220 KV System

Purpose
To provide a reliable efficient &
flexible interconnection between
the WAPDA & the station's main
Generator to feed the power to
WAPDA & station auxiliary power
system.
 System Equipments

 12 motor operated center break disconnect

switches or isolators
 02 motor operated transmission line ground
switches
 05 SF6 breakers
 Two 2,000 Amps aluminum bus bars
 Four wave traps
 Six surge arrestors
 PTs & CTs for protection & metering on each phase
 Kirk key & Electrical interlock system
 Control, Annunciation & Metering panels
 Associated protection panels
 General system description

 The 220Kv switchyard is designed as a

double bus bar, single breaker operating
scheme
 The 220Kv switchyard is divided into 5
sections called Bays
 Power line carrier is the communication
facility
 Synchronizing facility of Line1/2/SUT/Bus
Coup & Main generator
 All breaker & isolator control switches are
supplied with green, red & white indication
lamps
 LINE #2
220 KV
M M LINE # 1

M M
System
D9Q1
B D8Q1
B
BUS 1

D10Q11
M D9Q11 M D8Q11 M M M
D7Q11 D6Q11

D10Q1
B

M D9Q12 M D8Q12 M D7Q12 M D6Q12 M

D10Q12 D6Q1
B

BUS 2 M

Generator GSU
D7Q1
B

G UAT
SUT
Excitation
BCA16
B BBA22
B

BBA12
B
 Protection Philosophy

 The 220Kv switchyard is based

on local back-up concept for
clearing all faults
 Local back-up protection falls into
two categories

Relay Back-Up
Breaker Back-Up
 Generator Protection

 Generator differential relay will trip the

unit via tripping 86-1/94-1 relays. This
relay will not detect ground fault with in its
zone of tripping
 95% Ground relay(64-G1) will trip the
unit via tripping 86-1/94-1 relays
 100% Ground relay(64-G2) will trip the
unit via tripping 86-1/94-1 relays
 Negative sequence relay(46-1) will trip
the unit via tripping 86-1/94-1 relays
 Loss-of-field relay(40-1 & 40-2) provide
indirect tripping
 Generator Protection Cont.

 Reverse power relay(32-1 & 32-2) close

the steam v/v, initiate shut down & trip the
generator breaker & excitation breaker & will
trip the unit via tripping 86-1/94-1 relays
 Voltage balance relay(60-1 & 60-2)
monitor the potential transformer circuit of
the generator voltage regulator
 Over voltage relay(59G) provides an
indirect trip after a time delay if generator
terminal voltage is excessive
 Thermal overload relay(49-2) using the
three phase current as a reference
 Generator Protection Cont.

 Back-up Over current protection

relay(21G) provides the back-up protection
for phase to phase fault will trip the unit via
tripping 86-1/94-1 relays
 Out of step Relay (78-1)
Device 78-1 provides out of step protection for
the generator. Operation of the relay provides a
direct trip via tripping relays 86-1 and 94-1
 Under Frequency Relays (81-I & 81-2)
Under frequency conditions are detected by
these devices
 Under Voltage Relay(27)
 Generator Protection Cont.

 Inadvertent Back- Energization Relays

(5OBE) Providing sensitive detection of
accidental energization of the generator from
the system
 Load Rejection To protect the generator in
the event that the station becomes separated
from the transmission system.
 Bus Bar Over voltage Protection
In the event of a bus over voltage the over
voltage-relay of the bus to which the generator
is connected will initiate a generator trip via
tripping relays 86-1 and 94-1
 Isolated Phase Bus

 Each Phase of isolated phase bus is

provided with two P.Ts
 P.Ts are used for indication operating
conditions
 P.Ts are use for metering & protection
 Device 64EN/G1 provided to cover
ground faults on 24Kv system
 Surge arrestors & capacitors have been
provided to protect the system during
abnormal conditions i.e. high voltage or
currents
 GSU Protection

 The basic protection for the Generator

Step-Up Transformer is provided by
two multi-function micro-processor
based protective relays, each with
separate current transformers and
power supply inputs and tripping
outputs for the operation of
redundant high speed tripping relays.
Which includes following protections
 GSU Protection Cont.

 Transformer differential protection

To protect against short circuit faults
 Excessive volts protection To protect
against high volts
 A high set instantaneous element To
protect against heavy close-in faults
 A restricted ground differential zone
element
 Phase and ground time over-current
back-up relays
 GSU Protection Cont.
Some Other Relays

 Buchholz relay for detecting faults in

the transformer main windings
 An oil surge protective relay
For detecting a fault in the OLTC
compartment.
 Two over pressure relief devices
for the main tank. Each of these devices
initiate tripping
 Bus Bar 1 & 2 protections

 Under voltage Relay For bus 1&2

 Frequency Relay (18)
For under & over frequency
 Time Over current Relay (51)
 Transmission Line Protections

 Directional Over current Relay (Device

67/67N) Provides three phase directional
and ground fault over current protection for
each incoming line circuit.
 Primary Distance Protection Relay
(Device 21P) The relay provides three
zones of protection and interfaces with the
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC)
equipment for communication with the
protection relays at the remote end of the
line
Transmission Line Protections Cont.

 Secondary Distance Protection

Relay (Device 21S) Functions similar to
the primary distance protection relay.
 Fault locator
 Auto Re-close Relay (Device 79)
 Instantaneous over current relay
 Lock-Out Relay(86)
 High Speed Trip Relay(94)
11Kv/0.4Kv Auxiliary power System

Purpose
The purpose of the system is to
provides 11Kv,3Ph,50Hz power
for unit auxiliary
equipment as well as common
start-up and emergency
shutdown operations
 System Equipments

 Two feeder transformers (SUT & UAT)

 Three 11Kv cable busses
 Four 11Kv switchgears
 11Kv to 400V Transformers
 400V power centers
 Motor control centers (MCCs)
 Emergency MCC Bus
 Emergency Diesel Generator
 Automatic Transfer Switch
 General system description

 UAT powered the 11Kv switchgear A

(2625Amps & 40MVA)
 SUT powered the 11Kv switchgear B
(2900Amps & 44MVA)
 A tie breaker is provide b/w two
switchgears 3000Amps
 Switchgears are provide with 380/220
volts 3ф,4w,50Hz low voltage power
 110v AC, 50Hz & 110v DC control power
 Maximum operating voltage 12Kv
 Rated maximum voltage 15Kv
 Single Line 11Kv/0.4Kv
GSU
SUT

UAT

BCA16
Main Generator BBA22 BBA12
11Kv Unit Switchgear-A 11Kv Unit Switchgear-B

500KVA- 500KVA-
11Kv/6.6Kv 11Kv/6.6Kv

Raw Water Raw Water

Intake MCC-A Intake MCC-B
Unit Boiler/Turbine-A Boiler/Turbine-B Admin
Common-A Transformer Transformer Unit Common-
Transforme 2500KVA B Transformer Building M M
M M r 1000KVA 11Kv/0.4Kv
2500KVA
1000KVA BCP Motors
Motors 11Kv/0.4Kv
BCP 11Kv/0.4Kv 11Kv/0.4Kv Type
Type
Boiler/Turbine Power Boiler/Turbine Power
center-A center-B Emergency

ATS-Secondary
ATS-Bypass

Diesel
ATS-Primary

Generator

Boiler Turbine Boiler MCC-B Turbine MCC-B

MCC-A MCC-A ATS

Unit Common MCC -A Unit Common MCC -B

CTTS-A CTTS-B

Emergency
Services Bus

M M
11Kv Unit Switchgear-C 11Kv Unit Switchgear-D

M M
Motor Type Motor Type
M M
Motor Type Motor Type
Water Treatment MCC-A Cooling Tower MCC-A Cooling Tower MCC-B Water Treatment MCC-B
 11Kv Switchgear Protections

 11Kv switchgear incoming circuit

breakers are provided with
microprocessor based multifunction
digital over current relays 51/51N
 These devices detect & trip the incoming
breaker for overload, short-circuit
current & ground fault on bus
 These relays also provide back-up over
current & ground fault protection for
faults on the outgoing feeders
11Kv Switchgear Protections Con.

 Under Voltage Relay(-20% with 2 Sec

delay)
 Over Voltage Relay(+20% with 2 Sec
delay)
 Over/Under Frequency Relay
 Operation of these relays energizes
the(86-2 UAT or SUT) which trips the
associated incoming breaker
 Tripping of incoming breaker initiates
the auto transfer relay (device 25/83)
 11Kv Switchgear Protections Con.

 Auto transfer relay will attempt a high

speed closing of the bus tie breaker
which monitors the synchronism of two
supplies
 If a high speed transfer is not possible
the auto re-close relay will close the bus
tie after the motor load has been shed
 If bus incoming breaker trips from
operation of 51/51N over current relays
closing of bus tie breaker is blocked
 11Kv Switchgear Protections Con.

 All11Kv & 11Kv/0.4Kv step down

transformer feeders are provided with
microprocessor based multifunction
digital over current relays 51/51N
 Bus tie breaker with phase & ground
fault time over current
relays(51/51N)
 All of the above relays will actuate the
lockout relay
 11Kv Switchgear Protections Con.

 11Kv motors are protected by Multilin

relays provide with following protections
 Time over current (Device 51)
 Instantaneous trip (Device 50)
 Instantaneous ground sensor (Device
50GS)
 Instantaneous residual ground (Device
50R)
 Phase unbalance (46)
 High temperature (94) from
stator/bearing RTDs
 Plant DC System

 Purpose
The DC power system supplies
a reliable source of DC
electrical power to those plant
loads required to function on
loss of AC power
 Plant DC System
 DC power system consists of two 220v
plant battery banks
 Each bank consists of 110 battery cells
 Each cell rated at 2.25v per cell
 Each battery bank has a total rating of
3400 amp hours
 Plant DC system is ungrounded
 Fully equalize charge voltage is 256.3v
 Float voltages maximum 238.7 volts
 Plant DC System Cont.

 Floating charge range is 2.08 to 2.25

volts per cell
 Equalize charge range is 2.20 to 2.40
volts per cell
 Battery bank is provided with two 220v
DC,500amp battery charger
 Battery chargers are maintain float
voltages within ½%DC & AC input
variation of +/- 10%V & frequency
variation of +/-5%
 Plant DC System
From Boiler/Turbine Emergency
Power center Diesel Generator
Primary

Bypass Secondary

Emergency
ATS

CTTS-A CTTS-B

Emergency Services Bus

Plant Battery Charger A Plant Battery Charger B Switchyard

Plant Battery Charger C Plant Battery Charger D
Battery
Charger
Feeders

110 cell Plant battery A 110 cell Plant battery B

3400 Ampere Hour 3400 Ampere Hour

1200 A 600 A

DC Bus Tie Breaker

Plant DC Distribution Panel A 100 A 100 A

Plant DC Distribution Panel B
Voltage Compensating Device

Blocking Diode Blocking Diode

Voltage
Compensating CKT
To UPS To UPS
Primary 100 A Standby

Plant DC Distribution Panel C

 Plant DC System Controls

 Battery chargers are provided with AC

input & DC output breakers
 Battery chargers are provided with
adjustable 120% output current limiting
feature without tripping output breaker
 In the event of both battery chargers
failure the bus tie breaker will close
 Return to normal operation is initiated
manually
 UPS System

Purpose
The UPS system provides a reliable,
regulated, filtered & uninterrupted
110V, 50Hz, single phase AC electrical
power to essential plant auxiliary &
low voltage load & control system. In
addition, it provides for a safe unit
shutdown in the event of a unit power
system blackout.
 UPS System
General System Descriptions
 UPS system is a 75KVA single phase
system
 220v DC normal input,220v, 50Hz
bypass input & 110v, 50Hz output
 UPS system consists of two full function
UPS (Primary & secondary)
 A bypass regulating transformer is
provided as an alternate power source
 Cascade operation mode
 Individual UPS operation mode
DC Input 230v
UPS SYSTEM
Inverter

Circuit Breaker
Fuse Fuse
Diode AC
Output
110v

Static switch
50Hz
Primary UPS 75KVA

B2

B1
B3
DC Input 230v

Circuit Breaker Fuse Fuse

Diode Inverter

Static switch
Standby UPS
B2
AC Input 220v 50Hz

B1
B3

Circuit Breaker Circuit Breaker

Regulator
 UPS System Cont,
Operation , Controls & Alarms
 Alternate source synchronizes with the
Secondary inverter
 Secondary inverter synchronizes with
the primary inverter
 Two static switches one in primary UPS
& one in secondary UPS
 Static switch will automatically transfer
the load to alternate source in a fraction
of a cycle should the inverter voltage
drop below a preset level
 DC filter charge switch
 UPS System Cont,
Operation , Controls & Alarms
 Synch Monitor
 DC Fail Alarm
 On Alternate
 Alternate Source Fail Alarm
 Synch Disconnect Alarm
 Over Temp Alarm
 Output Under Freq/Over Freq
 Maintenance Bypass Switch
UPS System Cont,
UPS System Cont,