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Micro-Project Report on

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF AN INDUCTION MOTOR

Submitted to
MSBTE
In Partial Fulfilment of Requirement of Diploma of
Electrical Engineering
Under I Scheme
Submitted By – Roll No.
Mr. Hrishikesh G. Barve - 22
Mr. Suyash S. Sangelkar - 23
Ms..Vaishnavi V. Padave - 24

Under the Guidance of –

Prof. B. M. Patil

FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-21

YASHWANTRAO BHOSALE POLYTECHNIC, SAWANTADI

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that,

Mr. Hrishikesh G. Barve Roll No. - 22

Mr. Suyash S. Sangelkar Roll No. - 23
Ms. Vaishnavi V. Padave Roll No. - 24
Of Fourth semester of diploma in Electrical Engineering Of institute Yashwantrao Bhonsale
Polytechnic (1742) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in course of Electric Motors
& Transformers (22418) For the academic year 2020-21 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Subject Faculty HOD Principal

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that,

Mr/Ms………………………………………Roll No -…………………
Of Fourth semester of diploma in Electrical Engineering Of institute Yashwantrao Bhosale
Polytechnic (1742) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in course Electric Motors &
Transformers (22418) For the academic year 2020-21 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place - Enrolment No. -

Date - Exam seat No. -

Subject faculty HOD Principal

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 Acknowledgement

First I would like to take this opportunity to thank our Lecturer B. M. Patil sir for
guidance and advice on this project. At the same time I also wont forget my group members and
also colleagues to because they quiet good with sharing some of their information to complete
this second year project successfully.

I am very much thankful to principal Mr. G A Bhosale for the support and
encouragement. This work I complete with blessings of all my family members I express my
sincere gratitude towards them for their kind cooperation and encouragement which help me in
completion of this project. I would like to express my sincere thanks to all teaching and non-
teaching staff of department of electrical engineering. It was indeed a fabulous experience and
learning for me to work on this project.

Last but not the least I would like to thank all my friends and well-wishers who were
involve directly and non-directly in successful competition of the present work.

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 INDEX

SR NO. CONTENT PAGE NO .

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4

2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION 6

3 AIM OF THE PROJECT 11

4 COURSE OUTCOME 12

5 ACTUAL PROCEDURE 13

6 ACTUAL RESOURCES USED 14

7 OUTPUT OF THE PRJECT 15

8 SKILL DEVLPOED 16

9 CONCLUSION 17

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 Brief Description

Introduction to an Induction Motor -

An induction motor (also known as an asynchronous motor) is a commonly used AC
electric motor. In an induction motor, the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque is
obtained via electromagnetic induction from the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding.
The rotor of an induction motor can be a squirrel cage rotor or wound type rotor.
Induction motors are referred to as ‘asynchronous motors’ because they operate at a speed less
than their synchronous speed. So the first thing to understand is – what is synchronous speed?

Synchronous speed is the speed of rotation of the magnetic field in a rotary machine, and
it depends upon the frequency and number poles of the machine. The induction motor always
runs at speed less than its synchronous speed.
The rotating magnetic field produced in the stator will create flux in the rotor, hence
causing the rotor to rotate. Due to the lag between the flux current in the rotor and the flux
current in the stator, the rotor will never reach its rotating magnetic field speed (i.e. the
synchronous speed).
There are basically two types of induction motor. The types of induction motor depend
upon the input supply. There are single phase induction motors and three phase induction motors.
Single phase induction motors arenot a self-starting motor, and three phase induction motor are a
self-starting motor

Construction of Stator

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 The stator is built up of high-grade alloy steel laminations to reduce eddy current losses.
It has three main parts, namely the outer frame, the stator core, and a stator winding.
Outer frame
It is the outer body of the motor. Its main function is to support the stator core and to
protect the inner parts of the machine. For small machines, the outer frame is casted, but for the
large machine, it is fabricated. The figure below shows the stator construction.

The stator core is built of

high-grade silicon steel stampings. Its main function is to carry the alternating magnetic field
which produces hysteresis and eddy current losses. The stampings are fixed to the stator frame.
Each stamping is insulated from the other with a thin varnish layer. The thickness of the
stamping usually varies from 0.3 to 0.5 mm. Slots are punched on the inner side of the stampings
as shown in the figure below:

Construction of Rotor
The rotor is also built of thin laminations of the same material as the stator. The
laminated cylindrical core is mounted directly on the shaft. These laminations are slotted on the
outer side to receive the conductors. There are two types of rotors.

Squirrel Cage Rotor

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 A squirrel cage rotor consists of a laminated cylindrical core. The circular slots at the
outer periphery are semi-closed. Each slot contains an uninsulated bar conductor of aluminium or
copper. At the end of the rotor the conductors are short-circuited by a heavy ring of copper or
aluminium. The diagram of the cage rotor is shown below:

Phase Wound Rotor

The phase wound rotor is also called a Slip Ring Rotor. It consists of a cylindrical core
that is laminated. The outer periphery of the rotor has a semi-closed slot that carries 3 phase
insulated windings. The rotor windings are connected to the star.
The slip ring induction motor is shown in the figure below:

Working Principle of Induction Motor

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 We need to give double excitation to make a DC motor to rotate. In the DC motor, we
give one supply to the stator and another to the rotor through brush arrangement. But in
induction motor, we give only one supply, so it is interesting to know how an induction motor
works.
It is simple, from the name itself we can understand that here, the induction process is
involved. When we give the supply to the stator winding, a magnetic flux gets produced in the
stator due to the flow of current in the coil. The rotor winding is so arranged that each coil
becomes short-circuited.
The flux from the stator cuts the short-circuited coil in the rotor. As the rotor coils are
short-circuited, according to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, the current will start
flowing through the coil of the rotor. When the current through the rotor coils flows, another flux
gets generated in the rotor.
Now there are two fluxes, one is stator flux, and another is rotor flux. The rotor flux will
be lagging with respect to the stator flux. Because of that, the rotor will feel a torque which will
make the rotor to rotate in the direction of the rotating magnetic field. This is the working

Types of Induction Motors

The types of induction motors can be classified depending on whether they are a single phase or
three phase induction motor.

Single Phase Induction Motor

The types of single phase induction motors include:

1. Split Phase Induction Motor
2. Capacitor Start Induction Motor
3. Capacitor Start and Capacitor Run Induction Motor
4. Shaded Pole Induction Motor

Three Phase Induction Motor

The types of three phase induction motors include:
1. Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
2. Slip Ring Induction Motor

Induction motor self – Starting -

We have already mentioned above that the single-phase induction motor is not a self-starting
motor, and that the three-phase induction motor is self-starting. So what is a self-starting

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motor?When the motor starts running automatically without any external force applied to the
machine, then the motor is referred to as ‘self-starting’.
For example, we see that when we put on the switch the fan starts to rotate
automatically, so it is a self-starting machine.
Point to be noted that fan used in home appliances is a single-phase induction motor which is
inherently not self-starting. How? Does a question arise as to how it works? We will discuss it
now.
It has only one phase still it makes the rotor to rotate, so it is quite interesting. Before
that, we need to know why a single phase induction motor is not a self-starting motor and how
we overcome the problem. We know that the AC supply is a sinusoidal wave and it produces a
pulsating magnetic field in the uniformly distributed stator winding.
Since we can assume the pulsating magnetic field as two oppositely rotating magnetic
fields, there will be no resultant torque produced at the starting, and hence the motor does not
run. After giving the supply, if the rotor is made to rotate in either direction by an external force,
then the motor will start to run. We can solve this problem by making the stator winding into two
winding – one is the main winding, and another is auxiliary winding.
We connect one capacitor in series with the auxiliary winding. The capacitor will make a
phase difference when current flows through both coils. When there is a phase difference, the
rotor will generate a starting torque, and it will start to rotate.
Practically we can see that the fan does not rotate when the capacitor gets disconnected from the
motor, but if we rotate with the hand, it will start rotating. That is why we use a capacitor in the
single-phase induction motor.
Due to the various advantages of an induction motor, there is a wide range of applications
of an induction motor. One of their biggest advantages is their high efficiency – which can go as
high as 97%. The main disadvantage of an induction motor is that the speed of the motor varies
with the applied load.
The direction of rotation of induction motor can easily be changed by changing the phase
sequence of three-phase supply, i.e., if RYB is in a forward direction, the RBY will make the
motor to rotate in reverse direction. This is in the case of three phase motor, but in a single phase
motor, the direction can be reversed by reversing the capacitor terminals in the winding.

Applications of an induction Motor

1. Pumps.
2. Compressors.
3. Small fans.
4. Mixers.
5. Toys.
6. High speed vacuum cleaners.
7. Electric shavers.
8. Drilling machines.
Aim Of The Project
 To make the report on Working principle of Induction Motor
 To know about Working principle , and its Construction.

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 Know about its application area

Course Outcome
 Use different Electrical Motors
 Use DC Motors

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 Actual Procedure Followed
 We prepared plan for the making the report on this Project

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 Collected all the information about the Induction Motor and its working principle
 Took guidance from our subject teacher about the project
 Project name and some information labelled on the project
 Prepared the project report

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 Actual Resources Used
 Internet - https://circuitglobe.com/
https://www.electrical4u.com/induction-motor-types-of-induction-motor/

 Reference Book –
1. Electric motors and Transformers by B. H. Deshmukh.
2. Electric machines by Charlis A gross

Output Of The Project

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 In this project we learnt about Working principle of an Induction Motor, also its
Construction, Types , Different parts with its Applications , & Application Area
 Got a Information About AC machines
 Got a experience to work in team
 We get a knowledge about how to prepare the Project.

Skill Devloped

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 Project making skill
 Skills like presentation, Discipline
 Developing idea of the project
 Also skills about co-ordination , teamwork ,time management developed by performing
this project

Conclusion

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 Hereby are the presented our micro – project report on topic of Working principle of an
induction Motor which inspires us all and gives us a better inspiration . We all separated
the work in various part and distributed the work to all our group members and we tried
to do best for our micro- project of Working principle of an induction Motor
 This project is completed successfully as well even are all learned how important to move
in life with Teamwork it can change the life as miracle
 At the time of completion we have learnt many lessons such as Teamwork, Tolerance,
Consistency, Co- operation , patience and also learnt the importance of micro – project.
 We successfully completed this project because we not only gained theoretical
knowledge but also practical knowledge .

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