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VIDYALAYA, RENGALI
(SESSION: 2023-2024)
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has successfully completed his/her Physics project
titled
EXAMINER TEACHER
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
- Student Name
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INDEX
CONTENT PAGE NO
Topic 5
AIM 6
Introduction 7
Material required 8
Circuit Diagram 9
Working 10
Graphs 11
Application 12
Comparison 14
Bibliography 15
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TOPIC
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AIM
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INTRODUCTION
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MATERIAL REQUIRED
1. Connecting wires
2. A plug
3. Single lead wire - 2m
4. 3 nuts & Bolts 2 to 3cm length
5. Circuit board
6. A Transformer
7. A capacitor
8. A Resistor (1 K Ω)
9. P-N junction diodes
10. A LED
11. Insulation tape, Blades, soldering wax, soldering lead, soldering
iron &sand paper
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Connection details:
Connections are done as in the circuit. The A.C. supply is given to both the
input wires of the transformer and the two ends of the secondary coil
is given to the P side of the two diodes and the N side of the diodes
are twined and then connected to one end of the capacitor and the
other end to the centre tap lead and to the resistor. Further, the other
end of capacitor with the diode connect ion is connected to the other
end of the resistor. Connect 2 leads on both the ends of the resistor to
measure the output and this is connected to the +ve & -ve terminals of
the bulb.
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WORKING
1st when the A.C. is supplied to the transformer, it steps down the
230V main supply to 6 volts. It has a capability of delivering a current
of 500mA. The 6 volts A.C. appearing across the secondary is the
RMS value and the peak value is 8.4 volts. During the 1st half cycle
of the A.C. input Diode D1 is forward biased and a current ‘I’ flows
in the circuit in the direction S 1D1 ABEOS1. During this time diode
D2 is reverse biased. So, it does not conduct any electric current.
During the next half cycle, the diodeD2 is forward and D1 is reversed.
Hence D2 conducts current in the direction S2D2 ABEOS2and D1
does not conduct any current. In subsequent half cycles of the A.C
current the above processes are repeated.
In both the half cycles it is clear that current flows through the resistor
in only one direction ABE. Even though the voltage across RL is
unidirectional it will still contain a few A.C components. This is
filtered and made smooth using a capacitor, which filters 99% of the
A.C current. A resistor is then used to adjust the output voltage.
Capacitor also nearly filters all A.C components from the supply and
resistance is adjusted for the required output. As this is a simple
circuit, only one capacitor and a resistance are being used. But there
will be slight factor of A.C. current still left in the output but it is
negligible. The output Direct Current and voltage light up the LED.
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GRAPHS
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APPLICATION
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MERITS AND DEMERITS
Merits:
Higher output voltage higher output power and higher TUF in case
of a full wave rectifier
Demerits:
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COMPARISION BETWEEN FULL WAVE &
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
Types of rectifier
S. No. Parameter
Half wave Full wave
1. Number of diodes 1 2
Transformer
6. 0.287 0.693
utilisation factor
7. Form factor 1.57 1.11
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wikipedia.com
WWW.YOUTUBE.COM
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