REPORT ON MANIT

SUBSTATION

PREPARED BY- AMANDEEP KHERE

SUBMITTED TO- PROF. UJJWAL KALLA SIR
 CONTENTS

1. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM

2. SUBSTATION
3. TRANSFORMER
4. EQUIPMENTS
5. WORKING OF SUBSTATION
6. CONCLUSION
7. REFERENCES
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
 SUBSTATION

A substation is a part of an electrical generation,

transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform
voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of
several other important functions. Between the generating
station and consumer, electric power may flow through
several substations at different voltage levels. A substation
may include transformers to change voltage levels
between high transmission voltages and lower distribution
voltages, or at the interconnection of two different
transmission voltages. Electrical substations are the
interface between parts of the distribution grid and
transmission systems. These fenced off areas step down the
voltage in the transmission lines to one that is suitable for
the distribution grid.

Substations are not only used for power transfer, but also
for metering, balancing & safety purposes and thus they
are very important in a power system.
 TRANSFORMER

A transformer is a passive component that transfers

electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another
circuit, or multiple circuits. Transformers are used to
change AC voltage levels, such transformers being
termed step-up or step-down type to increase or
decrease voltage level, respectively.

Types of Transformers

Step up transformers:

Step up transformers convert the low voltage (LV) and high

current from the primary side of the transformer to the high
voltage (HV) and low current value on the secondary side
of the transformer.

Step down transformers:

Step down transformer converts the high voltage (HV) and

low current from the primary side of the transformer to the
low voltage (LV) and high current value on the secondary
side of the transformer.
 EQUIPMENTS

Surge Arrestor

• CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT)- A current transformer

(C.T.) is an instrument transformer which is used for the
protection and measurement purposes in a power
system. The C.T. is primarily used to measure high
alternating currents in a power system.
• POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER (PT)- A potntial transformer
or a voltage transformer is an instrument used for
measurement, metering, & protection of high voltages
in a power system.
• LIGHTNING ARRESTOR (LA)- Also known as Surge
arrestor, is an instrument used to earth unnecessary
surge.
• ISOLATOR- An isolator is a type of mechanical switch
that is used to electrically isolate electrical circuits
from current passing through them. Isolators are used
to locally power on and power off machinery when
needed for operation, fault finding, or maintenance
work.
 EQUIPMENTS

Bus Bar Chamber Insulator

• AIR BRAKE SWITCH- Air break switches are used to

isolate equipment for maintenance and also for
transfer of load from one bus to another.
• CIRCUIT BREAKER- A circuit breaker is an electrical
safety device designed to protect an electrical circuit
from damage caused by an overcurrent or short
circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow to
protect equipment and to prevent the risk of fire.
Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be
replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either
manually or automatically) to resume normal
operation. There are 3 types of circuit breakers-
Vacuum circuit breaker, oil circuit breaker & air circuit
breaker. We use VCB Vacuum Circuit Breaker in
MANIT.
• INSULATOR- The main function of an insulator is to
insulate live conductor or equipment at different
voltages with reference to the ground structures as
well as provide mechanical support. There are 3 types
of insulators, based on material- polymer insulator,
 EQUIPMENTS

glass insulator, & porcelain insulators. These insulators

are highly used in transmission lines, surge arrestors,
CT/PT, transformers etc. They can also be classified as-
suspension & strained type insulators based on the
way they are connected to the line.
• BUSBAR- The busbar is a conductor used to connect
two and more equipment located side-by-side when
the currents are very high.
 WORKING OF THE SUBSTATION

VCB unit

A 33kV incoming supply comes to MANIT, which is

connected to CT/PT for metering & protection. The CT/PT is
connected to a lightning arrestor for earthing surge &
unnecessary power, & thus avoiding any casualties. An
isolator (GODO) is also installed as a safety measure for
isolating the circuit if CT/PT measure extra incoming power
or if surge arrestor fails.

Then the 33kV supply is connected to the main HT panel

present at the indoor substation. First the power comes to
the incoming feeder, which is connected to 4 outgoing
feeders through the Bus Bar. 2 of 4 outgoing feeders are
spare. Spare units will be used whenever there is fault in any
outgoing feeder. Actually, there are many outgoing
feeder panels present at the substation, & we can’t
provide 33kV supply for each of them, thus we use a Bus
Bar to connect them. Basically, the Bus Bar acts as a bridge
here. Each HT panel has a tripping relay, an ammeter & a
voltmeter for metering. Also, all the HT panels are
connected to Vacuum Circuit Breakers (VCB).
 LT Panels
11kV HT panels

Then the 33kV power is stepped down to 11kV with the

help of a step down transformer, which comes to the 11kV
incomer, which is then connected to 12 outgoing feeders
through the bus bar. All 11kV panels are equipped with
tripping relays, ammeter, voltmeter & all are connected to
VCBs.

With the help of ammeter & voltmeter readings, we can

find out the kVA value. By multiplying kVA with the power
factor, we can determine the kWhr.

The power is again stepped down to 433V before

distribution, which is carried out with the help of overhead
lines; which is followed by further distribution to various
small scale transformers.

These details, especially the

serial no. Ref standard, IEC
codes, are very important. &
are used for communicating
with engineer in case of any
faults.
 CONCLUSIONS

The report tries to explain how distribution of power is

carried out at MANIT Bhopal, & how MANIT’s substation
plays a major role in it. Also, the study explains about
various equipments & instruments that are used in MANIT’s
distribution system.
 REFERENCES

• https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Electrical
_substation
• https://electrical-engineering-
portal.com/equipment-distribution-substation
• https://electrical-engineering-portal.com/download-
center/books-and-guides/power-substations/ss-
operation-maintenance
• Isolators: What Are They? (Working, Definition and
Uses) - Engineer Fix
• What is a Current Transformer? (tutorialspoint.com)
• https://youtu.be/98lOYpl4Wt0
• https://youtu.be/OKkOif2JYRE
• https://youtu.be/x3j1veB3EXs