ELECTRIC MACHINES

EEE241
LAB Report#3

Name Hamza Rizwan Junaid Husnain Sajjid

Ahmed

Registration FA17-BEE-199 FA17-BEE- FA17-BEE-202

Number 200

Teacher Sir Imtiaz UR

Rehman

Date of Thursday,
Submission October 15,
2020
 Lab # 03: Series/Parallel Connections of Single-Phase
Transformer

Objectives
• To understand the effect on power output when the secondary windings are connected in
series
• To understand the effect on power output when the secondary windings are connected in
parallel

Pre Lab

Introduction
In lab 2, tests were carried out to find the ratio and polarity of a transformer. These tests and the
principals involved are applicable to power transformers which have two or more secondary’s of
the same voltage ratio. In this assignment, we will make use of the information obtained and
extend it to show that, by connecting the secondary’s in series or in parallel, we can change the
output voltages and currents.

The information gained from series or parallel connection of the secondary’s of a single
transformer also applies where two or more transformers of appropriate voltage ratio are
connected to a common power supply.
 Figure3. 1
Figure 3.1 shows the principle used in the tests which follow. If the two secondary windings are
to be connected in parallel, we must first ensure that they:

a) Have the same voltage ratio. Otherwise a circulating current will flow through the
windings, even if their polarities are the same.

b) Have the same polarity. This is essential to avoid the flow of a destructively heavy current
through the windings.

Both these requirements are met by an initial check on the voltage across the open ends of the
secondary windings when their other terminals are connected together. If this voltage is zero, the
two windings have the same voltage ratio and the same polarity.

In a transformer supplying industrial loads, e.g. motors, heaters etc.; two or more secondary’s
may be connected in series or in parallel to provide a range of voltage and current levels. A test
procedure similar to that given in this assignment is necessary to ensure correct polarity and to
check the final voltage and current on load so that the transformer output rating is not exceeded.

Pre Lab Tasks

(Attach extra A4 White page if needed)

1. Output windings of two transformers having equal voltage and current ratings are
connected in series. What would be the value of current which can safely pass through the
entire assembly?
Answer: The value of the current will be the same as the value of current rating of the
transformers assuming they are in phase.
2. Output windings of two transformers having equal voltage and current ratings are
connected in parallel. What would be the value of current which can safely pass through
the entire assembly?
Answer: The value of the current will be double of the current rating of the transformers
assuming they are in phase.

In Lab Tasks

Lab Task 1
1. Make all connections as shown in Figure 3.2.
2. If virtual instrumentation is being used, set the 250 V/500 V range switches for the V1
and V2 channels to ‘250 V’ on the Multichannel I/O Unit 68-500. This allows voltages of
up to 250 V to be monitored when the ‘500 V/250 V’ sockets are connected.
Additionally, set the 1 A/10 A range switch for I1 and I2 to ‘1 A’. This allows currents of
 up to 1 A to be monitored when the 10 A/1 A socket is connected or 200 mA to be
monitored when the 200 mA socket is connected.
3. On the Universal Power Supply 60-105, ensure the ‘variable output voltage’ control is set
to 0%.
4. Set the switches on the Resistance Load 67-142 to give a resistance of 182 Ω [All resistors
on] and check that the load switch on the Single Phase Transformer Unit is switched off.
5. Switch on the power supply, set the primary voltage to 230V using the ‘variable output
voltage’ control (read on virtual or conventional instrumentation).
6. Switch on the load switch on the Single Phase Transformer Unit and readjust the primary
voltage (V1) to read 230 V.
 Figure 3. 2
7. Record the corresponding values of primary current (I1), secondary voltage (V2) and
secondary current (I2) in a copy of Practical 3.1 Results Table.
8. Turn the ‘variable output voltage’ control to 0% on the Universal Power Supply 60-105
and then switch off the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’.

Practical 3.1 Results Table

Lab Task 2
1. On the Universal Power Supply 60-105, ensure the ‘variable output voltage’ control is set
to 0%.

2. If virtual instrumentation is being used, set the 250 V/500 V range switches for the V1
and V2 channels to ‘250 V’ on the Multichannel I/O Unit 68-500. This allows voltages of
up to 250 V to be monitored when the ‘500 V/250 V’ sockets are connected.
Additionally, set the 1 A/10 A range switch for I1 and I2 to ‘1 A’. This allows currents of
up to 1 A to be monitored when the 10 A/1 A socket is connected or 200 mA to be
monitored when the 200 mA socket is connected.

3. Make all connections as shown in Figure 3.3.

4. Set the switches on the Resistance Load 67-142 to give a resistance of 640 Ω [R1, R2 are
on, all the rest are off] and check that the load switch on the Single Phase Transformer
Unit is switched off.

5. Switch on the power supply, set the primary voltage to 230 V using the ‘variable output
voltage’ control (read on virtual or conventional instrumentation).

6. Switch on the load switch on the Single Phase Transformer Unit and readjust the primary
voltage (V1) to read 230 V.

7. Record the corresponding values of primary current (I1), secondary voltage (V2) and
secondary current (I2) in a copy of Practical 3.2 Results Table.

8. Turn the ‘variable output voltage’ control to 0% on the Universal Power Supply 60-105
and then switch off the ‘3 phase circuit breaker’.
 Figure 3. 3

Practical 3.2 Results Table

Critical Analysis/Conclusion
In this lab, the first task was to connect two transformers in parallel. We also
attached a load to the output and measured the primary voltage and current along
with secondary voltage and current. As the connection was parallel, the current of
both transformers added up while voltage remained same. In the second task, we
connected the same transformers in series and recorded the values of primary
voltage and current and secondary voltage and current. The results showed us that
if we connect two transformers in series, the voltage adds up while current
remains the same.

This phenomena is the same as connecting two batteries in series or parallel and
its effect on summation of voltage or current.