ST.

VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO

Mamatid, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel. No.: (049) 502-2353

Entrance Examination with Course Recommendation

Chapter II

Related Literature & Studies

Foreign Literature

According to some research, the origin of taking examination started in China was the
first country in the world that implemented a nationwide standardized test, which was
called imperial examination. The main purpose of this examination was to select
qualified candidates for specific governmental positions. Steven Johnson (2009) says that
the computer is the revolutionary technology that affected many facets of our lives
including the schooling of the students. And having entrance examination that is
computerized will be a good help for the examiners and examinees for it will lessen the
time of taking examination. Many schools that conduct examination are using manual
based system up to present. In managing their system, they have encountered
difficulties and problems. The differences between Imperial examination of china and
the proposed study is that the imperial examination main purpose was to select a
qualified candidates for specific governmental positions in Chinese government while
the proposed study is that the incoming freshmen students were able to take
examination fast and quickly know the result with corresponding course
recommendation which is based on their examination results. The similarity between
the studies is that it serves as a resource of learning.

Local Literature

According to Aquino (2005), importance of Computer application is increasing day by

day. In the latest decades of the millennium winning organization are those which are
willing to integrate business strategy and computer information technology in plying
their respective trades. The use of computer information technology results for them to
be able to develop products fast and make decisions fast, ability to fluid organization
structures, able to cope with the demanding work force and external environment by
the rapid development of innovative approaches and lastly using information system
confirms the company’s missing visions.
 ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
Mamatid, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel. No.: (049) 502-2353

The transformation of manual entrance examination to automated is one example of

what has driven partly by rapid technological innovation. Any ways just to make work
easier and faster like examination processing possible with emergence of computer
technologies.

A computerize entrance examination system has featured that meet most of academic
system’s needs and requirements.

Foreign Study

As stated by Maseleno, Andino et al (2017) Combing the Previous Measure of

Evidence to Educational Entrance Examination. Educational entrance examination refers
to the extent in selecting the student to enroll through admission into educational
institution. It has an entire procedure administered to achieve from primary to higher
education. However, not many researches were conducted using mathematical theory of
evidence. The differences between Combining the Previous Measure of Evidence to
Educational Entrance Examination and the proposed study is that the Combining the
Previous Measure of Evidence to Educational Entrance Examination is they use a
mathematical theory of evidence to develop the assessment of the students entrance
examination and displaying the result of identification process while the proposed study
is used National Career Assessment Examination related questions that will helps the
incoming freshmen to know their skills and to know the course that they are going to
take. Basically, it aims to determine the learner’s ability and occupational interest on any
College Courses. The similarity between the two studies is that they used the results of
students in taking entrance examination.

Moreover, Adebayo, Olawele et al (2014) E-Exams System for Nigerian Universities with
Emphasis on Security and Result Integrity. The recent employment and eventual
widespread acceptance of electronic test in examining students and various classes in
Nigeria has created a significant impact in the trends of educational history in the
country. In this paper, we examined the impacts, associated challenges and security
lapses of the existing electronic-examination system with the aim of ameliorating and
developing a new acceptable e-Exam system that takes care of the existing systems
 ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
Mamatid, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel. No.: (049) 502-2353

challenges and security lapses. Six Universities that are already conducting e-
Examination were selected across the country for this research work. The differences
between E-Exams System for Nigerian University and the proposed study is that the E-
Exam System for Nigerian University is that they emphasis the security lapses and the
integrity of the examination results of the existing system while in the proposed study is
the main focus is to have a course recommendation for the examinees to select
according to their examination results. The similarity between the two studies is they
used modernize entrance examination to lessen the time consuming in taking exam.

Laborda, Garcia et al (2014) Mobile Phones for Spain’s University Entrance

Examination Language Test. Few tests were delivered using mobile phones a few years
ago, but the flexibility and capability of these devices make them valuable tools even for
high stakes testing. This paper addresses research done through the PAULEX (2007-2010)
and OPENPAU (2012-2014) research projects at the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
and Universidad de Alcalá (Spain) to provide a powerful but low cost delivery system for
the foreign language paper of the Spanish College Entrance Examination (henceforth
PAU). The first project, PAULEX, intended to create a robust mobile platform for language
testing while the second, OPENPAU, examined the specific applications of ubiquitous
devices to create more dynamic forms of assessment. This paper focuses on the
projects' design, testing theory, and technical evolution including visual ergonomics. The
differences between Spain’s University Entrance Examination Language Test and
proposed study is that the Spain’s University Entrance Examination Language Test used
to demonstrate the technical and instructional feasibility of mobile-based formal
assessment that aligns student needs with the kind of inferences that the mobile based
language test should provide academic authorities while the proposed study is used only
the standardized computer system of the school to held the entrance examination. The
similarity between the studies is that it serves as sources of learning.

Therefore, Chen You (2016) Research on the Challenges and Countermeasures of

High School Politics Teaching in the New College Entrance Examination Reform. On
September 4, 2014, the state issued an implementation opinion on the reform of the
admissions system for examinations. The Ministry of Education subsequently issued a
 ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
Mamatid, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel. No.: (049) 502-2353

series of supporting plans for the reform of college entrance examinations. A new round
of college entrance examination reforms officially entered the historical stage. The
reform has undergone changes in terms of examination subject settings, examination
content and form, and college admissions. Facing the new round of college entrance
examination reform, for the teaching of politics in high school, it is not only a rare
opportunity to seek development, but also a challenge facing great difficulties. Combing
the changes of the new plan for the senior high school politics class, studying the current
situation and existing problems of the senior high school politics class, summing up the
advantages and disadvantages of the senior high school politics class teaching in the new
college entrance examination, and putting forward suggestions and countermeasures
are the starting point and destination of the research in this paper. From the emergence
to the development of the college entrance examination system, the country has been
continuously exploring and improving the reform of the college entrance examination.
The difference between the Research on the Challenges and Countermeasures of High
School Politics Teaching in the New College Entrance Examination Reform and the
proposed study is that they promoted the development of the country and society,
improved the comprehensive literacy of individual citizens, and are of irreplaceable
importance significance. This study focuses on freshening the policy changes of the
college entrance examination reform to the political disciplines. From the aspects of the
teaching process and teaching effectiveness of the political lessons, as well as political
teachers and political disciplines, this paper explores the impact of the policy
adjustments of the new college entrance examination reforms on the politics teaching of
the senior middle school while the proposed study focuses to the effectiveness and
efficient of the entrance examination with course recommendation that will help the
incoming freshmen college students to determine their desire courses. The similarity
between the two studies is they want to develop and change the traditional way of
entrance examination.

Amoh-Aboagye et al (2019) Secured Online Entrance Exam System for Matured

Applicants (Research Design and Implementation) - Case Study of Presbyterian
University College, Ghana. Secured Online Entrance Exam System is an information
system which is used to prepare exam for applicants who are writing the entrance exam,
so that they can take the exam online at their convenient locations, save the time that
will take to check the paper and prepare mark sheets. The system is not just be an
ordinary web system but a very secured one because all activities done during the test
 ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
Mamatid, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel. No.: (049) 502-2353

or the examination is monitored/ proctored and can tell where candidates tried to seek
external online sources for answers and it also ensures Confidentiality, Integrity,
Availability and Non-Repudiation (C.I.A.N.); which is the standard model for
implementing security in an information system. The information system is a web based
application which was written with HTML5 for the frontend, PHP and SQL for the
backend. The research design for this project was qualitative. Data gathered was done
using interviews and prototyping. In order to realize the goals and objectives set for the
system, a critical study and feasibility analysis was made on the existing system (old
system) so that setting up of the entrance examination is made faster, easier, efficient
and less costly using this project. The differences between Secured Online Entrance
Exam System for Matured Applicants and proposed study is that the Secured Online
Entrance Exam System in Ghana used online website to access the entrance examination
and its secured while the proposed study is not an online based system. The similarity
between the two studies is that they both used html5 for the frontend, php and sql for
the backend of the system.

Local Study

According to Inero Ancho and Saehoon Park (2011) College Admission

Examination of Philippines’ Public and Private High Schools. This study is an exploratory
study on the first-rate admission rate of public and private high school students in
university entrance examination in the Philippines. The study also attempted to identify
the differences between the two countries by comparing the differences in the
admission rates of graduates of public and private high schools in admissions to Seoul
National University in Korea. The major findings of this study are as follows: First, both
countries showed a high rate of admission to first-class universities by private high
school graduates. Second, in the case of the Philippines, despite giving 5% incentives to
public school graduates in the admissions process, they are falling behind private school
graduates, requiring more active alternative measures for equal opportunity for
education. Third, in Korea, high school enrollment rates for private school graduates,
which require a lot of mathematics, were high. It is raising the gap between the rich and
the poor in college entrance. The difference between College Admission Examination of
Philippines Public and Private High Schools and proposed study is that the College
Examination of Philippines Public and Private High Schools aims to identify the
 ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
Mamatid, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel. No.: (049) 502-2353

differences between Philippines and South Korea admissions while the proposed study
aims to have a computerized entrance examination with course recommendation.

As stated by Bitanga Mary Jane (2018) Assessing the Computerized Entrance

Examination System Using Wetherbe’s PIECES Framework. This study aimed to assess the
entrance examination process of Isabela State University (ISU), a Higher Education
Institution (HEI) in the Philippines which aspires to change the paper-and-pencil
entrance examination into a computer-based testing using Wetherbe’s PIECES
framework. A devised survey form was used as a tool to gather and determine problems
of administering the paper-and-pencil test. The data disclosed by the respondents in the
survey form served as a basis to develop a computerized entrance examination system
for the said university. Electronic exams which are perceived as “state-of-the-art” are
way better than standardized and traditional paper-and-pencil exams. The difference
between the Assessing the Computerized Entrance Examination System and the
proposed study is that the Assessing the Computerized Entrance Examination System
aims to assess the entrance examination using wetherbe’s pieces framework which is a
checklist for identifying problems with an existing information system. What makes it so
unique is that it can be applied to analysis at multiple levels to deliver different results
while the proposed study is used national career assessment examination to determine
student’s academic performance, occupational interest and aptitude in NCAE and
ascertain predictors of their performance. The similarity between the two study is these
will helpful to the curriculum makers in designing curricular offerings for the students.

Napoleon Hermoso (2014) Web-based College Admission Test. Admission test is

considered to be the most important part in the operations of the college or university.
Everything starts in the admitting of students. The same way, the proper way of
admitting the students will lead to the success of the student and also with the college
or university. Most colleges and universities consider applicants’ scores on college
admission tests when deciding whom to accept. These tests, also called college entrance
exams, are designed to measure students’ skills and help colleges evaluate how ready
students are for college-level work. Admission tests apply a common standard to
everyone. This helps colleges evaluate and compare the preparation of students who
graduated from different high schools. All schools do not offer the same academic
programs, learning environments or even expectations. Colleges look at test scores,
along with high school grades and courses, to see how well an applicant prepared
 ST. VINCENT COLLEGE OF CABUYAO
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Tel. No.: (049) 502-2353

college-level work. The importance of test scores in the admission process varies from
college to college and depends on an institution’s admission approach and policies. Each
college has its own policy. The difference between the Web-based College Admission
Test and the proposed study is that the Webbased College Admission Test used
standardized test scores while in the proposed study is based in NCAE test scores. The
similarity between of the two studies is they used web based system that will help the
students or examinees and even the school to have a fast and reliable automated
system.

Moreover, Mola Rojohnniel et al (2018) Career Tracking Examination System of

Incoming Senior High School Students Using Predictive Analysis. Career Tracking
Examination System for Incoming Senior High School Students of Trimex Colleges Using
Predictive Analytics is the proposed system that provides information about the school
and useful functionalities which could be a big help, especially for school matters. As a
whole system “Career Tracking Examination System for Incoming Senior High School
Students of Trimex Colleges Using Predictive Analytics”, it provides help for incoming
Senior high school students to take their entrance exam for Trimex online. Appreciate
that school and with innovative technology to be available to incoming senior high
student learning and innovative technologies. The differences between Carreer Tracking
and proposed study is that the Career Tracking Examination System of Incoming High
School Student Using Predictive Analysis is an online system which is possible chances of
cheating and hacking or network fluctuations during the exam while the proposed study
is computer based examination which is without internet is a software application that
allows conducting of the exam in a closed environment. You will not be able to access
any external pages or resources except the test. It’s more like an offline test on a
computer. It recovers the student answer if any unforeseen incidents would appear like
computer stops working. The similarity between the two studies is that they used
computerized system that both school and students are beneficial for its fast and reliable
process that will lessen the time consuming during the examination and for being eco-
friendly because it doesn’t need a lot of paper to consume.

Ramos, Ma. Cristina (2018) Correlation between Entrance Exam Scores (Stanine)
and Academic Performance. The study used the correlation research design to
determine the extent to which two factors are related, not the extent to which one
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Mamatid, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
Tel. No.: (049) 502-2353

factor causes changes in another factor. Respondents are first year to third year students
of school year 2015-2016. A total of 69 students who took the entrance examination and
enrolled under the Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSCS) program served as
the respondents of the study. The study used several variables such as the entrance
examination results (Stanine) and students' academic performance (final grade) in 25
BSCS professional courses. The difference between the Correlation between Entrance
Examination and Academic Performance and proposed study is that the Correlation
between Entrance Examination and Academic Performance aims to know the connection
of what the outcome of the entrance examination based on the academic performance
of the target students of this study. Freshmen applicants are given an entrance
examination to determine readiness for tertiary education in all fields. The result of the
test is a determining factor whether the applicant is accepted or not in the school or
program from which the applicant seeks admission. Schools may opt to use a
standardized test which may be purchased from an outside vendor or from a teacher-
made test which can be validated within by the officer in-charge. Academic achievement
represents performance outcomes that indicate the extent to which a person has
accomplished specific goals that were the focus of activities in instructional
environments, specifically in school, college, and university while in proposed study aims
to determine the incoming freshmen college students’ strength in different career fields
and what sort of courses they are best suited for. Like many standardized test, Entrance
Examination with Course recommendation also test vocational aptitude, occupational
preferences and entrepreneurial skills. It was developed to address the issue of
unemployed due to workers getting mismatched with the wrong career. The hope is that
by determining which courses they are ideally suited for. The similarity between the two
studies is that the main target of the study is for the incoming college students.