Government polytechnic, Jalna

Computer Engineering Department

Micro project Details

ANNEXURE-II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project (*****)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Academic Year: 2021-2022 Course: CO Semester: fifth

Name of faculty: Mr.P.B.Agrawal Course Code: 22447 Subject:Environmental Studies

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Title of the Projects

“Report on Household Water Filtrations Unit”

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- COs
addressed by Micro projects: A.
B.
C.

1
 major Learning Outcomes Achieved by students by doing the projects A.
B.
C.
Comments /Suggestion about Term work /leadership /Interpersonal Communication (if any)

Marks Evolution: Staff Remark:

Roll Enrollment Name Of Seat Number Marks Out of 6 Marks Out Total
No No Students for performance of 6 for Out Of
in group activity
performance 10
(D5.Col 8)
in group
activity D5.
Col

Guide H.O.D Principal

Mr.P.B.Agrawal Mr.P.B.Agrawal Mr.S.R.Navle
2
 Government Polytechnic, Jalna
Computer Engineering Department
Micro project on
“Report on Household Water Filtrations Unit”
Subject: Environmental Studies (224447)

Group Members
Sr.No Roll No Enrollment No Seat No Name Of the Students
1. 40 191200211 -- Jaya S. Bhutekar

Guide H.O.D
Mr.P.B.Agrawal Mr.P.B.Agrawal

3
Undertaking

I declare that the work presented in this project titled “Report on Household
Water Filtrations Unit” Submitted to the computer engineering department.
Bareiolly for the award of “Diploma in Computer Engineering
Department” is my original work. I have not plagiarized or submitted the same
work for the award of any other diploma.

In case this undertaking is found incorrect, I accept that my be Diploma may

unconditionally withdrawn.

Date:

Place:

4
 CERTIFICATE

Certified that the work contained in the project titled “Report on Household Water
Filtrations Unit ”

Name of the student

1. Jaya S. Bhutekar

Has been carried out under my supervision and that this work has not been
submitted elsewhere for diploma.

Prof: Mr.P.B.Agrawal
Computer Engineering Department
Government Polytechnic, Jalna
5
 CONTENTS

Sr. No. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 TYPES OF FILTRATIONS 2

3 ADVANTAGES 3-7

4 DISADVANTAGES 8

5 GOALS OF FILTRATIONS 9

6
8 RESULT 12

9 CONCLUSION 13

10 REFERENCE 14

7
 INTRODUCTION

Water filtrations is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological

contaminants,

suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water fit for specific purposes.
Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption (drinking water), but water

purification may also be carried out for a variety of other purposes, including medical,
pharmacological, chemical, and industrial applications. The methods used include physical
processes such as filtration, sedimentation, and distillation; biological processes such as slow

sand filters or biologically active carbon chemical processes such as flocculation and
chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.

Water purification may reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended
particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, and fungi as well as reduce the concentration of a
range of dissolved and particulate matter.

The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by international
standards. These standards usually include minimum and maximum concentrations of
contaminants, depending on the intended use of the water.

Visual inspection cannot determine if water is of appropriate quality. Simple procedures such as
boiling or the

8
use of a household activated carbon filter are not sufficient for treating all possible contaminants
that may be present in water from an unknown source. Even natural spring water – considered
safe for all practical purposes in the 19th century – must now be tested before determining what

kind of treatment, if any, is needed. Chemical and microbiological analysis, while expensive,
are the only way to obtain the information necessary for deciding on the appropriate method of
purification.

TYPES OF WATER FILTERATION

 Activated Carbon

Carbon removes contaminants by chemically bonding to the water that is poured into the system.

Some are only effective at removing chlorine, which only improves taste and odor,

while others remove more harmful contaminants, such as mercury and lead. It is important to
note that carbon filters do not have the ability to
9
 remove inorganic pollutants such as nitrates, fluoride, and arsenic. Carbon filters are usually
sold in block or granulated form to consumers.

10
  Cloth filter

Developed for a main use in Bangladesh, the cloth filter is a simple and cost-effective

appropriate technology method for reducing the contamination of drinking water. Water
collected in this way has a greatly reduced pathogen count - though it will not necessarily
be perfectly safe, it is an improvement for poor people with limited options.

Filtering water to free it from micro-organisms has been an age-old practice among Jains who
carefully remove the micro-organisms in the cloth through filtered water in order to follow doctrine
of Ahimsa or non-violence, preventing pain to any living creature.

11
  Carbon Block

Carbon block filters are block-shaped filters that are composed of crushed carbon particles.

These filters tend to be more effective than other types of carbon-based filters since they have a
larger surface area. The rate at which water flows through these filters has a direct impact on

their level of effectiveness. Fibredyne carbon block filters have a greater sediment-holding
capacity than other types of block filters.

12
 Distillation
13
Distillation is one of the oldest water purification methods. It vaporizes water by heating it to
exceptionally high temperatures.

The vapor is then condensed back into drinkable, liquid water. Distillation removes minerals,
microorganisms, and chemicals that have a high boiling point. These filters cannot remove
chlorine and many other volatile organic chemicals.

14
 Biosand filter
A biosand filter (BSF) is a point-of-use water treatment system adapte from traditional

slowsand filters. Biosand filters remove pathogens and suspended solids from water using

biological and physical processes that take place in a sand column covered with a biofilm.

BSFs have been shown to remove heavy metals, turbidity, bacteria,

viruses and protozoa. BSFs also reduce discoloration, odor and unpleasant taste. Studies have

shown a correlation between use of BSFs and a decrease in the occurrence of diarrhea.

Because of their effectiveness, ease of use, and lack of recurring costs,

biosand filters are often considered appropriate technology in developing countries. It is

estimated that over 200,000 BSFs are in use worldwide.

15
16
 ADVANTAGES

1. After the water has been purified it is separated from unwanted substances.

2. It is safe for consumption and also in doing household chores.

3. It does not require a lot of energy to maintain.

4. It is a simple process.

17
 DISADVANTAGES

1. Not all germs and contaminants are removed from filtered water. When the process is
taking place very, small particles can pass through the membranes used to perform water
filtering.

2. Thorough cleaning and care of the equipment are very vital so that they can carry out the
water softening process without any hitch whatsoever.

3. All the cartridges must be disposed of after the water softening process. These cartridges
contain harmful toxins that were purified from the hard water. If they are thrown anyhow
they might end up being pollutants to the environment.

18
 GOALS OF FILTERATION

The goals of the treatment are to remove unwanted constituents in the water and to make it safe
to drink or fit for a specific purpose in industry or medical applications. Widely varied

techniques are available to remove contaminants like fine solids, micro-organisms and some
dissolved inorganic and organic materials, or environmental persistent pharmaceutical
pollutants. The choice of method will depend on the quality of the water being treated, the
cost of the treatment process and the quality standards expected of the processed water.

The processes below are the ones commonly used in water purification plants. Some or most may
not be used depending on the scale of the plant and quality of the raw (source) water.

19
 RESULT

We succe ssfully created report on household water filtrations unit.

20
 CONCLUSION

Thus, we successfully created a report on household water filtrations unit. We have added of

some basic water filtrations techniques in the report.

21
 REFERENCE

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification#Goals

2. https://learn.allergyandair.com/water-filters/

3. https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-filtration

4. https://www.process-cooling.com/articles/89530-what-are-your-water-treatment-goals

5. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clot

22