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X.Y.Z PUBIC SCHOOL

Physics investigatory
project

NAME:
CLASS:
ROLL N0:
SESSION:

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that YOUR NAME of class -

XII has successfully complete the project on
the topic Full Wave Rectifier under the
guidance of Mr. XYZ Sir during the year
2021-22 in the partial fulfilment of the
physics practical examination conducted by
the CBSE

SIGN. OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGH OF TEACHER

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my immense gratitude to

my physics teacher Mr. XYZ Sir for the help and
guidance he provided for completing this project.

I also thank my parents who gave their ideas and

inputs in making this project. Most of all I thank
our school management, for providing us the
facilities and opportunity to do this project.

Lastly, I would like to thanks my classmates who

have done this project along with me. Their
support made this project fruitful.

-YOUR NAME

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INDEX

CONTENT PAGE NO.

Certificate 2

Acknowledgement 3

Topic 5

AIM 6

Introduction 7

Material required 8

Circuit Diagram 9

Working 10

Graphs 11

Application 12

Merits and Demerits 13

Comparison 14

Bibliography 15

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TOPIC

Investigatory project on Full wave rectifier

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AIM

“To construct a full wave rectifier and show that Alternating

Current is rectified into a Direct Current”

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INTRODUCTION

A full wave rectifier is a device which is used to rectify all the

alternating current components in an alternating supply and make it
purely a direct current. The two alternating halves of an alternation
current are rectified in a full wave rectifier which is an advantage
over a half wave rectifier. Most electronic devices cannot withstand
very high voltage or alternating current due to its intense high
power. The use of batteries in all devices is not practical as their
replacement and durability is a huge problem as the device has to be
dismantled each time for such a replacement. So, these rectifiers are
used in most of the electronic devices like TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and
Lightings etc.

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MATERIAL REQUIRED

1. Connecting wires
2. A plug
3. Single lead wire - 2m
4. 3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3cm length
5. Circuit board
6. A Transformer
7. A capacitor
8. A Resistor (1 K Ω)
9. P-N junction diodes
10. A LED
11. Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax, soldering lead, soldering
iron &sand paper

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Connection details:
Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply is given to both the
input wires of the transformer and the two ends of the secondary
coil is given to the P side of the two diodes and the N side of the
diodes are twined and then connected to one end of the capacitor
and the other end to the centre tap lead and to the resistor. Further,
the other end of capacitor with the diode connect ion is connected
to the other end of the resistor. Connect 2 leads on both the ends of
the resistor to measure the output and this is connected to the +ve &
-ve terminals of the bulb.

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WORKING

1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps down the
230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of delivering a current
of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing across the secondary is the
RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts. During the 1st half cycle of
the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward biased and a current ‘I’ flows in
the circuit in the direction S 1D1 ABEOS1. During this time diode D2
is reverse biased. So, it does not conduct any electric current. During
the next half cycle, the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is reversed. Hence
D2 conducts current in the direction S2D2 ABEOS2and D1 does not
conduct any current. In subsequent half cycles of the A.C current the
above processes are repeated.
In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows through the
resistor in only one direction ABE. Even though the voltage across RL
is unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C components. This is
filtered and made smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99% of the
A.C current. A resistor is then used to adjust the output voltage.
Capacitor also nearly filters all A.C components from the supply and
resistance is adjusted for the required output. As this is a simple
circuit, only one capacitor and a resistance are being used. But there
will be slight factor of A.C. current still left in the output but it is
negligible. The output Direct Current and voltage light up the LED.

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GRAPHS

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APPLICATION

➢ Because of their low cost compared to centre tapped, they are

widely used in power supply circuit.

➢ This can be used to detect the amplitude of modulated radio

signal.

➢ Bridge rectifiers can be used to supply polarized voltage in

welding.

➢ In daily life, rectifier find use in mobile chargers.

➢ These rectifiers are used in most of the electronic devices like

TV’s, Radios, Chargers, and Lightings etc.

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MERITS AND DEMERITS

Merits:

➢ The rectification efficiency of full wave rectifier is double of that of

a half wave rectifier.

➢ The ripple voltage is low and of higher Frequency in case of a full

wave rectifier so simple filtering circuit is required.

➢ Higher output voltage higher output power and higher TUF in case
of a full wave rectifier

➢ In a full wave rectifier, there is no problem due to DC saturation of

the core because the DC currents in the two halves of the
transformer secondary flow in opposite directions

Demerits:

➢ Full wave rectifier needs more circuit elements and is costlier.

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COMPARISION BETWEEN FULL WAVE & HALF WAVE

RECTIFIER

Types of rectifier
S. No. Parameter
Half wave Full wave

1. Number of diodes 1 2

2. 𝑉𝐷𝐶 𝑉𝑚 /𝜋 2𝑉𝑚 /𝜋

3. Peak inverse voltage 𝑉𝑚 2𝑉𝑚

4. Ripple factor 1.12 0.48

5. Rectifier efficiency 40.6% 81.2%

Transformer
6. 0.287 0.693
utilisation factor
7. Form factor 1.57 1.11

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

▪ Wikipedia.com

▪ Google search engine

▪ WWW.YOUTUBE.COM

▪ Physics NCERT book for class XII

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