Subject: PMTP Date of Test: September 3
Immunology – provides testing and consultation on
CLINICAL LABORATORY
Intro to Classification of Clinical Laboratories
[Department of Health] Administrative Order no. 2007-
0027 – Revised Rules and Regulations Governing the
Licensure and Regulation of Clinical Laboratories in the
Philippines
 Prescribes a minimum standard for clinical
laboratories.
o Based on Ownership
1. Government – can be owned wholly or partially
2. Private – operated by an individual or a corporation
o Based on Function
1. Clinical Pathology – concerned with the diagnosis of
disease based on the analysis of bodily fluids
2. Anatomical Pathology – concerned with the diagnosis of
disease based on the examination of organs and tissues
2. Based on Institutional Character
1. Institution-Based – based in schools and hospitals
2. Freestanding – not part of a hospital based provider or
nursing facility (eg. Hi Precision)
3. Based on Service Capability
1. General Clinic Laboratory
2. Special Laboratory
Based on Function
1. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (Shortcut: CHMCI MICETT) – focused on
body fluids
1. Clinical Chemistry – concerned with quantitative analysis
of bodily fluids
2. Hematology – concerned with the study of diseases and
treatment relating to blood; performs blood counts
3. Microbiology – study and growth of microorganisms
(bacteria and viruses)
4. Clinical Microscopy - analysis of non-blood body fluids
such as urine, semen and stool
5.
autoimmune disease, immunodeficiencies,
immunoproliferative disorders, and allergies
6. Molecular Biology – analysis of the biological activity
between biomolecules
7. Immunohematology – division of hematology that
studies antigen-antibody reactions in the blood
8. Cytogenetics – tests for chromosome damage or
rearrangement in the tissue, blood, bone marrow etc.
9. Endocrinology – concerned with the diagnosis and
treatment of the endocrine system
10. Toxicology – studies the harmful effects of chemical
substances; utilizes drug tests or “tox screens”
11. Therapeutic drug monitoring – (TDM) clinical practice of
measuring specific drugs at designated intervals to
maintain a constant concentration in a patient's
bloodstream
2. ANATOMICAL PATHOLOGY (Shortcut: SICAFM) – focused on
tissues and organs
1. Surgical Pathology – study of tissue samples removed
during surgery
2. Immunohistopathology – analysis of antibodies in tissues
 FISH Technique (Fluorescent In Situ
Hybridization) -
3. Cytology – diagnosis by observing the structure of the cell
4. Autopsy – identifying the cause, mode, and manner of
death
5. Forensic Pathology – deals with the examination of
deceased individuals to determine the cause of death
6. Molecular Pathology – study and diagnose by
examination of molecules in the organs
 PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Technique –
Based on Service Capability
1. General Clinic Laboratory
 Primary Category – minimum of 10 sqm in floor
area
1. Routine hematology (CBC)
 2. Qualitative platelet determination NATIONAL REFERENCE LABORATORY
3. Routine urinalysis and fecalysis
3.1. Confirmatory testing
4. Blood typing – for hospital-based
3.2. Surveillance – for possible outbreaks
 Secondary Category – min. of 20 sqm in floor
3. Resolution of conflicting results
area
3.4. Training and research
1. Routine Clinical Chemistry
3.5. Evaluation of diagnostic kits and reagents
2. Quantitative platelet determination
Notable National Reference Laboratories
3. Cross matching – to test donor and
1. Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
patient blood for compatibility
 Responsible for checking
4. Gram staining - used to detect bacteria
o Malaria
or fungi in a sample taken from the site
1. Parasites
of a suspected infection (pus collection)
2. Dengue
5. KOH staining for fungal disease – placing
3. Blood donation
a skin scraping in KOH to identify fungal
o Viral diseases
infection
2. San Lazaro Hospital STD-AIDS Cooperative Center Laboratory
 Tertiary Category – min. of 60 sqm in floor area
(SACCL)
1. All secondary lab services
 Checks patients for
2. Special Chemistry (Cardiac markers)
o Hepatitis
 Cardiac markers – used to
o STDs
measure and evaluate heart
3. East Avenue Medical Center
function
 Toxicology
3. Special Hematology (coagulation tests)
 Drug testing
4. Immunology/Serology (HIV, hepa
4. National Kidney and Transplant Institute
profile, tumor markers)
 Immunology
5. Microbiology – culture and sensitivity
 Coagulation
 Limited Service Capability
5. Lung Center of the Philippines
1. Dialysis centers
 Clinical Chemistry
2. Social hygiene clinics – HIV testing,
Satellite Testing Sites
proper hygiene education etc.
 Testing site owned by a licensed laboratory but situated in a
2. Special Clinic Laboratory
location some distance from the main laboratory
 Assisted reproduction technology laboratory
Mobile Clinical Laboratories
 Molecular and cellular technology
 Laboratory testing unit
 Molecular pathology, forensic pathology, and
 moves from one testing site to another; has temporary testing
anatomic pathology laboratories
location
 shall have a base laboratory
 permitted to collect specimen ONLY
  operate within a 100km radius from its main lab

LABORATORY SECTIONS
Different Laboratory Sections
1. Specimen Processing – incoming specimen are sorted and
collected
2. Hematology Section
3. Coagulation Section
4. Clinical Microscopy
5. Parasitology
6. Clinical Chemistry
7. Clinical Microbiology
8. Immunology / Serology
 Serology Tests
o Pregnancy Tests – detects B-HCG
o Dengue Test
o HbsAg – for Hepatitis
o Bacterial Agglutination Test
a) Widal Test – Typhoid fever
b) Weil-Felix – non specific test for typhus
fever
9. Immunohematology / Blood Banking
10. Histopathology / Cytopathology

God Bless 1F!