SHIVANAGAR VIDYA PRASARAK MANDAL’S

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

MALEGAON BK ,TAL- BARAMATI, DIST-PUNE,PIN -413115.

Report
on

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2022-23

TITLE OF PROJECT

VARIOUS TYPES OF COMPONENTS IN ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

Program: ME Program code: 4-I

Course:ETM Course code:22652
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. /Ms. Prthmesh pote.karan shelar.saurabh masal.chetan mane

Roll No26.27.28.34 of 5I Semester of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

…………………………of Institute, SVPM’s ITE Malegaon BK. (Code: 0038) has completed
the Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject P.E.R for the academic
year 2022- 2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: ……………………. Enrollment No:210080333.2100380339.210003803340

2100380343
Date: ……………………… Exam.Seat No: …………………………………….

Guide Head of the Department Principal

 Group Details:

Sr.No Name of group members Roll Enrollment Exam

No No Seat No

1 Prathmesh pote 26 2100300333

2 Karan shelar 27 2100380339

3 Saurabh masal 28 2100380340

4 Chetan mane 34 2100380343

Name of Guide: PROF. A.Y.DEOKATE

 INDEX

SR.NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1
INTRODUCTION

INFORMATION ABOUT ELECTRIC VEHICLE MOTORS

2

INFORMATION ABOUT ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGERS

3

4
ADVANTAGES

FUTURE SCOPE
5

6 CONCLUSION

7 REFERNCES

9
INTRIDUCTION AND HISTORY :-

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming an increasingly popular alternative to traditional gasoline-
powered vehicles due to their many benefits, including reduced emissions, improved fuel economy, and
lower operating costs. The design of an EV involves several key components that work together to deliver
the performance, range, and efficiency required for everyday use. One of the most critical components of
an EV is the battery pack. The battery pack is the heart of an electric vehicle, providing the energy that
powers the electric motor. The battery pack consists of many individual lithium-ion cells, which are
arranged in modules and connected in series and parallel to produce the desired voltage and capacity. The
battery management system (BMS) monitors the health of the battery pack, ensures that each cell is
operating within safe parameters, and manages the charging and discharging of the battery pack to optimize
performance and longevity.

The electric motor is another critical component of an EV. It is responsible for converting electrical
energy from the battery pack into mechanical energy that powers the wheels. The electric motor is typically
much simpler than a gasoline engine, with fewer moving parts and no need for a transmission or clutch.
This simplicity results in a quieter, smoother, and more efficient driving experience. Power electronics are
also essential components of an EV. They control the flow of electrical energy between the battery pack,
the electric motor, and other electrical systems in the vehicle. The power electronics consist of an inverter, a
converter, and a DC-DC converter. The inverter converts DC voltage from the battery pack into AC voltage
that is used by the electric motor. The converter regulates the voltage of the DC power that is used to charge
the battery pack from an external power source, such as a charging station. The DC-DC converter converts
the high-voltage DC power from the battery pack into the lower-voltage DC power that is used by the
vehicle's auxiliary systems, such as the lights and radio.

Charging systems are another critical component of an EV. They allow the battery pack to be
charged from an external power source, such as a home charging station or a public charging station. EV
charging systems come in several types, including Level 1, Level 2, and DC fast charging. Level 1 charging
uses a standard 120-volt household outlet and can take up to 24 hours to fully charge a battery pack. Level 2
charging uses a 240-volt charging station and can fully charge a battery pack in 4-8 hours. DC fast charging
uses a high-powered DC charging station and can provide an 80% charge in as little as 20-30 minutes.
Regenerative braking systems are another important component of an EV. They allow the electric motor to
act as a generator when the vehicle is decelerating or braking, converting some of the kinetic energy of the
vehicle back into electrical energy that is stored in the battery pack. This helps to extend the range of the
vehicle and reduces the wear and tear on the brake pads and rotors.

Finally, there are several other important components of an EV, including the onboard charger, the
cooling system, and the heating system. The onboard charger converts the AC power from an external
charging source into DC power that is used to charge the battery pack. The cooling system keeps the battery
pack and other electrical components at a safe operating temperature, while the heating system provides
cabin heating during cold weather. In summary, an electric vehicle consists of several key components that
work together to deliver a clean, efficient, and convenient driving experience. The battery pack, electric
motor, power electronics, charging system, regenerative braking system, onboard charger, cooling system,
and heating system are all essential components that contribute to the overall performance, range, and
efficiency of an EV.
INFORMATION ABOUT ELECTRIC VEHICLE MOTORS:-

Electric motors are the heart of an electric vehicle (EV), converting electrical energy from the
battery into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle. There are two main types of electric motors used in
EVs: AC (alternating current) motors and DC (direct current) motors. AC motors are more commonly used
in EVs due to their higher efficiency and ability to deliver high torque at low speeds. They are also smaller
and lighter than DC motors, making them more suitable for use in vehicles. AC motors are typically three-
phase motors, meaning they have three sets of windings that are energized in sequence to create a rotating
magnetic field. This field interacts with the permanent magnets on the rotor to produce torque and drive the
vehicle
DC motors, on the other hand, are simpler in design and can be more efficient at high speeds.
However, they require more complex power electronics to convert the DC power from the battery to the AC
power needed to drive the motor. DC motors are typically used in smaller EVs, such as scooters and
bicycles, as well as in some hybrid vehicles. Both AC and DC motors can be configured in different ways,
including with different numbers of poles and different winding configurations, to optimize their
performance for different applications. They can also be combined with gearboxes or other transmission
systems to provide the desired torque and speed characteristics for the vehicle
In general, electric vehicle motors are highly efficient, with efficiency ratings of over 90% in many
cases. They also produce instant torque, providing quick acceleration and responsive handling. With
ongoing advancements in motor design and manufacturing, electric vehicle motors are expected to become
even more efficient, powerful, and affordable in the coming years, driving the widespread adoption of
electric vehicles as a clean and sustainable transportation solution.
Electric motors for vehicles are typically rated in terms of their power output and torque. Power is
measured in kilowatts (kW), and torque is measured in newton-meters (Nm). The power and torque output
of the motor determine the vehicle's acceleration, top speed, and overall performance. One of the unique
features of electric motors is their ability to provide regenerative braking. When the driver applies the
brakes, the electric motor acts as a generator, converting the kinetic energy of the vehicle into electrical
energy that can be stored in the battery. This helps to extend the vehicle's range and reduce wear on the
brake pads and rotors. Electric motors generate heat during operation, and it's important to keep them cool
to prevent damage and ensure optimal performance. Most electric motors for vehicles are water-cooled,
with a cooling system that circulates coolant through the motor to dissipate heat. Electric vehicle motors are
controlled by a motor controller, which regulates the power output of the motor and ensures that it operates
safely and efficiently.
The design of electric vehicle motors can vary depending on the application. For example, some
motors use permanent magnets on the rotor to generate the magnetic field, while others use electromagnets
that are energized by the current flowing through the windings. Permanent magnet motors are generally
more efficient and produce more torque at low speeds, while induction motors (which use electromagnets)
can be more efficient at high speeds. The size of the electric motor used in a vehicle can vary depending on
the desired performance and range. Smaller motors are typically used in smaller EVs, while larger motors
are used in larger vehicles that require more power and torque. The weight of the motor can also affect the
overall weight and balance of the vehicle.
The cost of electric vehicle motors can vary depending on the design, manufacturing process, and
materials used. However, in general, electric motors are becoming more affordable as production volumes
increase and manufacturing processes become more efficient. The cost of electric vehicle motors can vary
depending on the design, manufacturing process, and materials used. However, in general, electric motors
are becoming more affordable as production volumes increase and manufacturing processes become more
efficient.
INFORMATION ABOUT ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGERS:-
Electric vehicle chargers are an essential component of any electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure.
They are responsible for delivering the electrical energy from the power grid to the vehicle's battery,
allowing the vehicle to travel longer distances without the need for gasoline or diesel fuel. There are several
types of electric vehicle chargers, each with different charging speeds, power ratings, and compatibility
with different types of EVs.

1. Types of Chargers: The three main types of electric vehicle chargers are Level 1, Level 2, and
DC fast chargers. Level 1 chargers are the slowest and typically provide a charging rate of 2-5
miles of range per hour of charging. They use a standard 120-volt outlet and are often used for
home charging. Level 2 chargers provide a faster charging rate of 10-20 miles of range per hour
of charging, and require a 240-volt outlet. They are often used for public charging stations or
home charging with a dedicated charging station. DC fast chargers provide the fastest charging
rates, with some models capable of adding 100 miles of range in as little as 15-20 minutes.
These chargers use a specialized DC charging port and are typically found at public charging
stations along highways and major travel routes.
2. Charging Time: The charging time for an electric vehicle depends on several factors, including
the type of charger used, the size of the vehicle's battery, the amount of charge remaining in the
battery, and the charging speed supported by the vehicle's onboard charger. In general, Level 1
charging is the slowest and can take several hours to fully charge a depleted battery, while DC
fast charging is the fastest and can add significant range in a short amount of time.
3. Charging Power: The power rating of an electric vehicle charger is typically measured in
kilowatts (kW), and represents the amount of electrical power that the charger can deliver to the
vehicle's battery. Level 1 chargers typically have a power rating of 1.4 kW or less, while Level 2
chargers can range from 3.3 kW to 19.2 kW, depending on the specific model. DC fast chargers
can deliver power ratings of 50 kW or more, allowing them to charge the vehicle's battery at a
much faster rate.
4. Charging Connectors: There are several different types of charging connectors used by electric
vehicle chargers, depending on the region, the type of charger, and the vehicle manufacturer. In
North America, the most common connector type for Level 1 and Level 2 charging is the J1772
connector, which is a standardized connector used by most EV manufacturers. For DC fast
charging, several connector types are in use, including the CHAdeMO connector, used primarily
by Japanese automakers, and the CCS connector, used by most North American and European
automakers. Tesla has its own proprietary connector, which is used for both AC and DC
charging.
5. Charging Infrastructure: The availability of charging infrastructure is a key factor in the
adoption of electric vehicles, as drivers need to be able to recharge their vehicles while on the
road. Public charging stations are typically located at shopping centers, parking garages, and
other public areas, and can be accessed using a mobile app or RFID card. There are also several
commercial charging networks, such as ChargePoint, EVgo, and Electrify America, which
operate charging stations across the country. Some electric vehicle manufacturers also offer their
own charging networks, such as Tesla's Supercharger network.
Advantages :
 Electric vehicles offer environmental benefits, cost savings, quiet and smooth driving, energy
security, powerful acceleration, and flexibility in charging options.
 Electric vehicles are fun to drive and offer a new level of responsiveness and agility on the road.
 EVs can help to reduce our dependence on foreign oil and increase energy independence.
 Electric vehicles have lower maintenance costs and require fewer oil changes and other routine
services.
 EVs are becoming more affordable and accessible, with a wider range of models and price points to
choose from.
 The environmental benefits of electric vehicles extend beyond air quality and climate change to
include reduced noise pollution and wildlife habitat protection.
 Electric vehicles are an important part of the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.
 EVs can be charged using renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, making them an
even greener choice.
 Electric vehicles have a lower center of gravity than traditional cars, making them more stable and
easier to handle.

Disadvantages :
 Electric vehicles have disadvantages such as limited driving range, longer charging times, higher
upfront costs, limited model options, and potential strain on the electric grid.
 Cold temperatures can reduce the efficiency of EV batteries and result in shorter driving ranges.
 The upfront cost of purchasing an EV can be higher than that of a comparable gasoline vehicle,
although this can be offset by lower operating costs over time.
 Limited model options and availability can make it difficult to find an EV that meets all of your
needs and preferences.
 The growing popularity of EVs could put strain on the electric grid, especially during peak charging
times.
 EVs require specialized knowledge and equipment for maintenance and repairs, which could be a
challenge for some owners.
FEATURE SCOPE:-

Electric vehicles (EVs) are vehicles that are powered by electricity rather than fossil fuels like
gasoline or diesel. They use one or more electric motors to drive the wheels and are typically powered by
rechargeable batteries that store electricity from an external power source, such as a charging station or a
home electric outlet.
There are two main types of electric vehicles: Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) and Plug-in Hybrid
Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). BEVs are powered solely by electricity and have no internal combustion
engine, while PHEVs have both an electric motor and a gasoline or diesel engine. PHEVs can operate in
electric-only mode for a limited distance before switching to gasoline or diesel power, which gives them
more flexibility and a longer driving range.

CONCLUSION:-
  Electric vehicles represent a significant shift in the automotive industry towards
cleaner, more sustainable transportation. By utilizing electricity as a power source rather than fossil fuels,
electric vehicles offer numerous advantages, including lower operating costs, reduced environmental
impact, and improved performance. Although there are some disadvantages to electric vehicles, such as
limited driving range and longer charging times, advances in technology and infrastructure are helping to
mitigate these challenges
REFERENCES:

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/evs

2. https://auto.howstuffworks.com/EVs.htm

3. https://www.britannica.com/technology/EVs
 ANEEXURE II

Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2022- 2023 Name of the Faculty:ME

Course:ETM Course code:22652 Semester:6th
Title of the project: VARIOUS TYPES OF COMPONENTS IN ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

Cos addressed by Micro Project:

A:
B:
C:
D:
Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project
(a) Practical outcome:

(b) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:

(c) Outcomes in Affective domain:

1)

2)
Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication (if
any)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4for

for performance performance in
Roll No Student Name in group activity oral/ presentation Total out of 10
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)
43 Prathmesh pote
46 Karan shelar
47 Saurabh masal

48 Chetan mane

(Signature of Faculty)