A

MICRO PROJECT REPORT

ON
“Collect Specification, Working, Constructional detail of –
Domestic refrigerator, Water Cooler and write a report.”
In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Diploma in
Mechanical Engineering
Submitted To

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,

Mumbai
Submitted By

50 Phatangare Akshay kisan

51 Dute Vaibhav Kalu
52 Dixit Om Balasaheb
53 Khaire Gaurav Vijay

Under The Guidance of

Mr. Wale

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

AMRUTVAHINI POLYTECHNIC, AMRUTNAGAR
TAL-SANGAMNER, DIST-AHMEDNAGAR, (M.S.) INDIA-422608
(2022-2023)
 AMRUTVAHINI POLYTECHNIC, SANGAMNER
Department Of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that

50 Phatangare Akshay kisan

51 Dute Vaibhav Kalu
52 Dixit Om Balasaheb
53 Khaire Gaurav Vijay

has satisfactorily carried put and completed the Micro Project

work entitled.
“Collect Specification, Working, Constructional detail of –
Domestic refrigerator, Water Cooler and write a report.”
This work is being submitted for the award of Diploma in mecanical
Engineering.
It is submitted in partial fulfillment of the prescribed syaalbus of MSBTE,
Mumbai
For the Acadmic Year 2022-23

Prof. Ingole.M.W Mr. Wale

(HOD) (Guid)
 MICRO PROJECT REPORT
1.0 Title of Micro Project Report:
“Collect Specification, Working, Constructional detail of –
Domestic refrigerator, Water Cooler and write a report.”

2.0 Aims/Benefits of the micro Project:

➢ . Refrigerator, Domestic (also household refrigerator), an
appliance that is used for the short-term preservation of food
products in the home by means of refrigeration.
➢ Water coolers are used to give cold water having temperature,
around 8°C to 16°C for drinking purpose

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved :

➢ CI 502 5- Experiment with Refrigeration And air Conditioning test rig to
find COP

4.0 Proposed Methodology :-

➢ The temperature in the cooling chambers of the refrigerator should be at
or below 40 degrees Fahrenheit or 4 degrees Celsius.
➢ A refrigerator is a big appliance. It occupies lots of space.
➢ Safety is a big issue. Your fridge is a potential electrical appliance
that can catch fire. Once it catches fire it can also explode.
➢ Engine can be installed anywhere on the vehicle
➢ Volumetric Efficiency of the water-cooled engine is more than the
air-cooled engine
➢ Uniform cooling of the cylinder, cylinder head, and valves.
 5.0 Action Plan
Name of
Sr responsible
Details of Activity Start date Finished Date
No team
members
1 Formation of groups 29/08/2022 03/09/2022

2 Allocation of Micro project topic 05/09/2022 10/09/2022

Search information from the institute/

3 12/09/2022 01/10/2022
workshop/Industries/internet.
4 Make a model/make a chart/ collection 03/10/2022 12/11/2022

Assessment / review of soft /Hard copy of

5 14/11/2022 30/11/2022
project and necessary corrections
6 Finalization of work. 01/12/2022 10/12/2022

6.0 Resource Required :-

Sr.No Name of Specification Quantity Remark
Resources
1 Computer Desk With With 2 TO 3 GB 1 _
mouse and keyboard Ram

2 Internat WIkipedia 1 _

7.0 Name Of Team Member

Roll.No Name Of Student Enrollment No Remark
50 Phatangare Akshay kisan 2000800881
51 Dute Vaibhav Kalu 2100800888
52 Dixit Om Balasaheb 2100800890
53 Khaire Gaurav Vijay 2100800891
8.0 Outputs of the Micro-Project:-
1.Domestic Refrigerator:-
 Primary function of domestic refrigerator: "To provide food
storage space or cabinet maintained at low temperature (0°C to
4°C) for the preservation of food." Secondary function of domes tic
refrigerator: "Formation of ice cubes."

Refrigeration cycle used: Vapour Compression Cycle (V.C.C.).

Commonly used Refrigerant: R-134a.

Capacity of domestic refrigerator: It is expressed in terms of
"Litres". Standard refrigerators of capacity 90, 165, 210, 300, 420
litres etc. are available in market.

Construction of Domestic Refrigerator

Refrigeration system of domestic refrigerator consists of follow ing

main components:

 Hermetically sealed compressor.

 Fin and Tube type evaporator.

 Accumulator.

 Thermostat.

 Air cooled condenser.

 Capillary tube.

 Drier and strainer.

Domestic refrigerator has a cabinet shape. Compressor is located in

its basement, whereas, condenser and receiver are located at the
back side. Refer Fig. 1. Compressor is a back dome shaped machine.
Suction, discharge and charging tubes are fitted to the compressor.
On the compressor body, control devices such as re lay, overload
protector etc. are fitted. Evaporator remains ex posed inside the
storage cabinet. Ice trays are kept in the ice box, which is a part of
evaporator for producing small quantity of ice. Condenser is a black
coloured wounded coil or tube generally kept at backside. By
adjusting thermostat knob, desired tempera ture in the evaporator can
be set. Strainer is provided to remove impurities from the refrigeration
system. Drier is provided to re move moisture (i.e. water vapour
associated with refrigerant) from the refrigeration system. A soft
rubber gasket with mag netic wire is provided at the door of cabinet to
provide air tight seal so as to prevent atmospheric air from entering
into the re frigerator cabinet through small openings.

Fig.1 Domestic Refrigerator

Working of Domestic Refrigerator

Low pressure, low temperature liquid refrigerant enters Into the

evaporator, absorbs heat from the space to be refrigerated or cooled
and gets converted into low pressure, low temperature vapour
refrigerant. It creates cooling effect in the space to be re frigerated,
Refer Fig. 2. This low pressure vapour refrigerant is sucked by the
compressor, where its pressure and temperature are increased by
compression. High pressure and high tempera ture vapour refrigerant
delivered by compressor is cooled and condensed to liquid state in
the condenser. Thus, heat is rejected by the refrigerant in the
condenser. Then, this high pressure liq uid refrigerant is passed
through capillary tube, where it under goes throttling expansion and
due to expansion, its pressure is re duced to obtain low pressure
liquid refrigerant. Low pressure and low temperature liquid refrigerant
is suppred to evaporator, where it absorbs heat from the space to be
cooled. This completes one cycle. The above cycle is repeated again
and again, till the de sired refrigerating effect is achieved.

Fig 2. Working Cycle (V.C.C) Of Domestic Refrigerator.

 Specification Of Domestic
Refrigerator.

Vapor Compression System Parts

The refrigerant in this unit is circulated through the various

components of the system with the help of a motor installed in the
compressor unit where it undergoes a number of changes in its state
or condition. Each cycle of operation consists of the four
fundamental changes in the state of the refrigerant:
(i) expansion (ii) vaporization (iii) compression and (iv)
condensation.
The vapor compression system of a domestic refrigerator consists
of the following five essential parts:
Compressor: The low pressure and temperature vapor refrigerant
from the evaporator is drawn into the compressor through the inlet
or suction valve, where it is compressed to high pressure and
temperature. The high pressure and temperature vapor refrigerant is
discharged into the condenser through the delivery or discharge
valve.
Condenser: The condenser or cooler consists of coils of pipe in
which the high pressure and temperature vapor refrigerant is cooled
and condensed. The refrigerant, while passing through the
 condenser, rejects its latent heat to the external surrounding air.
Thus hot refrigerant vapor received from the compressor is
converted into liquid form in the condenser
.Receiver: The condensed liquid refrigerant from the condenser is
stored in a vessel, known as a receiver, from where it is supplied to
the expansion valve or refrigerant control valve.
Expansion Valve or Throttle Valve: The function of this valve is to
allow the liquid refrigerant under high pressure and temperature to
pass at a controlled rate after reducing its pressure and temperature.
Some of the liquid refrigerant evaporates as it passes through the
expansion valve, but the greater portion is vaporized in the
evaporator at the low pressure and temperature.
Evaporator: An evaporator consists of coils of pipe in which the
liquid-vapor refrigerant at low pressure and temperature is
evaporated and changed into vapor refrigerant at low pressure and
temperature. During the evaporation process, the liquid-vapor
refrigerant absorbs its latent heat of vaporization from the medium
which is to be cooled (i.e. items placed in the refrigerator).

2. Water Cooler:-
Function: Water coolers are used to give cold water having
temperature, around 8°C to 16°C for drinking purpose.ng Exampless
And LogicTheoryTypes of Water Cooler
The three types of water coolers are
1. Storage type
2. Instantaneous type
3. Bottle type.
 Storage Type Water
Cooler.

In storage type, tap water (water to be cooled) is stored in large size

storage tank, surrounded by cooling coil (see Figure 1). It takes more
time in the beginning to lower the temperature of wa ter. It is generally
used in schools, offices, hospitals etc.

Cycle used: Vapour compression cycle

Refrigerant: R-134a.
The storage type water cooler has an evaporator coil soldered on the
outside surface of the wall. The tank is made of stainless steel or GI
sheet. The water level in the water tank is maintained and controlled by
a float valve.

Construction:
Water cooler has a metal sheet cabinet. It consists of a hermeti cally
sealed compressor, condenser, capillary tube, accumulator, refrigerant
coil, water cooling coil, thermostat, relay, overload protection etc.
Thermostat is provided to control the temperature of water. Separate
inlet and outlet connections of water are provided to storage tank. Water
level is maintained with the help of float valve to minimize the wastage of
refriger ated water. A push type water tap is generally provided for draw
ing cold water.
Working:

When the vapour compression system starts to operate, the heat of

water is taken up by the refrigerant flow through the evapora tor coil and
gets evaporated. This vapour refrigerant is sucked by the compressor,
where it is compressed to high pressure, high temperature and is sent to
condenser. In an air-cooled condenser, the heat content of refrigerant is
rejected to atmosphere. A con denser fan placed in front of the
condenser coils to produce arti ficial draught of air. This increases rate of
cooling and refrigerant and condensation of vapour refrigerant into liquid
refrigerant oc curs in short time From condenser outlet, the liquid
refrigerant passes through a capillary tube to the evaporator coil and the
cy cle is repeated number of times, till the desired cooling of water
occurs. As soon as, the desired temperature is attained by water in the
storage tank, the compressor is cut-off by thermostat.

Applications: Used in offices, schools, hospitals, factories etc.

Instantaneous Type
Water Cooler

Instantaneous type of water cooler gives cold water as and when

required. The cooling coil is directly wounded on the tap water line.
Therefore, as soon as water to be cooled enters the tap water line, it
gets cooled instantaneously. The major drawback of in stantaneous
water cooler is slow delivery rate. This happens, when the cold water tap
is opened more frequently and for long time. Here, water delivery rate is
slow.

In case of instantaneous type of water cooler, evaporator consists of

"two separate cylindrically wounded coils made-up of copper or stainless
Steel".
One coil is cooled as cooling coil and other one is water coil. In the Fig.
2, the cooling coil and water coil are shown separately for the illustration
purpose. The liquid refrigerant received from capillary tube flows through
the evaporator coil, whereas, water to be cooled is made to pass in the
water coil through a filter and a flow regulator. Both coils are located
closed to each other to permit heat transfer by conduction. Thus, the
liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the water by conduction reducing its
temperature. Thermostat controls the ON/OFF operation of com pressor
to maintain the water temperature within the required limits. For this
purpose, the feeler bulb of thermostat is located on the water pipe, at its
outlet end. In case of Instantaneous water cooler, it Is very important to
control the flow rate of water as per the needed capacity of evaporating
coil. If the rate of water is higher, the system will not be able to bring
down the tempera ture of water to desired or required or set value.
Therefore, high flow rate of cold water is required or desired, then high
capacity evaporator should be selected.
Bottle Type Water Cooler

In bottle type, cold water is supplied from an inserted bottle, which is

kept in the water cooler. Capacity of bottle is in few litres.

Capacity of Water Cooler

1. Capacity of the water cooler is specified on the basis of volume
capacity of the storage tank. It is specified in litres. For example: 50,
100, 200, 500 litres etc.
2. Capacity of the water cooler is also specified on the basis of its ca
pacity to cool a continuous flow rate of water at 10°C to 20°C from a
specified temperature of the incoming water (say 32°C) under an
ambient condition. In such cases, capacity of water cooler ranges from
45 to 190 litres of flow rate per hour.
Specification
Water Cooler Technical Specification SR No: Description Specification 1)
Power Supply 230 V, Single Phase AC Supply. 2) Type of Unit / Cooler
Water cooler cum hot water dispenser cum normal water storage in a
single compact Unit. 3) Ozone Processing Tank (2 Numbers) 20 Ltrs x 2. 4)
Storage Tank Capacity/in Ltrs(Normal / Hot / Cold)
9.0 Conclusions
Hopefully This Microproject report helps To get information about
domestic refrigerator and water cooler.
In this miceoproject specification, working principal, construction and other
basic information is included for better understanding.