula: …………………………

(ii) Suggest a name and formula for the substance represented in diagram D. [1]
Name: ………………………………………..
Formula: …………………………

Q. 12 The drawings show six objects made from different materials. 6M

(a) Fill the gaps in the sentences below.
The objects are made from materials that are all types of ____________________. All the materials are
good conductors of electricity and ____________________.

(b) From the drawings above give one object that could rust.

(c) The drawing below shows part of an electric cable and a plug.

(i) What material could be put around the wires to insulate them?

(ii) Why is this insulating material needed?

(d) Which pair of objects is attracted to a magnet?

Tick the correct box.

Q. 13 Rema used the apparatus below to distil 100 cm3 of water-soluble ink. 7M
(a) Which processes occur during distillation?
Tick the correct box.

(b) Give the name of the colourless liquid that collects in the test-tube.
_____________________
(c) What would the temperature reading be on the thermometer when the
ink has been boiling for two minutes?
_______°C
(d) (i) Water at 15°C enters the condenser at X.
Predict the temperature of the water when it leaves the condenser at Y.
_______°C
Explain this change of temperature.

(ii) Give two ways in which the water vapour changes as it passes
down the glass tube in the condenser.
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________

(e) Peter used the apparatus below to distil 100 cm3 of water-soluble ink.
Why is the condenser in apparatus A better than the glass tube and beaker of water in apparatus B?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________ [1]

(a) Amy’s family are at the beach during the summer.

Amy and her sister have a bucket containing seawater and sand. 6M

Read the following statements.

Which are true and which are false?
Tick one box for each statement.

(b) Seawater contains dissolved salt.

Describe what Amy can do to separate and collect pure water from seawater.
(c) Draw a line from each of the substances below to the group that it belongs to.
Draw only three lines.
Draw a line from each group to the correct description.
Draw only three lines. [2]

1. A solution of salt is a
a. Heterogeneous solution
b. Homogeneous solution
c. Compound
d. Element

2. Pure water can be separated from inky water by simple distillation because:
a. Water and ink have different boiling points
b. Water evaporates leaving the ink particles behind
c. Ink evaporates leaving the water behind

3. What is the correct order for obtaining salt from a mixture of sand and salt?

Dissolving in water - filtration - evaporation

Evaporation - filtration - dissolving in water

Filtration - dissolving in water - evaporation

Which method is usually used to separate coloured substances from each other?
Simple distillation

Evaporation

Chromatography

Crude oil can be separated into several liquids that have different boiling points. What is the name of
this process?

Simple distillation

Chromatography

Fractional distillation

Match the following

Column A Column B
a. No more solute can be dissolved i. Threshing
b. More solute can be dissolved ii. Centrifugation
c. Conversion of water vapour into water iii. Saturated solution
d. Removal of grain from stalks iv. Unsaturated solution
e. Separation of cream from curd v. Condensation

Q.23 Neera and Tom dissolved different masses of salt in 500 cm3 of water.
They measured the temperature at which each salt solution boiled.

(a) They wrote down the variables that might affect the investigation.
(i) What is the independent variable (the variable they changed) in their investigation?

(ii) What is the dependent variable (the variable they measured) in their investigation?

(iii) Which variable above would affect the experiment the least?

(b) Neera and Tom plotted their results and drew the graphs shown below.

(i) How can you tell from the graphs that Neera and Tom started with spure water?

(ii) Why is Tom’s line of best fit better than Neera’s line of best fit?

Q. 3 Diagram A represents a gas in a container. 7M

The gas can be compressed by moving the piston to the right.
(a) (i) How can you tell that the substance in the container is a gas?

(ii) How can you tell from the diagram that the gas is pure?

(b) The piston is moved to the right as shown in diagram B.

How can you tell, from diagram B, that the pressure of the gas has increased?

(c) Diagram C shows what happened to the molecules after the gas was compressed more.

(i) How can you tell that a chemical reaction happened when the gas was compressed?

(ii) The mass of the gas in both diagrams B and C was 0.3 g.
Why did the mass of the gas not change when it was compressed?
(iii) Complete the table below with the correct chemical formula of each substance. Use the key to help
you.

Q.4