CHAPTER 1

PROBLEM AND IT’S BACKGROUND

This chapter consists of introduction, background of the study, theoretical

framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance of

the study, and definition of terms.

Introduction

The quality of education depends on school facilities and instructional material. It

is the process of students learning. The quality of a school’s environment and its

facilities has a strong influence on students’ learning. Besides regular use in organizing

and managing a school’s activities, records of a school’s physical facilities and material

resources such as furniture and equipment can provide data to derive many indicators

for assessing the quality of education in a school. School facilities can actually have a

substantive impact on learning process. School facilities can be defined as those things

that enable the teacher to do his/her work very well and helping the learners to learn

effectively. School facilities serve as places of learning for children and are proven to

have significant effect on education outcomes especially in developing countries. The

term school facilities refer to the following attributes of a school’s physical environment:

the location, size, capacity, condition of each building; and the available utilities,

services and equipment. In the context of developing countries, the provision of

electricity and libraries to schools has shown to improve student productivity. The

provision of well-maintained classrooms, suitable classroom furniture, tap water and

toilets also positively correlated with better education outcomes.

 Some education resource studies have shown that there is a point of diminishing

returns in the production function for school resources where the relationship between

education resources and academic achievements is stronger in senior high school.

Management and maintenance of education facilities require significant investment, and

thus the primary focus can be given to school building specifications that contribute to

learning. The effect of each aspect of the school facility on academic achievement might

vary depending on the social infrastructure (e.g. income and occupation levels) and

economic infrastructure (e.g. water supply, electricity, transportation and

telecommunications networks, sanitation) of the school. It appears that the physical

facilities in the school setting go a long way to motivate students to learn. Physical

facilities in any school system range from the school plant, that is the school buildings,

classroom, library, laboratories, toilet facilities, learning materials to other infrastructures

that would likely motivate students towards learning.

Background of the Study

Schools are established for the purpose of teaching and learning, it is also more

important that the teachers and learners are easily accommodated to facilitate the

teaching and learning that go on there. This is the essence of the school facilities [Alimi

2004]. Therefore school facilities are the space interpretation and physical expression of

the school curriculum.

The researchers conducted this study entitled “Facilities and Equipment to the

Efficiency and Productivity of Senior High School” of Liceo de Cavinti. This study is to

know the efficiency and productivity of the facilities and equipment that provided to
students. Researchers have found most schools lack of facilities in the form of

infrastructure, laboratories, and instructional space. More than half do not have

sufficiently flexible instructional space for effective teaching to take place. Facility is an

important predictor of teacher retention and student learning. The physical and

emotional health of students and teachers depend on the quality of the physical

location, which makes establishing safe, healthy buildings essential.

Theoretical Framework

Selected theories are hereby summarized as these helped the proponents to

visualize the concepts from which this study was made possible.

The quality level of school facilities influences the quality of learning environment.

Numerous factors with respect to facilities, such as the age of the facility, the thermal

atmosphere, the ventilation, the acoustical environment, the amount and type of

lightning found in classrooms, the cleanliness and maintenance of the facility, the

availability of technology, and sufficient instructional materials and resources shortly will

give the affect the adequacy of learning environment (Morris Jr., 2003).

A theory was advanced, learning are very significant to the efficiency and

productivity of facilities and equipment at Liceo de Cavinti. The foregoing theory

provided insight for the proponents to design a conceptual framework and references

needed in the resolution of the basic problems in this study.

Conceptual Framework

The Conceptual Framework of the study is shown in the form of a Research

Paradigm as reflected in figure 1 below.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Efficient
a. Availability
And
b.Effectiveness
Productivity
c. Usefulness

Statement of the Problem

This study attempts to document the effects of facilities and equipment

encountered by Senior High School students on their efficiency and productivity.

1. What are the facilities and equipment set by DepEd for the schools

operation?

2. Which of these facilities and equipment as present in the respondents

school?

3. What is the relationship of facilities and equipment to the efficiency and

productivity?
Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the facilities and equipment to the

efficiency and productivity of Senior High School students.

There is significant relationship between the facilities and equipment to the

efficiency and productivity of Senior High School students.

Significance of the Study

The researchers aimed to develop this study which will benefits the following:

Students

It can affect health, behavior, engagement, learning, and growth in achievement.

Teachers

It can affect teacher recruitment, retention, commitment, and effort.

Other Researchers

This study also serves as references materials and guide for another researcher

by providing information.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is for the benefits of the students and teacher at Liceo De Cavinti.

This research is to define the efficiency and productivity of the facilities and

equipment of the school. However, is assessing the level of acceptability of the said
study called “Facilities and Equipment to the Efficiency and Productivity of Senior High

School” rating issued to the thirty (30) student of Senior High School.

Definition of Terms

For the better understanding of this study, the following terms are operationally

defined:

Availability. The quality of being able to be used or obtained.

Effectiveness. The degree to which something is successful in producing a

desired result; success.

Efficiency. The state or quality of being efficient, or able to accomplish

something with the least waste of time and effort; competency in performance.

Productivity. The effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as

measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input

Usefulness. The quality or state of being useful.