International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology

ICECA 2017

Real Time Embedded System For Accident

Prevention
Ancy John Asst.Prof.Nishanth P.R
Department of Electronics and Communication Department of Electronics and Communication
Saintgits College of Engineering Saintgits College of Engineering
Kottayam, India Kottayam, India
ancy.j@saintgits.org nishanth.pr@saintgits.org

Abstract—This paper presents autonomous accident
prevention with security enabling techniques, speed control and
accident detection system .The main objective is to design an
Atmega328P controller to monitor the zones, which can run on
an embedded system and to automatically locate the site of
accident and alert concerned people. It should be done
automatically as the person involved in the accident may not be
in a circumstance to send the information [7].The proposed
system is composed of two separate design units: transmitter unit
and receiver unit .Just before the vehicle is in the transmitter
zone, the vehicle speed is controlled by receiving the signal from
the RF transmitter. For this, RF transmitter can be kept at a few
meters before the zone. Security system includes alcohol sensor,
eye sensor and smoke sensor. Accident detection system
comprises of GPS and GSM in cell phones [13].As collision
occurs, piezoelectric sensor will detect the signal and sends it to
ATmega328P microcontroller [6].Then, the GPS available in the
smart phone will start communicate with the satellite and get the
latitude and longitude values and name of place of accident will
be send to the previously set phone numbers of relatives,
ambulance services etc [5].
Technology” [16] describes about Cruise control system (CC)
and Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) which have already been
developed to avoid accidents. Cruise control system is capable
of maintaining pre-defined speed. Adaptive Cruise Control
(ACC) which keeps the vehicle at pre-defined distance from
the preceding vehicle. But these systems are not able to reduce
the vehicle speed automatically if driver doesn’t respond [16].
“Alcohol detection and accident prevention of
vehicle” [17] describes about an alcohol detecting sensor in
vehicle which senses and detects alcohol gases and sends
messages continuously to the relatives within every five
minutes.
III.BLOCK DIAGRAM
A. Transmitter Design

Keywords—RF transmitter and receiver,Atmega328P

controller,GPS(Global Positioning System),GSM(Global System for
Mobile Communication),alcohol sensor,eye sensor,smoke sensor. U-turn zone 20 km signboard

I. INTRODUCTION
According to a news report, eighty percentages of road
accidents are caused by human error. Based on the report of
2006 and 2012 statistics, collected from 178 participating
countries, globally over 1.2 million people die in road
accidents every year and 20-25 million people suffer non-fatal School zone 20km sign board
injuries. Pedestrians age above 65 are more than 5 times more
likely to die in accidents than pedestrians age 14 or less, and
the likelihood of death increases steadily for ages in between
.For vehicle which travels at speeds above 45mph,pedestrians
above age 65 die in about 5 of 8 accidents[13]. The main
motive behind this paper is to reduce these reckless accidents
for which we propose a system that controls the speed of the
vehicle without any inconvenience to the driver. There are
College zone 20km signboard
circumstances where the speed of the automobile is beyond
Figure. 1. Transmitter design
the expected speed limit or the driver does not obey traffic
signals. Therefore we are using RF technology. Transmitter module is placed in the specific zone.
Transmitter and receiver both operate at a frequency of 430
II. LITERATURE SURVEY MHz .Transmitter receives data serially and sends the data to
“Review of automatic speed control of vehicle using RFID the receiver continuously [1].Fig. 1 is the transmitter design.

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 International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology
ICECA 2017

B. Receiver Design [Prototype]
Fig. 2.shows the receiver design prototype. The Radio
Frequency (RF) module consists of RF transmitter and RF
receiver. The RF module has an encoder in transmitter and
decoder in the receiver. The encoder is used for encoding the
parallel data for transmission while the reception is decoded
by decoder in the receiver. The RF receiver is connected with
ATmega328P microcontroller. The RF receiver will be always
in listening state, if it receives any signal of same frequency as
of receiver, it will automatically indicate the micro controller
which in turn reduces or limits the speed of the vehicle until
the vehicle leaves that particular zone. Passive tags would not
be feasible as it has a relatively less range thus we are using
active RF module TWS434 and RWS 434 for the proposed
system. This module has a range of 500 metres and this range
is enough for the real time speed control in roads [13].
Bluetooth
module
Module data is transmitted to the android mobile phone. Data
is transmitted to the RX pin of the mobile phone. Cell phone is
having both GPS and GSM in it. Accidents due to tilt of the
vehicle can also be detected with accelerometer sensor (tilt
meter) [10].adxl_335 is a small, low powered accelerometer
sensor used for tilt sensing applications [11].Tilt is measured
in all directions. For tilt measurement, adxl_335 accelerometer
sensor is used. Output of tilt sensor is given to ADC of the
microcontroller. Plus ten values to ADC or minus ten values to
ADC are set in the program. When tilt sensor is placed a value
is normally set and if value exceeds a particular limit, then it
indicates that an accident has occurred. Piezoelectric
transducer, (collision detection sensor) has very high DC
output impedance and can be modeled as a proportional
voltage source [9]. Piezosensor has high and low voltages
only. If an accident has occurred, it will go high and the GPS
becomes active. Value is given to a comparator for comparing.
If value is greater, accident has occurred. If the output
obtained is low, mono stable triggers it, and gets the output as
high and the accident is detected. If an accident has occurred
GPS value coming to arduino to the Rx.There is a power
supply unit which gives +5V supply.LM7805 voltage
regulator regulates the voltage.
U6
LM7812/TO 12V
J1
1 3 CON17
VIN VOUT

GN D
ATmega328P C9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
C

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
D3

2
J9 +5V

1
1N4007_2 R9 CON1
3
2 +5V J5
U5
1
U4
LM7805 33k

14

15

16
CON3 D6 1 3 HT12D
2 1 VIN VOUT

OSC 2

OSC 1
DIN
C2

GN D
1N4007 C8 CAP
C 18 9
2 VDD VSS

D 11
D 10
D9
D8

VT
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
+5V
J90
CON6
12V

13
12
11
10

17
Smoke

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
J13 +5V

2 5 4
16

1 +5V GND

sensor
8

U7
ST AT E

3 2
VC C 2
VC C 1

CON2 6 1Y 1A 7
RX

EN
TX

11 2Y 2A 10
14 3Y 3A 15 +5V
21

14
15
16
17
18
19
4Y 4A
Fig. 2.Receiver Design
1
2
3

1 +5V

(SS)PB2
(I C P)PB0
(OC 1)PB1

(SC K)PB5
(M OSI )PB3
(M I SO)PB4
AR EF

J14 1,2EN 9
3,4EN
2 2 +5V
L293
1 3 PD0/RXD

From this, the accident in school and college zone will get
GN D
GN D
GN D
GN D

4 PD1/TXD 20 R8
CON2 5 (INT0)PD2 AVCC 7
+5V 6 (INT1)PD3 ATMEGA328P U1 VCC 10 K
LS1
reduced. The three main steps are identifying the accident, (T0)PD4
12
13

11 1 SW12
5
4

(AD C 5)PC 5
(AD C 4)PC 4
(AD C 3)PC 3
(AD C 2)PC 2
(AD C 1)PC 1
(AD C 0)PC 0

1 12 (T1)PD5 RST
13 (AIN0)PD6

locating the position and transmitting the information for help. J6 (AIN1)PD7
XT AL2

XT AL1
AGN D

2 SW PUSHBUTTON
GN D

BUZZER CON4

There are certain parameters that change during accidents R10

1

1
2
3
4

28
27
26
25
24
23

22

10

Q1 2
8

which can be detected using sensors that measure these

BC547

J10 R
3

changing parameters .The position of the accident is located 2

1 3
K1
4
J11
1
+5V

R2
C6
18 pF
18 pF
J7
using Bluetooth module and android mobile phones.GPS data 12V
CON2 1
2
5 2
CON2
R
CON4 C5

as it is freely available with the help of satellites, and this

1
2
3
4

J23
RELAY SPDT U24

information about the location of the vehicle is sent through +5V CON2
3

+5V +5V
R15 NE555
1

1
2

R26R25
Q

Q2 2 R16 8 1
the GSM network to the android phones [1].mit appinventer VCC GND C24
3

BC548 R14 R RESISTOR VAR

R 5
CV
software can be used for data sending to phone.
R J8 4
3

R 2 R
1 C
THR

2 +5V
DIS
TR

CON2
J12
IV. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
1

+5V U26A
2

3
3

2 LM358
8 4
+

1 +5V
Alcohol sensor, eye sensor and smoke sensor are connected
R24 C27

CON3

to the microcontroller. The RF receiver module consists of a R23 R C

1

decoder and a receiver. The Dout pin of encoder transmits the

R
data serially and wireless transmission occurs and receives at
the data pin of receiver which is connected to Din pin of the Fig. 3. Circuit Diagram
HT12D decoder. The serial data is converted into parallel data
and speed of the vehicle is reduced. From ATmega328P
connection goes to the blue tooth module. From Bluetooth

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 International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology
V. WORKING OF THE SYSTEM
Whenever a person sits in driver seat of a vehicle, the
system checks for following parameters with the driver. The
alcohol sensor - checks if the person has consumed alcohol or
not.MQ3 sensor is suitable for detecting alcohol concentration
from driver’s breath. It has high sensitivity and fast response
time. It provides an analog output based on alcohol
concentration [2].If a drunk driver tries to sit on a driver seat,
then the alcohol sensor MQ3 detects the presence of alcohol
and blow the buzzer and unless the alcoholic person is
replaced by a normal person, the vehicle wouldn’t ignite
[3].The eye sensor ensures that the person in driver seat does
not fall asleep. When the vehicle reaches the zone, it will
reduce the speed. If an accident has occurred, the piezoelectric
sensor provides a high value and it indicates the occurrence of
an accident [1].Location of motor cycle is acquired using the
Bluetooth module. It connects wirelessly to mobile phone.
When accident is occurred message will be displayed in the
android phones having GPS and GSM in it.GSM is a globally
accepted standard for digital mobile communication [4].
VI. SOFTWARES USED
Mainly I used three software’s for the implementation of
my project.
A. Arduino IDE
B. OrCAD
C.mit app inventor
A. Arduino IDE
The software consists of a standard programming
language compiler and a boot loader that executes on the
microcontroller, ATmega328P. The Arduino software
includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data
to be sent to and from the Arduino Uno board. The Arduino
software (Arduino IDE) includes a Wire library to simplify
use of the I2C bus. For Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
communication, use the SPI bus.
B. OrCAD
OrCAD is a software tool used for electronic design
automation (EDA).It is used to create electronic schematics
and electronic prints for manufacturing printed circuit boards.
OrCAD PCB designer consists of various automation features
for PCB design, board-level analysis and design rule checks
[12].
C. mit app inventor
App Inventor for Android was originally provided by
Google and now it is maintained by the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology. It is an open source web application.
It allows us to computer programming to create software
applications for the android operating system (OS).It allows
978-1-5090-5686-6/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE
ICECA 2017
users to drag-and-drop visual objects to create an application
that run on android devices [15].
VII. DESIGN PROCESS
The RF transmitter is used for the transmission of data at
the rate of 1 to 10 kbps .It will operate at a frequency range of
430 MHZ. RF transmitter is placed in specific zone and RF
receiver is placed in the vehicle. The RF receiver also works
with same frequency. The transmitted data which is sent by
RF transmitter is received by the receiver and is validated.
Piezoelectric sensor (vibration sensor) is connected to the port
A, which will provide analog value to the ADC port of
controller[1].
VIII. IMPLEMENTATION
Fig.4. Hardware result
IX. CONCLUSION
This project has been mainly designed in order to avoid
accidents. It can be utilized in special areas with sudden sharp
& high curved roads. Accidents are prevented in bridges and
Ghats sections. Thus speed of the vehicle in school, work
zones is reduced. Accidents due to over speed, drowsy and
drunken conditions of the driver are prevented. In heavy
traffic zone, speed is controlled automatically without the
interference of the driver. Thus we can reduce alcohol and
drowsy related road accidents [14].Thus we can bring down
the alarming rate of road accidents. Because of the flexibility
of the embedded system, this system is compatible to any type
of vehicle and is affordable to common man [8].
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I express my sincere gratitude to my guide, Er.Nishanth
P.R, Asst.Prof. Saintgits College of engineering and all other
faculties who give me suggestions to improve my project.
647
 International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology
ICECA 2017

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978-1-5090-5686-6/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 648