A TRAINING REPORT ON

WEST BENGAL STATE ELECTRICITY

DISTRIBUTION COMPANY LIMITED

33 KV/ 11 KV SUBSTATIONS UNDER HABRA DIVISION

Submitted by
Saroj Kumar
B.Tech, 3rd year
Electrical Engineering

Regent Education & Research Foundation

Barrackpore
 Table of Contents
Acknowledgment
Introduction
Rough description on Habra Division
 Sub-station & CCC name
Sub-station
 Definition of substation
 Site selection for 33/11KV sub-station
Gobordanga sub-station
 Equipment of Gobordanga sub-station
 Single line diagram
Mogra sub-station
 Equipment of Mogra sub-station
 Single line diagram
Banipuri sub-station
 Equipment of Banipuri sub-station
 Single line diagram
Description of equipment’s in a 33/11 KV sub-station
 Bus bar
 Isolator
 Circuit breaker
 Transformer
 Protective relay
 Insulator
 Lightening arrestor
 Transformer protection
Store visit
Conclusion
References
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all people who had been
associated with me in some way or other helped me avail this opportunity
for my vocational training on the topic.
I would like to Habra Division for their support and guidance throughout
the vocational training. I am also thankful to the other officers for sharing
their valuable experiences at the yard with the practical phenomenon
 INTRODUCTION

West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company Limited (WBSEDCL) was

established in 2007 following the unbundling of the state electricity board of West
Bengal and responsible for providing power to 96% of West Bengal with a customer base
of more than 1.68 crore across the state. Over the years, WBSEDCL has been continually
evolving to position itself as a leading Power Utility services organization of the
Country. In the changing landscape, post recent global slowdown, it is anticipated that
demand for electricity will change rapidly and expectations will also increase
exponentially. WBSEDCL continually strives to enhance the quality of services delivered
to its customers.
Rough description on Habra Division

Habra Division is a division of the North 24 Parganas District in West Bengal. It consists of
Habra Municipality and six Customer Care Center blocks & seven Sub-Division has seven
33/11 KV substations.

 CCC blocks are  Sub-Divisions are

1. Ashoknagar C.C.C 1. Habra- 33/11 KV

2. Habra C.C.C 2. KSM -33/11 KV
3. Banipur C.C.C 3. Banipur -33/11 KV
4. Gaighata C.C.C 4. Mogra -33/11 KV
5. Gobordanga C.C.C 5. Gobordanga- 33/11 KV
6. Guma C.C.C 6. Gaighata -33/11 KV
7. Banbania- 33/11 KV
 Definition of Sub-stations:
The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristics (e.g. voltage step up to step
down or vice versa) of electric supply system is known as sub-station.
The electric power is produced at generating stations. It is delivered to the consumer ends
through a large network of transmission and distribution. At many place in the line of supply
system, it may be desirable to and necessary to change some characteristics (e.g. voltage step
up to step down or vice versa) of electric supply system. This is accomplished by suitable
apparatus called sub-station.

Site selection for 33/11KV sub-station

Main points to be considered while selecting the site for Sub-Station are as
follows:
i) The site chosen should be as near to the load center as possible.
ii) It should be easily approachable by road or rail for transportation of
equipment’s.
iii) Land should be fairly leveled to minimize development cost.
iv) The source of water should be as near to the site as possible. This is
because water is required for various construction activities; (Especially
civil works,), earthling and for drinking purposes etc.
v) The sub-station site should be as near to the town / city but should be
clear of public places, aerodromes, and Military / police installations.
vi) The land should be have sufficient ground area to accommodate sub-
station equipment’s, buildings, staff quarters, space for storage of
material, such as store yards sand store sheds etc. with roads and space for
future expansion.
vii) Set back distances from various roads such as National Highways, State
Highway should be observed as per the regulations in force.
viii) While selecting the land for the substation preference to be given to the
Govt. land over Private land.
ix) The land should not have water logging problem.
x) The site should permit easy and safe approach to outlets for HV lines
 Gobordanga Sub Station
Two incoming fedders of 132/33KV form ashoknagor.
33KV vacuum circuit breaker is used.
Total ten 11 KV fedder exist.
Total capacity =1×10+2×6.3= 22.6 MVA

Equipments

Equipments Quantity Specification

Source 2 33KV
Lighting arrester 7 set 42KV,12KV,15KV
Vacuum circuit breaker 3 set 33KV ,outdoor
Isolator
Power transformer 3 10MVA, 33/11KV,174/524.86A
6.3MVA,33/11KV,110.2/330.66A
Current transformer outdoor 5 set 400-200/1-1 A,600-400/1-1 A
Potential transformer 2 set

Station transformer or service 1 33KV/240V

transformer
Bus
I) High bus
II) Low bus
Bus coupler 2 Indoor

Single line Diagram

 Mogra Sub-Station
Two incoming fedders of 132/33KV form ashoknagor.
33KV vacuum circuit breaker is used.
Total 4 No. of 11 KV fedder exist.
Total capacity= 2×6.3=12.6 MVA
Equipments

Equipments Quantity Specification

Source 2 33KV
Lighting arrester 4 set 42KV,12KV,15KV
Vacuum circuit breaker 4 set 33KV ,outdoor
Isolator
Power transformer 2 6.3MVA,33/11KV,110.2/330.66
A
6.3MVA,33/11KV,110.2/330.66
A
Current transformer outdoor 4 set 400-200/1-1 A
Potential transformer 1 set

Station transformer or service 1 33KV/240V

transformer
Bus
I) High bus
II) Low bus
Bus coupler 1 Indoor

Single line Diagram

Banipuri Sub-Station
Two incoming fedders of 132/33KV form ashoknagor.
33KV vacuum circuit breaker is used.
Total 7 No. of 11 KV fedder exist.
Total capacity =2×10=20 MVA
Equipments

Equipments Quantity Specification

Source 2 33KV
Lighting arrester 6 set 42KV,12KV,15KV
Vacuum circuit breaker 3 set 33KV ,outdoor
Isolator
Power transformer 2 10MVA, 33/11KV,174/524.86A
10MVA, 33/11KV,174/524.86A
Current transformer outdoor 3set 400-200/1-1 A
Potential transformer 1 set

Station transformer or service 1 33KV/240V

transformer
Bus
I) High bus
II) Low bus
Bus coupler 1 Indoor

Single line Diagram

 Equipment’s in a 33/11KV substation:

Bus bar:
In sub-station it is important to break down and maintenance should be interfering as little as possible
with continuity of supply, to achieve this high bus and low bus systems are used.

Isolator:
Isolator is a mechanical switch which isolates a part of circuit from rest of the system.
There are different types of isolators available depending upon system requirement such as
1. T.P.G.O. 2. C.R.T.
Circuit breaker:
Electrical circuit breaker is a switching device which can be operated manually as well as
automatically for controlling and protection of electrical power system respectively.
Isolator
Generally
Vacuum circuit breakers are used in 33/11KV sub-station. There are two types of circuit breaker
1. Vacuum circuit breaker 2. Minimum oil circuit breaker

Transformer:
In sub-stations three types of transformer are used.
A. Power transformer (33KV/11KV)
B. Station transformer (33KV/.44KV)
C. Instrument transformer
VCB
Power transformer:
Transformer is a static device by means of which electric power in one circuit is transformed into
electric power of the same frequency in another circuit. The physical basis of a transformer is mutual
induction between two circuits linked by a common magnetic flux. The transformers used in sub-
stations has delta/ star (Δ/Y) connection.

Accessories of power transformer:

.
Transformer oil:
The tank is filled with transformer oil. It is a mineral oil obtained by refining crude petroleum. It
serves the following purposes:
a. Provides additional insulation.
b. Cooling purpose.
Good transformer oil should have:
a. High flash point.
b. Free from inorganic acid, alkali and corrosive sulfur.
c. High dielectric strength. It is important to check the oil in
regular interval.
Power transformer
 Conservator tank:
This is a cylindrical tank mounted on supporting structure on the roof of the transformer
main tank. When transformer is loaded and when ambient temperature rises, the volume
of oil inside the transformer increases. The conservator tank provides adequate space to
this expand transformer oil and it also acts as a reservoir for transformer oil.
Conservator tank

Breather:
A silica gel breather is used for filtering air from moisture. Silica gel breather is connected with
conservator tank by means of breathing pipe. To remove the dust particle a pot is attached with
breather end.

Bushing:
It is fixed on the transformer tank and these connections are made to the external circuits. Ordinary
porcelain insulators can be used as bushing up to voltage of 33KV. Breather
Radiator:
Under loaded condition, heat is produced in the winding which in turn increase the temperature
of the oil. The warm oil increases in volume and comes to the upper portion of the main
tank. Then this oil enters in the radiator through top valve and cools down by
dissipating heat through the thin radiator wall. This cold oil comes back to the main
tank through the bottom radiator valve.

PRV:
PRV (Pressure relief valve) is one of the protection components in the transformer. It is used to
maintain inside pressure for the safety purpose. Its works automatically when inside pressure is
out of limits. Radiator

OLTC:
In power transformer, for proper voltage regulation of transformer, on load tap changer is required. As
there is no permission of switching off the transformer during tap changing. The tapping arrangement
is placed in separate diverter tank attached to electrical power transformer main tank.

Station transformer:
Every sub-station has one station transformer. The station transformer is a 33KV/440volt transformer.
It maintains the continuous power supply of sub-station.

Instrument transformer:
 Current transformer:

Current transformers are basically used to take the readings of the currents entering the
substation. This transformer steps down the current from 400 amps to 1 amp. This is
done because we have no instrument for measuring of such a large current. The main
use of this transformer is
 Distance Protection
 Backup Protection
 Measurement
 Current transformer

 Potential transformer:
There are two potential transformers used in the bus connected both side of the bus. The
potential transformer uses a bus isolator to protect itself. There are two main parts in it
 Measurement
 Protection

Protective Relay:
The relay detects the abnormal condition in the electrical circuit by constantly measuring the electrical
quantities, which are different under normal and fault condition. The following important types of
relays are used in 33/11KV sub-stations. Potential transformer
1. Induction type over current relay
2. Differential Relay
3. Earth fault relay
4. Restricted earth fault relay
5. Master trip relay
Insulator:
There are mainly three types of insulator used in sub-station.
1. Pin Insulator
2. Suspension Insulator
3. String Insulator

Pin type insulator: Pin Insulator polymer Pin

Insulator
As the name suggests, the pin type insulator is mounted on a pin on the cross-arm on the pole.
Beyond operating voltage of 33 KV, the pin type insulators become too bulky and hence
uneconomical.
Suspension insulator:
For voltages greater than 33 KV, it is a usual practice to use suspension type insulators,
consisting of a number of glass or porcelain discs connected in series by metal links in the form
of a string. The number of disc units used depends on the voltage

String Insulator:
String insulator is more or less similar to pin insulator but former is suitable for higher voltage
application. This type of insulator can be mounted on supporting structure horizontally as well as
vertically.
Suspension
Insulator

Lightening arrestor:
A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical systems to protect the equipment’s and conductors of
the system from the effects of lightening. The lightening arrestor can work in an angle of 45degrees
around them The Las employed for protecting transformers should be installed as close as possible to
the transformer.
Substation Earthing System:
 Earth mat
 Overhead ground wires

Lightening arrestor
D.C. battery source:
Batteries provide this power source for the successful operation of switching and control the
device in sub-station. Each battery is considered 2 volt and 15 batteries are required to control
the panel.

Bus Coupler: D.C. battery source

Bus coupler is a device which is used to switch from one bus to
another bus without any interruption in power supply and without
creating hazardous arcs. Each feeder may be connected to either
main bus bar or spar bus bar with the help of bus coupler.
Repairing, maintenance and testing of feeder section can be done
by putting them on spar bus bar, thus keeping the main bus bar
undisturbed.

Control and Relay Panel:

The control and relay panel is of cubical construction suitable for floor mounting. All protective,
indicating and control elements are mounted on the front panel for ease of operation and control.
Transformer protection:
Buchholz relay:
It is a gas actuated relay installed in oil immersed transformers having rating more than 500KVa for
protection against all kinds of internal faults. Such relays can only be fitted to the transformers
equipped with conservator tanks as it is installed in between the
conservator tank and transformer tank.
Control and Relay Panel
PRV:
PRV (Pressure relief valve) is one of the protection components in the
transformer. It is used to maintain inside pressure for the safety
purpose. Its works automatically when inside pressure is out of limits.

MOG:
This device is used to indicate the position of transformer insulating
oil level in conservator of transformer. All oil immersed distribution and electrical power transformers
are provided with expansion vessel which is known as conservator of transformer.

OSR:
The Oil Surge Relay is connected in between OLTC chamber and
conservator tank with breather. A separation should be
arranged such that the oil in OLTC chamber and transformer main tank
should not be mixed together. In case any problem occurs during on load
tap changing operation, a gas is developed and that gas will actuate the OSR. And the relay activates
the alarm circuit.
Differential protection: OSR
Generally Differential protection is provided in the transformer rated more than 5MVA. The
Differential Protection of Transformer has advantages over other schemes of protection. The faults
occur in the transformer inside the insulating oil can be detected by Buchholz relay. But if any fault
occurs in the transformer but not in oil then it cannot be detected by Buchholz relay. Any flash over at
the bushings are not adequately covered by Buchholz relay. Differential relays can detect such type of
faults. Moreover Buchholz relay is provided in transformer for detecting any internal fault in the
transformer but Differential Protection scheme detects the same in faster way.

Over current and Earth fault protection:

Backup protection of electrical transformer is simple Over Current and Earth Fault protection applied
against external short circuit and excessive over loads. These over current and earth
Fault relays may be of Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) or Definite Time type relays.
Generally IDMT relays are connected to the in-feed side of the transformer.
The over current relays cannot distinguish between external short circuit, over load and internal faults
of the transformer. For any of the above fault, backup protection i.e. over current and earth fault
protection connected to in-feed side of the transformer will operate. Backup protection is although
generally installed.

Restricted earth fault protection:

An external fault in the star side will result in current flowing in the line current transformer of the
affected phase and at the same time a balancing current flows in the neutral current transformer, hence
the resultant current in the relay is therefore zero. So this REF relay will not be actuated for external
earth fault. But during internal fault the neutral current transformer only carries the unbalance fault
current and operation of Restricted Earth Fault Relay takes place. This scheme of restricted earth fault
protection is very sensitive for internal earth fault of transformer.
The protection scheme is comparatively cheaper than differential protection scheme.

Oil and Winding Temperature Indicator of Transformer:

These are generally precision instruments. A temperature indicator of power transformer is specially
designed for protection of transformer in addition to its temperature indication and cooling control
features. That means, this device performs three functions
1. These instruments indicate instantaneous temperature of oil and windings of transformer.
2. This also record maximum temperature rise of oil and windings.
3. These instruments operate high temperature alarm at a predetermined value of allowable
temperature limit.
4. Temperature indicators of transformer can also trip the circuit breakers associated with the
power transformer when the temperature of oil or winding reaches a predetermined limit.

WTI & OTI shall be set to operate at the following temperature:

Oil-Alarm-80 ℃, Trip-90 ℃
Wlnding-Alarm-85℃, Trip-95 ℃

Store visit
In banipure store we saw different type of lighting arrester, CT, PT, transformer oil, insulator isolator,
v-bracket, pole, VCB, distribution transformer, earth spike, cable & conductor.
Cable
 AYFY 11KV four core cable
  LTBA 70CORE
 XLPE 11KV & 33KV cable
Conductor
 ACSR Wire
 HTSTR wire
 LTSTR wire
 GI wire
 Aerial branch (A B) wire

Conclusion
Now form this report one can conclude that electricity plays an important role in our life. At
the end of the training, I came to know about the various parts of substations and how
they are operated. Also I learnt about
how distribution is done in various
locations.

As evident from the report, a

substation plays a very important
role in the transmission system.
That’s why various protective
measures are taken to protect the
substations from various faults and its
smooth functioning. West Bengal
State Electricity Distribution
Corporation Limited takes such steps so that a uniform and stable supply of electricity
can reach in every part of this state.
References
 Wikipedia
 Principles of Power systems – V.K. Mehta