Running Head: INDOOR AIR POLLUTION

The Impact of Indoor Pollution

[Name of the Student]

[Name of the Institute]

[Date]
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Table of Contents
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The Impact of Indoor Pollution

Causes of Problem

According to the Holgate (2016), the major causes of indoor pollution are heaters,

irritant chemicals from different cleaning products and boilers. These are includes the high

temperature in homes, toxic products, humidity and inadequate ventilation

Sources of air pollution in residential premises are the finishing materials that we use in

the repair. Vinyl wallpapers on the walls, linoleum covering the floor, parquet lacquer, oil paint,

ceiling polystyrene panels - all this turns the apartment into a real gas chamber.

A source of indoor air pollution can be too thorough cleaning of the premises using too

many household chemicals. Some of these products contain elevated levels of formaldehyde,

which are recognized as carcinogens, while others contain harmful chemicals. In some cases, it is

better to abandon these sources of indoor air pollution and use the old "grandfather" cleaning

methods without "chemistry".

Comment on the Actiology of Indoor Pollution

A person spends up to 80% of his time indoors and is forced to breathe with far from the

cleanest air. A huge number of microscopic particles of various origins, all kinds of harmful or

even poisonous impurities fly in the air of an enclosed space. The air in the room contains a huge

amount of dust, particles of hair and skin of animals and people, pollen of plants. Along with

dust, a person inhales dust mites, fungal spores, and microparticles that are harmful to health.
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Impact of Indoor Pollution on Body

Indoor air pollution causes noncommunicable diseases such as stroke, coronary heart

disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer.

Nearly half of pneumonia deaths in children under 5 years of age are caused by inhalation

of particles due to air pollution in households.

Using such cooking technology causes a high level of air pollution in households with

various harmful pollutants, including small burning particles that penetrate deep into the

lungs. In poorly ventilated residential areas, the concentration of fine particles in smoke can be

100 times higher than permissible levels. They are especially harmful to women and young

children, who spend most of their time at the hearth.

Due to indoor air pollution, the risk of childhood pneumonia is almost doubled. It also

causes 45% of deaths among children under 5 years of age. Residential air pollution can also

cause acute lower respiratory tract infections (pneumonia). 28% of adult deaths from pneumonia

occur for this reason.

12% of all deaths are caused by stroke due to daily exposure to household air pollution,

which increases as a result of cooking with solid fuels and kerosene.

Coronary artery disease

About 11% of all deaths from coronary heart disease, that is, more than 1 million

premature deaths per year, can be attributed to household air pollution.

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Factors acting as Stressors

In biology, stress is understood as the response of the biological system to extreme

environmental factors (stressors), which, depending on the strength, intensity, moment and

duration of exposure, can more or less strongly influence the system ( Goring , 1982). Under

natural conditions, organisms are often exposed to various biotic and abiotic stressors. Many

organisms have adapted to rhythmically repeating extreme environmental conditions, such as

cold, heat, drought, by periodically changing activity (hibernating or cryptobiosis), which makes

them resistant to the effects of stressors (stress tolerance).

Temperature

Cold (frost)

Heat

Hardening of lipids, denaturation of proteins, slowing down metabolic processes

(hardening and expansion of water).

Water

Dryness

Flooding

Dehydration, solute concentration

Hydration. Lack of oxygen

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Chemicals

Salt

Jonah

Lack of oxygen

SO 2

Oxidizing agents

Peroxyacetyl nitrate

Ion imbalance

Ion exchange

Redox potential reduction

The formation of sulfites, a decrease in redox potential.

Has the Response to the Air Pollution been Adequate and Appropriate?

he volatilization of formaldehyde in the room depends on the temperature and humidity,

houses completed in summer showed high concentrations and exceeded the guideline value in all

houses.
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How Exceptional was the Impact on the Health of Population

If there is no significant change in policy, then the total number of people deprived of

access to clean fuels and technologies will remain generally unchanged until 2030 (International

Energy Agency, 2017) (1), which will make implementation difficult The 2030 Agenda for

Sustainable Development.

 Fuel collection poses an increased risk of damage to the musculoskeletal system,

takes a lot of time from children and women, limits other productive activities (for example,

earning income) and forces children to drop out of school. In countries and areas of low security,

women and children are at increased risk of violence and injuries in the fuel collection process.

 Black carbon (burning particles) and methane, which are emitted during

combustion in inefficient stoves, are pollutants that have a powerful effect on climate change.

 Many fuels and technologies used by households for cooking, heating, and

lighting pose an increased safety risk. Kerosene poisoning is one of the most common types of

poisoning in childhood, and a significant proportion of all severe burns and injuries in low and

middle income countries is associated with what types of fuel and technology households use for

cooking, heating and / or lighting.

 Due to the lack of access to electricity, 1 billion people (many of whom are

therefore forced to use kerosene lamps for lighting), families are exposed to the smallest

particulate matter and other health risks such as burns, injuries and poisoning when swallowing

fuel, and also have limited access to other health and development opportunities, for example, to

study or engage in small-scale crafts or crafts that require proper lighting.

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Is there any existing guidance/regulation specific to the case?

WHO provides technical support to countries in conducting their own assessments and

scaling up the use of less harmful types of household fuels and technologies. WHO builds

capacity at country and regional levels to tackle indoor air pollution through direct consultations

and workshops on household energy and health. In addition, a Clean Household Energy

Solutions Toolkit is being developed to help implement the WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air

Quality. This toolkit contains a range of teaching aids designed to help countries identify

household energy and / or health actors,

Guidance on indoor air quality and domestic fuel use

To ensure healthy air in and around homes, the new WHO Guidelines for indoor air

quality and the use of household fuels include health recommendations for healthy fuels and

technologies, as well as strategies for their effective dissemination and implementation. The

Guide is based on the existing WHO Air Quality Guidelines, as well as the recently published

WHO Guidelines for the concentration of selected indoor pollutants.

Is there evidence of negligence?

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Could such a problem be prevented from happening?

Indoor air pollution and the risk of developing diseases associated with indoor air quality

can be reduced. Ventilation systems that offer such significant benefits as reducing symptoms

and eliminating harmful factors will help solve this problem.

Mechanical ventilation systems with heat recovery can replace stale air with fresh and

restore heat (which is lost when the room is ventilated). Often the premises cannot be regularly

ventilated. In such situations, the installation of a mechanical ventilation system with heat

recovery will help improve air quality, lower the humidity level in the room without losing heat,

and prevent indoor air pollution. Air is sucked through nozzles into air ducts passing inside walls

or on the ceiling, and then it is cleaned by filters and returned to the room.

The mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery in combination with the FITT Air

ducts, which have the SANITIZED antibacterial treatment, eliminates indoor air pollution and

thereby significantly improves our health.

What lessons could be learnt from this specific Case?

It is necessary to carefully monitor the serviceability of gas-powered appliances, stoves,

fireplaces, as they can be a source of carbon monoxide, causing a headache, impaired

vision. Faulty gas appliances during work can release nitrogen dioxide, irritating to the eyes,

nasopharynx, weakening the pulmonary system. Smokers are also a source of indoor air

pollution, so you need to ventilate the room in which you smoke even more often.
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Summary evaluation of findings ; Conclusions

To better assess the health risks from the effects of polluted air in homes and the

differentiated gender impact of energy sources in households, WHO leads the activities of

countries and survey institutions (such as DMSO USAID, OPIC UNICEF, World Bank ICJM),

which aims to improvement and harmonization of national population censuses and pilot

inclusion of issues in them.

These efforts will also provide a better reflection of information on all types of fuels and

technologies used in houses for cooking, heating and lighting, as well as other aspects, such as

the time taken to collect fuel, regardless of gender.

In addition, WHO supports international initiatives to reduce air pollution and health

effects, such as the Global Alliance for Green Cookers and the Coalition for Climate and Clean

Air.

 About 3 billion people use open fire or simple stoves operating on kerosene

or biomass (firewood, animal dung and agricultural waste) and coal for cooking.

 Each year, about 4 million people die prematurely from diseases associated

with air pollution in households as a result of cooking with simple solid fuel and kerosenea

stoves.