Internship Report

Carried out at
“Metering Protection System, L&T”

An Internship Report Submitted to

Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi,

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Submitted by
NAME USN
PUNITH M Y 4VM16EE050

Under the Guidance of

Internal Guide External Guide
Smt Kaveri K.B Mr. Sujit V
Associate professor Manager, MPS division
Department of electrical and electronics engineering L&T, Mysuru

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

VIDYA VIKAS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MYSURU – 570 028
2019-20
 VIDYA VIKAS INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
MYSURU-570 028

AFFILIATED TO VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELCTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the internship is carried out by Mr Punith M Y, bearing USN:4VM16EE050 in the department of

Electrical & Electronics Engineering from Vidya Vikas Institute Of Engineering And Technology submitted

in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

prescribed by the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2019-20. It is certified that all

suggestions recommended for Internal Evaluation have been incorporated in the report deposited in the

departmental library. The internship report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with

respect to Internship work prescribed for the said Degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Smt Kaveri K.B Dr. Surekha Manoj Dr. Ravishankar M
Associate Professor Professor & Head Principal

External Viva

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1.

2.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my gratitude to our beloved Chairman, Sri Vasu V and Secretary, Sri Kaveesh Gowda V for their
encouragement and support in all my Endeavours.

I am thankful to our Principal, Dr. Ravishankar M for his constant encouragement in every needed sphere.

I would like to express my deep indebtedness to Dr. Surekha Manoj, Professor and Head, Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering for her valuable suggestions and support throughout the course.

I express my deep sense of gratitude to our guide Smt Kaveri K.B, Associate Professor, Department of Electrical
and Electronics for her inspirational and dedicated guidance, valuable suggestions, sportive encouragement and
much needed support in every needed sphere. The environment of interactive study created by her helped me to
learn better and ask doubts, none of which went unanswered.

I sincerely thank all the Faculties of our department for their valuable suggestions extended throughout this work.

PUNITH M Y
 CONTENTS
COLLEGE CERTIFICATE I
INDUSTRY CERTIFICATE II
ACKNOWLEDGMENT III
CONTENTS IV
PREFACE V
ABSTRACT VI

Page No
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 01-05
1.1 Introduction to company
1.2 Vision
1.3 Mission
CHAPTER 2 ENERGY METER 06-15
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of energy meters
2.3 Process of manufacturing
2.4 Processing stages
CHAPTER 3 PROJECT ON SAFETY SCREENING 16-21
OF ENERGY METER
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Requirements
3.3 Design & Program
3.4 Implementation & Working
CONCLUSION 22

REFERENCES 23
PREFACE
Larsen & Toubro is a major technology, engineering, construction, manufacturing and financial
services conglomerate, with global operations. L&T addresses critical needs in key sectors -
Hydrocarbon, Infrastructure, Power, Process Industries and Defense - for customers in over 30
countries around the world.

L&T is engaged in core, high impact sectors of the economy and our integrated capabilities span the
entire spectrum of ‘design to deliver’. With 8 decades of a strong, customer focused approach and a
continuous quest for world-class quality, we have unmatched expertise across Technology,
Engineering, Construction, Infrastructure Projects and Manufacturing, and maintain a leadership in all
our major lines of business.

Every aspect of L&T's businesses is characterized by professionalism and high standards of corporate
governance. Sustainability is embedded into our long-term strategy for growth.
The Company’s manufacturing footprint extends across eight countries in addition to India. L&T has
several international offices and a supply chain that extends around the globe.

Dept. of EEE/VVIET, Mysuru/2019-20 V

ABSTRACT
The internship report in broad-spectrum contains the information about the Energy meters information
and manufacturing process of Energy meters at L&T. Here I am trying to explain my one-month
experience of working in LARSEN & TOUBRO company. This includes the company background
including its history, vision and mission.
An Electricity meter, electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric
energy consumed by a residence or industries or an electrically powered device. Electric utilities use
electric meters installed at customers premises for billing purposes.
When energy savings during certain periods are desired, some meters may measure demand, the
maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows electric rates to be changed
during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in
some areas meters have relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods.
Large commercial and industrial premises may use electronic meters which record power usage in
blocks of half an hour or less. This is because most electricity grids have demand surges throughout
the day, and the power company may wish to give price incentives to large customers to reduce demand
at these times. These demand surges often correspond to meal times or, famously, to advertisements
interrupting popular television programmes.
In this report I am trying to explain how the Energy or Electric meters are manufactured and how the
overall process takes place in different stages. And finally delivered to the consumer. And also includes
the different types of energy meters and features of the different residential and commercial meters.
the process of manufacturing of energy meter, depending upon their requirements like power supply.
In conclusion, the internship exercise was mainly to enable acquire practical skills and link theory to
practice in the real world so as to meet the labour market needs. We have been able to acquire practical
skills on production of meters. And also the reference from which we have taken many information
regarding to meters and process to make this overall program happens.

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY

Figure 1.1: Company logo

Larsen & Toubro Limited, commonly known as L&T, is one of the larges Indian multi-
national firm headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was founded by two Danish engineers
taking refuge in India. Company has business interests in engineering, construction, manufacturing
goods, information technology, and financial services, and has offices worldwide. Larsen & Toubro
originated from a company founded in 1938 in Mumbai by two Danish engineers, Henning Holck-
Larsen and Søren Kristian Toubro. The company began as a representative of Danish manufacturers of dairy
equipment. However, with the start of the Second World War in 1939 and the resulting restriction on imports,
the partners started a small workshop to undertake jobs and provide service facilities. Germany's invasion of
Denmark in 1940 stopped supplies of Danish products. The war-time need to repair and refit ships offered L&T
an opportunity, and led to the formation of a new company, Hilda Ltd, to handle these operations. L&T also
started to repair and fabricate ships signaling the expansion of the company. The sudden internment of German
engineers in British India (due to suspicions caused by the Second World War), who were to put up a soda
ash plant for the Tata's, gave L&T a chance to enter the field of installation.

In 1944, ECC was incorporated by the partners; the company at this time was focused on construction
projects (Presently, ECC is the construction division of L&T). L&T began several foreign
collaborations. By 1945, the company represented British manufacturers of equipment used to
manufacture products such as hydrogenated oils, biscuits, soaps and glass.

In 1945, the company signed an agreement with Caterpillar Tractor Company, USA, for marketing earth
moving equipment. At the end of the war, large numbers of war-surplus Caterpillar equipment were
available at attractive prices, but the finances required were beyond the capacity of the

partners. This prompted them to raise additional equity capital, and on 7 February 1946, Larsen &
Toubro Private Limited was incorporated.

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After India's independence in 1947, L&T set up offices in Calcutta (now Kolkata), Madras
(now Chennai) and New Delhi. In 1948, 55 acres of undeveloped marsh and jungle was acquired
in Powai, Mumbai. A previously uninhabitable swamp subsequently became the site of its main
manufacturing hub. In December 1950, L&T became a public company with a paid-up capital of ₹20
lakhs (US$29,000).

The sales turnover in that year was ₹1.09 crore (US$160,000). In 1956, a major part of the company's
Mumbai office moved to ICI House in Ballard Estate, which would later be purchased by the company
and renamed as L&T House, its present headquarters.[8]

During the 1960s, ventures included UTMAL (set up in 1960), Audco India Limited (1961), Eutectic
Welding Alloys (1962) and TENGL (1963).

Figure 1.2: L&T branch in Mysuru

The above picture shows the L&T branch in Mysuru. Where the electrical meters are manufactured and
delivered. This branch has METERING PROTECTION SYSTEM and TRIVECTOR METER
manufacturing. Beginning with the import of machinery from Europe, L&T took on engineering and
construction assignments of increasing sophistication. Today, the company sets engineering benchmarks
in terms of scale and complexity.

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Awards and Recognition

In 1997, the Bengaluru Works division was awarded the "Best of all" Rajiv Gandhi National Quality
Award. In 2014 Larsen & Toubro ranked 500 on Forbes list of 2000 world’s largest and most powerful
public companies based on revenues, profits, assets and market value. 54 Indian companies made it to
the prestigious list, and L&T is the highest-ranked company in the engineering and construction section
and 10th among all Indian public and private sectors.

According to the Brand Trust Report 2012 published by Trust Research Advisory, a brand analytics’
company, L&T was positioned 47th among India's most trusted brands. Subsequently, in Brand Trust
Report 2013, L&T was ranked 127th among the most trusted brands in India while according to
the Brand Trust Report 2014, L&T was elevated to the 38th position among India's most trusted brands.

In 2013, L&T Power received 'Golden Peacock National Quality Award – 2012' at the 23rd World
Congress on 'Leadership & Quality of Governance'.

In 2012, Forbes ranked L&T as 9th most innovative company in the world. L&T was also featured in
the Forbes Asia's annual 'Fabulous 50' list in 2010, for the fifth time in a row.

In 2012, L&T was ranked 4th by Newsweek in the global list of green companies in the industrial sector.

In 2013 the Harvard Business Review named L&T's Executive Chairman, A M Naik, as the 32nd Best
Performing CEO in the world.

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1.1 VISION

Figure 1.3: Vision of L&T

L&T shall be a professionally–managed Indian multinational, committed to total customer Satisfaction

and enhancing shareholder value.

L&T-ites shall be an innovative, entrepreneurial and empowered team constantly creating value and
attending global bench mark.

L&T shall foster a culture of caring, trust and continuous learning while meeting expectations of employs
stakeholders and society.

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1.2 MISSION

Figure 1.4: Mission of L&T

Be responsive to customer needs, delivering optimal solutions and value-added services.

Ensure sustainable growth and professional excellence using state-of-the-art technology, process-driven
approaches, eco-friendly solutions and IT enabled tools.
Foster a culture of mutual trust, respect, teamwork, continuous learning, innovation, challenge and
employee empowerment to provide a growth-oriented workplace .
Adhere to fair, transparent and ethical practices in interactions with all stakeholders, in keeping the tenets
of good corporate citizenship.
Remain flexible and agile, continually adapting to the changing business environment.

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CHAPTER 2

ENERGY METERS

2.1 INTRODUCTION

An Electricity meter, electric meter or energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electric
energy consumed by a residence or industries or an electrically powered device. Electric utilities use
electric meters installed at customers premises for billing purposes.

Energy meters or Electric meters

The present system of energy metering as well as billing in India uses Electromechanical and somewhere
digital energy meter. One of the prime reasons is the traditional billing system which is inaccurate.
Many times slow, costly and lack in flexibility as well as reliability.

Today accuracy in electric billing is high recommended. The smart energy meter gives real power
consumption as well as accurate billing. It provides real time monitoring of electric uses. It is less time
consuming and cost effective. Figure 2.1. shows the different types of energy or electric meters. Which
are manufactured at L&T unit Mysuru. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common
one being the kilowatt hour (kWh).They are usually read once each billing period.

Figure 2.1: Different types of Electrical Meters.

L&T is a leading player in the electricity metering segment in India. Having entered the market in the
early 90s on the strength of its indigenously designed single phase and poly-phase meters, it has over a
decade’s experience in design, manufacturing and supply of electronic electricity meters to Indian
utilities.
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2.2 TYPES OF ENERGY METERS

Residential Meters

1: single phase meter

This compact EM101+ single phase meter fits snugly into any meter box. The bright back-lit display
ensures ease of reading. Figure 2.2. shows a single-phase energy meter which is commonly used in
residence.

Figure 2.2: Single phase meter

Features:

• Class 1 accuracy as per IS and IEC standards.

• Forward energy recording irrespective of current direction.
• Reset backups.
• Multi-tariff / Time of the Day metering.
• High surge withstand capability.
• Load Survey (Interval Data).
• Anti-tamper features.
• Optical port/RS 232 port/Low Power Radio (optional).

Dimensions:
• 174 H × 141 B × 74 D mm

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Commercial and Industrial Meters

1: Three phase Trivector meter

Figure 2.3: Three phase trivector meter

The 3 Phase CT Operated Trivector Meter is designed for metering of HT/LT consumers
and for feeders. The meter has advanced data and tamper recording capabilities and is
provided with communication ports.
Software is available for data collection, load survey analysis and energy management applications.
Figure 2.3. shows the three phase trivector meter which is commonly used in industries. This meter can
be interfaced to a variety of communication devices.

Features
• Class 0.2s, 0.5s, 1.0 as per relevant IS and IEC Standards.
• 1A and 5A current rating.
• 3 Phase 4 Wire/3 Phase 3 Wire system.
• Anti-tamper features.
• Self-diagnostic capability.
• Multiple tariff / Time of day feature.
• Up to 3 Maximum Demand registers.
• Optical port/RS 232/RS485 (optional).

Dimensions
327× 187 B × 104 D mm.

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 2: Three phase ABT meter

Figure 2.4: three phase ABT meter

L&T’s high accuracy availability based tariff (ABT) meters provide a flexible solution for energy
monitoring and billing bulk inter utility power flows. Figure 2.4. shows the tree phase ABT meter which
is another type of commercial and Industrail meter.

Features:

• Class 0.2s accuracy

• 3 Phase 4 Wire
• Conforms to IEC and IS standards
• 15-minute block average for frequency and energy
• Frequency coding for billing
• Separate reactive energy registers linked to supply voltage
• Midnight storage of energies
• Load Survey
• Optical port/RS 485 communication (optional)

Dimensions:

• 327 H x 167 B x 104 D mm

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2.3 PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
Introduction
Process of manufacturing is a stage which comes after the boards are arrived. Here the overall process
takes place in different stages of manufacturing. And then finally it is supplied to consumer. Different
units in L&T are there to carry out the manufacture process.

Unit details
Electrical & Electronics Division (EBG) is one of the divisions of L&T that combines Electrical &
Electronics based businesses into one efficient unit. This division is engaged in the business areas of
Switchgear Products, Metering & Protection Systems, Medical Equipment, Petroleum Dispensing
Pumps and Control & automation systems.

Metering and Protection Systems (MPS) Division MPS is market leader in Electronic Programmable
Trivector Meters-a critical and indispensable product for all industrial and power utilities. MPS's
metering solutions don't just dry up with the industrial segment but also extend to the domestic energy
metering, by virtue of its Static 1 Phase and 3 Phase Energy Meters. This meters work in extreme
climates ranging from the coldest places like Himachal Pradesh to torrid places like Rajasthan. The
Electronic programmable trivector meters (TVM) & energy meters satisfy the stringent requirements of
the standards like CBIP 88, IS 14697, IS 13779, IEC 61036.

2.4 PROCESSING STAGES

Energy meter is basically an assembly of electrical and mechanical components. The design of energy
meter depends upon which rating of current and voltage upon meter has to work. The components like
potential coils and current coils are to be designed in accordance with customer's requirements. Other
components like magnets, terminals, Disc and reading registration mechanism are to be designed
accordingly.

All these components fixed in housing and connection to be made as per circuit designed. Every step
needs to be checked, electrical parameters before sub assembly. Complete assembly put on testing bench
for final testing to set accuracy of the meter. In this bench we have to set power factor frequency, current
ratings and speed of rotating disc. When every electrical parameter is checked than meter is to be sent
for despatch and ready to install in the customer's premises.

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The different stages of manufacturing are:

• CALIBRATION

• ASSEMBLY

• QUALITY CHECKING

• PACKAGING

• CUSTOMER DISPATCH

Calibration

The calibration assures that the measurement errors can be kept within the desired limits. By the
regular calibration at RISE the stability of the meter can be monitored closely. Figure 2.5. shows a zig
where meters are placed and connected with a system to perform calibration.

The normal calibration method is to generate the desired power levels, and to compare the measured
energy of the unit under test with the power measured by a reference system, usually by comparing the
frequency of pulse outputs. For this purpose, RISE has reference systems with uncertainty level down
to below 0.01 %.

The application may be one-phase or poly-phase and for low or high power factors. The frequency is
normally 50 Hz but may be varied from 16.7 Hz to 400 Hz.

Figure 2.5: Calibration

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Assembly

Energy meter is basically an assembly of electrical and mechanical components. The design of energy
meter depends upon which rating of current and voltage upon meter has to work. The components like
potential coils and current coils are to be designed in accordance with customer's requirements. Other
components like magnets, terminals, Disc and reading registration mechanism are to be designed
accordingly.

The Figure 2.6. shows the assembling process , All these components fixed in housing and connection
to be made as per circuit designed. Every step needs to be checked, electrical parameters before sub
assembly. Complete assembly put on testing bench for final testing to set accuracy of the meter. This
testing bench is very important equipment fully computerized. In this bench we have to set power factor
frequency, current ratings and speed of rotating disc. When every electrical parameter is checked than
meter is to be sent for despatch and ready to install in the customer's premises.

Figure 2.6 Assembling process

Figure 2.7 People working in assembling process

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Quality checking

Quality control is a process intended to ensure that product quality or performed service adheres to a
defined set of criteria or meets the requirements of the client. Through the quality control process, the
product quality will be maintained, and the manufacturing defects will be examined and refined.
Figure 2.8. shows the quality control process is divided into three separate processes, which are IQC
(incoming quality control), IPQC (in-process quality control) and OQC (outgoing quality control).

Figure 2.8: Quality checking process

IQC - Incoming Quality Control

Incoming quality control is the process to inspect the raw and component materials from suppliers upon
arrival. When detective parts are found, you need to negotiate with the supplier for return or exchange,
and the final purpose is to make sure your product quality will not be affected. Above is a sample
flowchart of the IQC process.

Figure 2.9: Quality checking process

IPQC - In-process Quality Control

IPQC refers to the quality control during the assembly process. It is very important because you can
detect and handle the problem that occurs ahead of time.

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OQC - Outgoing Quality Control

OQA is the inspection of products before shipping. It's a crucial step in ensuring the shipment is defect-
free.

Packaging

Packaging is the process of wrapping, compressing, filling or creating of goods for the purpose of
protection and their appropriate handling. This is the final process in the production of Energy meter,
which prepares the finished merchandise for delivery to the customer. It is an important part of the Meter
manufacturing process.
Figure 2.10. shows the meter packaging, it is also use to get lot of attention from the customer. These
operations come under the materials handling methods and are no less important than other systems used
in the factory. After completing the entire manufacturing task, apparel is required to be packed. After
packing, it is placed in Bins as per instructions and then it is stored in a store section before it is delivered
to the respective buyer.

Figure 2.10: Packaging

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Dispatching:

Figure 2.11. shows the dispatching of the product to the consumer. The release of orders and necessary
instructions according to pre-planned times and sequence of operations embodied in route sheets and
loading schedules.
In other words, once a job is in an area where an operation is to be performed, it has to be determined
when and by whom the job will be processed. The decision of assigning the various jobs to different
machines and equipment is called Dispatching.

Figure 2.11: Dispatching

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CHAPTER 3

PROJECT ON

“SAFETY SCREENING OF ENERGY METER”

3.1 INTRODUCTION
Infrared technology addresses a wide variety of wireless applications. The main areas are sensing and
remote controls. In the electromagnetic spectrum, the infrared portion is divided into three regions: near
infrared region, mid infrared region and far infrared region. The frequency range of infrared is higher
than microwave and lesser than visible light. For optical sensing and optical communication, photo
optics technologies are used in the near infrared region as the light is less complex than RF when
implemented as a source of signal. Optical wireless communication is done with IR data transmission
for short range applications. An infrared sensor emits or detects infrared radiation to sense its
surroundings. The basic concept of an Infrared Sensor which is used as Obstacle detector is to transmit
an infrared signal, this infrared signal bounces from the surface of an object and the signal is received at
the infrared receiver.

There are five basic elements used in a typical infrared detection system: an infrared source, a
transmission medium, optical component, infrared detectors or receivers and signal processing unit.
Infrared lasers and Infrared LED’s of specific wavelength can be used as infrared sources. The three
main types of media used for infrared transmission are vacuum, atmosphere and optical fibers. Optical
components are used to focus the infrared radiation or to limit the spectral response. Optical lenses made
of Quartz, Germanium and Silicon are used to focus the infrared radiation. Infrared receivers can be
photodiodes, phototransistors etc. some important specifications of infrared receivers are
photosensitivity, detectivity and noise equivalent power. Signal processing is done by amplifiers as the
output of infrared detector is very small.

In this project I am using the IR sensors for safety screen purpose. It helps in avoiding any type of contact
with high voltage systems. It also acts as a protecting device. The project I designed helps in obstacle
detection, when an obstacle comes between the IR sensors the circuit becomes open or else it remains
closed. These are very useful and can be implemented in industrial sectors which consist of high voltage
machines. Further enhancement can be made by improving the sensitivity of sensors which will improve
the range.
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3.2 REQUIREMENTS
Purpose
The software requirement specification is produced at the culmination of the analysis task. The function
and performance allocated to software as part of system engineering are refined by establishing a
complete information description as functional representation, a representation of system behaviour, an
indication of performance requirements and design constraints appropriate validation criteria.

Software Requirements
Operating System : Windows XP/7/8/10

Technology : Arduino 1.8.9

Language : C

Hardware Requirements
IR Sensor Module

IR Transmitter

Relay- 5V

Arduino uno Board

Jump wires

Battery- 9V

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3.3 DESIGN AND PROGRAM

Circuit Required:

Figure 3.1: IR Sensor Module

IR Sensor Module:
It consists of a IR receiver, IR transmitter, resistors, LM358, Potentiometer, If any object comes in front
of the module infrared rays emitted by the transmitter gets reflected by the object and sensed by IR
receiver and output signal is obtained.

Figure 3.2: IR Transmitter

IR Transmitter:
In the IR transmitter circuit I used a 690 ohm resistor, IR LED, battery. As we connect the circuit to the
battery, infrared rays are emitted from IR LED

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Program
int detected = 0; //creates a variable integer called detected=0

int prev_detected = 0; //creates a variable integer called prev_detected=0

void setup() {

for(int thisir=2; thisir<10; thisir++) //(initialization; condition; increment)

{ //statements

pinMode(thisir,INPUT); //set thisir as input

pinMode(13,OUTPUT); //set pin 13 as output

Serial.begin(9600); //use the serial port to print the number

void loop() {

detected = 0;

for(int thisir=2; thisir<10; thisir++) //(initialization; condition; increment)

{ //statements

if(digitalRead(thisir)==HIGH) // if thisir input pin is high

detected = 1; //if thisir input pin is high detected is made 1

if (detected == 1) //if detected=1

digitalWrite(13,HIGH); // pin 13 is made high

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 prev_detected = 1; // prev_detected is made equal to1

else

if(prev_detected == 1) //if prev_detected is = 1

delay(1000); //delay of 1ms is given

prev_detected = 0; //prev_detected is made 0

digitalWrite(13,LOW); // pin 13 becomes low

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3.4 IMPLEMENTATION AND WORKING
Implementation
IR receiver module is placed in parallel to IR transmitter these are mounted vertically on a base. IR
transmitter is connected to a 18v battery which will emit IR rays which will be received by the IR sensor
module. Output of the IR sensor module are connected to I/O pins of the Arduino board. Output from
Arduino is connected to a relay which acts as a switch as well as protective device.

Working
As an obstacle comes in between the IR transmitter and receiver, IR receiver module sends a high output
signal to the Arduino board which is given as input to Arduino board pins(2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) then Arduino
board gives an high output from the output pin(13). Which is given as input to the relay and relay acts
as open circuit.

If there is no obstacle between the IR transmitter and receiver, IR receiver module sends a low output
signal to the Arduino board which is given as input to Arduino board pins(2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) then Arduino
board gives an low output from the output pin(13). Which is given as input to the relay and relay acts as
closed circuit.

The supplied voltage and current for the operation of IR transmitter is 1.2v and 10mA respectively.

Observation

Case1: If any intruder try to enter the energy meter premises the supply to the board will automatically
cut off

Case2: After the given time delay the supply will be automatically restored if there is no obstacle
otherwise the supply will remain off

Case3: Even for a small piece of obstacle the device works

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CONCLUSION

As I have completed INTERNSHIP successfully at L&T Technologies, I have gained knowledge about
Electric Meter Production.
In the internship training I have learnt about Calibration, Assembling, Quality checking, Packing and
Dispatching. This helped me to gain knowledge about Industrial process. In the project, I have
developed protective device with the help of IR sensors which can be implemented in industries to
protect from high voltage devices, which acts as a safety screen. The main advantages of using IR sensor
are that they are capable of detecting motion in presence/absence of light almost with same reliability.
They do not require contact with object for detection. There is no leakage of data due to beam
directionality IR radiation. The battery used in infrared devices last for long duration due to lower power
consumption and also the sensor does not require any contact with the product to be sensed. The infrared
devices are more appropriate for targets which are close than 10mm.

I conclude that while undergoing internship training, the cooperation is found to be very well organised,
developed and most ideal industry in every walk of its production, administration and management
aspects. I could get an insight of processes from customer specification to final dispatch of the energy
Meters.

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REFERENCE

1. https://www.larsentoubro.com/corporate/about-lt-group/overview/
2. https://www.larsentoubro.com/corporate/about-lt-group/awards-recognition/
3. http://annualreview.larsentoubro.com
4. https://www.larsentoubro.com/corporate/about-lt-group/facilities/india/mysore-karnataka/

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