220 kv switch yard and Its

protection scheme

Purpose
To provide a reliable efficient & flexible interconnection
between the WAPDA & the station's main Generator to
feed the power to WAPDA & station auxiliary power
system.
 M LINE #2 M LINE # 1

D9Q10 M D8Q10 M

D9Q1
B D8Q1
B
BUS 1 2000Amps

D10Q11
M D9Q11 M D8Q11 M D7Q11 M D6Q11 M

D10Q1
B

M D9Q12 M D8Q12 M D7Q12 M D6Q12 M

D10Q12 D6Q1
B

BUS 2 2000Amps D6Q10 M

220 kv

Generator GSU
D7Q1
B
24 kv
D7Q10
220 kv
M
G 24 kv 24 kv

220 KV SUT
11 kv
400 v
Excitation
UAT
11 kv

System
BCA16
B BBA22
B

BBA12
B
System description

•The 220Kv switchyard is designed as a double bus bar,

single breaker operating scheme
•The 220Kv switchyard is divided into 5 sections called
Bays
•Power line carrier is the communication facility
•Synchronizing facility of Line1/2/SUT/Bus Coup & Main
generator
•All
breaker & isolator control switches are supplied with
green, red & white indication lamps
Equipments
•14 motor operated center break disconnect switches or
isolators
•02 motor operated transmission line ground switches
•05 SF6 breakers
•Two 2,000 Amps aluminum bus bars
•Four wave traps
•Six surge arrestors
•PTs & CTs for protection & metering on each phase
•Kirk key & Electrical interlock system
•Control, Annunciation & Metering panels
•Associated protection panels
Protection
The role of protection is to detect and clear the fault, it
does not prevent their occurrence.
The function of a protection is to detect a fault condition
and act to trip out the faulted apparatus leaving the healthy
apparatus in service. This will;

•Minimize damage to faulty plant.

•Prevent damage to healthy plant.
•Preserve system stability.
•Minimize danger to personnel.
Faults can be classified into four groups,

1- Short Circuit Fault: One, or two or all three phases

shorted to earth or two or three phases together.

2- Open Circuit Fault: One, or two or three phases

open circuited.

3- Simultaneous Fault: A combination of two or more

faults at the same time.

4- Winding Faults: Winding faults on machine and

transformers consist mainly of short circuits, from one
phase to earth, or one phases to another, between turns
on one winding, and open circuits on any winding.
Protection systems usually
comprise five components:
•Currents transformers
To step down the high currents of the electrical power
system to convenient levels for the relays to deal with;
•Voltage transformers
To step down the high voltages of the electrical power
system to convenient levels for the relays to deal with;
•Relays is an electrically operated switch.
To sense the fault and initiate a trip, or disconnection order;
•Circuit breakers
To open/close the system based on relay signal;
•Batteries
To provide power in case of power disconnection in the
system.
Bus Bar Overvoltage Protection.

Both 220KV busses are equipped with overvoltage relays

(59B1 and 59B2). In the event of a bus overvoltage the
overvoltage relays of bus to which generator is connected,
as detected by the closed states of bus disconnect
switches 89C1 and 89C2, will initiate a generator trip via
tripping relays 86-1 and 94-1.
Transmission Lines Protection and
Relay Functions

The relay protection philosophy for the 220KV is based on

the local back-up concept for clearing faults. Local back-up
provides protection for failure of relays, current or potential
transformer, DC power supplies, wiring and the circuit
breaker itself. Local back-up protection falls into two
categories:
Directional Over current Relay (Device 67/67N)
Device 67/67N provides three phase directional and
ground fault overcurrent protection for incoming line circuit.

Primary Distance Protection Relay (Device 21P)

The primary distance protection is provided by GEC-
Alsthom MICROMHO multi functional relay. The relay
provides three zones of protection and interfaces with the
Power Line Carrier Communication (PLCC) equipment for
communication with the protection relays at the remote
end of the line. The relay can be programmed to provide
single or three phase trip signals dependant on the type of
fault perceived. The relay is equipped with fault locator and
printer to provide a record of line disturbance.
Secondary Distance Protection Relay (Device 21S)
Secondary distance protection is provided by an ABB type
LZ96a relay which is equipped with an array of
programmable functions similar to the primary distance
protection relay.

Auto Reclose Relay (Device 79)

Device 79 is a programmable auto reclose relay which can
provide single or multiple reclosure attempts. The relay can
be configured to produce high speed single phase or
delayed three phase reclosing signals. It is supervised by a
check synchronizing relay (Device 25) to ensure in phase
breaker closing.
Kirk Key and Electrical Interlock System

A Kirk Key and Electrical interlock system is provided for

the switchyard to inhibit motor operated disconnect switch
operation in local or manual mode during unsafe
conditions. Interlocks have been incorporated on the
grounding disconnects to prevent erroneous switching.
Each 220KV C.B. and its associated disconnected
switches are provided with a Kirk Key and electrical
interlock System to ensure that the disconnects cannot be
operated when the C.B. is closed.