Government College Of

Engineering, Amravati
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)
Towards Global Technological Excellence

INDUSTRIAL VISIT REPORT ON

220 KV SUBSTATION POWER HOUSE,
AMRAVATI.

Submitted
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement
For the Award of Degree of

Bachelor of Technology
In
Electrical Engineering (EE)

Submitted To

Department of Electrical Engineering

Government College of Engineering, Amravati
(Kathora Naka Road, In Front of VMV College, Amravati:-444506)

Guided by Head of Department

Prof. R. M. Sahare Dr. G Dhomane Sir
ELECTRICAL & POWER ENGINEERING

Government College of Engineering, Amravati

Semester
th
7 SEMESTER

Attended On
January 14, 2021

Submitted by
Aditya Nagose
ID 16003017
Final Year
Electrical Engineering
 INDEX
Sr. no. Contents Page no.
1. Acknowledgement 1

2. Abstract 2

3. Company Profile 3

4. Components 4
Power Transformer
Conservator or expansion tank
Breather
Bus bars
Buchholz relay
Battery Room
Lightning Arrester
CTs & PTs
Wave trap
Towers
Insulators:
Isolator
Electrical Clearance
Sag
Wire
Circuit Breaker
Protective relay

5. Overview of the industrial visit 15

6. Details of the Journey 16

7. Conclusion 16

7. References 17
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This industrial visit gave us an exposure to the different components of substation.
We are grateful for having an industrial visit at 220kV substation Amravati. We express our
deepest gratitude to Prof. R. M. Sahare for organizing this industrial visit.

We would also like to mention the generous gratitude to MSEB officials Er. Nilesh Pathale
Sir and Er. Vishal Ambhore Sir for giving their valuable time and for their guidance,
without which it would have been difficult to understand the components and the functioning
of equipment’s used in substation. We are also thankful to our colleagues for their active
support in case of doubt clearance during this industrial visit.

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 ABSTRACT
Report gives an overview of 220kv power substation. It includes electricity
transmission and distribution processes at UPPCL Barahuwa substation. Its substation, an
assembly of apparatus which is installed to control transmission and distribution of electric
power, its two main divisions is outdoor and indoor substation. Different equipment’s used in
substation, Bus-bar, surge arrester, Isolator, Earth switch, Current Transformers etc.
Transformer which is being used here is core and shell type transformer for stepping up and
down purposes. Different Instruments, transformers, voltage, current levels and CV
transformers are also being used.

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COMPANY PROFILE:-

Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Co. Ltd Mahapareshan or Mahatransco is

the major electricity transmission company in the state of Maharashtra, India.

Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Company limited, a wholly owned

corporate entity under the Maharashtra Government, was incorporated under the Companies
Act, in June, 2005 after restructuring the erstwhile Maharashtra State Electricity Board to
transmit electricity from its point of Generation to its point of Distribution.

It owns and operates most of Maharashtra’s Electric Power Transmission System.

MSETCL operates a transmission network of 39871 Circuit KM of transmission lines and
559 EHV Substations with 89178 MVA transformation capacity. This infrastructure
constitutes most of the inter-regional as well as intra-regional electric power transmission
system in the State. Today, MSETCL is the largest state transmission utility in the country.

The company also has the distinction of being the only power utility in the state sector
to own HVDC lines. The Company operates a 752 km long, 1500 MW, 500 KV bi-polar
HVDC line from Chandrapur to Padghe. This has been marked as a major success as electric
power is generated in east Maharashtra, due to easy availability of coal, whereas the bulk use
of power is in the western part of Maharashtra in and around cities such as Mumbai, Pune and
Nashik. The power losses are very low in the HVDC line. As a result, the power received at
Padghe is practically the same as what is injected at Chandrapur.

It has installed ABT metering at 530 Sub-stations for energy accounting purposes and
implementation of FBSM. The ERP system is fully integrated and being put into use, where
functions of key departments are on line. To set up a comprehensive communication network
by utilizing existing infrastructure, an Optic Fibre communication system of about 2801 km
is being installed. It has also experimented with unmanned remotely controlled substations at
two locations and GIS substations at Bhandup and Hinjewadi. To raise funds from the market
for equity capital/ capex schemes and to reduce its interest burden, MSETCL is readying
itself for the launch of an IPO. It has undertaken an ambitious task of establishment of a 765
KV substation at Aurangabad. The State Load Dispatch Centre (SLDC) at Kalwa and
Ambazari are being renovated and modernized with 140 Nos. of SCADA – RTU.

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COMPONENTS:-
Power Transformer:-

Power Transformer
The Power transformer is a one kind of transformer that is used to transfer electrical
energy in any part of the electrical or electronic circuit between the generator and the
distribution primary circuits. These transformers are used in distribution systems to
interface step up and step down voltages. The common type of power transformer is
liquid immersed and the life span of these transformers is around 30 years. Power
transformers can be classified into three types based on the ranges. They are small power
transformers, medium power transformers and large power transformers.

Conservator or expansion tank:-

Conservator
The main operation of conservator tank is to keep the oil clean and dry utmost
temperatures. The oil level of a transformer changes with the change in load. The oil
expands with the increase in load and vice versa. Large power transformers are also
liable to over -loads which may overheat the oil and consequently there is a sludge
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formation if air is present. Occasionally large power transformer also suffer short-circuits
and temperature rise become excessively high. This causes vaporizations of the oil. The
oi1 vapours form explosive mixture with air that ignites and may cause a considerable
damage. For these reasons it is necessary to prevent the oil from having contact with air
as well as moisture. For this purpose conservators are employed.

Breather:-

Breather in transformer
The silica gel breather of transformer is very simple in the aspect of design. It is nothing
but a pot of silica gel through which, air passes during breathing of transformer. The
silica gel is a very good absorber of moisture. Freshly regenerated gel is very efficient, it
may dry down air to a dew point of below -40oC. A well maintained silica gel breather
will generally operate with a dew point of -35oC as long as a large enough quantity of gel
has been used. The picture shows a silica gel breather of transformer.

Bus bars:-

220 kV bus bars

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If the bus bars are of rigid type (Aluminum types) the structure heights are low and
minimum clearance is required. While in case of strain type of bus bars suitable ACSR
conductors are strung/tensioned strain by tension insulator discs according to system
voltages.

In the widely used strain type bus bars stringing tension is about 500-900 kg depending
upon the size of conductor used and tensioning is manual by means of rope pulleys or by
pull lifts. It may also with the help of tractors.

Buchholz relay:-

Buchholz relay

Buchholz relay is a safety device mounted on some oil-filled power transformers and
reactors, equipped with an external overhead oil reservoir called a "conservator". The
Buchholz relay is used as a protective device sensitive to the effects of dielectric failure
inside the equipment. A generic designation for this type of device is "gas detector
relay".

Battery Room:-

Battery Room

A battery room is a room in a facility used to house batteries for backup or

uninterruptible power systems. Battery rooms are found in telecommunication central
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offices, and to provide standby power to computing equipment in datacenters. Batteries
provide direct current (DC) electricity, which may be used directly by some types of
equipment, or which may be converted to alternating current (AC) by uninterruptible
power supply (UPS) equipment. The batteries may provide power for minutes, hours or
days depending on the electrical system design, although most commonly the batteries
power the UPS during brief electric utility outages lasting only seconds.

Lightning Arrester:-

Lightning Arrester

A lightning arrester (alternative spelling lightning arrestor) (also called lightning

diverter) is a device used on electric power systems and telecommunication systems to
protect the insulation and conductors of the system from the damaging effects of
lightning. The typical lightning arrester has a high-voltage terminal and a ground
terminal. When a lightning surge (or switching surge, which is very similar) travels along
the power line to the arrester, the current from the surge is diverted through the arrester,
in most cases to earth.

CTs & PTs:-

CT & PT

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Current transformers are generally used to measure currents of high magnitude. These
transformers step down the current to be measured, so that it can be measured with a
normal range ammeter.

Potential transformers are also known as voltage transformers and they are basically
step down transformers with extremely accurate turns ratio. Potential transformers step
down the voltage of high magnitude to a lower voltage which can be measured with
standard measuring instrument.

Wave trap:-

Wave trap

Wave trap is a resonant circuit connected in series with the HV transmission line to
prevent the transmission of high frequency signals. The communication wave is having a
high frequency of 150 kHz to 200 kHz and the electrical power has a frequency of 50 Hz.
So, to avoid the communication waves to travel to the electrical equipment we are using
this Wave-trap. It creates a high reactance path for the High –frequency signal and
blocks it. We are employing these Wave-traps is due to the use of PLCC (Power Line
Carrier Communication).

Towers:-

Vertical Tower Horizontal Tower

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 The main supporting unit of overhead transmission line is transmission tower.
Transmission towers have to carry the heavy transmission conductor at a sufficient safe
height from ground. In addition to that all towers have to sustain all kinds of natural
calamities. So transmission tower designing is an important engineering job where all
three basic engineering concepts, civil, mechanical and electrical engineering concepts
are equally applicable.

According to different considerations, there are different types of transmission

towers.

The transmission line goes as per available corridors. Due to unavailability of

shortest distance straight corridor transmission line has to deviate from its straight way
when obstruction comes. In total length of a long transmission line there may be several
deviation points. According to the angle of deviation there are four types of transmission
tower–

A – type tower – angle of deviation 0o to 2o.

B – type tower – angle of deviation 2o to 15o.

C – type tower – angle of deviation 15o to 30o.

D – type tower – angle of deviation 30o to 60o.

As per the force applied by the conductor on the cross arms, the transmission
towers can be categorized in another way-

Tangent suspension tower and it is generally A – type tower.

Angle tower or tension tower or sometime it is called section tower. All B, C and
D types of transmission towers come under this category.

Apart from the above customized type of tower, the tower is designed to meet
special usages listed below,

These are called special type tower

1) River crossing tower

2) Railway/ Highway crossing tower
3) Transposition tower

Based on numbers of circuits carried by a transmission tower, it can be classified

as-

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 1) Single circuit tower
2) Double circuit tower
3) Multi circuit tower.
Insulators:-

Insulators

 The insulators mainly serve two purposes. First of all they support the conductor and
confined the high current of the line to the conductor. The most common material for
the manufacturing of insulators is Porcelain. Below mentioned are the types of
Insulators used in switchyard,

 Pin Insulator

 Post Type

 Suspension Insulator

 Strain Insulator

Post type and strain type insulators are mostly used in switchyard.

Isolator:-

Isolators

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 Isolators are generally no- load switches which are used to isolate the electrical lines
during maintenance. They are only operated for isolation after the circuit breaker is
operated. They are operated by means of a motor present below the isolator assembly.

Electrical Clearance:-

T
Sub-Station Electrical Clearances

The electrical clearance is the electrical isolation between two conductive

components, As per Indian Electricity Rule 1956, Clause No 77, the minimum distance
between bottom conductor and ground of a 400KV transmission line is 8.84 meter. This
clearance is increased by 0.3 meter for every 33KV above 33KV.

According to this logic, the minimum ground clearance of 400KV transmission line
would be,

400KV – 33KV = 367KV and 367KV/33KV ≈ 11

Now, 11 × 0.3 = 3.33 meter.

So, as per logic, the ground clearance of 400KV bottom conductor would be, 5.2 + 3.33
= 8.53 ≈ 8.84 meter (considering other factors).

For, same logic the minimum ground clearance of 220KV transmission line would be,

220KV – 33KV = 187KV and 187KV/33KV ≈ 5.666

Now, 5.666 X 0.3 = 1.7 meter.

So, as per logic, the ground clearance of 220KV bottom conductor would be, 5.2 + 1.7
= 6.9 ≈ 7 meter. For, same logic the minimum ground clearance of 132KV transmission
line would be,

132KV – 33KV = 99KV and 99KV/33KV = 3

Now, 3 × 0.3 = 0.9 meter.

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So, as per logic, the ground clearance of 132KV bottom conductor would be, 5.2 + 0.9
= 6.1 meter. The minimum clearance of 66KV transmission line is also taken as 6.1
meters.

Sag:-
Why Sag Provision is Mandatory in Transmission Line Conductors?

Sag is mandatory in transmission line conductor suspension. The conductors are

attached between two supports with perfect value of sag. It is because of providing
safety of the conductor from not to be subjected to excessive tension. In order to permit
safe tension in the conductor, conductors are not fully stretched; rather they are allowed
to have sag.
If the conductor is stretched fully during installation, wind exerts pressure on the
conductor, hence conductor gets chance to be broken or detached from its end support.
Thus sag is allowed to have during conductor suspension.
Some important points are to be mentioned:
1. When same levelled two supports hold the conductor, bend shape arises in the
conductor. Sag is very small with respect to the span of the conductor.
2. Sag span curve is like parabolic.
3. The tension in each point of the conductor acts always tangentially.
4. Again the horizontal component of the tension of conductor is constant throughout
conductor length.
5. The tension at supports is nearly equal to the tension at any point of the conductor.
How to Calculate Sag?

Consider a conductor AOB suspended freely between level supports A and B at the
same level The lowest point of the conductor is O. Let the shape of the conductor be a
parabola.

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 Sag calculation

Let,

L= span length

Consider  OB  is the equilibrium tension of the conductor and force acting on it are the
horizontal tension H at O. The weight (w.OB) of the conductor OB acting vertically
downwards through the center of gravity at a distance l/4 from B, and the tension TB at
the support B.

l
H . δ=(w . OB) ..................(1)
4

Since OB is approximately equal to the l/2

Take moments about B

l l
H . δ=w . × ......................(2)
2 4

w l2
δ= ...................................(3)
8H

Above equation shows that the sag in a freely suspended conductor is directly
proportional to the weight per unit length of the conductor, and the square of the span
length and inversely proportional to the horizontal tension H.

Wire:-

An overload power line is a structure used in electric power

transmission and distribution to transmit electrical energy across large distances. It
consists of one or more conductors (commonly multiples of three) suspended

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by towers or poles. Since most of the insulation is provided by air, overhead power
lines are generally the lowest-cost method of power transmission for large quantities of
electric energy.

Classification of transmission lines

By operating voltage

Overhead power transmission lines are classified in the electrical power industry by
the range of voltages:

 Low voltage (LV) – less than 1000 volts, used for connection between a residential
or small commercial customer and the utility.
 Medium voltage (MV; distribution) – between 1000 volts (1 kV) and 69 kV, used
for distribution in urban and rural areas.
 High voltage (HV; subtransmission less than 100 kV; subtransmission or
transmission at voltages such as 115 kV and 138 kV), used for sub-transmission
and transmission of bulk quantities of electric power and connection to very large
consumers.
 Extra high voltage (EHV; transmission) – from 345 kV, up to about 800 kV, used
for long distance, very high power transmission.
 Ultra high voltage (UHV) – higher than 800 kV. The Financial Times reported
UHV lines are a "game changer", making a global electricity grid potentially
feasible. StateGrid said that compared to conventional lines, UHV enables the
transmission of five times more power, over six times the distance.

Circuit breaker:-

Air circuit breaker

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 A circuit breaker is equipment which can make and break a circuit under normal as well
as during fault conditions. It is operated during on load condition and the arc generated
while opening the circuit is quenched by a strong di-electric medium. The most widely
used arc quenching mediums for HV Lines are Vacuum and SF6 Gas.

Protective relay:-

Digital (numeric) multifunction protective relay

A protective relay is a device that detects the fault and initiates the operation of the
Circuit breaker to isolate the faulty element from the rest of the system. Whenever
there is a fault in the bus, the relay senses it and gives the command to the circuit
breaker and the circuit breaker is operated. The relay receives the command from the
instruments transformers (i.e. CTs & PTs).

OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRIAL VISIT

Students Visit To 220kV Mahartransco sub-station with faculty member and MSEB officials.

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Government College of Engineering Amravati had organized an industrial visit on 04 Oct
2019 to MAHARASHTRA STATE ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION CO. LTD. Located in
industrial sector of AMRAVATI 2.5 km from PANCHVATI, AMRAVATI via Bypass for
the students of B. Tech (Electrical Engineering).

The visit was organized with prior permission and guidance of Dr. R. B. Sharma Sir.

Er. Nilesh Pathale Sir and Er. Vishal Ambhore Sir were the co-ordinator for this whole
industrial visit.

DETAILS OF OUR JOURNEY

Map form College Campus to 220kV Substation

We started travelling from the college campus at 10:30 am via our personal vehicle on 04 Oct
2019 along with our co-ordinator faculties.

We reached to the Sub Station premises at Amravati within 15 min.

At the very beginning of our visit we met Er. Nilesh Pathale Sir at his cabin who is working
for MSETCL as Asst. Engineer from last 14 years. He shown us the internal structure of the
substation and then further Er. Vishal Ambhore Sir shown us the yard.

7. Conclusion:

Now from this report we can conclude that electricity plays an important role in our life. We
are made aware of how the transmission the transmission of electricity is done. We too came
to know about the various parts of the substation system. The three wings of electrical system
viz generation, transmission and distribution are connected to each other and that too very
perfectly

Thus for effective transmission and distribution a substation must

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  Ensure steady state and transient stability
 Effective voltage control
 Prevention of loss of synchronism
 Reliable supply by feeding the network at various points
 Fault analysis improvement in respective field
 Establishment of economic bad distribution

References:-

 H. Wayne Beaty Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers Eleventh Edtion,

McGraw Hill 1978 ISBN 007020974 X Chapter 17 Substation Design
 IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility.
 www.ieeexplore.com

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