Subject: EE66 EE APPARATUS AND DEVICES Date Performed: OCT 25, 2022

Instructor: ENGR. NOVEAS EROISA Date Due: OCT 28, 2022

MEASURING THE TRANSFORMATION RATIO

TITLE

EXPERIMENT NO. 5

SUBMITTED BY:
BALTODANO, CHRISTIAN PAUL
TAGAYUNA, CHESTER JULES
OGUIMAS, MELVILLE JUNE
CANONIGO, ANGEL JUNE
BRETANIA, JOSUA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

College of Engineering
Central Mindanao University
Musuan, Bukidnon

1st Semester, SY 2022-2023

INTRODUCTION

The turn ratio of a transformer is the ratio of the number of turns in a higher voltage winding
to that in a lower voltage winding. Transformers are subject to mechanical impact and vibration.
Problems or faults occur due to poor design, assembly, handling, poor environments, overloading
or poor maintenance. Measuring the polarity and turn ratio of a transformer winding assures that
the connections are correct and there are no severe mismatches or opens. Many transformers
have taps built into them. These taps allow the ratio to be increased or decreased by fractions of a
percent. If any of the ratio changes involve a mechanical movement of a contact from one position
to another, these tap changes should also be checked during a ratio test. The voltage ratio of a
transformer is the ratio of the rms terminal voltage of a higher voltage winding to the rms terminal
voltage of a lower voltage winding under specified conditions of load (Ohlen & Werelius 2010).

Ohlen, M. & Werelius, P. (2010). A Guide to Transformer Ratio Measurements. Retrieved

from https://portalvhds963slh4m3fqg2.blob.core.windows.net/megger-products/Guide-to-
Transformer-Ratio-Testing_AG_EN_100118B.pdf

OBJECTIVES

- To Identify or verify the significant difference between the windings

- To measure the winding resistance
- To calculate the ratio of the winding using the recorded voltages

MATERIALS NEEDED
- 1 DL 10100 300VA 2x21V/2x12V Three Phase Transformer
- 1 DL 10065N Electrical Power Digital Measuring Unit
- 1 DL 10016 Power Supply Module
- 2 Multimeters
- Wire Cords

PROCEDURE

To begin the activity, wire cords have been prepared for connecting the modules
based on the circuit diagram provided. The two multimeters were used as a voltmeter,
which records the voltage being supplied to the lower side of the transformer from the
variable three phase output based on the values shown in the table. And, another
voltmeter, which measures the voltage of the higher side which corresponds to the voltage
values on the lower side. The circuit diagram indicates that the apparatus being measured
is a three-phase transformer with three armature windings. The two voltmeters were
connected in parallel with the windings.

The supply section has been prepared after the wire connections have been
completed. The supply module DL 10281 controls have been set to alternating current open
switch output with an excitation that can be controlled using the variator, which can be
rotated from fully counter-clockwise (zero position) to fully clockwise (maximum position).
The configuration was just the same with the previous activity which was to measure the
resistance windings of the transformer. The L+/L-terminals are connected to the low voltage
 winding. By turning the circuit breaker to "on," the supply module has been activated. The
values of the voltages of the High side winding through the voltmeter that was connected
onto it was being recorded in corresponds to the values of the voltage across low side
winding through the voltmeter connected onto it. The data was then recorded by adjusting
the knob to the current input value specified in the table.

The module has then been switched off by opening the circuit breaker. With using
the same procedure with the first phase (U1) of the transformer, the other phases (V1 and
W1) were being measured. After measuring all the three phases, the circuit breaker was
opened and the main supply module was turned off.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
LOW VOLTAGE SIDE HIGH VOLTAGE SIDE
(WYE-CONNECTED) (DELTA-CONNECTED)

VARIABLE
THREE
PHASE
SOURCE

50 V VOLTMETER 50 V VOLTMETER

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 When selecting an appropriate transformer for certain loads, a rigid selection is required
such that the rated parameter of the transformer matches with the load. For instance, if we aim to
supply a load with a voltage rating that is higher than the supply mains, then we would need a
step-up transformer such that it will raise the voltage from the supply mains, to the load for
successful operation. The amplification or reduction of the primary voltage depends on a factor
called a transformer ratio.
A transformer ratio determines whether the primary voltage is to be raised or lowered. From
the equation A = V1/V2, we see that the transformer ratio A is inversely proportional to the
secondary voltage. According to the data presented above, each phase is of proximity transformer
ratio with values ranging between 1.67 and 1.68. Since from the circuit diagram we know that this
3-phase is transformer is connected Delta-Wye (Delta – Low voltage winding, Wye – High Voltage
Winding), we therefore can infer that this is step-up transformer having a transformation ratio of
approximately 1.676.
Another implication is that, since the transformation ratio A is a factor that determines
whether VHV is to be raised or lowered: if transformation ratio A is less than 1 (A<1), the
transformer is a step-down transformer. In the same manner if A > 1, the primary voltage is being
raised in the secondary and hence a step-up transformer.

CONCLUSION
Based on the findings and discussions, it is clear that the amplification or reduction of the
primary voltage is determined by a factor known as a transformer ratio. It can be concluded that
when selecting an appropriate transformer for specific loads, a rigid selection is required so that
the transformer's rated parameter matches the load. A transformer ratio also determines whether
the primary voltage should be increased or decreased.