A

Micro-Project Report on

POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ( In Hospital , College & Industry )

Submitted to
MSBTE
In Partial Fulfilment of Requirement of Diploma of
Electrical Engineering
Under I Scheme
Submitted By – Roll No.
Mr. Hrishikesh G. Barve - 22
Mr. Suyash S. Sangelkar - 23
Ms..Vaishnavi V. Padave - 24

Under the Guidance of –

Prof. H. A. Pawar

FOR ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-21

YASHWANTRAO BHOSALE POLYTECHNIC, SAWANTADI

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that,

Mr. Hrishikesh G. Barve Roll No. - 22

Mr. Suyash S. Sangelkar Roll No. - 23
Ms. Vaishnavi V. Padave Roll No. - 24
Of Fourth semester of diploma in Electrical Engineering Of institute Yashwantrao Bhonsale
Polytechnic (1742) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in course of Electric Power
Transmission & Distribution (22419) For the academic year 2020-21 as prescribed in the
curriculum.

Subject Faculty HOD Principal

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that,

Mr/Ms………………………………………Roll No -…………………
Of Fourth semester of diploma in Electrical Engineering Of institute Yashwantrao Bhosale
Polytechnic (1742) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in course Power
Transmission & Distribution (22419) For the academic year 2020-21 as prescribed in the
curriculum.

Place - Enrolment No. -

Date - Exam seat No. -

Subject faculty HOD Principal

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 Acknowledgement

First I would like to take this opportunity to thank our lecturer H. A. Pawar sir for
guidance and advice on this project. At the same time I also wont forget my group members and
also colleagues to because they quiet good with sharing some of their information to complete
this second year project successfully.
I am very much thankful to principal Mr. G A Bhosale for the support and
encouragement. This work I complete with blessings of all my family members I express my
sincere gratitude towards them for their kind cooperation and encouragement which help me in
completion of this project. I would like to express my sincere thanks to all teaching and non-
teaching staff of department of electrical engineering. It was indeed a fabulous experience and
learning for me to work on this project.

Last but not the least I would like to thank all my friends and well-wishers who were
involve directly and non-directly in successful competition of the present work.

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 INDEX

SR NO. CONTENT PAGE NO .

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 04

2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION 07

3 AIM OF THE PROJECT 12

4 COURSE OUTCOME 16

5 ACTUAL PROCEDURE 17

6 ACTUAL RESOURCES USED 18

7 OUTPUT OF THE PRJECT 19

8 SKILL DEVLPOED 20

9 CONCLUSION 21

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 FIGURE INDEX

SR NO FIGURE NUMBER PAGE NO

1 FIG NO. 1 08

2 FIG NO . 2 09

3 FIG NO. 3 11

4 FIG NO. 4 12

5 FIG NO. 5 14

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 Brief Description
 Introduction to Power distribution system
Electrical distribution systems are an essential part of the electrical power system. In
order to transfer electrical power from an alternating current (AC) or a direct current (DC) source
to the place where it will be used, some type of distribution network must be utilized. The
method used to distribute power from where it is produced to where it is used can be quite
simple. More complex power distribution systems are used, to transfer electrical power from the
power plant to industries, homes, and commercial buildings.

Single line diagram is the representation of a power system using the simple symbol for
each component. The single line diagram of a power system is the network which shows the
main connections and arrangement of the system components along with their data .It is not
necessary to show all the components of the system on a single line diagram

 Energy Usage in Hospital

All electrical power in a healthcare facility is important, though some loads are not
critical to the safe operation of the facility. The electrical system requirements for the essential
electrical system (EES) vary according to the associated risk to the patients, visitors and staff that
might occupy that space. NFPA 99 assigns a risk category to each space within the healthcare
facility based on the risk associated with a failure of the power distribution system serving that
space.

Healthcare electrical systems usually consist of two parts:

 Non-essential (or normal) electrical system.

 Essential electrical system.

Essential Electrical Systems (EES)

Essential electrical systems (EES) have the most stringent requirements for providing
continuity of electrical service and will, therefore, be the focus of this section.

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 Power Distribution System In Large Hospital represented by a Single Line
Diagram

Figure 1

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 Power Distribution System In Small Hospital represented by a Single Line
Diagram

Figure 2

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 Case Study -
It was after midnight on a Sunday in a 40-year old hospital when the surgery department
experienced a line-to-ground fault on a 20-amp, single-phase branch circuit. The fault was
detected in the system, power was interrupted, the generators fired up, and power was restored to
the critical branch in a matter of seconds. This ordinarily doesn’t seem like a huge ordeal.
Hospitals are designed to overcome these situations and are provided with reliable electrical
distribution systems for exactly this scenario. The hospital engineering staff heard the generators
humming and knew they had a little bit of time to assess the situation; until the phones started
ringing. What they soon discovered was that, while the generators were running as they should,
they were not supplying power to the end-use devices on the critical branch. The engineering
staff quickly began to panic as they frantically tried to restore power. Fortunately, the hospital
engineering staff was able to quickly pinpoint the issue and get the critical branch back up and
running with no lives lost.

What was discovered was that the original ground fault occurred at a light fixture in a corridor
outside one of the operating rooms. The cause was a very old water line that had sprung a small
leak and was dripping on the electrical connection of the light fixture, causing a line-to-ground
fault. This light fixture was powered from a panel on the critical branch of the emergency
system. The fault was quickly detected by the first circuit breaker in the system that happened to
be equipped with ground-fault detection capability. This was in the main normal power service
entrance switchboard (as it should by code), however was no-where near closets to the fault. The
ground-fault sensor triggered the circuit breaker to open, and it was discovered this device was
incorrectly set to act too quickly. This resulted in the de-energizing of the normal side of the
critical-branch automatic transfer switch, which then detected the loss of power, properly
signaled the generator to start, and transferred over to the emergency power source. This, in turn,
repowered the faulted light fixture circuit and re-introduced the ground fault. Unfortunately, the
switchboard feeding the emergency side of the transfer switch also possessed ground-fault
detection (this is not permitted by code). And this circuit breaker was also incorrectly set to act
too quickly. Subsequently, the main critical-branch emergency-side distribution circuit breaker
also opened, resulting in a loss of power to the hospital’s critical branch from both sources
(utility and emergency generator). In summary, a catastrophic event could have been caused by
improperly applying ground-fault protec

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 Energy Usage in College
The electrical distribution system for a college or university campus represents more than just the
utility that keeps the lights on. It is the reliable power that supports world class research, the
properly sized system that does not fail in the dead of winter or the peak of summer, and the
forward-thinking design that allows for seamless integration of growing and evolving campuses.
These upgrades are among the most complex and demanding projects that campuses undergo due
to the vital nature of this system to every campus building. Although distribution projects require
a very high capital investment, the result is manifested as a maintainable, reliable utility, not a
single campus building, sports complex, or other asset that one would typically expect from this
type of investment.

 Power Distribution System In College represented by a Single Line

Diagram

Figure 3

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 Energy Usage in Industry
In an industrial electric power system, electric power is supplied from either private utilities or
public utilities, or both. The supplied voltage is in the range of 11KV, 33KV, 66KV or 132KV.
These high voltages are stepped down to a low voltage using step-down transformers.
The voltages in the range of 440 volts or below are called as low tension systems. This stepped
voltage is further supplied to various panels and equipments through a switchgear arrangement
that consisting of electrical switches, circuit breakers, fuses, protection equipment, metering
boards, etc.
The figure below shows a single line diagram of the power distribution. This model scheme is
mostly employed for large and medium scale industries. In some cases, sub-LT panels are not
found; instead power is supplied directly from LT panels to SDBs depending upon the size of
distribution area where the number of units (or sections) to be supplied is the major
consideration.

 Power Distribution System Indutry represented by a Single Line Diagram

Figure 4

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 Case Study -
The committee considered two cases of power grid instability that could have been avoided
with better analytical and mathematical tools. The first example is in Texas, where wind power
farms in northwest Texas were producing power that is carried by weak transmission lines to the
large load centers in east Texas (Dallas, Austin, Houston, San Antonio, and others). The turbines
and the cables both have built-in controls to help dampen oscillations, in particular, in (1) the
thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) transmission lines, which means that their line
power flow can be directly controlled, and in (2) the doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) of
wind farms whose voltage is electronically, rather than mechanically, controlled. If any electrical
signals vary from the control center’s reference settings, this needs to be remedied very quickly.
The cables and the wind farms are equipped with fast electronic inverter-based controls, which
change the stored energy in the equipment whose power is electronically controlled to push the
signal back toward its reference settings. However, the controls on the Texas equipment did not
work properly, and this led to oscillatory dynamics between the controllers of wind power farms
and line flow controllers of weak transmission lines delivering wind power to the faraway loads
such as Dallas. The new technical term for these instabilities is subsynchronous control
instabilities, which had not been experienced by any power grid before the situation in Texas.
For details of operational problems related to large wind power transfer in Texas, see ERCOT
System Planning (2014).
Similarly, in Germany, by government regulation, all of the wind power produced in the
northwest of Germany must be delivered by the grid. However, the German power grid is not
strong enough to handle this massive variability nor is it controlled online. Because of this, it is
not always possible to deliver wind power to the major cities in the south of Germany (Munich
in particular). Instead, power spills over to the Polish and Czech power systems, which complain
about this and wish to build high-voltage dc tie links to block the German wind power from
entering their grids. In addition, a serious problem of harmonic oscillations, similar to the
problem observed in Texas, has been observed.

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 Power Distribution System in Industry represented by a Single Line
Diagram

Figure 5

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 Aim Of The Project
 To make the report on Power Distribution Systems .
 To know about Single line Diagram Concept .
 Know about how to Draw the single line diagram of any Power Distribution system
 Use Autodesk AutoCAD software for Drawing the single Line Diagram of Power
distribution System .

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 Course Outcome
 Interrupt the normal operation of electric Transmission & Distribution system
 Maintain the functioning of Medium & High Voltage transmission

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 Actual Procedure Followed
 We prepared plan for the making the report file
 Collected all the information about the various Power distribution System ( Hospital ,
College , Industry )
 Took guidance from our subject teacher about the project
 Prepared the single line diagram of each
 Project name and some information labelled on the project
 Prepared the project report

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 Actual Resources Used
 Internet - http://hoveyelectric.com/
https://www.zippia.com/

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/

 Reference Books -

1. Electrical Power generation , Transmission & Distribution by S. N. Singh

2. Transmission and Distribution of Power by K.R Siddhapura & D B Raval

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 Output Of The Project
 In this project we learnt about Power distribution In various areas with the help of single line
diagram
 Got a Information about how to draw Single Line Diagram
 Got a experience to work in team
 We get a knowledge about how to prepare the Project.

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 Skill Devloped
 Project making skill
 Skills like presentation, Discipline
 Developing idea of the project
 Also skills about co-ordination , teamwork ,time management developed by performing this
project

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 Conclusion
Hereby are the presented our micro – project report on topic of Power Distribution
System ( Hospital , College , Industry ), which inspires us all and gives us a better inspiration .
We all separated the work in various part and distributed the work to all our group members and
we tried to do best for our micro- project of Power Distribution System ( Hospital , College ,
Industry ),
This project is completed successfully as well even are all learned how important to move
in life with Teamwork it can change the life as miracle .
At the time of completion we have learnt many lessons such as Teamwork, Tolerance,
Consistency, Co- operation , patience and also learnt the importance of micro – project.We
successfully completed this project because we not only gained theoretical knowledge but also
practical knowledge .

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