REVIEWER IN DISASTER READINESS RISK REDUCTION

Disaster - A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material,
economic, or environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope
using its own resources.

Impact of Disaster:
 Loss of lives
 Injuries
 Diseases
 Negative effects on human physical
 Mental and social well being
 Damage of properties
 Destruction of assets
 Loss of services
 Social and economic Disruption
 Environmental degradation.
Disaster described as result of the combination of:
 Exposure to a hazard
 The conditions of vulnerability
 Insufficient capacity

Hazard- is a situation or an occurrence with the capacity to bring damages to loves, properties, and the environment.

Types of Hazard
1. Natural Hazards- it is a pose threats or cause negative impacts to people and property.
Examples: typhoon, storm surge, flood, earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, red tide, pestilence and fire.
2. Human-made- It includes displacement due to development projects, environmental degradation, and industrial
technological hazards like leakage of toxic waste, oil spill, fish kills, chemical contamination, famine, drought, and flood.
3. Socio-natural Hazards or combination- Flooding and drought can fall under this category if these are due to
deforestation. Illegal logging aggravates the impact of typhoon and flash floods.

Vulnerability- A set of prevailing or consequential conditions, which adversely affect the community’s ability to prevent,
mitigate, prepare for and respond to hazardous events. Ex. Poor building construction, inadequate protection of assets,
lack of public awareness and preparedness measures.
 Most Vulnerable sectors- Community members which capabilities is low and not sufficient to overcome the
damage and the effects of disaster. Example: Farmers, urban poor, laborers, indigenous people, persons with
disabilities (PWD’s), women and children
 Less Vulnerable Sectors- Community members whose capabilities start from their own ability; skills and
trainings and position and the society their role is to extend assistance and to support to the vulnerable sectors.
Examples: professionals, small entrepreneurs, and others similar to higher levels in the society.
 Not Vulnerable Sectors- Sectors in the society with high position in the community.
Categories of Vulnerabilities: According to Anderson and Woodrow (1990).
 Physical/ Material Vulnerability- Poor people who have few physical and material resources.
 Social /Organization Vulnerability- People who are in marginalized in social, economic or political terms.
 Attitudinal/Motivational Vulnerability- People who have low confidence in their ability to affect change or who
have ‘’lost heart”.
Capacity- According to UNISDR (2009).It refers to all the strengths, attributes and resources available within a
community, organization, or society that can be used to achieve an agreed goal.”
Capacity Assessment- refers to the process whereby “people identify resources they rely on in times of crisis to reduce
the damaging effects of hazards.
HAZARD ASSESSMENT- It is a behavior, substance, condition, or combination of these that can cause injury or illness to
people, or damage to property. An assessment is the process of identifying hazards so they can be eliminated or
controlled.
Disaster Risk- also known as probability of harmful consequences and it is a chance or likelihood of suffering harm and
loss as a result of a hazardous event.

I. HYDRO METEOROLOGICAL (“hydor” - water)(“meteoros” - sky) Hazards-

A. Cyclone – a kind of hazard that forms in the northern hemisphere due to a phenomenon characaterized by
very low pressure.
3 Classifications of tropical cyclone:
 Tropical Depression- which moves 65 kph- 64kph
"Cherish your visions and your dreams, as they are the children of your soul, the blueprints of your ultimate achievements"
Napoleon Hill
 REVIEWER IN DISASTER READINESS RISK REDUCTION
 Tropical storm- moves from 64 kph- 118 kph
 Typhoon- exceeds the wind movement of 118 kph
B. Typhoon- is a low pressure area or a tropical cyclone that is large and violent.

C. Thunderstorm- is a weather condition generally characterized by heavy rain characterized by thunder and lightning
and possibly a tornado.

D. Flood- a generally referred to as the running and overlaying of water on land that is not ordinarily covered by it. Flash
Floods- are also caused by heavy precipitation in a short period of time, usually less than 6 hours.

E. Storm surge- generally described as the “masses of water that are pushed toward the shore by meteorological
forces.

F. Landslide- a massive outward and downward movement of slope forming materials. It refers to the movements of
rocks and soil masses.

G. La Niña– characterized by unusually cold ocean temperature in the equilateral Pacific & El Niño- characterized by
unusually warm temperatures in the equatorial Pacific.

II. GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

A. Earthquake- earthquake is a feeble shaking to violent trembling of the ground produced by the sudden displacement
of rocks or rock materials below the earth’s surface.
There are two types:
 Tectonic earthquakes are those generated by the sudden displacement along faults in the solid and
rigid layer of the earth.
 Volcanic earthquakes -Earthquakes induced by rising lava or magma beneath active volcano.

B. Tsunami- a sea waves resulting from the disturbance of ocean floor by an earthquake.

C. Volcanic Eruption- happen when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent.

Types of Volcanic Hazards

 Lava Flows are stream-like flows of incandescent molten rock erupted from a crater or fissure.
 Ash fall or tephra fall - are showers of airborne fine- to coarse-grained volcanic particles that fallout from the
plumes of a volcanic eruption; ash fall distribution/ dispersal is dependent on prevailing wind direction.
 Lahars - are rapidly flowing thick mixture of volcanic sediments (from the pyroclastic materials) and water,
usually triggered by intense rainfall during typhoons, monsoons and thunderstorms.
 Volcanic gases- gases and aerosols released into the atmosphere, which include water vapor, hydrogen sulfide,
sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen fluoride.
III. OTHER RELATED GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS

A. Rainfall-induced landslide- is a kind of hazard that occurs in many places in the world.
B. Sinkhole- is also known as “wallet snake hole” and it is a natural hole on the Earth’s surface.

"Cherish your visions and your dreams, as they are the children of your soul, the blueprints of your ultimate achievements"
Napoleon Hill