Freshwater Mollusks Shells As An Alternative To Sea Shells in The Production of Broiler Finisher Feeds 1 1

Sagaba, Sto.
Domingo, Nueva Ecija
FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS SHELLS AS AN ALTERNATIVE
TO SEA SHELLS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
BROILER FINISHER FEEDS
PREPARED BY:
PETER BEN J. CABINIAN
PATRICIA MARIELLE S. HIERCO
TRISHA JOCEL M. CASTILLO
JOHN ARKIEL J. ANDRES
GWYNETH F. CABINIAN
VENUS P. MOLLO
ABY-GAIL G. IMPERIAL
BENEDICT CYRELL D. GLORIA
SUBMITTED TO:
MRS. EDITHA SEBASTIAN
Research Adviser
FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS SHELLS AS AN ALTERNATIVE
TO SEA SHELLS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
BROILER FINISHER FEEDS
A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF JULIA ORTIZ LUIS NATIONAL
HIGH SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN
RESEARCH II
Peter Ben J. Cabinian

Patricia Marielle S. Hierco
Trisha Jocel M. Castillo
John Arkiel J. Andres
Gwyneth F. Cabinian
Venus P. Mollo
Aby-Gail G. Imperial
Benedict Cyrell D. Gloria
NOVEMBER 2019
The thesis attach hereto titled, “FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS SHELLS AS AN
ALTERNATIVE TO SEA SHELLS IN THE PRODUCTION OF BROILER FINISHER
FEEDS” prepared and submitted by PETER BEN J. CABINIAN,
PATRICIA MARIELLE S. HIERCO, TRISHA JOCEL M. CASTILLO,
JOHN ARKIEL J. ANDRES, GWYNETH F. CABINIAN, VENUS P. MOLLO,
ABY-GAIL G. IMPERIAL, and BENEDICT CYRELL D. GLORIA in partial fulfillment of
the requirements in RESEARCH II in hereby accepted.
EDITHA D. SEBASTIAN Ph.D JULIAN MACADAMIA

Research Adviser Research Consultant
_______________________________ _________________________________
Date Signed Date Signed
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research II.
AURORA T. AGUILA
Principal IV, Julia Ortiz Luis National High School
_______________________________
Date Signed
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................................................... v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the conduct of the study, the researchers had encountered many problems that they
overcome with the help of wonderful people.
First of all to the ALMIGHTY GOD, for making everything possible.
To their parents, Mr. Benny R. Cabinian and Mrs. Silpha J. Cabinian; Mr. Fredodrigo
A. Hierco and Mrs. Pamela S. Hierco; Mr. Rolando A. Castillo and Mrs. Jocelyn M. Castillo;
Mr. Israel F. Andres and Mrs. Lowella J. Andres; Mr. Gregorio R. Cabinian and
Mrs. Juvie F. Cabinian; Mr. Rolando A. Mollo Sr. and Mrs. Rubina P. Mollo; Mr. Andrew
A. Imperial and Emerisa S. Imperial; and Mr. Albert J. Gloria and Mrs. Jonalyn DC. Gloria
for their unparalleled sacrifices for surmounting love and financial support.
To their Research Adviser and research consultant Mrs. Editha D. Sebastian Ph.D and
Mr. Julian C. Macadamia for their guidance, critiques and for their patience above all.
ABSTRACT
CABINIAN, PETER BEN J., HIERCO, PATRICIA MARIELLE S., CABINIAN, GWYNETH
F., ANDRES, JOHN ARKIEL J., CASTILLO, TRISHA JOCEL M., MOLLO, VENUS P.,
IMPERIAL, ABY-GAIL G., GLORIA, BENEDICT CYRELL DC. Julia Ortiz Luis National High
School, November 2019. Freshwater Mollusks Shells as an Alternative to Sea Shells in the
Production of Broiler Finisher Feeds.
Adviser: Mrs. Editha D. Sebastian Ph.D
Consultant: Mr. Julian C. Macadamia

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Peter Ben J. Cabinian
Date of Birth: February 8, 2004
Place of Birth: Cabanatuan City
Home Address: Sagaba, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Religion: Roman Catholic
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary: Santo Domingo Central School
Secondary: Julia Ortiz Luis National High School
Achievements/ Extracurricular activities/ Individual and Group

(Inside and outside of school):
2019 Division Intel Science and Technology Fair Science Innovation Expo 9th Placer
2019 Physical Fitness Zumba 3rd Placer
2019 Sportfest Chess 6th Placer
2019 Science Fair 3rd Placer
2019 CD School Press Conference Broadcasting (Filipino) 3rd Placer
2019 Buwan ng Nutrisyon Poster Making 1st Placer
2019 Buwan ng Wika Poster Making 1st Placer
2018 CD Press Conference Broadcasting (English) participant
2018 Municipal Linggo ng Kabataan Poster Making Participant
2018 Science Month Poster Making 2nd Placer
2018 Division Science and Technology Fair Innovation Expo 3rd Placer
2018 Buwan ng Wika Poster Making Champion
2018 Sports fest Chess 6th Placer
2018 Physical Fitness Festival Champion
2017 Buwan ng Wika Declamation 2nd Placer
2017 Buwan ng Wika Slogan Making Participant
2017 Buwan ng Nutrisyon Poster Making Participany
2017 Science Month Slogan Making Participant
2017 Science Month Poster Making 5th Placer
2017 Division Oral Reading Participant
2016 Division Oration 2nd Placer
2016 Buwan ng Wika Poster Making 2nd Placer
2016 Science Month Poster Making 5th Placer
2016 Buwan ng Nutrisyon Poster Making Participant
2016 Physical fitness Folk Dance Champion
2016 Biyaya ng Butil Festival Poster Making 2nd Placer
2015 Science Poster Making 3rd Placer
2015 Sport fest Chess Champion
2015 District Meet Chess participant
2015 District Journalism Feature Writing Participant
2014 Sports fest Chess Champion
2014 District Meet Chess 4th Placer
2014 K-Servico Poster Making 2nd Placer
2014 District Journalism Feature Writing Participant
2014 Science Poster Making 4th Placer
2014 Science Slogan Making 4th Placer
2014 Editorial Cartooning Participant
2013 Sport fest Chess Champion
2013 District Meet Chess 3rd Placer
2013 Science Poster Making 3rd Placer
Organizations (include the position):
2016 Boy Scout of the Year
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name: Patricia Marielle S. Hierco
Date of Birth: May 03, 2004
Home Address: Poblacion Sur, Talavera, Nueva Ecija
Elementary: Bethel Educational Center
(2010-2013) Poblacion, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Elementary: San Pascual Elementary School
(2013-2016) San Pascual, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
(2016-2020) Sagaba, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Achievements/ Extracurricular activities/ Individual and Group (inside the school):

2019 Linggo ng Kabataan Spelling Bee Champion
2019 Linggo ng Kabataan Quiz Bee Champion
2019 Division Intel Science and Technology Fair Science Innovation Expo 9th Placer
2015 District Press Conference (Feature Writing) 2nd Place
2015 Congressional District Press Conference (Feature Writing) Champion
2015 Division Press Conference (Feature Writing) participant
2015 District Metro Bank MTAP 3rd Place
2015 Division Metro Bank MTAP qualifier
2015 District Science Fair Quiz Bee 4th Place
2013 District Science Quiz Bee 1st Place
2013 Division Science Quiz Bee Participant

2014 SPG President
Ms, GSP 2015-2016
2015 Campus Journalist of the Year
2015 Girl Scout of the Year
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name: Trisha Jocel M. Castillo
Date of Birth: July 03, 2004
Place of Birth: Sagaba, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Home Address: Sagaba, Santo Domingo,Nueva Ecija
Elementary: Romina’s Heavenly Angels Montessori School
(2012-2016) Malasin, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija

2019 Linggo ng Kabataan Spelling Bee Champion
2019 Linggo ng Kabataan Quiz Bee Champion
2019 Science Month Essay Writing Participant
2017 Araling Panlipunan Jingle 1st Placer
2017 Filipino Photo Writing 1st Placer
2016 Physical Fitness Folk Dance Champion
2015 District Press Conference (Feature Writing) Champion
2015 Congressional District Press Conference (Feature Writing) 1st Place
2015 Division Press Conference (Feature Writing) participant
2015 District English Olympics 3rd Place
2015 Leadership Award
2014 Science Fair participant
2013 District Press Conference (Feature Writing) participant
2013 Leadership Award
2011 District Press Conference (Feature Writing) participant
2011 Read-a-thon 2nd Placer

2015 Girl Scout of the Year
2014 SPG Secretary
2012 SPG P.I.O.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name: John Arkiel J. Andres
Date of Birth: September 2, 2003
Place of Birth: Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Home Address: Poblacion, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
(2010-2016) Malasin, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija

2017 Badminton Municipal Meet (Doubles category) Champion
2017 Badminton Dual Meet (Doubles category) 2nd Placer
2016 Badminton Municipal Meet (Doubles category) Champion
2016 Badminton Dual Meet (Doubles category) Champion
2016 Badminton CD Meet (Doubles category) 3rd Placer

2014 SPG P.I.O
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name: Gwyneth F. Cabinian
Date of Birth: April 16, 2004
Home Address: Sagaba, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Elementary: Kabulihan Elementary School

2019 APR Palarong Pambarangay Volleyball (Girls Category) Champion
2019 Physical Fitness Zumba Champion
2018 PCCS Palarong Pambarangay Champion
2018 Palarong Kabataan Ms. Culde Sac 1st Placer
2015 Math Quiz Bee 10th Placer
2015 News Writing 11th Placer
2014 News Writing 7th Placer
2014 Sportsfest Badminton Champion
2014 Purok 5 Palarong Kabataan (Chess) Champion
2013 Buwan ng Wika (Cookfest) 1st Place
2012 Photojournalism 5th Placer
2012 Volleyball Bulilit Champion
2012 Badminton Sportfest 2nd Placer
2012 Ms. Valentine 3rd Placer
2011 Poem Reading Champion
2011 Read-a-thon 3rd Placer
2009 Math Quiz Bee 3rd Placer
2009 Ms. Villa Juan Elementary School Queen
2008 Buwan ng Wika (Mabilisang Pagbigkas) Champion

2015 SPG President
2014 Ms. Girl Scout
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name: Venus P. Mollo
Date of Birth: February 15, 2004
Place of Birth: Pulong Buli, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Home Address: Pulong Buli, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Religion: Christian
Elementary: Pulong Buli Elementary School
(2010-2016) Pulong Buli, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija


BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name: Aby-Gail G. Imperial
Date of Birth: November 16, 2003
Place of Birth: Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation
Home Address: Malasin, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Elementary: Romina’s Heavenly Angels Montessori
Elementary: Dominican High School
(2013-2016) Malaya, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Secondary: Julia Ortiz Luis National Highschool

2011 Feature Writing Sports 3rd Placer
2011 Miss Intramural Champion
2011 Sportsfest (Badminton) 2nd Placer
2010 Buwan ng Wika (Tinikling)
2010 Cooking Show 3rd Placer
2009 Talent Show/Duet Singing 4th Placer
2009 Foundation Day (Dancing) 2nd Placer
2008 Best in Writing

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name: Benedict Cyrell DC. Gloria
Date of Birth: April 12, 2004
Home Address: Dolores, Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Elementary: Dolores Elementary School
(2010-2016) Dolores, Santo Domingo, Nueva Ecija
Secondary: Julia Ortiz Luis National Highschool

2019 Division Tennis 3rd Placer
2016 District Meet Athletics 3rd Placer

Chapter I
The Problem and Review of Literature
Chicken broiler production are one of the most evolving animal business in the Philippines
today. According to Philippine Statistics Authority (2019), broiler chicken is the second most
abundant breed of chicken in the Philippines which is mostly raised in the regions of Central
Luzon, CALABARZON, Northern Mindanao and Western Visayas (PSA, 2019). With just enough
food and water, it takes 7 weeks to grow to market weight of 3.5 pounds. According to Philippine
Statistics Authority, as of July 01, 2019, the total inventory of Broiler chicken grew by 6.2%, from
64.94 million birds in 2018 to 68.97 million birds in 2019.
Broiler finisher feeds account for the major volume and cost of feeding a broiler. It is
therefore important that feeds are made to expand financial return for the type of products being
produced. It is fed to chickens from the age of 4 weeks to the age of 5 weeks.
A recent study was conducted that showed the possibility of making seashells as an
alternative to commercial broiler feeds. Moreover, this study explores the possibility of
formulating broiler finisher feeds using fresh water mollusks as alternative to seawater shells.
Freshwater mollusks are those members of the Phylum Mollusca which live in freshwater
habitats, both lotic (flowing water) such as rivers, streams, canals, springs, and underground cave
streams (stygobite species) and lentic (still water) such as lakes, ponds (including temporary or
vernal ponds), and ditches that are often located on rural places. On the other hand, seashells are
hard, protective exoskeleton formed by invertebrate animals who live in the sea and are often found
washed up on beaches throughout the world. The most common animals which produce a seashell
are mollusks, crabs, oysters, barnacles, brachiopods, annelid worms, and sea urchins. Seashells are
comprised of calcium carbonate and a small quantity of protein.
A previous study from Engr. Yvonne Muico showed that Calcined salt water shells
especially “tahong” shells appear to be very white which were as white as the commercial Calcium
Carbonate. Their grains were categorized as fine since they had a particle size of 2 um. Calcined
green mussel shells are basic (pH= 14.4). Their oil absorption (50.65 g/100 g). This results to a
high viscosity of “tahong” shells Calcium Carbonate, which is 215 ku. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
reveals that the correlation of calcined “tahong” shells to commercial calcium carbonate is 20%
only.
A recent study shows that Spheres of CaCO3 are found at the inner surface of adult shells
of the freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, were identified as vaterite by Hasse et al.(2000)
using XRD. Spectra of x-ray and FTIR did not confirm this observation, possibly due to the small
amounts that are present. Alternatively, the spherical forms found in Physa could represent
spherulitic aggregates of calcite. (De Paula & Silveira, 2019) At least seven distinct types of
calcium carbonate biominerals are found in mollusks. These biominerals occur in a crystalline
phase as calcite or aragonite. In addition, gastropod mollusks contain vaterite, a polymorph that is
rare in nature (Hasse et al. 2000, Meldrum 2003).

Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine if the freshwater mollusk shells can be an alternative to
sea shells in the production of broiler feeds.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following problems:
1. What is/are the mineral content of the freshwater mollusk shells? ;
2. How to formulate broiler finisher feeds using freshwater mollusk shells? ; and
3. What is the efficiency of the broiler finisher feeds with freshwater mollusk as
Calcium source?
Assumptions of the Study
The researcher used freshwater mollusk shells as an alternative to sea shells in the
production of broiler feeds. The presence of calcium can enhance the bones, muscles, nervous
system, and heart of the chicken that is present in broiler feeds with freshwater mollusk shell.
Hypotheses of the Study
The following are tested:
1. The freshwater mollusk shells can be an alternative to sea shells in the production of
broiler feeds.
2. There are calcium carbonate present in freshwater mollusk shells that can be
determined by using _____ method.

3. The backyard breeders from urban places would not be able to use fresh water
mollusk shell as a broiler finisher feed due to the lack of availability in their vicinity.
4. There is no significant difference between commercial broiler feeds and feeds with
fresh water mollusks shells.
Significance of the Study
This study will be conducted to determine the mineral content of freshwater mollusk
shells, its effectiveness as a broiler feeds to the chickens, and also their ability to reach the store
weight of broiler chicken that consumes commercial broiler feeds. And addition to that, to
benefit the backyard breeders and agriculture and poultry product supplier/user/manufacturer by
minimizing expenses.
The result will guide other researchers relative to substituting commercial broiler feeds
using other shells. Furthermore the study hopes to pave way for the utilization of fresh water
mollusks shells that normally goes to waste.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020.

Review of Related Literature
Broiler Chicken
Broiler chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is bred and raised specifically for meat
production. Most commercial broilers reach slaughter weight between four and seven weeks of
age, although slower growing breeds reach slaughter weight at approximately 14 weeks of age
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broiler).
Figure 1. Broiler Chicken (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broiler)
Chicken broiler and egg production are the most progressive animal enterprises in the
Philippines today. The poultry industry as backyard enterprise but has shifted to the formation of
very large integrated contract farming operations.The growth of poultry industry in the Philippines
has been impressive but its problems include inefficient management and the prevalence of many
destructive poultry diseases and parasites cannot be ignored (DA, 2014).

The commercial production of broiler chickens for meat consumption is a highly
industrialized process. There are two major sectors: (1) rearing birds intended for consumption
and (2) rearing parent stock for breeding the meat birds (DA, 2014).
Mollusk Shell
The Mollusk shell (Mollusca) is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses,
supports and protects the soft parts of an animal in the phylum Mollusca, which
includes snails, clams, tusk shells, and several other classes. Not all shelled mollusks live in the
sea; many live on the land and in freshwater (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusc_shell).
Figure 2. Mollusk Shells (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusc_shell)
Freshwater mollusks contributed 85,464 metric tons or 57% of the total inland municipal
fisheries production of the Philippines in 2000. The species made up of snails and clams are
gathered from inland water bodies as lakes, rivers and irrigation systems. While no statistics are
available to show the consumption volume of freshwater mollusks in the Filipino diet, it is believed
that they contribute significantly to the animal protein food resource of inland rural communities
in the country. Freshwater mollusks have been analyzed to have an edible portion of more than
50%, crude protein of 12.8%, fat content of 8% and carbohydrate content of 12.2%. The biology
of the indigenous freshwater snails, Pila luzonica and Vivipara angularis, and the freshwater clam,
Corbicula manillensis have been described in the literature. Notes on the pond culture of the
freshwater clam in the Cagayan River, Daliella subcrassa and the introduced freshwater mussel,
Cristaria plicata in Nueva Ecija and Laguna [Philippines], respectively, are available (Salamanca,
1996).
Sea Shells
A seashell is usually the exoskeleton of an invertebrate (an animal without a backbone),
and is typically composed of calcium carbonate or chitin. Most shells that are found on beaches
are the shells of marine mollusks, partly because these shells are usually made of calcium
carbonate, and endure better than shells made of chitin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seashell).
Figure 3. Seashells (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seashell)

With its thousands of reefs, islands, channels and different marine habitats, the Philippines
is considered a mecca for sea shell collectors. The Indo-Pacific region contain the world's most
diverse offering of shells and within this vast region the Philippines has greatest variety. The best
hunting grounds are said to be around the islands in the Sulu Sea and an area known as the Camotes
Sea off of Cebu (Paul Zahl Ph.D., 1969).
There are 12,000 or so species of seashells in the Philippines. Both the Tridacna gigas, one
of the world's largest shells, and Pisidum, the world's tiniest shell, can be found in Philippine
waters. Tridacna gigas grows as large as one meter in length and weighs 300 kilograms while
Pisidum is less than 1 millimeter long. Of the eight known species of giant clams in the world,
seven are found in the Philippines.
There are nutrients such as iron, vitamin E, vitamin A, omega 3, magnesium, potassium
that can be found in sea shells. According to Dr. Robert L. Taylor this nutrients can help to treat
some chicken diseases like Osteoporosis in laying hens which is a condition that involves the
progressive loss of structural bone during the laying period. This bone loss results in increased
bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture, with fracture incidences of up to 30% over the laying
period and depopulation not uncommon under commercial conditions. Sea shells have a lot content
of potassium substances will keep chickens’ bones healthy (Hatta, 2018).
Broiler Feeds
Poultry feed is food for farm poultry, including chickens, ducks, geese and other domestic birds.
As farming became more specialized, many farms kept flocks too large to be fed in this way, and
nutritionally complete poultry feed was developed.

Figure 4. Feeds (http://www.feedmillplant.com/blog/formula-for-making-broiler-feed.htmll)
Broilers are the most common poultry raised by humans, the formula for making broiler
feed chickens must contain high energy and protein, and add vitamins, minerals and trace elements
in a moderate amount. It is better to use different complete formula feed at different growth stages
of broiler chickens.
From chicks to chickens, broilers have different nutritional needs at different stages of
growth and development. According to the characteristics and nutritional requirements of each
growth stage of broiler chickens, modern breeding technology scientifically matches corn, soybean
meal, oil, vitamins, amino acids, minerals and other raw materials, providing a scientific feed
formula suitable for each stage, so as to provide material basis for the healthy and rapid growth of
broiler chickens. The substitution of less expensive local ingredients introduces additional
variations (http://www.feedmillplant.com/blog/formula-for-making-broiler-feed.html).
Chapter III
Methodology
A total of 30 Chicks will be bought from trusted seller, 15 chicks will be fed commercial
starter, grower and finisher feeds while the other 15 baby chicks will be fed commercial starter,
grower feeds, and fresh water mollusk shells as finisher feeds. The chicks will be placed on a cage
with a dim light as an artificial for hens until 2 weeks of their age.
The broilers will be fed starter mash from the time they are one day old to 16 days old. The
approximate feed consumption for the broilers will vary between 600g to 800g per bird.
When the chickens reach the age of 17 days old to 30 days old, the broiler grower mash
will be fed to them. The broiler grower feed is in pellet form. The feed consumption per bird will
approximately be 1.5kg.
Broiler Finisher Feed Formulation
Freshwater Mollusk Shell Finisher Feed Formulation

Ingredients Quantity(kg/20kg)
Maize(Yellow Corn) 12.89
Soya Meal 3.71
Groundnut Cake 1.4
Brewer’s Dried Grain 1
Bone Meal 400g
Freshwater Mollusk Shell 250g
Broiler Premix 0.25
Salt 100g
Total 20
Table 1. Ingredients and their correct proportion in formulating Freshwater
mollusk shell broiler’s finisher feeds

Commercial Broiler Finisher Feed Formulation
Ingredients Quantity(kg/20kg)
Maize(Yellow Corn) 12.89
Soya Meal 3.71
Groundnut Cake 1.4
Brewer’s Dried Grain 1
Bone Meal 400g
Freshwater Mollusk Shell 250g
Broiler Premix 0.25
Salt 100g
Total 20
TTable 2. Ingredients and their correct proportion of commercial broiler finisher feeds
The grinded fresh water mollusk will be mixed with the ingredients that were showed on
the table 1 to be able to formulate the fresh water mollusk shells finisher broiler feed. On the other
hand, the grinded sea shells will be mixed with the ingredients that were also showed on the table
to be able to formulate another finisher broiler feeds made with sea shells.
Feeding directions of broiler finisher feed formula
These will be fed to broilers starting with the 30th day and continuing until the broilers are
at market weight. No other grains or supplements are essential, other than free-choice access to
grit need to constantly be offered. Supply tidy, fresh water together with sufficient space area at
all times. For best results, sufficient feeder area and water should be supplied.
GANTT CHART OF ACTIVITIES
3rd Quarter and 4th Quarter SY 2019-2020 (December, 2019- February, 2020)
Freshwater Mollusks shells as an alternative to Sea shells in the production of Broiler
Finisher Feeds
TIME FRAME
3rd Quarter 4th Quarter

ACTIVITIES
(SY 2019-2020) (SY 2019-2020)
December January February
Checking and approval of the study

Identifying the suitable place
for establishment of the project
Documentation of the activities
Cage preparation
Buying of Broiler Chicks
Monitoring of weight
Harvesting of Broiler chickens
Comparing weight of broiler chickens

/Definition of Terms
Phylum Mollusca - Many organisms belonging to this phylum have a calciferous shell. The bodies
are generally very soft and are covered by the hard exoskeleton. They can be found in terrestrial
regions as well as in the depths of the seas.
Stygobite species - These are separate from species that mainly live in above-ground habitats but
are also able to live underground
Antacid- preventing or correcting acidity, especially in the stomach.
Broiler feeds – feeds or foods for a young chicken suitable for roasting, grilling, or barbecuing.
LITERATURE CITED
Freshwater mollusks.
http://community.worldheritage.org/articles/eng/Freshwater_mollusc?fbclid=IwAR2Y5ZQtvGL
dPa_XQ4zzcNtqq_VFVtETR5y8aSNoBtNdJc3H-HvMGyGX0CQ
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/freshwater-molluscs
Sea shell.
https://biologydictionary.net/seashell/?fbclid=IwAR1I13kgRI9FubXAfqo5KstlvBtecaFazyxaTG
qxCM9scdC4_63ms2Mlc3w
Calcium Carbonate.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/160108200944.htm
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601032.html
Phylum Mollusca
https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/animal-kingdom/phylum-mollusca/
Stygobite Species
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_troglobites
Mollusk meaning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusc_shell
Mollusk in Philippines
http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2003001074
Sea Shells
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seashell
Seashells in Philippines
http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Philippines/sub5_6h/entry-3930.html
Broiler meaning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broiler
Broiler industry in Philippines
https://balinkbayan.gov.ph/159-chicken-broiler-production.html#cultural-management

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Sagaba, Sto.

Domingo, Nueva Ecija

FRESHWATER MOLLUSKS SHELLS AS AN ALTERNATIVE

TO SEA SHELLS IN THE PRODUCTION OF

BROILER FINISHER FEEDS

PETER BEN J. CABINIAN

PATRICIA MARIELLE S. HIERCO

TRISHA JOCEL M. CASTILLO

JOHN ARKIEL J. ANDRES

BENEDICT CYRELL D. GLORIA

MRS. EDITHA SEBASTIAN

TO SEA SHELLS IN THE PRODUCTION OF

BROILER FINISHER FEEDS

A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF JULIA ORTIZ LUIS NATIONAL

HIGH SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN

Peter Ben J. Cabinian

EDITHA D. SEBASTIAN Ph.D JULIAN MACADAMIA

Date Signed Date Signed

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements in Research II.

Production of Broiler Finisher Feeds.

Adviser: Mrs. Editha D. Sebastian Ph.D

Consultant: Mr. Julian C. Macadamia

Achievements/ Extracurricular activities/ Individual and Group

Achievements/ Extracurricular activities/ Individual and Group (inside the school):

Organizations (include the position):

Achievements/ Extracurricular activities/ Individual and Group (inside the school):

Organizations (include the position):

Achievements/ Extracurricular activities/ Individual and Group (inside the school):

Organizations (include the position):

Achievements/ Extracurricular activities/ Individual and Group (inside the school):

Organizations (include the position):

Achievements/ Extracurricular activities/ Individual and Group (inside the school):

Organizations (include the position):

Achievements/ Extracurricular activities/ Individual and Group (inside the school):

Organizations (include the position):

Achievements/ Extracurricular activities/ Individual and Group (inside the school):

Organizations (include the position):

The Problem and Review of Literature

64.94 million birds in 2018 to 68.97 million birds in 2019.

comprised of calcium carbonate and a small quantity of protein.

rare in nature (Hasse et al. 2000, Meldrum 2003).

sea shells in the production of broiler feeds.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following problems:

1. What is/are the mineral content of the freshwater mollusk shells? ;

Assumptions of the Study

Hypotheses of the Study

The following are tested:

determined by using _____ method.

fresh water mollusks shells.

Significance of the Study

mollusks shells that normally goes to waste.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study was conducted from November 2019 to January 2020.

Figure 1. Broiler Chicken (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broiler)

destructive poultry diseases and parasites cannot be ignored (DA, 2014).

The Mollusk shell (Mollusca) is typically a calcareous exoskeleton which encloses,

sea; many live on the land and in freshwater (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusc_shell).

Figure 2. Mollusk Shells (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mollusc_shell)

A seashell is usually the exoskeleton of an invertebrate (an animal without a backbone),

carbonate, and endure better than shells made of chitin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seashell).

Figure 3. Seashells (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seashell)

Sea off of Cebu (Paul Zahl Ph.D., 1969).