UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP

SYSTEM - DALTA
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

EE4126L
Distribution Systems and Substation
Design
A Y 2022 - 23_S1

Lab Report 3
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
AND CAPACITOR

Mohammed Salem Ahmed Barhoom

BSEE / 4TH Year
Instructor: EDUARD DARYLL TAN
Date submitted: December 15, 2022
Submitted by:
 PURPOSE
Understand voltage regulators and
capacitors used in electrical
engineering

SCOPE
The paper talks about the voltage
regulators and capacitors in
distribution systems.

REFERENCES
- Csanyi, E., (2017, December 01, 2017)
Voltage Regulators Used to Control the
Voltage at the end of a Distribution
Feeder, https://electrical-engineering-
portal.com/voltage-regulators
- Rexha, G., (April 2018) Use of capacitors
to regulate the voltage in the network,
Seminar Paper, University of Ljubljana,
DISCUSSION

Voltage regulators allow for the control

of voltage at the end of a distribution
feeder which is usually included in
voltage control equipment installed on
either the supply end or the load end of
the feeder. The feeder would usually have
off-load and on-load tap changing
transformers, booster transformers,
moving coil regulators, as well as
induction regulators. Current controlling
equipment on the other hand, which is
used to control power factor, makes use
of static or rotary capacitors. Although
in recent times, rotary capacitors are
rarely used in modern power systems.
Tap-changing transformers are created
for the sake of output voltage
adjustments just by mere switches
allowing one to increase or decrease
output voltage easily. Off-load tap
changers tend to not carry no current
when there is a voltage change while On-
load tap changers carry the full power
of the current. There are times where
there are voltage drops along the line
which is why a compensation called Line
Drop Compensation is implemented
allowing as a percent boost in voltage
depending on the value of the
transformer load.
TYPES OF VOLTAGE REGULATORS
Regulators are the simplest and most
common used method of boosting voltage
on distribution lines, where capacity is
not an issue, but there are huge
variations in voltage.
Boosters on the other hand is a less
common technique to make small
adjustments to line voltages by using
booster transformers using the in-phase
booster transformers or quadrature
booster transformers.
Power Factor Correction is another type
of voltage regulator but this one makes
use of capacitors instead to control the
power factor which also affects the
output voltage of a distribution line. As
seen from the characteristics of
capacitors, energy is not stored very long
and is just kept for roughly one-half
cycle before distributing it again back
to the system commonly seen when there is
an excess energy present in the motor
distributing the power while reducing any
kind of impact or damage it might have
to the generators or distribution ends
allowing the lines to carry real power
cleanly.
SUMMARY
Voltage Regulators are used primarily
to control the voltage at either ends of
the distribution line. The Voltage
Regulating Equipment tends to have off-
load and on-load tap changing
transformers, booster transformers,
moving coil regulators, and induction
regulators. The Voltage Regulator is also
given three types which are applied
depending on the location. The three
types are the common Regulator,
Boosters, and Power Factor Correction.
Compared to the first two types which
mainly uses transformers, the power
factor correction type uses capacitors to
control the power factor which also
affects the flow of voltage in the
distribution line.
CONCLUSION
Voltage regulators make use of
transformers to control the output
voltage found on either side of the
distribution line to allow for proper
control of the large distribution of
electricity or output voltage whereas
capacitors actually control and correct
power factor which also ends up
affecting the overall output voltage.

RECOMMENDATION
The researcher recommends that for this
topic, the other researchers should take
into consideration the field of the topic
as voltage regulators and capacitors
also exist for smaller scaled distribution
of voltage output and control
considering there are electronics related
projects that use such small-scaled
voltage regulators and capacitors.